CN114210994A - 一种金纳米盘的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种金纳米盘的制备方法,首先在离心管中加入十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、碘化物、氯金酸、氢氧化钠和双氧水;混合后其中的双氧水作为弱还原剂将氯金酸还原为一价金离子,接着再加入氢氧化钠溶液,氢氧化钠溶液用来调节混合溶液的pH值,此时在混合溶液中开始形成小的金核,一价金离子在小的金核表面生长,由于表面活性剂和碘化物的共同影响,在设定的pH值范围内,一价金离子在小的金核表面沿着特殊的晶面持续缓慢生长,最终形成尺寸能达到微米级的金纳米盘。整个制备过程中无需加热或降温,无需搅拌或超声,也无需事先制备金纳米种子颗粒,就能一次制备出金纳米盘且其尺寸能达到微米级。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米材料技术领域,具体是一种金纳米盘的制备方法。
背景技术
贵金属纳米材料因其特有的光学性质,在物理、化学及生物医学等领域显示出重要的应用价值。与球形贵金属纳米颗粒相比,各向异性贵金属纳米颗粒例如二维盘状金纳米材料,它的横向尺寸远大于厚度,显示出独特的表面等离子激元光学特性,且其横向尺寸越大则其性能越高,在光电子学、催化及生物化学传感等领域具有一定的优势。因此,金纳米盘的制备极具现实意义。
目前作为金纳米盘的制备方法主要有物理法、化学还原法、光还原法等。其中化学还原法是应用最多的制备金纳米盘的方法。采用化学还原法制备金纳米盘的过程中,通常需要加入表面活性剂来避免纳米粒子的团聚,并加入还原剂还原氯金酸得到一价金离子,在碘离子的作用下,一价金离子在事先合成(种子法)或者原位形成(无种子法)的金核表面沿着特殊晶面生长,从而得到金纳米盘。常用的表面活性剂有十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。然而,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵在温度低于28摄氏度时易结晶,因此在常温环境进行制备过程中需要持续加热来帮助十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶解。采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为表面活性剂通常需要加热或加入事先制备好的金纳米种子颗粒。而其中一种采用十六烷基三甲基氯化铵作为表面活性剂(参考非专利文献:L.Scarabelli,M.Coronado-Puchau,J.J.Giner-Casares,J.Langer,L.M.Liz-Marzán,ACSNano 8,5833,(2014))制备金纳米盘,在该制备过程中也需要加入事先制备好的金纳米种子颗粒。上述方法均需要在制备过程中的温度进行加热、搅拌或加入事先制备金纳米种子颗粒,持续加热或搅拌需要额外消耗能源,增加制备流程工序及成本,而加入事先制备金纳米种子颗粒也需要额外增加一个制备金纳米种子颗粒的过程,因此上述方法均存在制备流程复杂的问题。
另一种采用十六烷基三甲基氯化铵作为表面活性剂(参考非专利文献:L.Chen,F.Ji,Y.Xu,L.He,Y.Mi,F.Bao,B.Sun,X.Zhang,Q.Zhang,Nano Lett.14,7201(2014))制备得到金纳米三角片,其制备过程不需加热,也不需加入事先制备好的金纳米种子颗粒。然而其所得金纳米三角片的边长范围在45~147nm,这个尺寸远小于采用加热或加入金纳米种子颗粒方法制得的金纳米盘尺寸,故采用该方法一次无法直接得到更大尺寸的金纳米盘;因此如何能提供一种制备方法,使其在常温环境中无需加热或降温,无需搅拌或超声,也无需事先制备金纳米种子颗粒,就能制备出金纳米盘,且其尺寸与采用加热或加入金纳米种子颗粒制备的尺寸相当,是本行业的研究方向。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种金纳米盘的制备方法,制备过程操作简单且在常温条件下进行,整个制备过程中无需加热或降温,无需搅拌或超声,也无需事先制备金纳米种子颗粒,就能一次制备出金纳米盘且其尺寸能达到微米级。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种金纳米盘的制备方法,具体步骤为:
步骤一:配制十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶液、碘化钾溶液、氯金酸溶液和氢氧化钠溶液;
步骤二:在离心管中加入十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶液、碘化钾溶液、氯金酸溶液、氢氧化钠溶液和双氧水,轻柔摇动5~10秒,使其混合均匀形成混合溶液;其中,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵和氯金酸的摩尔比为80:1,碘化钾和氯金酸的摩尔比为0.375:1,氢氧化钠和氯金酸的摩尔比为1:1;双氧水和氯金酸的摩尔比为90~243:1;
步骤三:在步骤二的混合溶液中再加入氢氧化钠溶液,调节混合溶液的pH值为6.8~7.3,并在室温环境下静置24~48h,然后将离心管放入离心机中进行离心洗涤,最终得到金纳米盘。
进一步,所述步骤一中十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶液的浓度为0.1M;氯金酸溶液的浓度为5mM;碘化钾溶液的浓度为0.01M,氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0.1M。
进一步,所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0.1M。
