CN114208772A - Rabbit hair or rabbit hair applied to pure rabbit hair yarns, cloth and clothes - Google Patents
Rabbit hair or rabbit hair applied to pure rabbit hair yarns, cloth and clothes Download PDFInfo
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- CN114208772A CN114208772A CN202111566449.0A CN202111566449A CN114208772A CN 114208772 A CN114208772 A CN 114208772A CN 202111566449 A CN202111566449 A CN 202111566449A CN 114208772 A CN114208772 A CN 114208772A
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- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000012173 estrus Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003648 hair appearance Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01B3/00—Mechanical removal of impurities from animal fibres
- D01B3/02—De-burring machines or apparatus
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses rabbit down or rabbit hair applied to pure rabbit down yarn, cloth and clothes, relates to the technical field of rabbit down, and aims to solve the problems that the rabbit hair is limited and is not easy to strip and the strip has poor cohesion and cannot be pulled in the prior art; the rabbit hair can be cut more uniformly and orderly by cutting the hair in sequence, the quantity of mixed hair and broken hair is reduced, the yield is improved, and the rabbit hair can be more orderly and has less impurities by loosening after grading treatment; the rabbit wool fiber of the invention has large strength, fine fineness, low coarseness and low damage rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rabbit hair, in particular to rabbit hair or rabbit hair applied to pure rabbit hair yarns, cloth and clothes.
Background
Rabbit hair is also called as wool, and is spun from fine hair at the root of rabbit hair on a rabbit. The rabbit wool yarn has fine fiber, strong velvet feeling, neat and smooth surface scales, softness and glutinous real silk, and is a medullary cavity layer with a porous structure, so the warmth retention property is 2 times of that of the wool yarn, and the moisture absorption and the air permeability are also superior to those of other natural fiber yarns.
The rabbit hair fiber has the characteristics of light weight, smoothness, poor cohesive force, large static electricity, low strength and the like, brings certain difficulty to rabbit hair processing, and rabbit hair products in the market are mainly blended or high-proportion low-count woolen. The difficulty in forming the rabbit hair fiber into strips and the difficulty in traction due to poor cohesion of the strips are main factors for restricting the production of pure rabbit hair or high-count rabbit hair yarns.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses rabbit hair or rabbit fur applied to pure rabbit hair yarns, cloth and clothes, and the technical scheme adopted by the preparation method comprises rabbit breeding and rabbit hair treatment;
the rabbit breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1, introducing rabbit species, and carrying out quarantine and vaccine injection on the rabbit species; if the rabbit is introduced from abroad, an official veterinarian detects imported rabbits by adopting corresponding detection hand means according to the terms of an agreement according to the agreement signed by the Chinese government and a breeding country during the isolation period and aiming at diseases which can not appear according to the regulations, and provides a quarantine report; determining the isolation time according to the protocol; if the breeding rabbit is introduced from China, a single rabbit house can be adopted to isolate for at least 15 days according to the epidemic situation of the region, the health and other conditions are observed, and measures are taken immediately when stubborn diseases such as virulent infectious diseases or fungi exist;
step 2, grouping the rabbit species which finish epidemic prevention, and carrying out synchronous mating, synchronous farrowing, synchronous weaning and synchronous marketing on each group; each group carries out the same process at the same time, which is beneficial to the periodic batch breeding;
step 3, selecting the rabbits which are shown in the step 2 and are suitable for reserved species, simultaneously marking the ear numbers of the breeding rabbits and separately feeding the breeding rabbits by male and female for subsequent breeding, shearing the hairs of the other rabbits according to the specified age of the day and converting the hairs into groups to be used as hair-producing rabbits for producing rabbit hair, wherein the hair shearing is to ensure that the rabbits in each batch start to grow the hairs at the same time;
