CN114214100A - 一种双笼硼氢燃料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNNC DIIIISSCIXVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N monomethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNN HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 6
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910010277 boron hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 boron hydride compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POCJOGNVFHPZNS-ZJUUUORDSA-N (6S,7R)-2-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-7-ol Chemical group O[C@@H]1CCCC[C@]11CNCCC1 POCJOGNVFHPZNS-ZJUUUORDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000675108 Citrus tangerina Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BSPUVYFGURDFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitramine Natural products CC1C(O)CCC2CCCNC12 BSPUVYFGURDFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SBJYSKYQOWUGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylhydrazine Chemical class BNN SBJYSKYQOWUGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POCJOGNVFHPZNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonitramine Natural products OC1CCCCC11CNCCC1 POCJOGNVFHPZNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
- C01B35/08—Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C01B35/14—Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C01B35/146—Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, e.g. borazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于高能燃料技术领域,具体为一种双笼硼氢燃料及其制备方法。本发明的硼氢燃料主要成份为AB20H18和AB20H19;其中,A作为阳离子,包括铵根阳离子、有机铵根阳离子、肼、配位金属阳离子;阴离子为B20H18 2‑或B20H19 3‑。制备方法包括使用B20H18 2‑和B20H19 3‑起始物与相应胺、有机铵盐、金属或金属化合物等化合物反应,制得AB20H18和AB20H19化合物的固体粉末;过滤除去溶剂,再经真空高温热处理,完全脱除溶剂后获得无溶剂目标化合物。本发明的燃料具有良好的热稳定性和优异的燃烧性能,可做为高能燃料及燃料添加使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高能燃料技术领域,具体涉及新型高能双笼硼氢燃料及制备方法。
背景技术
随着火箭发动机的进一步发展,为了满足其在短时间内产生较大推力的战略要求,开发新型高能燃料成为该领域的重点研究方向。新型高能燃料的特点是同时提高推进剂燃速和能量。现如今,硼氢化合物以其高热值、燃烧释放大量小分子等特点被认为在新型高能燃料领域具有广泛的应用前景。
硼氢化合物是一类富含硼氢元素的材料,主要包括闭式硼笼化合物、巢式硼烷化合物、金属碳硼烷等。当前,已有多个研究报道了硼氢基材料作为高能燃料的制备及研究进展。唐松青等(推进技术, 1983 (2): 35-51)报道了制备十氢十硼酸盐及其与硝酸盐的共沉淀物,可获得 300 mm s -1以上的高燃速。陈福泰等(化学推进剂与高分子材料, 2004, 2(1): 8-11)研究了将十二氢十二硼酸盐作为助剂,从而加速了硝胺的热分解。潘欣欣等(火炸药学报,2019,42(6):614-620)报道了十二氢十二硼酸双四乙基铵(Et4N)2B12H12的点火与燃烧特性,证明其具有较高的热稳定性和较好的点火燃烧性能。中国专利CN108910843A报道了一种新型推进剂燃料的制备方法,将肼或其甲基衍生物与硼烷的四氢呋喃溶液均匀混合,除去溶剂后进行洗涤,得到肼基硼烷衍生物,其肼类的硼氢化物点火延迟时间极短,被认为是一种新型的航天推进剂燃料。美国专利US3791893利用氢硼酸铵盐热解法制备碳硼烷,并将硝基引入到异丙烯基碳硼烷中得到新型含能燃料。
研究发现,硼氢化合物具有优异的热稳定性,燃烧时能产生高热值,且同时可以释放大量小分子气体加速燃烧,适合作为高能燃料开发应用。本发明开发了一种新型的双笼硼氢燃料AB20H18或AB20H19,阳离子A选自铵、肼、配位金属阳离子,阴离子为B20H18 2-或B20H19 3-。该类材料作为高能燃料,具有较高的热稳定性和优异的燃烧性能等优点;同时该类材料制备简便、安全,适用于高能燃料、燃料添加剂,以及燃速调节剂等方面。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有高热稳定性和优异的燃烧性能的双笼硼氢燃料及其制备方法。
本发明提供的双笼硼氢燃料,该材料组成主要成份为AB20H18或AB20H19,其中,A为阳离子,包括铵、肼、配位金属阳离子;阴离子为B20H18 2-或B20H19 3-。
