CN102607507A - Solar ray angle measuring device of photovoltaic tracking system and measuring method of solar ray angle measuring device - Google Patents
Solar ray angle measuring device of photovoltaic tracking system and measuring method of solar ray angle measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102607507A CN102607507A CN2012100590495A CN201210059049A CN102607507A CN 102607507 A CN102607507 A CN 102607507A CN 2012100590495 A CN2012100590495 A CN 2012100590495A CN 201210059049 A CN201210059049 A CN 201210059049A CN 102607507 A CN102607507 A CN 102607507A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar ray angle measuring device of a photovoltaic tracking system and a measuring method of the solar ray angle measuring device, which belong to the metering field. The solar ray angle measuring device comprises a rotatable hollow cylinder mounted on a base, an axial rectangular groove and an oblique groove which are not intersected with each other and can transmit light are disposed on the cylinder, and a photovoltaic battery is mounted at the bottom of the inside of the cylinder and connected with a control circuit. The principle that short-circuit current of the photovoltaic battery is proportional to the area of a portion, which is irradiated by solar rays, of the battery is adopted under the condition of certain illumination intensity, accordingly a rotation angle of the cylinder is detected when the short-circuit of the photovoltaic battery is the maximum by means of controlling rotation of the cylinder via the control circuit, and angles of the solar rays are computed and are timely mastered. The solar ray angle measuring device and the measuring method have a great significance in analyzing solar light intensity of the ground and intensity of ultraviolet rays, and can be used for measuring the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the solar rays.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement mechanism, particularly a kind of angle of sun rays measurement mechanism and method of photovoltaic tracking system belong to metering field.
Background technology
Confirm in the prior art that position of sun generally gets final product through elevation angle and the position angle of confirming the sun; For tellurian certain place; Sun altitude is meant the incident direction of sunshine and the angle between the ground level, says on the specialty that sun altitude is meant that somewhere sunray and this ground makes the angle perpendicular to the face of land tangent line in the earth's core.The sunshine power on sun altitude and ground is closely related.Sooner or later the light intensity with noon has very big difference, and reason just is the difference of sun altitude.Under fine condition, the power of sunshine is directly proportional with the sine of sun altitude.Therefore understand sun altitude sun light intensity, the ultraviolet power of analyzing ground had important meaning.
Solar azimuth is the orientation at sun place, refers to projection and the local meridianal angle of sunray on ground level, can regard as approx to be erected at the ground straight line shade in the sun and the angle of Due South.Solar azimuth has determined the incident direction of sunlight, has determined the hillside or the different daylighting situation towards buildings of all directions.
The method of the tracking sun that adopts at present both at home and abroad mainly contains three kinds of modes: look daily motion track following, photoelectric tracking, look the daily motion track following and photoelectric tracking combines.Look the daily motion track following and need describe the sun's motion rule, formula is complicated, and calculated amount is big; The light activated element of some is arranged in photoelectric tracking usually on special construction, arrange method, image method, photosensitive device be in tilted layout method and aperture arrangement method etc. like the sensor four-quadrant.Detection mode is divided into that switching value detects and two kinds of analog quantity detection modes.When adopting the switching value detection mode, different solar incident angles can make up by the different light activated element of conducting, confirm light angle through this combination, but this mode measuring accuracy is poor, needs more light activated element; The analog quantity detection mode is measured through the output short circuit current at the photovoltaic cell of diverse location and is calculated the sunshine angle, though this mode can reduce the quantity of light activated element, can produce bigger error because of the photovoltaic cell characteristic is inconsistent.For reducing the influence of surrounding environment emission light, usually light activated element is placed in the special magazine, utilize optical element optically focused such as lens, eliminated radiative influence basically.Scope is less but the employing said method takes measurement of an angle.Measurement range can be enlarged though adopt no shielding mode to measure, the inconsistent and catoptrical influence of light activated element must be solved.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of angle of sun rays measurement mechanism and measuring method thereof of photovoltaic tracking system, make measurement mechanism simple in structure, with low cost, it is convenient to measure angle of sun rays, and precision is high.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: a kind of angle of sun rays measurement mechanism of photovoltaic tracking system; Comprise the rotatable hollow circular cylinder that is installed on the base; Have on the said right cylinder and mutually disjoint and the axial rectangular channel and the skewed slot of light-permeable; Said right cylinder inner bottom part is equipped with photovoltaic cell, and said photovoltaic cell links to each other with control circuit, and said control circuit comprises the photovoltaic cell detector; The signal output part of said photovoltaic cell links to each other with the signal input part of photovoltaic cell detector; The signal output part of said photovoltaic cell detector links to each other with the signal input part of digital signal processor through change-over circuit, and the signal input part of said digital signal processor also links to each other with travel switch through optical coupling isolation circuit, and the signal output part of said digital signal processor is connected with motor-drive circuit and liquid crystal display respectively; Said motor-drive circuit links to each other with stepper motor, and said step motor drive right cylinder rotates around its central shaft.