the rabbit wool treatment comprises the following steps:
step 4, shearing the hair-producing rabbits obtained in the step 3 once at intervals of 80-90 days, wherein in the early breeding process, the rabbits are bred periodically, and then the hairs are sheared once at intervals of 80-90 days after group transfer, so that the hairs of the same batch are relatively uniform, the hair shearing adopts graded hair shearing, namely, shearing the back, shearing the two sides, and finally shearing the head, the shoulders and the leg abdomens, and because the hairs of each part are different, the rabbit hairs of the same part can be conveniently divided into one group by adopting graded hair shearing, and the hairs in the group are relatively uniform;
step 5, carrying out grading evaluation on the rabbit hair obtained in the step 4 according to four indexes of length, looseness, whiteness and cleanliness, separately stacking according to grades, and then carding; the graded stacking and carding are convenient to be used for different purposes according to different qualities;
step 6, performing wool blending treatment on the rabbit hair obtained in the step 5, decomposing the rabbit hair from a large cluster and a large fiber state into a fiber bundle state under the action of a wool blending machine and air flow, removing impurities in the rabbit hair raw material, eliminating static electricity, reducing fiber damage, adding moisture while loosening, and carding after the treatment is finished;
and 7, further loosening the rabbit hair obtained in the step 6 into a single fiber state, removing coarse hair, short hair and dust impurities in the loosening process, keeping the effective length of the fiber, reducing damage and ensuring that the combed rabbit hair meets the lint-free requirement.
As a preferable technical scheme of the present invention, in the isolation period in step 1, the isolation area environment should be disinfected twice every week, the isolation shed should be disinfected three times every week, and the disinfection is performed by spraying 2% sodium hydroxide solution, so as to prevent the breeding and propagation of bacteria.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 1, in order to relieve the stress of rabbits in an isolation period, medicines are required to be added in the isolation period after introduction to enhance the immunity, and the multivitamins are taken by water on the 1 st to 5 th days in a barn, and the ecotins are taken by feeding or drinking water on the 3 rd to 10 th days; the previous treatment course was repeated after 10 days.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 2, the rabbits are divided into 7 groups to be bred according to a 49-day breeding mode, and the 7 groups are bred in one cycle after 49 days.
The meaning of the 49-day synchronous breeding is as follows:
1) the production potential of the breeding rabbits can be fully exerted, and the continuous stability and high utilization efficiency are kept;
2) through the synchronous propagation, daily trivial work such as mating, farrowing and the like can be classified, time operation is centralized, the work every day every week is fixed, the feeding management work is convenient to realize, and the work intensity is also reduced;
3) the rabbit farrowing time can be unified by the synchronous breeding, and standardization and unification of the whole production processes of rabbit group day age consistency, nursing, weaning, immunity, shearing and the like are realized;
4) the contemporary propagation can promote the realization of specialization of various feeding management works, so that the division of labor of employees is more detailed and more precise;
5) the statistics of production data can be more convenient to be carried out, the authenticity, the scientificity, convenience in time and effectiveness in reflecting the real production level of the data are guaranteed, more accurate and more targeted measures can be taken, and the breeding level is improved.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, estrus is promoted 1-2 days before the contemporary mating in the step 2, the contemporary mating is the basis of the whole process, and the source of the female rabbit for each mating is 18 days after the birth, the female rabbit without fetus after 2 days before the fetus touching and the renewed female rabbit.
