CN114214555B - Cavitation-corrosion-resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Cavitation-corrosion-resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114214555B
CN114214555B CN202111543055.3A CN202111543055A CN114214555B CN 114214555 B CN114214555 B CN 114214555B CN 202111543055 A CN202111543055 A CN 202111543055A CN 114214555 B CN114214555 B CN 114214555B
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metal
ceramic
matrix composite
cavitation
ceramic matrix
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CN114214555A (en
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陈秀勇
杨睿
田野
黄能良
黄晶
刘晓梅
张波涛
周平
淡焱鑫
吴双杰
刘奕
凤晓华
李华
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Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering of CAS
Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering CNITECH of CAS
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Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering of CAS
Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering CNITECH of CAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/06—Alloys based on chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/12—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0005—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a cavitation-corrosion-resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a composite prefabricated part by taking a metal material, a ceramic material and a rare earth material as raw materials; in the composite prefabricated member, the volume ratio of the metal phase to the ceramic phase is 5-95: 95-5; the addition amount of the rare earth material is 0.1-10% of the total mass of the metal material and the ceramic material; (2) and (2) carrying out laser remelting treatment on the composite prefabricated part prepared in the step (1). The introduction of the rare earth material reduces the melting point of the metal-ceramic matrix composite material, improves the laser absorption rate of the material, and improves the cavitation corrosion resistance and the corrosion resistance of the metal-ceramic matrix composite material. In addition, the metal material, the ceramic and the rare earth material can play a synergistic role in a cavitation-corrosion environment, so that the prepared metal-ceramic matrix composite material has excellent cavitation-corrosion resistance and corrosion resistance.

Description

Cavitation-corrosion-resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of metal ceramic composite materials, in particular to a cavitation erosion resistant and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Cavitation, or cavitation, is a phenomenon in which vapor bubbles are generated by a reduction in saturated vapor pressure due to a reduction in local pressure caused by an excessively high fluid flow rate. This phenomenon is common in flow components such as propellers, turbines, etc. The collapse of the cavitation bubbles will produce micro-jets and shock waves with extremely high energy density. As these microjets and shock waves continuously bombard the surface of the material, stresses gradually build up, plastically deforming the material, eventually leading to delamination of the material. The material abrasion caused by the microjet and the shock wave which are cracked by the cavitation bubbles is cavitation erosion, and is one of the main reasons for limiting the service life of the flow passage component. In addition, when the flow passage component operates in a corrosive environment such as seawater, corrosion cannot be avoided, and the mutual synergistic effect of corrosion and cavitation can further cause damage to the flow passage component.
At present, the cavitation corrosion resistance of materials is treated by adding a metal ceramic composite coating on the surface of the materials to strengthen the cavitation corrosion resistance of the materials, and the corresponding technology comprises the following steps: laser surface cladding, laser surface alloying, laserThe surface melting and other laser surface modification technology is based on the high energy laser radiation heat action to prepare different kinds of cavitation erosion corrosion resistant coating on the material surface, for example, Chinese patent document with publication number CN106756996A provides a rare earth modified laser melting and coating layer, on the titanium alloy substrate, Ni60A nickel base alloy powder, B 4 C or nickel coating B 4 C(Ni@B 4 C) And the laser cladding powder consisting of the micron or nano rare earth oxide is used for preparing the rare earth modified laser cladding layer, and the wear resistance of the matrix is obviously improved by the rare earth modified laser cladding layer. However, the method is high in cost and difficult to popularize and apply in the practical process.
The laser remelting is to melt the surface by using laser beams without introducing new elements, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the surface structure. Impurities, air holes and compounds can be released by laser remelting, and defects on the surface of the material are improved. Meanwhile, due to quenching, the material in the range of a molten pool can form a microstructure completely different from that of the traditional casting material, and the mechanical property of the surface of the material is improved.
