CN114217643B - Automatic tracking and measuring method for solar direction - Google Patents
Automatic tracking and measuring method for solar direction Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/10—Protective covers or shrouds; Closure members, e.g. lids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
- H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar automatic tracking and measuring method, and relates to the technical field of solar energy. The solar tracking device aims at solving the problems that the angle deviation exists in the solar measurement of the conventional passive solar tracking monitoring device, and the energy utilization efficiency is reduced. The steps are as follows: firstly, controlling the biaxial rotation platform to rotate around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by a pair of first photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis until the light intensity difference of the two pairs of first photosensitive sensors which are arranged along the orthogonal direction is lower than a set standard; and lifting the photosensitive sensor assembly arranged at the bottom of the dark bin by using the power device until the photosensitive sensor assembly receives sunlight, namely locking the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly, and controlling the biaxial rotation platform to rotate around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by the two pairs of second photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis and are closely attached to each other according to the photosensitive sensor assembly until the light intensity difference of the two pairs of second photosensitive sensors arranged along the orthogonal direction is lower than a set standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy, in particular to a solar automatic tracking and measuring method.
Background
The solar energy efficient utilization is not separated from the solar tracking technology, and the photovoltaic power generation is taken as an example, compared with the traditional fixed photovoltaic panel, the photovoltaic panel with the bidirectional solar tracking performance has the solar energy utilization efficiency improved by 33 percent, and the solar tracking technology is more indispensable for a system of concentrating power generation and heat collection.
Currently, there are two main methods for the daily measurement: the method has the advantages that the accuracy is high, but the system arrangement is relatively complex and expensive, and the solar data is obtained directly according to an astronomical calculation formula through longitude and latitude positions and time moments; the other is to build a passive solar tracking and monitoring device by utilizing the characteristics of the photosensitive element, and the solar measurement of the passive solar tracking and monitoring device has an angle deviation of 5-8 degrees due to errors of elements such as a sensor, a rotating device and the like, but the energy utilization efficiency caused by the angle deviation cannot be ignored, so that the solar measurement method with higher precision has higher application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The solar tracking device aims at solving the problems that the angle deviation exists in the solar measurement of the conventional passive solar tracking monitoring device, and the energy utilization efficiency is reduced. The invention aims to provide a daily automatic tracking and measuring method.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for automatically tracking and measuring the daily orientation comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps of installing a solar automatic tracking and measuring device, wherein the solar automatic tracking and measuring device comprises a double-shaft rotating platform, four first photosensitive sensors, a dark cabin, a photosensitive sensor assembly, a power device and a control module; the cylindrical dark bin is vertically connected to the center of the double-shaft rotating platform, four first photosensitive sensors are uniformly distributed on the edge of the double-shaft rotating platform along the orthogonal direction, the connecting lines of each pair of the first photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged coincide with the center of the double-shaft rotating platform, the photosensitive sensor component is arranged in the inner cavity of the dark bin and can move along the axis of the dark bin under the pushing of the power device, the photosensitive sensor component comprises four second photosensitive sensors which are closely attached and arranged along the orthogonal direction, the connecting lines of each pair of the second photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged coincide with the center of the double-shaft rotating platform, the first photosensitive sensors, the photosensitive sensor component and the power device are all connected with the control module, the solar automatic tracking measuring device is initialized, one pair of the first photosensitive sensors and one pair of the second photosensitive sensors coincide with the x axis, and the connecting lines of the first photosensitive sensors and the second photosensitive sensors coincide with the y axis;
s2: judging whether the double-shaft rotating platform rotates around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by a pair of first photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis until the light intensity difference of the two first photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged is lower than delta E, thereby adjusting the gesture of the automatic tracking and measuring device in the daily direction;
s3: lifting a photosensitive sensor assembly arranged at the bottom of a dark bin through a power device until the photosensitive sensor assembly receives sunlight, locking the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly, judging whether the double-shaft rotating platform rotates around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by a pair of second photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis of the photosensitive sensor assembly until the light intensity difference of the two oppositely arranged second photosensitive sensors is lower than delta e, enabling the sun direction of the sun direction automatic tracking and measuring device to lock the sun direction, storing an adjustment angle in a control module, and calculating the sun direction angle at the moment according to the adjustment angle.