The synchronous estrus is the basis for realizing synchronous propagation, so that when a matched female rabbit is checked, the female rabbit which has no estrus and cannot estrus on the day of mating is predicted to be subjected to estrus promotion treatment, and the treatment method comprises reproductive hormone treatment, biological stimulation treatment and artificial light supplement; and realizing the synchronous mating by natural mating, artificial auxiliary mating, artificial insemination and forced mating on the mating day.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 2, the breeding female rabbits are subjected to embryo touch on the 12 th day after the same-period breeding, non-pregnant female rabbits are called out, and the pregnant female rabbits are confirmed to be born on the 29 th to 32 th day of pregnancy; the specific method for molding the tire is as follows: the rabbit was held with the left hand with the ears and neck skin of the rabbit and fixed on the plane with the rabbit head facing the operator. The thumb of the right hand and the other four hands form a 'splayed' shape and extend to the middle of two hind limbs of the female rabbit, the thumb of the right hand and the other four hands gently touch along two sides of the pelvic wall from the vulva to the front, the two sides of the pelvic wall which is big and small in the uterus and can slide and is rich in elasticity are felt, the uterus is expanded, and a spherical object which is big and small in the peanut and is rich in elasticity is arranged in the uterus and can slide, so that the pregnancy is shown; if the entire abdominal cavity is soft, there is no pregnancy.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 2, the concurrent weaning is carried out 35 days after delivery; the day age of weaning is crucial to the survival rate of the young rabbits in the growing period, if the weaning is too early, high death rate occurs after the weaning, and if the weaning is too late, the physique of the female rabbits is easily affected. Especially for the lactating female rabbits in the pregnancy stage, the quality of the newborn rabbit in the next litter is seriously influenced, and the phenomenon that one litter is formed and the other litter is broken is generated. Practice proves that weaning at the age of 35 days is a more appropriate time for young rabbits and female rabbits by adopting a 49d breeding mode.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the classification principle is as follows:
hair length: more than 55.1 mm is a special grade, 45.1 mm-50 mm is a first grade, 35.1 mm-45 mm is a second grade, 25.1 mm-35 mm is a third grade, and less than 25 mm is a fourth grade;
looseness: the pine rate of the superfine and first-grade rabbit hair is not less than 99.5%;
whiteness: the rabbit hair with more than two levels is required to be white;
cleanliness: the impurity rate of the top-grade and first-grade rabbit hair is less than 0.05%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the rabbit species are subjected to centralized isolation, quarantine and vaccine injection when the rabbit species are introduced, so that disease transmission among the breeding rabbits can be prevented, and the health of rabbit groups is ensured; by grouping the rabbit species and carrying out group synchronization mating, synchronization farrowing, synchronization weaning and synchronization slaughtering, the uniform farrowing time, consistent day age of rabbit groups, consistent nursing, weaning, immunizing and shearing processes can be realized, the process management is convenient, and the working intensity is reduced; the rabbit hair can be cut more uniformly and orderly by cutting the hair in sequence, the quantity of mixed hair and broken hair is reduced, the yield is improved, and the rabbit hair can be more orderly and has less impurities by loosening after grading treatment; the rabbit hair fiber obtained by the method has high strength, fine fineness, low coarseness and low damage rate.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a first implementation mode of the invention, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the steps of breeding rabbits and treating rabbit hair or rabbit fur;
the rabbit breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1, introducing rabbit species, and carrying out quarantine and vaccine injection on the rabbit species; during isolation, 2% sodium hydroxide solution is used for spraying and disinfecting the isolation area and the rabbit huts;
step 2, dividing the rabbits which finish epidemic prevention into 7 groups, adopting a 49-day breeding mode, carrying out synchronous mating, synchronous farrowing, synchronous weaning and synchronous slaughtering on each group, wherein each group is separated by 7 days, and one cycle is carried out in 49 days;