Chinese patent publication No. CN110699626A discloses a laser remelting method for thermal spray cermet coating for cavitation erosion resistance, the thermal spray is plasma spray or supersonic flame spray, the prepared coating has very good cavitation erosion resistance, chinese patent publication No. CN110699682A discloses a method for preparing cavitation erosion resistant coating by using a composite process of cold spray and laser remelting, the method uses cold spray technology to deposit a thicker cermet composite coating on a substrate, and then the coating after laser remelting and the coating after cold spray form a transition layer, the prepared coating also has very good cavitation erosion resistance, but the two inventions do not study the corrosion resistance of the coating.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of an anti-cavitation corrosion-resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite, which is simple in process, takes a metal material, a ceramic material and a rare earth material as raw materials, and is assisted with a laser remelting treatment process, so that the cavitation corrosion resistance and the corrosion resistance of the metal-ceramic matrix composite are effectively improved.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a preparation method of a cavitation erosion resistant and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a composite prefabricated part by taking a metal material, a ceramic material and a rare earth material as raw materials; in the composite prefabricated member, the volume ratio of the metal phase to the ceramic phase is 5-95: 95-5; the addition amount of the rare earth material is 0.1-10% of the total mass of the metal material and the ceramic material;
(2) and (2) carrying out laser remelting treatment on the composite prefabricated part prepared in the step (1).
The preparation method adopts a metal material, a ceramic material and a rare earth material as raw materials, and prepares the cavitation erosion resistant and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material by laser remelting treatment; the ceramic material is a hard phase, plays a main role in resisting cavitation erosion in the metal-ceramic matrix composite, the metal material mainly plays a role in bonding the ceramic and provides support for the ceramic, and the addition of the rare earth element can further improve the cavitation erosion resistance and corrosion resistance of the metal-ceramic matrix composite, namely the metal material, the ceramic and the rare earth material can play a synergistic role in a cavitation erosion-corrosion environment, so that the prepared metal-ceramic matrix composite has excellent cavitation erosion resistance and corrosion resistance.
The metal material comprises metal Ni, metal Co, metal Cr, Ni-based alloy, Co-based alloy, Cr-based alloy, Ti-based alloy, duplex stainless steel, aluminum bronze or nickel aluminum bronze.
The appropriate metal material raw materials can be selected according to the application scene of the prepared cavitation erosion resistant and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite, and when the application scene is inland environments such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the like, the metal material is preferably metal Ni, metal Co, metal Cr, Ni-based alloy, Co-based alloy, Cr-based alloy or duplex stainless steel; when the application scene is a marine environment, the metal material is preferably aluminum bronze or nickel aluminum bronze; when the metal material is in other special application scenes, the Ti-based alloy can be selected as the metal material.
Preferably, the ceramic material is a carbide ceramic and/or an oxide ceramic, and the carbide ceramic comprises tungsten carbide, niobium carbide, tantalum carbide, hafnium carbide or titanium carbide.
Preferably, the rare earth material comprises a rare earth element simple substance or a rare earth element compound; more preferably a rare earth oxide.
Firstly, the addition of the rare earth material can reduce the melting point of the metal-ceramic matrix composite material, improve the absorption rate of the material to laser and effectively reduce the power consumption in the laser remelting process; secondly, the existence of the rare earth material can reduce the surface energy of a solid-liquid interface and provide more crystal nuclei, namely the existence of the rare earth material can enable the metal-ceramic matrix composite material to form more refined crystal grains in the laser remelting process, and the more refined crystal grains mean stronger surface mechanical properties, namely the addition of the rare earth material can improve the cavitation erosion resistance of the metal-ceramic matrix composite material; finally, the rare earth material can enable the metal-ceramic matrix composite material to have lower corrosion current density and to form a passive film more easily in a corrosive environment, namely, the addition of the rare earth material can improve the corrosion resistance of the metal-ceramic matrix composite material.
Preferably, the ceramic material is tungsten carbide or a mixture of tungsten carbide and oxide ceramic; the rare earth material is cerium oxide or lanthanum oxide; in the composite prefabricated part, the volume ratio of the metal phase to the ceramic phase is 60-80: 40-20 parts of; the addition amount of the rare earth material is 1-5% of the total mass of the metal material and the ceramic material. When the raw materials and the parameters are selected, the metal-ceramic matrix composite material with excellent cavitation erosion resistance and corrosion resistance can be obtained at lower cost.
