CN114203002A - Manufacturing method of endangered wild animal plasticized specimen - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of endangered wild animal plasticized specimen Download PDFInfo
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- CN114203002A CN114203002A CN202111645634.9A CN202111645634A CN114203002A CN 114203002 A CN114203002 A CN 114203002A CN 202111645634 A CN202111645634 A CN 202111645634A CN 114203002 A CN114203002 A CN 114203002A
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- carcass
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010868 animal carcass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 238000005237 degreasing agent Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000013527 degreasing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000834 fixative Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 110
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000282979 Alces alces Species 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 206010015719 Exsanguination Diseases 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- MGJURKDLIJVDEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;hydrate Chemical compound O.O=C MGJURKDLIJVDEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009897 hydrogen peroxide bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroperoxyl Chemical compound O[O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/36—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for zoology
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
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- Zoology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for manufacturing an endangered wild animal plasticized specimen, and relates to the technical field of biological specimen manufacturing. A method for manufacturing an endangered wild animal plasticized specimen comprises the following steps: pouring an antiseptic fixative into the artery of the endangered wild animal carcass for primary antiseptic fixation; separating skin and body of the animal carcass, and making the skin and the hair into a morphological specimen; immersing the body into an antiseptic fixing agent for soaking so as to completely fix the body; separating viscera from carcass, and bleaching with bleaching agent; soaking the viscera and the carcass in a dehydration and degreasing agent for dehydration and degreasing treatment; immersing the viscera and the carcass in an impregnant, and opening a vacuum pump to ensure that the impregnant continuously infiltrates the viscera and the carcass; and fumigating the viscera and the carcass by using a curing agent, and curing by using a variable-temperature curing method to obtain a plasticized specimen. The prepared plasticized specimen has the characteristics of no toxicity, no smell, dryness and toughness, and has extremely high teaching value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological specimen manufacturing, in particular to a manufacturing method of an endangered wild animal plasticized specimen.
Background
Spoilage is an important process in nature. But the putrefaction of animal carcasses seriously hinders the study, teaching and research of morphological science. People want to use the method for better preserving the remains, for example, before 2800 years ago by the official, ancient Egypt people use spices and medicines to prepare the remains into mummy for preservation; the remains of ancient China emperor use ice, wax, arsenic and mercury, but have great defects. Until 1867 German chemists Hoffman invented formalin solution as preservative to soak remains, the problem of long-term preservation of specimens was not alleviated.
Although formalin solution has good preservation properties, it is a serious carcinogen with a strong pungent odor. The specimen can only be contained in a container, the color is tragic white, the color is changed into blackish brown when contacting with air, the appearance is terrorist, the dislike of people to the human specimen is deepened, and the use is also extremely inconvenient. These problems and people abstaining from the human anatomy from the general public and are difficult to popularize. Until 1978, the creation of a biological plasticizing technology thoroughly solves the difficult problem of specimen preservation which puzzles hundreds of years of the anatomical world, and a new technical innovation in the history of the anatomy is started.
The plasticizing technology is to utilize silica gel molecules to enter biological organism tissues, replace water molecules in the tissues and harden the tissues, thereby achieving the purpose of perfect and long-term preservation of the biological tissues. The preparation of the specimen adopts a vacuum low-temperature technology to slowly replace silica gel, acetone and biological organism tissues when the specimen is infiltrated, the preparation period is 3 times that of normal-temperature infiltration, but the service life is far longer than that of normal-temperature infiltration, and the shrinkage rate is greatly reduced.