According to the automatic sun-tracking measurement method, firstly, the double-shaft rotating platform is controlled to rotate around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by a pair of first photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis until the light intensity difference of the two pairs of first photosensitive sensors which are arranged along the orthogonal direction is lower than a set standard, so that the direction of the automatic sun-tracking measurement device is close to the sun direction; after preliminary positioning, the photosensitive sensor assembly arranged at the bottom of the dark cabin is lifted by the power device until the photosensitive sensor assembly receives sunlight, namely, the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly is locked, the double-shaft rotating platform is controlled to rotate around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by two pairs of second photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis and are closely attached to each other, until the light intensity difference of the two pairs of second photosensitive sensors which are arranged along the orthogonal direction is lower than a set standard.
Furthermore, in the step S1, the top of the dual-axis rotating platform is further provided with a transparent dust cover, the transparent dust cover is a hemispherical transparent shell, the transparent dust cover and the dual-axis rotating platform together form a closed space, and the dark cabin, the photosensitive sensor assembly, the power device and the control module are all located in the closed space.
Still further, in step S1, the light-shielding cover is further mounted on the inner side of the light-transmitting dust-proof cover, and the light-shielding cover includes a cylindrical cover body vertically disposed between the first photosensitive sensor and the dark bin, and an arc cover body disposed at the top of the dark bin, and the cylindrical cover body is integrally connected with the arc cover body, and a light inlet corresponding to the position of the dark bin is disposed at the top of the arc cover body.
Still further, in step S1, the power device adopts an air pump, the side wall of the hidden cabin is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet respectively, the air inlet is arranged below the photosensitive sensor assembly, the air outlet is arranged above the photosensitive sensor assembly, the air pump is communicated with the air inlet and the air outlet respectively through a pipeline, and a one-way valve is arranged on the pipeline.
Further, in step S3, after the automatic sun tracking and measuring device is initially positioned, the control module injects gas into the inner cavity of the dark warehouse through controlling the air pump, so as to push the photosensitive sensor assembly to climb upwards along the axis of the dark warehouse until the photosensitive sensor assembly receives sunlight, the control module controls the air pump to stop injecting gas, locks the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly, and after the automatic sun tracking and measuring device is accurately aligned with the sun direction, the control module controls the air pump to pump out the inner cavity of the dark warehouse, and the photosensitive sensor assembly is lowered to the bottom of the dark warehouse.
Further, the step S3 further includes, using the power device to step back the photosensitive sensor assembly, according to the light intensity differences received by the four second photosensitive sensors, combining the dual-axis rotating platform to perform step adjustment of the gesture of the automatic sun-tracking measurement device, and calculating the sun-tracking angle at this time by using the historical adjustment angles of the automatic sun-tracking measurement device in the x-axis and y-axis in the adjustment process of each stage stored in the control module.
Further, in the step S3, the light intensity difference Δe is 5% -10% of the larger value of the light intensity values measured by the two first photosensitive sensors disposed opposite to each other on the x-axis or the y-axis, and the light intensity difference Δe is 5% -10% of the larger value of the light intensity values measured by the two second photosensitive sensors disposed opposite to each other on the x-axis or the y-axis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a device for automatic tracking and measuring of a solar direction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 to 7 are schematic diagrams illustrating steps in an embodiment of a method for determining a daily automated tracking measurement according to the present invention. The labels in the figures are as follows:
a biaxial rotation stage 10; a dark bin 20; an air inlet 22; an air outlet 21; a first photosensor 30; a photosensitive sensor assembly 40; a core 41; a second photosensor 42; a light-transmitting dust cover 50; a light shielding cover 60; a cylindrical cover 61; an arcuate shroud 62; a light inlet hole 62a; an air pump 70; and a control module 80.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all to a non-precise scale, merely for convenience and clarity in aiding in the description of embodiments of the invention. For convenience of description, the "upper" and "lower" described below are consistent with the upper and lower directions of the drawings, but this should not be construed as a limitation of the technical scheme of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an xyz rectangular coordinate system is established with the height extending direction of the automated tracking measurement apparatus as a z axis, wherein a y axis is parallel to the earth rotation axis (i.e., the axis about which the earth rotates about its centroid), and the daily automated tracking measurement apparatus of the present embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 7, and includes: the system comprises a biaxial rotation platform 10, four first photosensitive sensors 30, a dark warehouse 20, a photosensitive sensor assembly 40, a power device and a control module 80; the cylindrical dark bin 20 is vertically connected to the center of the double-shaft rotary platform 10, four first photosensitive sensors 30 are uniformly distributed on the edge of the double-shaft rotary platform 10 along the orthogonal direction, namely, two first photosensitive sensors 30 are oppositely arranged along the x-axis, the other two first photosensitive sensors 30 are oppositely arranged along the y-axis, the connecting line of each pair of oppositely arranged first photosensitive sensors 30 coincides with the center of the double-shaft rotary platform 10, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 is arranged in the inner cavity of the dark bin 20 and can move along the axis of the dark bin 20 under the pushing of the power device, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 comprises four second photosensitive sensors 42 closely attached and arranged along the orthogonal direction, namely, the two second photosensitive sensors 42 are oppositely arranged along the x-axis, the other two second photosensitive sensors 42 are oppositely arranged along the y-axis, the connecting line of each pair of oppositely arranged second photosensitive sensors 42 coincides with the center of the double-shaft rotary platform 10, and the double-shaft rotary platform 10, the first photosensitive sensors 30, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 and the power device are connected with the control module 80.