一种金纳米盘在可饱和吸收体、表面增强拉曼光谱芯片和催化领域的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明首先在离心管中加入十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、碘化物、氯金酸、氢氧化钠和双氧水;混合后其中的双氧水作为弱还原剂将氯金酸还原为一价金离子,接着再加入氢氧化钠溶液,氢氧化钠溶液用来调节混合溶液的pH值,在pH值为6.8~7.3的条件下,此时在混合溶液中开始形成小的金核,一价金离子在小的金核表面生长,由于十六烷基三甲基氯化铵作为表面活性剂和碘化物的共同影响,在设定的pH值范围内,一价金离子在小的金核表面沿着特殊的晶面持续缓慢生长,最终形成尺寸能达到微米级的金纳米盘。
由此可知,本发明制备过程操作简单且在常温条件下进行,整个制备过程中无需加热或降温,无需搅拌或超声,也无需事先制备金纳米种子颗粒,就能一次制备出金纳米盘且其尺寸能达到微米级。此外,由于其尺寸较大,因此本发明制备的金纳米盘可直接应用或者滴涂在基底上进行应用,从而能有效满足可饱和吸收体、表面增强拉曼光谱芯片和催化等的应用要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明实例1制备的金纳米盘的扫描电子显微镜图片。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1:
步骤一:配制浓度为0.1M的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶液、浓度为0.01M的碘化钾溶液、5mM的氯金酸溶液和0.1M的氢氧化钠溶液;
步骤二:在离心管中加入6.4mL水,1.28mL十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶液、0.06mL碘化物溶液、0.32mL氯金酸溶液、0.016mL氢氧化钠溶液和0.01mL双氧水,轻柔摇动8秒,使其混合均匀形成混合溶液;
步骤三:在步骤二的混合溶液中再加入0.006mL氢氧化钠溶液,调节混合溶液的pH值为6.9,在室温环境下静置48h,然后将离心管放入离心机中进行离心洗涤,最终得到金纳米盘。
如图1所示,实施例1制备的金纳米盘的边长可以达到微米量级,所制备的金纳米盘可直接应用或者滴涂在基底上进行应用,从而能有效满足可饱和吸收体、表面增强拉曼光谱芯片和催化等的应用要求。
实施例2:
步骤一:配制浓度为0.1M的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶液、浓度为0.01M的碘化钾溶液、5mM的氯金酸溶液和0.1M的氢氧化钠溶液;
步骤二:在离心管中加入6.4mL水,1.28mL十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶液、0.06mL碘化钾溶液、0.32mL氯金酸溶液、0.016mL氢氧化钠溶液和0.01mL双氧水,轻柔摇动6秒,使其混合均匀形成混合溶液;
步骤三:在步骤二的混合溶液中再加入0.014mL氢氧化钠溶液,调节混合溶液的pH值为7.2,在室温环境下静置24h,然后将离心管放入离心机中进行离心洗涤,最终得到金纳米盘。
实施例3:
步骤一:配制浓度为0.1M的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶液、浓度为0.01M的碘化钾溶液、5mM的氯金酸溶液和0.1M的氢氧化钠溶液;
步骤二:在离心管中加入6.4mL水,1.28mL十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶液、0.06mL碘化钾溶液、0.32mL氯金酸溶液、0.016mL氢氧化钠溶液和0.01mL双氧水,轻柔摇动9秒,使其混合均匀形成混合溶液;
步骤三:在步骤二的混合溶液中再加入0.01mL氢氧化钠溶液,调节混合溶液的pH值为7,在室温环境下静置36h,然后将离心管放入离心机中进行离心洗涤,最终得到金纳米盘。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种金纳米盘的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤为:
步骤一:配制十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶液、碘化钾溶液、氯金酸溶液和氢氧化钠溶液;
步骤二:在离心管中加入十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶液、碘化钾溶液、氯金酸溶液、氢氧化钠溶液和双氧水,轻柔摇动5~10秒,使其混合均匀形成混合溶液;其中,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵和氯金酸的摩尔比为80:1,碘化钾和氯金酸的摩尔比为0.375:1,氢氧化钠和氯金酸的摩尔比为1:1;双氧水和氯金酸的摩尔比为90~243:1;
步骤三:在步骤二的混合溶液中再加入氢氧化钠溶液,调节混合溶液的pH值为6.8~7.3,并在室温环境下静置24~48h,然后将离心管放入离心机中进行离心洗涤,最终得到金纳米盘。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种金纳米盘的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤一中十六烷基三甲基氯化铵溶液的浓度为0.1M;氯金酸溶液的浓度为5mM;碘化钾溶液的浓度为0.01M,氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0.1M。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种金纳米盘的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为0.1M。
4.一种根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的制备方法制得的金纳米盘在可饱和吸收体、表面增强拉曼光谱芯片和光催化领域的应用。
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