The most common treatment at present is harmless destruction after diagnosis of anatomical diseases by veterinarians, so that precious resources cannot be utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing an endangered wild animal plasticized specimen, which makes full use of the carcass of the endangered wild animal to prepare the plasticized specimen which is nontoxic, tasteless and stable in performance.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The embodiment of the application provides a manufacturing method of an endangered wild animal plasticized specimen, which comprises the following steps:
pouring: filling an antiseptic fixative into the artery of the animal corpse for primary antiseptic fixation;
separation: separating skin and body of the animal carcass, and making the skin and the hair into a morphological specimen;
and (3) corrosion prevention: immersing the body into an antiseptic fixing agent for soaking so as to completely fix the body;
bleaching: separating viscera from carcass, and bleaching with bleaching agent;
dewatering and degreasing: soaking the viscera and the carcass in a dehydration and degreasing agent for dehydration and degreasing treatment;
infiltration: immersing the viscera and the carcass in an impregnant, and opening a vacuum pump to ensure that the impregnant continuously infiltrates the viscera and the carcass;
and (3) curing: and fumigating the viscera and the carcass by using a curing agent, and curing by using a variable-temperature curing method to obtain a plasticized specimen.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of performing primary perfusion and fixation, separation of skin and hair bodies, anticorrosion fixation, separation and bleaching of viscera and carcasses, dehydration and degreasing, vacuum impregnation and variable-temperature solidification on carcasses of endangered wild animals, impregnating a biological specimen by adopting an active high-molecular polymer to replace water and lipid in biological tissues, and preparing the plasticized specimen of the endangered wild animals, wherein the plasticized specimen can be directly exposed in the air for display, is nontoxic, tasteless, dry and has certain toughness, does not need special maintenance, and the surface of the plasticized specimen keeps the original state. Because the plasticized specimen is dissected carefully and accurately, organs, arteriovenous vessels, nerves, positions and shapes can be watched in a short distance, the position of the structure can be accurately determined, and meanwhile, the self-learning is facilitated, and the method has high teaching value and practical significance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a plasticized specimen from a young elk body prepared in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plasticized specimen of the digestive tract of young elk prepared in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plasticized sample of young elk kidney prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plasticized sample of young elk heart prepared according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a specimen of whole plasticized adult elk viscera prepared in accordance with example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a plasticized adult elk head spinal specimen prepared in accordance with example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a plasticized specimen of adult elk limbs prepared in accordance with example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an elk (female) coat morphology specimen prepared in accordance with example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a line graph showing the effect of different curing treatments on specimen hardness in Experimental example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
A method for manufacturing an endangered wild animal plasticized specimen comprises the following steps:
pouring: filling an antiseptic fixative into the artery of the animal corpse for primary antiseptic fixation;
separation: separating skin and body of the animal carcass, and making the skin and the hair into a morphological specimen;
and (3) corrosion prevention: immersing the body into an antiseptic fixing agent for soaking so as to completely fix the body;
bleaching: separating viscera from carcass, and bleaching with bleaching agent;
dewatering and degreasing: soaking the viscera and the carcass in a dehydration and degreasing agent for dehydration and degreasing treatment;
infiltration: immersing the viscera and the carcass in an impregnant, and opening a vacuum pump to ensure that the impregnant continuously infiltrates the viscera and the carcass;
and (3) curing: and fumigating the viscera and the carcass by using a curing agent, and curing by using a variable-temperature curing method to obtain a plasticized specimen.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the perfusion agent in the perfusion step adopts a picric acid saturated aqueous solution, formaldehyde and glacial acetic acid in a volume ratio of (10-15): (5-7): 1, and preparing the composition. The fixative has the advantages of rapid and uniform penetrating power and small shrinkage deformation, wherein picric acid can precipitate protein and soften tissue, and picric acid and acetic acid can be used together to preserve tissue structure.
In some embodiments of the present invention, before the perfusion step, an anticoagulant is further injected into the animal carcass, wherein the anticoagulant is prepared from sodium citrate, citric acid, sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate and water according to a volume ratio of (3-4): (0.01-0.1): (0.1-0.3): (0.1-0.3): 100, and preparing the product.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the soaking time in the corrosion prevention step is 30 to 200 days, and the soaking temperature is 5 to 10 ℃. Preferably 180 days, the best preservative effect can be achieved. In addition, the soaking time is determined according to the size of the animal body to be soaked, for example, the soaking time of a single organ is short (normally 30 to 60 days), and the soaking time of the whole body is long (normally 150 to 200 days).