Firstly, judging whether the biaxial rotation platform 10 rotates around the y axis according to the light intensity differences received by the two first photosensitive sensors 30 which are oppositely arranged along the x axis until the light intensity differences received by the two first photosensitive sensors 30 which are oppositely arranged along the x axis are lower than delta E, judging whether the biaxial rotation platform 10 rotates around the x axis according to the light intensity differences received by the two first photosensitive sensors 30 which are oppositely arranged along the y axis until the light intensity differences received by the two second photosensitive sensors 42 which are oppositely arranged along the x axis are lower than delta E, enabling the automatic tracking measuring device to point to be close to the daily direction, at the moment, sunlight reaches the inside of the dark warehouse 20 at a certain angle, lifting the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 arranged at the bottom of the dark warehouse 20 by utilizing a power device until the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 receives sunlight, namely locks the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, judging whether the biaxial rotation platform 10 rotates around the y axis according to the light intensity differences received by the two second photosensitive sensors 42 which are oppositely arranged along the x axis until the light intensity differences received by the two second photosensitive sensors 42 which are oppositely arranged along the x axis are lower than delta E, and accurately judging whether the light intensity differences received by the two photosensitive sensors 42 which are oppositely arranged along the y axis are opposite to each other; the solar automatic tracking and measuring device carries out first-stage solar tracking by utilizing the two pairs of first photosensitive sensors 30 which are orthogonally arranged at the edge of the double-shaft rotating platform 10, then carries out second-stage direction calibration by utilizing the two pairs of second photosensitive sensors 42 which are orthogonally arranged in the dark warehouse 20, and the arrangement of the two pairs of second photosensitive sensors 42 which are closely adhered to each other ensures that the measurement of the light intensity difference is more accurate, the measurement error can be controlled to be less than 1 DEG through detection, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of solar measurement, realizing the high-efficiency utilization of solar energy.
Furthermore, since the photosensitive sensor is exposed to be polluted for a long time, so that the solar direction measurement is invalid, as shown in fig. 2, the solar direction automatic tracking measurement device of the invention further comprises a light-transmitting dust cover 50, the light-transmitting dust cover 50 is a hemispherical transparent shell, the light-transmitting dust cover 50 is arranged on the top of the biaxial rotation platform 10 and forms a closed space together with the biaxial rotation platform, the dark room 20, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, the power device and the control module 80 are all positioned in the closed space, the hemispherical transparent shell has better transmission effect on sunlight in all directions outside, and more importantly, the light-transmitting dust cover 50 can prevent the photosensitive sensor from being covered by dust to form an asymmetric error, so that the measured light intensity cannot be aligned with the solar direction effectively under the balanced state.
As shown in fig. 2, the power device of this embodiment adopts an air pump 70, the side wall of the dark room 20 is respectively provided with an air inlet 22 and an air outlet 21, the air inlet 22 is arranged below the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, the air outlet 21 is arranged above the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, the air pump 70 is respectively communicated with the air inlet 22 and the air outlet 21 through pipelines, a one-way valve (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the pipelines, after the sun-facing automatic tracking measurement device completes preliminary positioning, the control module 80 injects air into the inner cavity of the dark room 20 through controlling the air pump 70, so as to push the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 to climb upwards along the axis of the dark room 20 until the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 receives sunlight, the control module 80 controls the air pump 70 to stop injecting the air, the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 is locked, and as shown in fig. 7, after the sun-facing automatic tracking measurement device is accurately aligned with the sun, the control module 80 controls the air pump 70 to pump out the inner cavity of the dark room 20, and the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 descends to the bottom of the dark room 20. The form of the power unit of the present embodiment is merely an example, and is not limited thereto.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 further includes a core plate 41, the four second photosensitive sensors 42 are closely arranged along the orthogonal direction and fixed on the top of the core plate 41, the outer diameter of the core plate 41 is adapted to the inner diameter of the dark chamber 20, the core plate 41 is disposed in the inner cavity of the dark chamber 20 and can vertically slide along the axis thereof, a clamping groove is radially disposed above the air inlet 22 of the inner wall of the dark chamber 20, so that the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 can be suspended and supported above the air inlet 22, and a reserved gap between the core plate 41 and the dual-shaft rotary platform 10 is convenient for the air pump 70 to inject air into the inner cavity of the dark chamber 20 and push the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 to climb.
