CN114213110B - 具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的制造方法 - Google Patents

具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN114213110B
CN114213110B CN202210051555.3A CN202210051555A CN114213110B CN 114213110 B CN114213110 B CN 114213110B CN 202210051555 A CN202210051555 A CN 202210051555A CN 114213110 B CN114213110 B CN 114213110B
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姚峰
朱超
陈德江
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Ultra High Speed Aerodynamics Institute China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的制造方法。该刚玉陶瓷环为圆环，圆环的径向截面为以截面圆心为对称中心的两个矩形，圆环的周向截面为圆环形，周向对称面上均布有与圆环的内圆相切的N个切向细长通孔，N≥2，切向细长通孔的直径小于等于1mm。该制造方法通过设计制作模具、热等静压制胚、打孔、烧结、预选、磨制、成品检测工艺流程，实现在高硬度、脆性、耐高温的刚玉陶瓷胚体上加工出沿外圆周向均布的、与内圆相切的、直径1mm以下的若干切向细长通孔，能够确保刚玉陶瓷环进气均匀，结构抗冲刷，高温下长期使用。

Description

具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的制造方法
技术领域
本发明属于航天飞行器气动防热地面试验设备技术领域，具体涉及一种具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的制造方法。
背景技术
目前，随着高超声速飞行技术的飞速发展，高超声速飞行器热防护系统的地面防热试验考核对电弧加热设备的运行能力提出了越来越高的要求。片式电弧加热器是实现大功率、高焓、长时间的地面防热试验考核的重要的加热设备之一；片式电弧加热器由喷嘴、前后电极、若干水冷环状压缩片、进气环以及绝缘件串联组装而成，电弧连接前后电极，并通过压缩片间的切向进气约束管状通道，经电弧电离的气体由喷嘴喷出形成高温、高速试验流场。进气环作为片式电弧加热器进行进气控制的重要部件，需要具备绝缘、耐高温、抗冲刷特性，能够将上游高压气体均匀分配成切向进气，形成高速旋转气膜，有效约束电弧。
当前，亟需发展一种具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的制造方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的制造方法。
具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环为圆环，圆环的径向截面为以截面圆心为对称中心的两个矩形，圆环的周向截面为圆环形，周向对称面上均布有与圆环的内圆相切的N个切向细长通孔，N≥2，切向细长通孔的直径小于等于1mm。
本发明的具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.设计制作模具
模具采用耐高温钨钢制作；根据刚玉陶瓷环的成品尺寸，预留模具的烧结收缩量，模具尺寸为刚玉陶瓷环的成品尺寸的130%；模具上按照切向细长通孔的分布位置，预留切向钻孔位；
S2.热等静压制胚
利用模具，在40MPa的压力下，将刚玉陶瓷粉末压制成干粉刚玉陶瓷胚体，并在6小时1350℃条件进行烧结，得到胚体Ⅰ；
S3.打孔
在胚体Ⅰ上的预留切向钻孔位，采用合金钢钻头加工与圆环的内圆相切的若干切向细长通孔，得到胚体Ⅱ；
S4.烧结
将胚体Ⅱ放置在与胚体Ⅱ同步收缩的高温垫片上，在高温烧结炉中，以20小时1700℃条件进行烧结，得到胚体Ⅲ；
S5.预选
采用预制卡规测量胚体Ⅲ，按照加工质量标准，报废加工超差的胚体Ⅲ，保留符合加工误差要求的胚体Ⅲ，并命名为胚体Ⅳ；
S6.磨制
固定胚体Ⅳ，采用金刚石磨头，按照先内圆后外圆的顺序，磨制胚体Ⅳ的直径尺寸，采用高速少量多次磨制方式防止胚体Ⅳ碎裂；利用专用的夹具装夹胚体Ⅳ，采用树脂砂，同时磨制胚体Ⅳ的两个圆环形侧面，降低切向细长通孔的左右偏差；得到胚体Ⅴ；
S7.成品检测
按照成品质量标准，采用卡规检测胚体Ⅴ，报废超差的胚体Ⅴ，保留符合成品误差要求的胚体Ⅴ为成品刚玉陶瓷环。
具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环应用于片式电弧加热器，具有自身绝缘并能够承受高温高压的特点，在约束片式电弧加热器内部电弧、实现片式电弧加热器稳定运行起到关键作用，是实现片式电弧加热器切向均匀进气的主要部件。
具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环进行地面防热试验考核时，在1500℃以上的高温环境下，将高压气体通入切向细长通孔，高压气体在刚玉陶瓷环内壁形成高速旋转的气膜，对片式电弧加热器内部的等离子体形成具有切向旋转气流通道的冷却约束，实现片式电弧加热器的持续稳定运行。
本发明的具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的制造方法通过设计制作模具、热等静压制胚、打孔、烧结、预选、磨制、成品检测工艺流程，实现在高硬度、脆性、耐高温的刚玉陶瓷环胚体上加工出沿外圆周向均布的、与内圆相切的、直径1mm以下的若干切向细长通孔，能够确保刚玉陶瓷环进气均匀，结构抗冲刷，高温下长期使用。
本发明的具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的制造方法有效解决了刚玉陶瓷环的切向细长通孔的开孔、孔偏心、脆性陶瓷磨制等成形问题，预留切向钻孔位降低了陶瓷上细长孔加工难度，优化磨制流程降低了切向细长通孔的左右偏差，制造的刚玉陶瓷环精度高，尺寸偏差小，成品率高。
附图说明
图1为具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的结构示意图（主视图）；
图2为具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的结构示意图（侧视图）。
图中，1.刚玉陶瓷环；2.切向细长通孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例详细说明本发明。
具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环为圆环，圆环的径向截面为以截面圆心为对称中心的两个矩形，圆环的周向截面为圆环形，周向对称面上均布有与圆环的内圆相切的N个切向细长通孔，N≥2，切向细长通孔的直径小于等于1mm。
本发明的具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.设计制作模具
模具采用耐高温钨钢制作；根据刚玉陶瓷环的成品尺寸，预留模具的烧结收缩量，模具尺寸为刚玉陶瓷环的成品尺寸的130%；模具上按照切向细长通孔的分布位置，预留切向钻孔位；
S2.热等静压制胚
利用模具，在40MPa的压力下，将刚玉陶瓷粉末压制成干粉刚玉陶瓷胚体，并在6小时1350℃条件进行烧结，得到胚体Ⅰ；
S3.打孔
在胚体Ⅰ上的预留切向钻孔位，采用合金钢钻头加工与圆环的内圆相切的若干切向细长通孔，得到胚体Ⅱ；
S4.烧结
将胚体Ⅱ放置在与胚体Ⅱ同步收缩的高温垫片上，在高温烧结炉中，以20小时1700℃条件进行烧结，得到胚体Ⅲ；
S5.预选
采用预制卡规测量胚体Ⅲ，按照加工质量标准，报废加工超差的胚体Ⅲ，保留符合加工误差要求的胚体Ⅲ，并命名为胚体Ⅳ；
S6.磨制
固定胚体Ⅳ，采用金刚石磨头，按照先内圆后外圆的顺序，磨制胚体Ⅳ的直径尺寸，采用高速少量多次磨制方式防止胚体Ⅳ碎裂；利用专用的夹具装夹胚体Ⅳ，采用树脂砂，同时磨制胚体Ⅳ的两个圆环形侧面，降低切向细长通孔的左右偏差；得到胚体Ⅴ；
S7.成品检测
按照成品质量标准，采用卡规检测胚体Ⅴ，报废超差的胚体Ⅴ，保留符合成品误差要求的胚体Ⅴ为成品刚玉陶瓷环。
实施例1
如图1、图2所示，本实施例的具有切向细长通孔2的刚玉陶瓷环1的外圆直径为155mm，内圆直径为145mm，N=4，切向细长通孔2的直径为0.8mm。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域。对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，可容易地实现另外的改进和润饰，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。