In some embodiments of the present invention, the bleaching agent used in the bleaching step comprises 5 to 10% by mass of hydrogen peroxide and 2 to 2.5% by mass of ammonia water, and the bleaching time is 3 to 5 days. The hydroxide ions contained in the ammonia water can promote the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to obtain hydroperoxyl radical ions, thereby promoting the bleaching effect. Bleaching at 25 deg.C for 5 days. The time for raising the temperature can be shortened, and the time for lowering the temperature needs to be prolonged. Generally speaking, the time is properly increased or decreased according to the color bleaching condition of the specimen.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned dehydration degreasing agent in the dehydration degreasing step is cyclohexanone.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of dehydrating and degreasing includes a dehydrating process and a degreasing process, wherein the dehydrating process specifically includes: at the temperature of-28 to-20 ℃, firstly immersing the viscera and the carcass in 85 percent cyclohexanone for dehydration, replacing the cyclohexanone once every 2 to 3 weeks until the concentration of the cyclohexanone is the same in two consecutive tests, namely replacing the cyclohexanone with higher concentration until the concentration of the cyclohexanone reaches 98 percent, and then raising the temperature for degreasing treatment.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the degreasing treatment specifically includes: at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, firstly soaking viscera and carcass with 98% cyclohexanone, and replacing the cyclohexanone once every 2-3 weeks until the concentration of the cyclohexanone is the same in two consecutive tests, namely replacing the cyclohexanone with higher concentration until the concentration of the cyclohexanone reaches 99.9%.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the infiltrant in the infiltration step is silicone rubber, and the infiltration step specifically includes: firstly, immersing the viscera and the carcass in an impregnant at the pressure of-70 to-80 KPa, and adjusting the pressure to-100 to-150 KPa after 5 to 7 days until no bubbles are generated.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the variable temperature curing method in the curing step specifically includes: curing for 7-10 days at 25-28 ℃, and then curing for 25-30 days at 45-50 ℃. The specimen is cured for 7-10 days at normal temperature (25-28 ℃), so that the surfaces and the interiors of the viscera and the carcass can be basically cured, the hardness reaches the maximum value after 10 days at the temperature, the temperature is increased to 45-50 ℃, the hardening of the viscera and the carcass can be further promoted, and the viscera and the carcass can be cooled to room temperature to have better curing effect.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
A method for manufacturing an endangered wild animal plasticized specimen comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of fixing a fresh dead animal carcass on a dissecting table, weighing 3.5g of sodium citrate, 0.02g of citric acid, 0.2g of sodium oxalate, 0.3g of potassium oxalate and 100g of water to prepare a blood anticoagulant, injecting the blood anticoagulant into the animal carcass through a carotid artery, and then cutting a jugular vein to bleed.
After bloodletting and cleaning, measuring 500mL of picric acid saturated aqueous solution, 70mL of formalin and 10mL of glacial acetic acid to prepare antiseptic fixing solution, infusing the antiseptic fixing agent into the artery of the animal carcass, spreading the limbs of the carcass, sealing all the artery and vein incisions after the infusion is finished, suturing the skin, and carrying out primary antiseptic fixation on the animal carcass.