In the step (1), the composite prefabricated part can be obtained by casting, forging, powder metallurgy or processing and the like, and the processing mode comprises turning, clamping, milling, planing, inserting, grinding, drilling, boring, punching, sawing, electroerosion and heat treatment.
Preferably, the composite prefabricated part prepared in the step (1) is subjected to laser remelting treatment after being subjected to pretreatment, wherein the pretreatment comprises at least one of sand blasting coarsening treatment, rust removal and oil stain removal. The sand blasting coarsening can improve the absorption rate of the surface of the prefabricated member to laser.
Further preferably, the pretreatment method comprises: cleaning the dirt on the surface of the composite prefabricated part by using ethanol, acetone and the like, drying and then carrying out sand blasting roughening treatment by using a sand blasting machine, wherein the process parameters of the sand blasting roughening treatment are as follows: the air pressure is 0.3-1.0 MPa, the sand blasting time is 10 s-2 min, and the grain diameter of sand for sand blasting is 40-200 meshes.
Preferably, the laser remelting treatment parameters are as follows: the power is 200-3000W; the diameter of the light spot is 0.3-3 mm; the moving speed of the light spot is 100-500 mm/min; the protective gas is high-purity nitrogen or argon; the pressure of the protective gas is 0.4-1.5 MPa; the flow rate is 4-8L/min.
The invention also provides the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material prepared by the preparation method of the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material, and the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material has a cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant surface.
The cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material can be used for various flow passage components, such as a rudder, a propeller, a water turbine blade and the like, greatly reduces the maintenance frequency of the components due to cavitation erosion and corrosion damage, improves the service efficiency of equipment, and prolongs the service time of the equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the method of introducing the coating and then carrying out laser treatment, the method of the invention reduces the process steps and can effectively reduce the treatment cost.
(2) The introduction of the rare earth material reduces the melting point of the metal-ceramic matrix composite material, improves the laser absorption rate of the material, and effectively reduces the power consumption in the laser remelting process; and the introduction of the rare earth material improves the cavitation erosion resistance and the corrosion resistance of the metal-ceramic matrix composite material.
(3) The cavitation corrosion resistant and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material prepared by the method has excellent surface cavitation corrosion resistance and corrosion resistance, can be applied to various flow passage components such as rudders, propellers, water turbine blades and the like, greatly reduces the maintenance frequency of the components damaged by cavitation corrosion and corrosion, improves the service efficiency of equipment, and prolongs the service time of the equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a SEM image of a cross-section of a cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a surface SEM photograph of the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a surface SEM picture of the cavitation erosion resistant and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite prepared in example 1 after being subjected to a cavitation erosion resistance test for 10 hours in artificial seawater.
FIG. 4 is a SEM image of a cross-section of the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite prepared in example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated with reference to the figures and the examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the metal material is nickel powder, the ceramic material is tungsten carbide powder, and the rare earth material is cerium oxide powder, and the step of preparing the cavitation erosion resistant and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material includes:
(1) mixing nickel powder and tungsten carbide powder according to the volume ratio of 70 +/-5 percent to 30 +/-5 percent (the required mass can be calculated through theoretical density), adding cerium oxide powder with the total mass of the nickel powder and the tungsten carbide powder being 2 +/-0.5 percent, uniformly mixing, and then pouring into a mold;
(2) the mould is sent into a vacuum sintering furnace, and the powder is fully sintered under the pressure of 40MPa and the temperature of 1200 ℃ for 1 hour; then naturally cooling, and taking out the formed composite prefabricated part;
(3) cleaning the prefabricated part in the step (2) by using ethanol, and after the prefabricated part is dried, blasting sand to the surface of the prefabricated part for coarsening by using 60-mesh brown corundum sand, wherein the air pressure of the blasting sand is 1MPa, and the sand blasting time is 60 seconds so as to improve the absorption rate of the surface to laser;