Still further, as shown in fig. 2, the automatic sun tracking and measuring device further includes a light shielding cover 60 disposed on the inner side of the light-transmitting dust-proof cover 50, the light shielding cover 60 includes a cylindrical cover body 61 vertically disposed between the first photosensitive sensor 30 and the dark chamber 20, and an arc cover body 62 disposed on the top of the dark chamber 20, and the cylindrical cover body 61 is integrally connected with the arc cover body 62, a light inlet hole 62a corresponding to the position of the dark chamber 20 is disposed on the top of the arc cover body 62, and the light shielding cover 60 is disposed so that sunlight can only enter the dark chamber 20 through the light inlet hole 62a, thereby ensuring the measuring accuracy of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40.
The automatic daily tracking measurement method of the invention is described with reference to fig. 3 to 7, and comprises the following specific steps:
s1: as shown in fig. 3, the automatic sun tracking measurement device is installed and initialized, and the moving platform of the biaxial rotation platform 10 is in a horizontal state as an initialization condition, wherein the connection line of the first photosensitive sensor 30 and the second photosensitive sensor 42 is overlapped with the x-axis, and the connection line of the first photosensitive sensor 30 and the second photosensitive sensor 42 is overlapped with the y-axis;
s2: as shown in fig. 4, it is determined whether the biaxial rotation platform 10 rotates around the y-axis according to the light intensity differences received by the two first photosensitive sensors 30 disposed opposite along the x-axis until the light intensity differences of the two first photosensitive sensors 30 disposed opposite along the x-axis are lower than Δe, and similarly, it is determined whether the biaxial rotation platform 10 rotates around the x-axis according to the light intensity differences received by the two first photosensitive sensors 30 disposed opposite along the y-axis until the light intensity differences of the two first photosensitive sensors 30 disposed opposite along the y-axis are lower than Δe, so that the orientation of the automatic tracking measurement device approaches the daily direction, and the first-stage adjustment of the posture of the automatic tracking measurement device is completed in the daily direction;
s3: as shown in fig. 5, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 disposed at the bottom of the dark room 20 is lifted by the power device until the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 receives sunlight, the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 is locked, as shown in fig. 6, whether the dual-axis rotating platform 10 rotates around the y axis is judged according to the light intensity difference received by the two second photosensitive sensors 42 disposed opposite to each other along the x axis of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 until the light intensity difference received by the two first photosensitive sensors 30 disposed opposite to each other along the x axis of the photosensitive sensor assembly is lower than Δe, and similarly, whether the dual-axis rotating platform 10 rotates around the x axis is judged according to the light intensity difference received by the two second photosensitive sensors 42 disposed opposite to each other along the y axis of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 until the light intensity difference received by the two second photosensitive sensors 42 disposed opposite to each other along the y axis of the photosensitive sensor assembly is lower than Δe, so that the direction of the automatic sun direction tracking measurement device is precisely locked, the second-stage adjustment of the attitude of the automatic sun direction tracking measurement device is completed, the adjustment angle is stored in the control module 80 at this time, and the calculated sun direction angle according to the coordinate rotation formula is calculated according to the adjustment angle.
According to the automatic sun-tracking measurement method, the double-shaft rotating platform 10 is controlled to rotate around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by the pair of first photosensitive sensors 30 which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis until the light intensity difference of the two pairs of first photosensitive sensors 30 which are arranged along the orthogonal direction is lower than a set standard, so that the automatic sun-tracking measurement device points to the near sun direction; after preliminary positioning, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 arranged at the bottom of the dark warehouse 20 is lifted by using the power device until the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 receives sunlight, namely, the climbing height is locked, the biaxial rotation platform 10 is controlled to rotate around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by the two pairs of second photosensitive sensors 42 which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis and are closely attached to each other, until the light intensity difference of the two pairs of second photosensitive sensors 42 which are arranged along the orthogonal direction is lower than a set standard.