Separating the skin and the body of the animal carcass after preliminary corrosion prevention and fixation, peeling the complete skin, and manufacturing the skin and the hair according to the manufacturing requirement of the morphological specimen to manufacture the morphological specimen;
soaking the body stripped of the fur in an antiseptic fixing agent for 180 days at the temperature of 8 ℃ to completely fix the body;
separating viscera and carcasses from the fixed carcasses, preparing a bleaching agent according to the mass ratio of 10% of hydrogen peroxide to 2% of ammonia water, soaking the viscera and carcasses in the bleaching agent for bleaching for 5 days to obtain bleached viscera and carcasses;
immersing bleached viscera and carcasses in 85% cyclohexanone at the temperature of-28 to-20 ℃ for dehydration, replacing the cyclohexanone once every 2 weeks until the concentration of the cyclohexanone is the same continuously measured twice, namely replacing the cyclohexanone with higher concentration, wherein the concentration gradient of the cyclohexanone is 85%, 87%, 89%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 96% and 98%, when the concentration of the cyclohexanone is 98%, raising the temperature to 20 ℃ for continuous soaking, replacing the cyclohexanone once every 2 weeks until the concentration of the cyclohexanone is the same continuously measured twice, namely replacing the cyclohexanone with higher concentration, the concentration gradient of the cyclohexanone is 98%, 98.5%, 98.8%, 99%, 99.3%, 99.5%, 99.7% and 99.9%, and when the concentration of the cyclohexanone is the same continuously measured twice, the dehydration and degreasing treatment is finished.
Immersing the dehydrated and degreased viscera and the body in S-113 silicon rubber, starting a vacuum pump to ensure that the pressure in a vacuum chamber is-80 KPa, soaking for 7 days, then slowly adjusting the pressure to-150 KPa, and continuously infiltrating the viscera and the body by an infiltrant until no air bubbles are generated;
finely trimming the soaked viscera and carcasses, accelerating the volatilization of penetrants on the surfaces of the viscera and the carcasses by using an air pump, transferring the penetrants into a curing reactor, uniformly dispersing curing agents on the surfaces of the viscera and the carcasses by using a fumigation method, opening a temperature controller, adjusting the temperature to be 25 ℃, curing for 7 days, raising the temperature to be 45 ℃, and curing for 30 days to finally obtain a plasticized specimen.
The plasticized specimen for the body of the young elk in this example is shown in fig. 1, the plasticized specimen for the digestive tract of the young elk is shown in fig. 2, the plasticized specimen for the kidney of the young elk is shown in fig. 3, and the plasticized specimen for the heart of the young elk is shown in fig. 4. From FIGS. 1-4 we can see that there is good plasticization of young elk carcasses.
Example 2
A method for manufacturing an endangered wild animal plasticized specimen comprises the following steps:
fixing a fresh dead animal carcass on a dissecting table, then weighing 4g of sodium citrate, 0.01g of citric acid, 0.3g of sodium oxalate, 0.1g of potassium oxalate and 100g of water to prepare a blood anticoagulant, injecting the blood anticoagulant into the animal carcass through a carotid artery, and then cutting a jugular vein for exsanguination.
After bloodletting and cleaning, weighing 750mL of picric acid saturated aqueous solution, 50mL of formalin and 10mL of glacial acetic acid to prepare antiseptic fixing solution, infusing the antiseptic fixing agent into arteries of animal carcasses, spreading four limbs of the carcasses, sealing all the arteries and vein incisions after infusion is finished, suturing skin, and carrying out primary antiseptic fixing on the animal carcasses.
Separating the skin and the body of the animal carcass after preliminary corrosion prevention and fixation, peeling the complete skin, and manufacturing the skin and the hair according to the manufacturing requirement of the morphological specimen to manufacture the morphological specimen;
soaking the body stripped of the fur in an antiseptic fixing agent for 100 days at the temperature of 10 ℃ to completely fix the body;
separating viscera and carcass from each other, preparing a bleaching agent according to the proportion of 8% hydrogen peroxide and 2.5% ammonia water, and soaking the viscera and carcass in the bleaching agent for bleaching for 3 days to obtain bleached viscera and carcass;
immersing bleached viscera and carcasses in 85% cyclohexanone at the temperature of-28 to-20 ℃ for dehydration, replacing the cyclohexanone once every 3 weeks until the concentration of the cyclohexanone is the same continuously measured twice, namely replacing the cyclohexanone with higher concentration, wherein the concentration gradient of the cyclohexanone is 85%, 87%, 89%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 96% and 98%, when the concentration of the cyclohexanone is 98%, raising the temperature to 20 ℃ for continuous soaking, replacing the cyclohexanone once every 2 weeks until the concentration of the cyclohexanone is the same continuously measured twice, namely replacing the cyclohexanone with higher concentration, the concentration gradient of the cyclohexanone is 98%, 98.5%, 98.8%, 99%, 99.3%, 99.5%, 99.7% and 99.9%, and when the concentration of the cyclohexanone is the same continuously measured twice, the dehydration and degreasing treatment is finished.