(4) and then carrying out laser remelting treatment on the surface of the prefabricated part to prepare the cavitation erosion resistant and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material, wherein the laser remelting parameters are as follows: the laser power is 300W, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.5mm, the moving speed of the laser spot is 250mm/s, the laser path interval is 0.25mm, high-purity nitrogen is blown on the side by using protective gas, the pressure of the protective gas is 0.8MPa, and the flow is 6L/min.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the metal material is bulk nickel and flake chromium, the ceramic material is tungsten carbide powder, and the rare earth material is lanthanum oxide powder, and the step of preparing the cavitation erosion resistant and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material includes:
(1) mixing the blocky nickel, the flaky chromium and the tungsten carbide powder according to the volume ratio of 15 +/-5 percent, 55 +/-5 percent and 30 +/-5 percent, adding lanthanum oxide powder accounting for 3 +/-1 percent of the total mass of the blocky nickel, the flaky chromium and the tungsten carbide powder, uniformly mixing, and pouring into a crucible of a vacuum induction melting furnace for heating;
(2) when the temperature reaches 2400 ℃, keeping for 3 minutes, then pouring the molten substance in the crucible into a copper mold, and taking out the formed composite prefabricated member after completely cooling;
(3) cleaning the prefabricated part in the step (2) by using ethanol, and after the prefabricated part is dried, blasting sand to the surface of the prefabricated part for coarsening by using 60-mesh brown corundum sand, wherein the air pressure of the blasting sand is 1MPa, and the sand blasting time is 60 seconds so as to improve the absorption rate of the surface to laser;
(4) and then carrying out laser remelting treatment on the surface of the prefabricated part to prepare the cavitation erosion resistant and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material, wherein the laser remelting parameters are as follows: the laser power is 400W, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.5mm, the moving speed of the laser spot is 300mm/s, the laser path interval is 0.25mm, high-purity nitrogen is blown on the side by using protective gas, the pressure of the protective gas is 1.0MPa, and the flow is 6L/min.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the metal-ceramic matrix composite of comparative example 1 is the same as that of example 1 except that the raw material of the comparative example does not contain the rare earth material cerium oxide powder.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the metal-ceramic matrix composite in comparative example 2 is the same as that of example 2 except that the rare earth material lanthanum oxide powder is not added to the raw material in the comparative example.
Sample analysis
(1) Topography analysis
The results of the morphology analysis of the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material of example 1 are shown in fig. 1 and 2, and it can be seen from fig. 1 and 2 that the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant surface formed by the laser surface remelting process is uniform, flat, compact and has few defects. The whiter part is tungsten carbide and the grayer part is nickel. It can also be seen from FIG. 1 that the surface of the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite is divided into 2 layers and the upper remelted regions have a significantly different microstructure than the lower unmelted regions. The tungsten carbide particles in the upper part become fine and fully compatible with nickel and have fewer defects than in the lower part. The surface structure of the coating is compact, so that the cavitation corrosion resistance and the corrosion resistance of the metal-ceramic matrix composite are greatly improved.
The cross section of the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material of example 2 is subjected to morphological analysis, and the result is shown in fig. 4, and similar to example 1, the surface of the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material is divided into 2 layers, the upper remelted area has a microstructure which is obviously different from the lower unmelted area, the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant surface formed by the laser surface remelting process is obviously uniform, flat, compact and less in defects, and the cavitation erosion resistance and corrosion resistance of the metal-ceramic matrix composite material can be improved.
(2) Cavitation erosion resistance and corrosion resistance test
Firstly, 316L stainless steel is taken as a comparison sample 1, the preform which is not subjected to laser remelting treatment in the step (3) in the example 1 is taken as a comparison sample 2, the metal-ceramic matrix composite material in the comparison example 1 is taken as a comparison sample 3, and the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material in the example 1 is taken as a sample 1.
The method for testing the cavitation erosion resistance and the corrosion resistance specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) polishing the sample 1 and the control samples 1-3 by using 2000-mesh sand paper, and testing the cavitation resistance and the corrosion resistance of the material under the artificial sea water by using ultrasonic cavitation equipment according to the ASTM-G32-2010 standard.