The measuring method of above-mentioned measurement mechanism, its step comprises:
When 1) measuring solar azimuth:
A) this device is placed on the level outdoors face, it is exposed under the sun;
B) with the rectangular channel on the right cylinder towards adjustment, make its aim at Due South to;
C) send signal control motor work through digital signal processor, the motor-driven right cylinder rotates;
D) photovoltaic cell sends to digital signal processor with detected short-circuit current signal; When photovoltaic cell detects the short-circuit current maximum; Be that sunray is over against rectangular channel; At this moment; The angle that rectangular channel turns over is current solar azimuth
, can record solar azimuth
through detecting the right cylinder anglec of rotation;
When 2) measuring sun altitude:
A) this device is placed on the level outdoors face, it is exposed under the sun;
B) send signal control motor work through digital signal processor, the motor-driven right cylinder rotates;
C) photovoltaic cell sends to digital signal processor with detected short-circuit current signal; When photovoltaic cell detects the short-circuit current maximum; At this moment; Incident ray passes through periphery; Pass highly to a certain parallelogram fritter of h and shine on the photovoltaic cell; If cylindrical radius is r; Sun altitude this moment
satisfies
, and calculate
and get final product this moment.
The present invention is utilized under the certain condition of intensity of illumination when measuring angle of sun rays, and the short-circuit current of photovoltaic cell and sunray shine the principle that the area of battery is directly proportional; In the process of actual measurement position angle, maximum if sunray during over against rectangular channel, shines the area of photovoltaic cell; Short-circuit current is also maximum; Open the light through stroke the initial position of rotating cylindrical body confirmed, the direction that is about to the rectangular channel on the right cylinder over against Due South to, this just makes that the short-circuit current that rotates on photovoltaic cell when the control rectangular channel is maximum; This moment, rectangular channel was over against the sunray direction; The angle that right cylinder turns over is the position angle of sunray, and the angle that right cylinder turns over can be calculated through the umber of pulse that stepper motor sends and obtain, and cylindrical sense of rotation can according to circumstances be confirmed according to azimuthal definition and reality; In the actual measurement elevation angle process; The skewed slot that is opened on the right cylinder can be through cutting out along periphery with a plane inclined; Be that skewed slot on the said right cylinder is in the plane; With the bottom of skewed slot or top as cylindrical initial position; When right cylinder rotates to the short-circuit current maximum on the photovoltaic cell; This moment sun altitude
;
is directly proportional with the angle that right cylinder rotates through, and the angle that right cylinder turns over can be calculated through the umber of pulse that stepper motor sends and obtain.Compared with prior art; Beneficial effect of the present invention is: this apparatus structure is simple; Cheap for manufacturing cost; Operation is simple and reliable, and measuring accuracy is higher, greatly facilitates the real-time monitored to angle of sun rays, the sun light intensity of analyzing ground, raising solar energy utilization rate and ultraviolet power.The present invention can be used for measuring the elevation angle and the position angle of sunray.
As improvement of the present invention; Said control circuit comprises current-to-voltage converting circuit and voltage amplifier circuit; The signal output part of said photovoltaic cell detector links to each other with the signal input part of current-to-voltage converting circuit; The signal output part of said current-to-voltage converting circuit links to each other with the signal input part of voltage amplifier circuit, and the signal output part of said voltage amplifier circuit links to each other with the signal input part of digital signal processor.It is simple in structure, stable signal transmission.
As improvement of the present invention, the said photovoltaic cell that is used to measure illuminating area is the miniature circular photovoltaic cell.Circular photovoltaic cell collection light precision is higher, and obtains easily.
As improvement of the present invention, said digital signal processor adopts the MC56F8037 chip.Further improved the reliability of antijamming capability and system.
As improvement of the present invention, said travel switch is a Hall switch sensor.It is with low cost, and induction precision is high.
As improvement of the present invention, said motor-drive circuit adopts the ULN2003 circuit.It has high withstand voltage, and output can make that measuring process of the present invention is more stable in the high load currents parallel running.