Immersing the dehydrated and degreased viscera and the body in S-113 silicon rubber, starting a vacuum pump to ensure that the pressure in a vacuum chamber is-80 KPa, soaking for 5 days, then slowly adjusting the pressure to-100 KPa, and continuously infiltrating the viscera and the body by an infiltrant until no air bubbles are generated;
finely trimming the soaked viscera and carcasses, accelerating the volatilization of penetrants on the surfaces of the viscera and the carcasses by using an air pump, transferring the penetrants into a curing reactor, uniformly dispersing curing agents on the surfaces of the viscera and the carcasses by using a fumigation method, opening a temperature controller, adjusting the temperature to be 28 ℃, curing for 10 days, raising the temperature to 50 ℃, curing for 25 days, and finally obtaining a plasticized specimen.
The whole plasticized specimen of the internal organs of the adult elk in the present example is shown in fig. 5, the plasticized specimen of the head and the spine of another adult elk is shown in fig. 6, and the plasticized specimen of the limbs of the adult elk is shown in fig. 7. From fig. 5-7 we can see that the preparation method can well plasticize adult elk animal carcasses.
Example 3
A method for manufacturing an endangered wild animal plasticized specimen comprises the following steps:
taking a dead animal carcass, sterilizing, washing away residues on the carcass with water, measuring 750mL of picric acid saturated aqueous solution, 50mL of formaldehyde water and 10mL of glacial acetic acid to prepare antiseptic fixing liquid, filling an antiseptic fixing agent into arteries of the animal carcass, opening limbs of the carcass, closing all arteries and vein incisions after filling is finished, suturing skin, and performing primary antiseptic fixing on the animal carcass.
Separating the skin and the body of the animal carcass after preliminary corrosion prevention and fixation, peeling off the skin and the hair, and manufacturing the skin and the hair into morphological specimens according to morphological specimen manufacturing requirements;
soaking the body stripped of fur in antiseptic fixing agent at 6 deg.C for 200 days to fix the body completely;
separating viscera and carcass from each other, preparing a bleaching agent according to the proportion of 10% hydrogen peroxide and 2.5% ammonia water, and soaking the viscera and carcass in the bleaching agent for bleaching for 3 days to obtain bleached viscera and carcass;
immersing bleached viscera and carcasses in 85% cyclohexanone at the temperature of-28 to-20 ℃ for dehydration, replacing the cyclohexanone once every 3 weeks until the concentration of the cyclohexanone is the same continuously measured twice, namely replacing the cyclohexanone with higher concentration, wherein the concentration gradient of the cyclohexanone is 85%, 87%, 89%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 96% and 98%, when the concentration of the cyclohexanone is 98%, raising the temperature to 20 ℃ for continuous soaking, replacing the cyclohexanone once every 2 weeks until the concentration of the cyclohexanone is the same continuously measured twice, namely replacing the cyclohexanone with higher concentration, the concentration gradient of the cyclohexanone is 98%, 98.5%, 98.8%, 99%, 99.3%, 99.5%, 99.7% and 99.9%, and when the concentration of the cyclohexanone is the same continuously measured twice, the dehydration and degreasing treatment is finished.