The frequency of the ultrasonic cavitation equipment is set to be 20KHz, the amplitude is +/-50 mu m, the distance between the ultrasonic cavitation head and the surface of the sample is 1mm, the cavitation head is immersed into water by 23 +/-2 mm, the test solution is artificial seawater, and the water temperature is kept at 25 +/-2 ℃.
After the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material of example 1 is subjected to ultrasonic cavitation erosion for 10 hours, the surface scanning electron microscope image is shown in FIG. 3, and the surface of the material has only a few small holes. The volume loss of the material after 10 hours of cavitation and corrosion tests was counted, respectively, and it was found that the volume loss of sample 1 (the cavitation and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite of example 1) was about two thirds of that of control sample 3 (the metal-ceramic matrix composite of comparative example 1), one third of that of control sample 1(316L stainless steel), and one tenth of that of control sample 2 (the preform of example 1, step (3) which was not subjected to laser remelting treatment).
And secondly, taking 316L stainless steel as a comparison sample 4, taking the prefabricated part which is not subjected to laser remelting treatment in the step (3) in the example 2 as a comparison sample 5, taking the metal-ceramic matrix composite material in the comparison example 2 as a comparison sample 6, and taking the cavitation erosion resistant and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material in the example 2 as a sample 2.
The cavitation erosion and corrosion resistance test methods are the same as above, and after 10 hours of ultrasonic cavitation erosion, the volume loss of the material after 10 hours of cavitation erosion and corrosion test is respectively counted, and the volume loss of the sample 2 (the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite material of the example 2) is about one half of that of the control sample 6 (the metal-ceramic matrix composite material of the comparative example 2), one fifth of that of the control sample 4(316L stainless steel) and one tenth of that of the control sample 5 (the prefabricated member which is not subjected to the laser remelting treatment in the step (3) of the example 2).
The results of the cavitation erosion resistance and corrosion resistance tests show that the cavitation erosion resistance and corrosion resistance of the metal-ceramic matrix composite material prepared by the method are excellent, and the introduction of the rare earth element further improves the cavitation erosion resistance and corrosion resistance of the metal-ceramic matrix composite material.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, supplement or similar substitution made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The preparation method of the cavitation-erosion-resistant corrosion-resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing a composite prefabricated part by taking a metal material, a ceramic material and a rare earth material as raw materials;
(2) carrying out laser remelting treatment on the composite prefabricated part prepared in the step (1);
the ceramic material is carbide ceramic; the carbide ceramic comprises tungsten carbide, niobium carbide, tantalum carbide, hafnium carbide or titanium carbide; the rare earth material is cerium oxide or lanthanum oxide;
in the composite prefabricated part, the volume ratio of the metal phase to the ceramic phase is 60-80: 40-20; the adding amount of the rare earth material is 3-5% of the total mass of the metal material and the ceramic material;
the metal material comprises metal Ni, metal Co, metal Cr, Ni-based alloy, Co-based alloy, Cr-based alloy, Ti-based alloy, aluminum bronze or nickel aluminum bronze;
in step (1), the composite preform may be obtained by casting, forging or powder metallurgy.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ceramic material is tungsten carbide.
3. The method for preparing a cavitation and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the composite preform obtained in step (1) is subjected to a laser remelting treatment after being subjected to a pretreatment, wherein the pretreatment comprises at least one of a sand blasting roughening treatment, a rust removal treatment and an oil stain removal treatment.
4. The method for preparing a cavitation and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite according to claim 3, wherein the process parameters of the sand blasting roughening treatment are as follows: the air pressure is 0.3-1.0 MPa, the sand blasting time is 10 s-2 min, and the grain diameter of sand for sand blasting is 40-200 meshes.
5. The method for preparing a cavitation and corrosion resistant ceramic matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the laser remelting treatment parameters are: the power is 200-3000W; the diameter of the light spot is 0.3-3 mm; the moving speed of the light spot is 100-500 mm/min; the protective gas is high-purity nitrogen or argon; the pressure of the protective gas is 0.4-1.5 MPa; the flow rate is 4-8L/min.
6. The cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite prepared by the method for preparing the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite of claim 6, wherein the cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant metal-ceramic matrix composite has a cavitation erosion and corrosion resistant surface.
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