In the step S1, the top of the dual-axis rotary platform 10 is further provided with a transparent dust cover 50, the transparent dust cover 50 is a hemispherical transparent shell, the transparent dust cover 50 and the dual-axis rotary platform 10 together form a closed space, and the dark cabin 20, the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, the power device and the control module 80 are all located in the closed space.
In step S1, the light-shielding cover 60 is further mounted on the inner side of the light-transmitting dust-proof cover 50, the light-shielding cover 60 includes a cylindrical cover body 61 vertically disposed between the first photosensitive sensor 30 and the dark cabin 20, and an arc cover body 62 disposed on the top of the dark cabin 20, and the cylindrical cover body 61 and the arc cover body 62 are connected into a whole, the top of the arc cover body 62 is provided with a light inlet hole 62a corresponding to the position of the dark cabin 20, and the light-shielding cover 60 is disposed so that sunlight can only enter the dark cabin 20 through the light inlet hole 62a, thereby ensuring the measurement accuracy of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40.
In step S3, the power device adopts the air pump 70, the sidewall of the dark chamber 20 is provided with the air inlet 22 and the air outlet 21, the air inlet 22 is disposed below the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, the air outlet 21 is disposed above the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, the air pump 70 is respectively communicated with the air inlet 22 and the air outlet 21 through the pipes, and the pipes are provided with one-way valves, after the sun-facing automatic tracking and measuring device completes the preliminary positioning, the control module 80 injects air into the inner cavity of the dark chamber 20 by controlling the air pump 70, thereby pushing the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 to climb up along the axis of the dark chamber 20 until the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 receives sunlight, the control module 80 controls the air pump 70 to stop injecting air, locks the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, as shown in fig. 7, after the sun-facing automatic tracking and measuring device is accurately aligned with the sun-facing auxiliary sun, the control module 80 controls the air pump 70 to pump to draw out the inner cavity of the dark chamber 20, and the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 descends to the bottom of the dark chamber 20.
The step S3 further includes, to further complete more accurate tracking of the solar direction, using a power device to step back the photosensitive sensor assembly 40, for example, the four second photosensitive sensors 42 in the photosensitive sensor assembly 40 have obvious received light intensity differences, according to the light intensity differences received by the four second photosensitive sensors 42, combining with the driving motor of the dual-axis rotating platform 10 to complete the step adjustment of the posture of the automatic tracking and measuring device, and through the multi-stage posture adjustment, the error between the automatic tracking and measuring device and the actual solar direction is close to zero, and through the historical adjustment angles of the automatic tracking and measuring device in the x-axis and the y-axis directions in the adjustment process of each stage stored in the control module 80, calculating the solar direction angle at this time.
In the step S3, the light intensity difference Δe is 5% -10% of the larger value of the light intensity values measured by the two first photosensitive sensors 30 disposed opposite to each other on the x-axis or the y-axis, and the light intensity difference Δe is 5% -10% of the larger value of the light intensity values measured by the two second photosensitive sensors 42 disposed opposite to each other on the x-axis or the y-axis, so as to provide a basis for measuring the light intensity difference, and improve the accuracy of the daily measurement, and in this embodiment, the larger value of the light intensity values is preferably 10%.