Immersing the dehydrated and degreased viscera and the body in S-113 silicon rubber, starting a vacuum pump to ensure that the pressure in a vacuum chamber is-75 KPa, soaking for 5 days, then slowly adjusting the pressure to-120 KPa, and continuously infiltrating the viscera and the body by an infiltrant until no air bubbles are generated;
finely trimming the soaked viscera and carcasses, accelerating the volatilization of penetrants on the surfaces of the viscera and the carcasses by using an air pump, transferring the penetrants into a curing reactor, uniformly dispersing curing agents on the surfaces of the viscera and the carcasses by using a fumigation method, opening a temperature controller, adjusting the temperature to be 28 ℃, curing for 10 days, raising the temperature to 50 ℃, curing for 25 days, and finally obtaining a plasticized specimen.
The prepared elk (female) coat morphology specimen of this example is shown in fig. 8, from which it can be seen that the elk coat was well plasticized.
Experimental example 1
This example explores the effect of different bleaching agents on bleaching effectiveness.
In this embodiment, 5 experimental groups are provided, wherein the bleaching agent in experimental group 1 contains 5% hydrogen peroxide; the bleaching agent in the experimental group 2 contains 10% hydrogen peroxide; the bleaching agent in the experimental group 3 contains 20% hydrogen peroxide; the bleaching agent in test group 4 contained 5% hydrogen peroxide and 2% ammonia, and the bleaching agent in test group 5 contained 5% hydrogen peroxide and 3% ammonia. Bleaching the fresh dead animal carcasses by adopting bleaching agents of experimental groups 1-5 respectively, and counting the CIELAB chroma of different experimental groups after bleaching for 3h, 5h and 8h (wherein the larger the L, the more the color tends to be white), and the results are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
| Experimental group | L value before bleaching | L value after 3h bleaching | L value after 5h bleaching | L value after bleaching for |
| 1 | 13.58 | 21.35 | 26.15 | 27.32 |
| 2 | 13.67 | 28.85 | 32.56 | 35.64 |
| 3 | 14.12 | 35.17 | 37.14 | 38.58 |
| 4 | 13.52 | 32.28 | 40.66 | 42.85 |
| 5 | 13.49 | 33.86 | 39.85 | 43.18 |
As can be seen from Table 1, in the experimental groups 1-3, as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the bleaching agent increases, the bleaching rate is increased, and the final L value also increases. The experiment group 4 adds 2% ammonia water on the basis of the experiment group 1, the bleaching rate is greatly increased, and the bleaching L value reached after 5h and 8h is also increased, which shows that the ammonia water has the effect of promoting hydrogen peroxide bleaching. Compared with the experimental group 4, the experimental group 5 has the advantages that the content of the ammonia water is increased, the bleaching capacity of the ammonia water is higher than that of the experimental group 4 in 3h, but the bleaching is not obvious after 5h and 8h, and the bleached carcass in the experimental group 5 is more brittle and has tiny cracks, which shows that the surface morphology of the carcass may be adversely affected after the content of the ammonia water is increased. Therefore, the effect of the experimental group 4 is better by comprehensive comparison.
Experimental example 2
This example explores the effect of different curing operations on specimen hardness.
In the experimental example, 3 experimental groups are set, wherein in the experimental group 1, viscera are cured for 40 days at normal temperature (25 ℃), in the experimental group 2, viscera are cured for 40 days at heating temperature (45 ℃), and in the experimental group 3, variable-temperature curing is adopted, namely, viscera are cured for 10 days at 25 ℃, and then the temperature is raised to 45 ℃ for curing for 25 days; the remaining reaction conditions were the same as in example 1. The cured hardness of the specimens was measured on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40, respectively.
As shown in fig. 9, it can be seen from fig. 9 that the hardness of each of the experimental groups 1 and 3 is not as high as that of the cured object obtained by varying the temperature, both of which are cured at normal temperature and at high temperature.