For the ease of guaranteeing continuity of measurement; Promptly in the process of measuring position angle and elevation angle, need not recalibrate reference position; The top of said skewed slot, bottom and cylindrical central axis coplane; 90 ° of the phasic differences mutually of the top of said rectangular channel and skewed slot top, the bottom of said rectangular channel and the bottom of skewed slot 90 ° of phasic differences mutually.
Owing to receive the influence of anglec of rotation precision; Maximum of points is difficult to be captured, and short-circuit current can be similar to regard as near maximal value and satisfy parabolic equation, for improving the measuring accuracy of the anglec of rotation; Near three points to the maximal value carry out parabola interpolation; Promptly obtain through secondary Lagrange's interpolation algorithm, find the solution maximal value by para-curve, concrete steps are following:
1) utilizes system program search maximum of points, be made as (x
1,y
1), x wherein
1Be the anglec of rotation, y
1Be the maximum short circuit current value; Get maximum of points about each a bit, establish its coordinate and be respectively (x
0,y
0), (x
2,y
2);
2) establishing three interpolation basis functions is:
Then interpolation polynomial is:
To
differentiate and to make it be 0, maximum of points
be:
Wherein
;
,
;
3) move according to the measured value control executing mechanism.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is measurement mechanism structural representation among the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the control principle block diagram of control circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is circuit theory diagrams of the present invention.
Fig. 4 be for the first time short-circuit current maximum and sunshine from the fashionable measurement constitutional diagram of rectangular channel injection.
Fig. 5 be for the second time short-circuit current maximum and sunshine from the fashionable measurement constitutional diagram of skewed slot injection.
Fig. 6 be for the first time short-circuit current maximum and sunshine from the fashionable measurement constitutional diagram of skewed slot injection.
Fig. 7 be for the second time short-circuit current maximum and sunshine from the fashionable measurement constitutional diagram of rectangular channel injection.
Wherein, 1 right cylinder, 2 rectangular channels, 3 photovoltaic cells, 4 skewed slots.
Embodiment
The angle of sun rays measurement mechanism of a kind of photovoltaic tracking system shown in Fig. 1-3; Comprise the rotatable hollow circular cylinder 1 that is installed on the base; Have on the right cylinder 1 and mutually disjoint and axial rectangular channel of light-permeable 2 and skewed slot 4, right cylinder 1 inner bottom part is equipped with photovoltaic cell 3, and the photovoltaic cell 3 that is used to measure illuminating area is miniature circular photovoltaic cell 3; Photovoltaic cell 3 links to each other with control circuit; Control circuit comprises the photovoltaic cell detector, and the signal output part of photovoltaic cell 3 links to each other with the signal input part of photovoltaic cell detector, and the signal output part of photovoltaic cell detector links to each other with the signal input part of current-to-voltage converting circuit; The signal output part of current-to-voltage converting circuit links to each other with the signal input part of voltage amplifier circuit; The signal output part of voltage amplifier circuit links to each other with the signal input part of digital signal processor, and the signal input part of digital signal processor also links to each other with Hall switch sensor through optical coupling isolation circuit, and the signal output part of digital signal processor is connected with motor-drive circuit and liquid crystal display respectively; Motor-drive circuit links to each other with stepper motor; Motor-drive circuit adopts the ULN2003 circuit, and step motor drive right cylinder 1 rotates around its central shaft, and digital signal processor adopts the MC56F8037 chip;
90 ° of the phasic differences mutually of the central axis coplane of the top of skewed slot 4, bottom and right cylinder 1, the top of rectangular channel 2 and skewed slot 4 tops, the bottom of the bottom of rectangular channel 2 and skewed slot 4 90 ° of phasic differences mutually;
Said apparatus carries out the measurement of angle of sun rays through following steps:
1) this device is placed on the level outdoors face, it is exposed under the sun;
2) with the rectangular channel on the right cylinder 12 towards adjustment, make its aim at Due South to;
3) send signal control motor work through digital signal processor, motor-driven right cylinder 1 clockwise rotates;
4) photovoltaic cell 3 sends to digital signal processor with detected short-circuit current signal; Through detecting position angle and the elevation angle that angle that right cylinder 1 rotates through can calculate sunray; The angle that right cylinder 1 turns over can calculate (can obtain stepper motor and send a pulse, the respective angles that stepper motor turns over through the circle umber of pulse that needs of calculated step Electric Machine Control right cylinder 1 before this) through the umber of pulse that stepper motor provides.