step 3, selecting breeding rabbits suitable for reserved breeding from the rabbits listed in the step 2, simultaneously marking the ear numbers of the breeding rabbits, marking the female rabbits on the right ears when marking the ear numbers, marking the male rabbits on the left ears, printing the ear numbers by using ear number pliers, separately feeding the male rabbits and the female rabbits to prevent the breeding cycle from being disordered, and shearing the hair of the rest rabbits according to the specified age of the day to convert the hair into groups to be used as hair-producing rabbits;
the rabbit wool treatment comprises the following steps:
step 4, shearing the hair-producing rabbits obtained in the step 3 once at intervals of 80 days, wherein the shearing adopts graded shearing, namely shearing the back, shearing the two sides, and finally shearing the head, the shoulders and the leg abdomens; because the hair length of each part is different and the quality is different, the rabbit hair of each part is stored separately, which is beneficial to the subsequent rabbit hair grading;
step 5, carrying out grading evaluation on the rabbit hair obtained in the step 4 according to four indexes of length, looseness, whiteness and cleanliness, separately stacking according to grades, and then carding; the subsequent process is convenient for being used for different products or adopting different processing technologies according to the difference of the rabbit hair quality;
step 6, decomposing the rabbit hair obtained in the step 5 into a fiber bundle state from a large cluster and a large fiber state under the action of a hair mixing machine and air flow, removing impurities in the rabbit hair raw material, and adding moisture while loosening to eliminate static electricity and reduce fiber damage; combing is carried out after the treatment is finished, so that the rabbit hair is tidy and ordered;
and 7, further loosening the rabbit hair obtained in the step 6 into a single fiber state, and removing coarse hair, short velvet and dust impurities in the loosening process to improve the product quality.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 1, in order to relieve the stress of the rabbits in the isolation period, medicines are required to be added, the multivitamins are taken by water on the 1 st to 5 th days of entering the barn, and the ecotins are taken by feeding or drinking water on the 3 rd to 10 th days.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the feed amount of the breeding rabbits in the isolation period is changed as follows (the feed amount is in g/d/rabbit):
days of entering house | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10-30 |
Divided into 2 times per day | 50 | 80 | 120 | 150 | 160 | 160 | 170 | 170 | 180 | 180 |
As a preferable technical scheme of the present invention, the estrus is induced 2 days before the contemporaneous mating in the step 2.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 2, the breeding female rabbits are subjected to fetal palpation on day 12 after the same-period breeding, non-pregnant female rabbits are called out, and the pregnant female rabbits are confirmed to be born on days 29 to 32 of pregnancy.
In the process of embryo touch, 7-11 days of blastocysts are easily confused with the fecal ball, the fecal ball is flat and oval, has no elasticity, has unsmooth surface, has large distribution area in the abdominal cavity, has no fixed position and is connected with the rectum; the position of the blastocyst is relatively fixed, and the blastocyst is lightly squeezed by hands, smooth and elastic.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, the concurrent weaning is performed 35 days after delivery.
In the breeding group, when the 35-day-old young rabbits are weaned, the young rabbits are healthy but have small body weights, particularly less than 500g, due to factors such as high-temperature seasons and the like, and can be singly and temporarily left in the cages of the female rabbits for a week, so that more qualified breeding rabbits are produced.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the classification principle is as follows:
hair length: more than 55.1 mm is a special grade, 45.1 mm-50 mm is a first grade, 35.1 mm-45 mm is a second grade, 25.1 mm-35 mm is a third grade, and less than 25 mm is a fourth grade;
looseness: the pine rate of the superfine and first-grade rabbit hair is not less than 99.5%;
whiteness: the rabbit hair with more than two levels is required to be white;
cleanliness: the impurity rate of the top-grade and first-grade rabbit hair is less than 0.05%.
Example 2
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that, in the step 4, the hair-producing rabbits obtained in the step 3 are subjected to primary shearing at intervals of 90 days, the shearing adopts graded shearing, the back is firstly sheared, then the two sides are sheared, and finally the head, the shoulders and the abdomen of the legs are sheared;
as a preferable technical scheme of the present invention, the estrus is induced 1 day before the contemporaneous mating in the step 2.