The above description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any alterations and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are intended to fall within the scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A daily automatic tracking and measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps of installing a solar automatic tracking and measuring device, wherein the solar automatic tracking and measuring device comprises a double-shaft rotating platform, four first photosensitive sensors, a dark cabin, a photosensitive sensor assembly, a power device and a control module; the cylindrical dark bin is vertically connected to the center of the double-shaft rotating platform, four first photosensitive sensors are uniformly distributed on the edge of the double-shaft rotating platform along the orthogonal direction, the connecting lines of each pair of the first photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged coincide with the center of the double-shaft rotating platform, the photosensitive sensor component is arranged in the inner cavity of the dark bin and can move along the axis of the dark bin under the pushing of the power device, the photosensitive sensor component comprises four second photosensitive sensors which are closely attached and arranged along the orthogonal direction, the connecting lines of each pair of the second photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged coincide with the center of the double-shaft rotating platform, the first photosensitive sensors, the photosensitive sensor component and the power device are all connected with the control module, the solar automatic tracking measuring device is initialized, one pair of the first photosensitive sensors and one pair of the second photosensitive sensors coincide with the x axis, and the connecting lines of the first photosensitive sensors and the second photosensitive sensors coincide with the y axis;
s2: judging whether the double-shaft rotating platform rotates around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by a pair of first photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis until the light intensity difference of the two first photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged is lower than delta E, thereby adjusting the gesture of the automatic tracking and measuring device in the daily direction;
s3: lifting a photosensitive sensor assembly arranged at the bottom of a dark bin through a power device until the photosensitive sensor assembly receives sunlight, locking the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly, judging whether the double-shaft rotating platform rotates around the y axis or the x axis according to the light intensity difference received by a pair of second photosensitive sensors which are oppositely arranged along the x axis or the y axis of the photosensitive sensor assembly until the light intensity difference of the two oppositely arranged second photosensitive sensors is lower than delta e, enabling the sun direction of the sun direction automatic tracking and measuring device to lock the sun direction, storing an adjustment angle in a control module, and calculating the sun direction angle at the moment according to the adjustment angle.
2. The method for automatically tracking and measuring the daily orientation according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the top of the double-shaft rotary platform is also provided with a light-transmitting dust cover, the light-transmitting dust cover is a hemispherical transparent shell, the light-transmitting dust cover and the double-shaft rotary platform jointly form a closed space, and the dark bin, the photosensitive sensor assembly, the power device and the control module are all located in the closed space.
3. The method for automatically tracking and measuring the daily orientation according to claim 2, wherein: in step S1, the light-shielding cover is further installed on the inner side of the light-transmitting dust-proof cover, and the light-shielding cover comprises a cylindrical cover body vertically arranged between the first photosensitive sensor and the dark bin and an arc-shaped cover body arranged at the top of the dark bin, and the cylindrical cover body and the arc-shaped cover body are connected into a whole, and a light inlet corresponding to the position of the dark bin is formed in the top of the arc-shaped cover body.
4. The method for automatically tracking and measuring the daily orientation according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the power device adopts an air pump, the side wall of the hidden cabin is respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet is arranged below the photosensitive sensor assembly, the air outlet is arranged above the photosensitive sensor assembly, the air pump is respectively communicated with the air inlet and the air outlet through pipelines, and the pipelines are provided with one-way valves.
5. The method for automatically tracking and measuring the daily orientation according to claim 4, wherein: in the step S3, after the automatic sun-tracking measurement device is initially positioned, the control module injects gas into the inner cavity of the dark warehouse through controlling the air pump, so as to push the photosensitive sensor assembly to climb upwards along the axis of the dark warehouse until the photosensitive sensor assembly receives sunlight, the control module controls the air pump to stop injecting gas, locks the climbing height of the photosensitive sensor assembly, and after the automatic sun-tracking measurement device is accurately aligned with the sun-tracking direction, the control module controls the air pump to pump out the inner cavity gas of the dark warehouse, and the photosensitive sensor assembly is lowered to the bottom of the dark warehouse.
6. The method for automatically tracking and measuring the daily orientation according to claim 1, wherein: step S3 further comprises the step of utilizing the power device to step back the photosensitive sensor assembly, combining the double-shaft rotating platform to carry out step adjustment on the posture of the automatic sun-direction tracking and measuring device according to the light intensity difference received by the four second photosensitive sensors, and calculating the sun-direction angle at the moment through the historical adjustment angles of the automatic sun-direction tracking and measuring device in the x-axis and y-axis in the adjustment process of each level stored in the control module.
7. The method for automatically tracking and measuring the daily orientation according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the light intensity difference Δe is 5% -10% of the larger value of the light intensity values measured by the two first photosensitive sensors disposed opposite to each other on the x-axis or the y-axis, and the light intensity difference Δe is 5% -10% of the larger value of the light intensity values measured by the two second photosensitive sensors disposed opposite to each other on the x-axis or the y-axis.
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| CN202281957U (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2012-06-20 | 陕西科技大学 | Sun orientation sensor |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202281957U (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2012-06-20 | 陕西科技大学 | Sun orientation sensor |
| CN104375514A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-02-25 | 于银龙 | Double-shaft solar automatic tracking power generation device and sensing probe thereof |
| CN204790585U (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-11-18 | 沈阳工程学院 | Adopt digital light intensity collection's biax solar energy automatic following control device |
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