进一步地,所述A选自各类铵、肼、及配位金属阳离子。
该双笼硼氢燃料具有良好的热稳定性和优异的燃烧性能,在高能燃料、燃料添加剂,以及燃速调节剂等方面用广泛的应用前景。
本发明提供上述双笼硼氢燃料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)首先,使用B20H18 2-和B20H19 3-起始物与相应氨、胺、配位金属化合物反应,制得AB20H18或AB20H19化合物固体粉末;
(2)然后,过滤溶剂,获得AB20H18或AB20H19化合物;继续真空高温热处理,完全脱除溶剂后获得无溶剂目标化合物。
本发明中,所述B20H18 2--起始物为H2B20H18水合物;所述B20H19 3-起始物为H3B20H19水合物。
本发明中,所述铵包括:季铵、叔铵、仲铵、伯铵;肼包括:肼、一甲肼、二甲肼;金属包括:钠、钾、锂、镁、钙、锶、铝、锌等;金属阳离子配体包括:氨,胺,肼。
本发明中,所述热处理温度在60-100℃之间,时间在0.5-3小时之间。
本发明提供的双笼硼氢燃料,可以单独使用,也可以与其它材料复合之后使用;使用模式包括直接应用于高能燃料使用,或作为燃料添加剂,以及燃速调节剂等方面应用。
与目前高能燃料相比,本发明的新型双笼硼氢燃料具有高质量热值,良好的热稳定性、优异的燃烧性能等优点,同时该类材料制备简便、安全,适用于高能燃料、燃料添加剂,以及燃速调节剂等。
附图说明
图1 为(Et4N)2B20H18燃料的XRD结果。
图2为(Et4N)2B20H18燃料的TGA结果。
图3为(Me4N)2B20H18燃料的XRD结果。
图4为(Me4N)2B20H18燃料的TGA结果。
图5为(Me4N)2B20H18燃料的空气点火燃烧过程。
图6为(Et4N)3B20H19燃料的XRD结果。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例进一步描述本发明。
实施例1,(Et4N)2B20H18燃料制备
取(H3O)2B20H18水溶液,加入Et4NCl水溶液均匀搅拌反应,过滤溶液后,收集固体产物在100℃真空中加热3.0小时,得到(Et4N)2B20H18。图1为此燃料的XRD表征图。热重分析(TGA)测试(图2)显示,在氮气气氛下,该材料在260 ℃开始分解失重;在空气气氛下,在247℃开始分解,之后持续发生氧化。氧弹量热测试显示该材料有较高质量热值,达53MJ/kg。
实施例2,(Me4N)2B20H18燃料制备
取(H3O)2B20H18水溶液,加入Me4NCl水溶液均匀搅拌反应,过滤溶液后,收集固体产物在100℃真空中加热3.0小时,得到(Me4N)2B20H18。图3为此燃料的XRD表征图。使用热重分析(TGA)测试以表征其热性能,如图4所示。TGA结果所示,在氮气气氛下,该材料在293 ℃开始分解失重;在空气气氛下,在252℃开始发生氧化。图5为该材料粉末在空气中的点火燃烧过程照片,可以看到(Me4N)2B20H18能够在空气中快速点火,持续燃烧,燃烧过程中有硼燃烧特征的绿色火焰。
实施例3,(Et4N)3B20H19燃料制备
取(H3O)3B20H19水溶液,加入Et4NCl水溶液均匀搅拌反应,过滤溶液后,收集白色固体产物在100℃真空中加热3.0小时,得到(Et4N)3B20H19。图6为此燃料的XRD表征图。
实施例4,(Me4N)3B20H19燃料制备
取(H3O)3B20H19水溶液,加入Me4NCl水溶液均匀搅拌反应,过滤溶液后,收集白色固体产物在100℃真空中加热3.0小时,得到(Me4N)3B20H19。
实施例5, (NH4)2B20H18燃料制备
取(H3O)3B20H18水溶液,加入一定量的氨水搅拌均匀,在室温下搅拌反应2小时,将溶液旋蒸除去水溶剂,在80℃真空中干燥12小时得到白色固体产物。
实施例6,N2H4B20H18燃料制备
取(H3O)3B20H18水溶液,加入一定量的水合肼搅拌均匀,在室温下搅拌反应2小时,将溶液旋蒸除去水溶剂,在80℃真空中干燥12小时得到白色固体产物。
实施例7,Li2(NH3)7B20H18燃料制备
取(H3O)3B20H18水溶液,加入一定量的氢氧化锂,在室温下搅拌反应2小时,将溶液旋蒸除去水溶剂,在180℃真空中干燥12小时得到白色固体产物Li2B20H18。使用Li2B20H18与干燥氨气反应,得到Li2(NH3)7B20H18。
Claims (7)
1.一种双笼硼氢燃料,其特征在于,主要成份为AB20H18和AB20H19;其中,A为阳离子;阴离子为B20H18 2-和B20H19 3-。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双笼硼氢燃料,其特征在于,所述阳离子A选自铵、肼、配位金属阳离子。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的双笼硼氢燃料的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤为:
(1)使用B20H18 2-和B20H19 3-起始物与氨、胺、肼、配位金属化合物反应,制得AB20H18和AB20H19化合物的固体粉末;
(2)过滤除去溶剂,获得AB20H18和AB20H19化合物的溶剂化合物;继续加热处理,完全脱除溶剂后获得目标化合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的双笼硼氢燃料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述B20H18 2-起始物为H2B20H18水合物;所述B20H19 3-起始物为H3B20H19水合物。
5.根据权利要求3所述的双笼硼氢燃料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铵选自:季铵、叔铵、仲铵、伯铵;肼选自:肼、一甲肼、二甲肼;金属选自:钠、钾、锂、镁、钙、锶、铝、锌;金属阳离子配体选自:氨,胺,肼。
6.根据权利要求3所述的双笼硼氢燃料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热处理温度在60-130℃之间,时间在0.5-3小时之间。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的双笼硼氢燃料的使用方法,其特征在于,单独使用,或者与其它材料复合后使用;使用方式为直接作为高能燃料使用,或作为燃料添加剂使用。
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