Example 3
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that, in the step 4, the hair-producing rabbits obtained in the step 3 are subjected to primary shearing at intervals of 85 days, the shearing adopts graded shearing, the back is firstly sheared, then the two sides are sheared, and finally the head, the shoulders and the abdomen of the legs are sheared;
as a preferable technical scheme of the present invention, the estrus is induced 2 days before the contemporaneous mating in the step 2.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes and modifications without inventive changes may be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A rabbit hair or rabbit hair applied to pure rabbit hair yarns, cloth and clothes is characterized in that the rabbit hair or rabbit hair is prepared by a preparation method comprising breeding rabbits and treating the rabbit hair or rabbit hair;
the rabbit breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1, introducing rabbit species, and carrying out quarantine and vaccine injection on the rabbit species;
step 2, grouping the rabbit species which finish epidemic prevention, and carrying out synchronous mating, synchronous farrowing, synchronous weaning and synchronous marketing on each group;
step 3, selecting breeding rabbits suitable for reserving seeds from the rabbits listed in the step 2, simultaneously marking the ear numbers of the breeding rabbits, separately feeding the breeding rabbits by male and female, and shearing the hair of the rest rabbits according to the specified age of the day to convert the breeding rabbits into groups to be used as hair-producing rabbits;
the rabbit hair or rabbit fur treatment comprises the following steps:
step 4, shearing the hair-producing rabbits obtained in the step 3 at intervals of 80-90 days for one time, wherein the shearing adopts graded shearing, namely shearing the back, shearing the two sides, and finally shearing the head, the shoulders and the leg abdomens;
step 5, carrying out grading evaluation on the rabbit hair obtained in the step 4 according to four indexes of length, looseness, whiteness and cleanliness, separately stacking according to grades, and then carding;
step 6, performing wool blending treatment on the rabbit hair obtained in the step 5, wherein a humid environment needs to be maintained during the treatment, and carding is performed after the treatment is completed;
and 7, further loosening the rabbit hair obtained in the step 6 into a single fiber state, and removing coarse hair, short velvet and dust impurities in the loosening process.
2. Rabbit wool or rabbit hair for application to pure rabbit wool yarn, cloth, apparel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the isolation period in the step 1, the isolation area environment is disinfected twice every week, the isolation house is disinfected three times every week, and 2% sodium hydroxide solution is used for disinfection.
3. Rabbit wool or rabbit hair for application to pure rabbit wool yarn, cloth, apparel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, medicines are required to be added in the isolation period to relieve stress of the rabbits, the multivitamins are taken by water on the 1 st to 5 th days of entering the house, and the ecotins are taken by feeding or drinking water on the 3 rd to 10 th days.
4. Rabbit wool or rabbit hair for application to pure rabbit wool yarn, cloth, apparel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, the rabbits are divided into 7 groups to be bred according to a 49-day breeding mode.
5. Rabbit wool or rabbit hair for use in pure rabbit hair yarns, cloths, apparel according to claim 4, wherein: and (3) performing estrus promotion 1-2 days before the contemporaneous mating in the step 2.
6. Rabbit wool or rabbit hair for use in pure rabbit hair yarns, cloths, apparel according to claim 4, wherein: in the step 2, the mating female rabbits are subjected to embryo touch on the 12 th day after the same period of mating, the non-pregnant female rabbits are called out, and the pregnant female rabbits are confirmed to be born on the 29 th to 32 th day of pregnancy.
7. Rabbit wool or rabbit hair for use in pure rabbit hair yarns, cloths, apparel according to claim 4, wherein: in the step 2, the contemporary weaning is carried out 35 days after the birth.
8. Rabbit wool or rabbit hair for application to pure rabbit-wool yarns, cloths, apparel according to claim 1, characterized in that the classification principle is as follows:
hair length: more than 55.1 mm is a special grade, 45.1 mm-50 mm is a first grade, 35.1 mm-45 mm is a second grade, 25.1 mm-35 mm is a third grade, and less than 25 mm is a fourth grade;
looseness: the pine rate of the superfine and first-grade rabbit hair is not less than 99.5%;
whiteness: the rabbit hair with more than two levels is required to be white;
cleanliness: the impurity rate of the top-grade and first-grade rabbit hair is less than 0.05%.
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2021
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