Claims (1)

1.具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的制造方法，所述的刚玉陶瓷环为圆环，圆环的径向截面为以截面圆心为对称中心的两个矩形，圆环的周向截面为圆环形，周向对称面上均布有与圆环的内圆相切的N个切向细长通孔，N≥2，切向细长通孔的直径小于等于1mm；其特征在于，所述的制造方法包括以下步骤：
S1.设计制作模具
模具采用耐高温钨钢制作；根据刚玉陶瓷环的成品尺寸，预留模具的烧结收缩量，模具尺寸为刚玉陶瓷环的成品尺寸的130%；模具上按照切向细长通孔的分布位置，预留切向钻孔位；
S2.热等静压制胚
利用模具，在40MPa的压力下，将刚玉陶瓷粉末压制成干粉刚玉陶瓷胚体，并在6小时1350℃条件进行烧结，得到胚体Ⅰ；
S3.打孔
在胚体Ⅰ上的预留切向钻孔位，采用合金钢钻头加工与圆环的内圆相切的若干切向细长通孔，得到胚体Ⅱ；
S4.烧结
将胚体Ⅱ放置在与胚体Ⅱ同步收缩的高温垫片上，在高温烧结炉中，以20小时1700℃条件进行烧结，得到胚体Ⅲ；
S5.预选
采用预制卡规测量胚体Ⅲ，按照加工质量标准，报废加工超差的胚体Ⅲ，保留符合加工误差要求的胚体Ⅲ，并命名为胚体Ⅳ；
S6.磨制
固定胚体Ⅳ，采用金刚石磨头，按照先内圆后外圆的顺序，磨制胚体Ⅳ的直径尺寸，采用高速少量多次磨制方式防止胚体Ⅳ碎裂；利用专用的夹具装夹胚体Ⅳ，采用树脂砂，同时磨制胚体Ⅳ的两个圆环形侧面，降低切向细长通孔的左右偏差；得到胚体Ⅴ；
S7.成品检测
按照成品质量标准，采用卡规检测胚体Ⅴ，报废超差的胚体Ⅴ，保留符合成品误差要求的胚体Ⅴ为成品刚玉陶瓷环；
所述的刚玉陶瓷环应用于片式电弧加热器，具有自身绝缘并承受高温高压的特点，在约束片式电弧加热器内部电弧、实现片式电弧加热器稳定运行起到关键作用，是实现片式电弧加热器切向均匀进气的主要部件；
所述的具有切向细长通孔的刚玉陶瓷环的制造方法通过设计制作模具、热等静压制胚、打孔、烧结、预选、磨制、成品检测工艺流程，实现在刚玉陶瓷环胚体上加工出沿外圆周向均布的、与内圆相切的、直径1mm以下的若干切向细长通孔。
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