Because the angle of sunray directly receives the influence of anglec of rotation precision; Maximum of points is difficult to be captured; Revolve the measuring accuracy of angle of sun rays for raising; Can promptly obtain exact value through secondary Lagrange's interpolation algorithm through near three points the maximal value are carried out parabola interpolation, concrete steps are following:
1) utilizes system program search maximum of points, be made as (x
1,y
1), x wherein
1Be the anglec of rotation, y
1Be the maximum short circuit current value; Get maximum of points about each a bit, establish its coordinate and be respectively (x
0,y
0), (x
2,y
2);
2) establishing three interpolation basis functions is:
Then interpolation polynomial is:
To
differentiate and to make it be 0, maximum of points
be:
Wherein
;
,
;
3) move according to the measured value control executing mechanism.
In the actual detected process, the position angle of sunray and elevation angle all detect short-circuit current at photovoltaic cell 3 and calculate when maximum, and the situation of photovoltaic cell 3 detected maximum currents has following two kinds:
A) shown in Fig. 4-5; When the first time photovoltaic cell 3 detect the short-circuit current maximums and sunray fashionable from rectangular channel 2 injections; Sunray was injected in skewed slot 4 when photovoltaic cell 3 detected short-circuit currents were maximum for the second time; The height of establishing the parallelogram fritter this moment is for
; The parallelogram fritter is
in the projection of bottom surface and the phasing degree of skewed slot 4 bottoms; The motor pulses number was
when short-circuit current was maximum for the first time; The motor pulses number was
when short-circuit current was maximum for the second time; The radius of right cylinder 1 is
, and the height of right cylinder 1 is
;
The solar azimuth
satisfy
;? (a)
The angle that right cylinder 1 turned over when then for the second time short-circuit current was maximum is for
°; (2)
with
satisfy the
;? (three)
Small parallelogram height
satisfy
; (four)
(1) (two) substitutions (three) can be got:
Again (five) substitution (four) can be got:
Sun altitude
satisfies
, and calculate
and get final product this moment; To sum up; Solar azimuth
°, sun altitude
;
B) shown in Fig. 6-7; When the first time photovoltaic cell 3 detected short-circuit current maximums and sunray fashionable from skewed slot 4 injections; Sunray was injected in rectangular channel 2 when photovoltaic cell 3 detected short-circuit currents were maximum for the second time; The same principle; If the height of parallelogram fritter is
; The parallelogram fritter is
in the projection of bottom surface and the phasing degree of skewed slot 4 bottoms; The motor pulses number was
when short-circuit current was maximum for the first time; The motor pulses number was
when short-circuit current was maximum for the second time; The radius of right cylinder 1 is
, and the height of right cylinder 1 is
;
The solar azimuth
satisfy
; (six)
The angle
that right cylinder 1 turned over when for the first time short-circuit current was maximum °; (7)
Small parallelogram height
satisfy
; (nine)
(6) (seven) substitutions (eight) can be got:
(10) substitution (nine) can be got:
Sun altitude
satisfies
, and calculate
and get final product this moment; To sum up; Solar azimuth
, sun altitude
.
The present invention is not limited to the foregoing description; On the basis of technical scheme disclosed by the invention; Those skilled in the art is according to disclosed technology contents; Do not need performing creative labour just can make some replacements and distortion to some technical characterictics wherein, these replacements and distortion are all in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the angle of sun rays measurement mechanism of a photovoltaic tracking system; It is characterized in that; Comprise the rotatable hollow circular cylinder that is installed on the base, have on the said right cylinder and mutually disjoint and the axial rectangular channel and the skewed slot of light-permeable that said right cylinder inner bottom part is equipped with photovoltaic cell; Said photovoltaic cell links to each other with control circuit; Said control circuit comprises the photovoltaic cell detector, and the signal output part of said photovoltaic cell links to each other with the signal input part of photovoltaic cell detector, and the signal output part of said photovoltaic cell detector links to each other with the signal input part of digital signal processor through change-over circuit; The signal input part of said digital signal processor also links to each other with travel switch through optical coupling isolation circuit; The signal output part of said digital signal processor is connected with motor-drive circuit and liquid crystal display respectively, and said motor-drive circuit links to each other with stepper motor, and said step motor drive right cylinder rotates around its central shaft.
2. the angle of sun rays measurement mechanism of photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said control circuit comprises current-to-voltage converting circuit and voltage amplifier circuit; The signal output part of said photovoltaic cell detector links to each other with the signal input part of current-to-voltage converting circuit; The signal output part of said current-to-voltage converting circuit links to each other with the signal input part of voltage amplifier circuit, and the signal output part of said voltage amplifier circuit links to each other with the signal input part of digital signal processor.