In conclusion, the plasticized specimen of the endangered wild animal is prepared by performing primary pouring and fixing, skin and hair body separation, corrosion prevention and fixing, viscera and body separation and bleaching, dehydration and degreasing, vacuum impregnation and variable temperature solidification on the carcass of the endangered wild animal, impregnating the biological specimen by using the active polymer to replace water and lipid in biological tissues, and can be directly exposed in the air for display. Because the plasticized specimen is dissected carefully and accurately, organs, arteriovenous vessels, nerves, positions and shapes can be watched in a short distance, the position of the structure can be accurately determined, and meanwhile, the self-learning is facilitated, and the method has high teaching value and practical significance.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The manufacturing method of the plasticized specimen of the endangered wild animal is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
pouring: pouring an antiseptic fixative into the artery of the endangered wild animal carcass for primary antiseptic fixation;
separation: separating skin and body of the animal carcass, and making the skin and the hair into a morphological specimen;
and (3) corrosion prevention: immersing the body into an antiseptic fixing agent for soaking so as to completely fix the body;
bleaching: separating viscera from carcass, and bleaching with bleaching agent;
dewatering and degreasing: soaking the viscera and the carcass in a dehydration and degreasing agent for dehydration and degreasing treatment;
infiltration: immersing the viscera and the carcass in an impregnant, and opening a vacuum pump to ensure that the impregnant continuously infiltrates the viscera and the carcass;
and (3) curing: and fumigating the viscera and the carcass by using a curing agent, and curing by using a variable-temperature curing method to obtain a plasticized specimen.
2. The method for manufacturing the plasticized specimen for the endangered wild animals according to claim 1, wherein the perfusion agent in the perfusion step is a picric acid saturated aqueous solution, formaldehyde and glacial acetic acid in a volume ratio of (10-15): (5-7): 1, and preparing the composition.
3. The method for manufacturing the plasticized specimen for the endangered wild animals according to claim 1, wherein an anticoagulant is further injected into the animal carcass before the filling step, and the anticoagulant is prepared from sodium citrate, citric acid, sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate and water according to a volume ratio of (3-4): (0.01-0.1): (0.1-0.3): (0.1-0.3): 100, and preparing the product.
4. The method for manufacturing the plasticized specimen for the endangered wild animals according to claim 1, wherein the soaking time in the corrosion prevention step is 30-200 days, and the soaking temperature is 5-10 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the plasticized specimen for the endangered wild animals according to claim 1, wherein the bleaching agent adopted in the bleaching step contains 5-10% of hydrogen peroxide and 2-2.5% of ammonia water, and the bleaching time is 3-5 days.
6. The method for preparing the plasticized specimen for the endangered wild animals according to claim 1, wherein the dehydration and degreasing agent in the dehydration and degreasing step is cyclohexanone.
7. The method for manufacturing the plasticized specimen for the endangered wild animals according to claim 6, wherein the dehydration and degreasing step comprises dehydration and degreasing, and the dehydration is specifically as follows: at the temperature of-28 to-20 ℃, firstly immersing the viscera and the carcass in 85 percent cyclohexanone for dehydration, replacing the cyclohexanone once every 2 to 3 weeks until the concentration of the cyclohexanone is the same in two consecutive tests, namely replacing the cyclohexanone with higher concentration until the concentration of the cyclohexanone reaches 98 percent, and then carrying out degreasing treatment.
8. The method for preparing the plasticized specimen for the endangered wild animals according to claim 7, wherein the degreasing treatment is specifically as follows: at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, firstly soaking viscera and carcass with 98% cyclohexanone, and replacing the cyclohexanone once every 2-3 weeks until the concentration of the cyclohexanone is the same in two consecutive tests, namely replacing the cyclohexanone with higher concentration until the concentration of the cyclohexanone reaches 99.9%.
9. The method for manufacturing the plasticized specimen for the endangered wild animals according to claim 1, wherein the infiltrant in the infiltrating step is silicone rubber, and the infiltrating step specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, immersing the viscera and the carcass in an impregnant at the pressure of-70 to-80 KPa, and adjusting the pressure to-100 to-150 KPa after 5 to 7 days until no bubbles are generated.
10. The method for manufacturing the plasticized specimen for the endangered wild animals according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-changing curing method in the curing step is specifically as follows: curing for 7-10 days at 25-28 ℃, and then curing for 25-30 days at 45-50 ℃.
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