3. the angle of sun rays measurement mechanism of photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the said photovoltaic cell that is used to measure illuminating area is the miniature circular photovoltaic cell.
4. the angle of sun rays measurement mechanism of photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, said digital signal processor adopts the MC56F8037 chip.
5. the angle of sun rays measurement mechanism of photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, said travel switch is a Hall switch sensor.
6. the angle of sun rays measurement mechanism of photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, said motor-drive circuit adopts the ULN2003 circuit.
7. the angle of sun rays measurement mechanism of photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that; The top of said skewed slot, bottom and cylindrical central axis coplane; 90 ° of the phasic differences mutually of the top of said rectangular channel and skewed slot top, the bottom of said rectangular channel and the bottom of skewed slot 90 ° of phasic differences mutually.
8. the measuring method of the angle of sun rays measurement mechanism of photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 1 and 2, its step comprises:
When 1) measuring solar azimuth:
A) this device is placed on the level outdoors face, it is exposed under the sun;
B) with the rectangular channel on the right cylinder towards adjustment, make its aim at Due South to;
C) send signal control motor work through digital signal processor, the motor-driven right cylinder rotates;
D) photovoltaic cell sends to digital signal processor with detected short-circuit current signal; When photovoltaic cell detects the short-circuit current maximum; Be that sunray is over against rectangular channel; At this moment; The angle that rectangular channel turns over is current solar azimuth
, can record solar azimuth
through detecting the right cylinder anglec of rotation;
When 2) measuring sun altitude:
A) this device is placed on the level outdoors face, it is exposed under the sun;
B) send signal control motor work through digital signal processor, the motor-driven right cylinder rotates;
C) photovoltaic cell sends to digital signal processor with detected short-circuit current signal; When photovoltaic cell detects the short-circuit current maximum; At this moment; Incident ray passes through periphery; Pass highly to a certain parallelogram fritter of h and shine on the photovoltaic cell; If cylindrical radius is r; Sun altitude this moment
satisfies
, and calculate
and get final product this moment.
9. the measuring method of the angle of sun rays measurement mechanism of photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 8 is characterized in that, said maximum of points obtains through secondary Lagrange's interpolation algorithm, finds the solution maximal value by para-curve, and concrete steps are following:
1) utilizes system program search maximum of points, be made as (x
1,y
1), x wherein
1Be the anglec of rotation, y
1Be the maximum short circuit current value; Get maximum of points about each a bit, establish its coordinate and be respectively (x
0,y
0), (x
2,y
2);
2) establishing three interpolation basis functions is:
Then interpolation polynomial is:
To
differentiate and to make it be 0, maximum of points
be:
Wherein
;
,
;
3) move according to the measured value control executing mechanism.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210059049.5A CN102607507B (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2012-03-08 | Solar ray angle measuring device of photovoltaic tracking system and measuring method of solar ray angle measuring device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210059049.5A CN102607507B (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2012-03-08 | Solar ray angle measuring device of photovoltaic tracking system and measuring method of solar ray angle measuring device |
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| CN102607507B CN102607507B (en) | 2014-05-14 |
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ID=46525112
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| CN104897130A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-09-09 | 广西壮族自治区气象减灾研究所 | Method for calculating solar elevation angle by adopting space-based remote sensing, blocking and interpolation |
| CN106094893A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2016-11-09 | 东文高压电源（天津）股份有限公司 | A kind of from motion tracking dual analog amount input photovoltaic module direction of motion control circuit and method |
| CN107290340A (en) * | 2016-04-02 | 2017-10-24 | 吴稷 | The device for judging electromagnetic wave arrival angle based on LCD characteristics |
| CN109406828A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-01 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | A kind of the wind direction meter systems and calibration method in automatic calibration geographical north |
| CN111795672A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-20 | 重庆浪尖智能科技研究院有限公司 | Sun tracking sensing method |
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| CN102818509A (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2012-12-12 | 嘉兴优太太阳能有限公司 | High-precision square annular measuring device for accuracy degree of photovoltaic tracking system |
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| CN107290340A (en) * | 2016-04-02 | 2017-10-24 | 吴稷 | The device for judging electromagnetic wave arrival angle based on LCD characteristics |
| CN106094893A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2016-11-09 | 东文高压电源（天津）股份有限公司 | A kind of from motion tracking dual analog amount input photovoltaic module direction of motion control circuit and method |
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| CN109406828B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2024-01-19 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Anemometer system capable of automatically calibrating true north and calibration method |
| CN111795672A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-20 | 重庆浪尖智能科技研究院有限公司 | Sun tracking sensing method |
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