CN114198645A - Heating power pipeline leakage monitoring system - Google Patents
Heating power pipeline leakage monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114198645A CN114198645A CN202111550068.3A CN202111550068A CN114198645A CN 114198645 A CN114198645 A CN 114198645A CN 202111550068 A CN202111550068 A CN 202111550068A CN 114198645 A CN114198645 A CN 114198645A
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- optical fiber
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- stokes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal pipeline leakage monitoring system, which comprises a laser, an external trigger, a wavelength division multiplexing module, an avalanche diode, an operational amplifier, an upper computer and a sensing optical fiber, wherein the laser is connected with the external trigger; the external trigger, the laser, the wavelength division multiplexing module and the sensing optical fiber are sequentially connected through an optical path, the external trigger is controlled by the upper computer, the laser adopts a light source with a communication waveband, the sensing optical fiber adopts a communication optical cable, the sensing optical fiber is embedded below one side of the thermal pipeline and extends along the full length of the thermal pipeline, a positive Stokes light port and an anti-Stokes light port of the wavelength division multiplexing module are respectively connected with one avalanche diode, the two avalanche diodes are respectively connected with the upper computer through one operational amplifier, and the upper computer calculates the temperature of a temperature collection point and the corresponding physical position of the temperature collection point. The method can accurately judge the leakage position of the heat distribution pipeline in time, and has low cost and convenient construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pipeline monitoring, optical fiber sensing and distributed temperature measurement, and particularly relates to a thermal pipeline leakage monitoring system.
Background
With the development of urbanization construction and the increasing living standard, cities and towns in winter have already proposed a high schedule for improving satisfactory indoor environment temperature for users, and central heating has become more and more popular. The central heating has high heat supply efficiency and good energy-saving effect, and can effectively reduce the atmospheric environmental pollution. Meanwhile, the problem of leakage of the heat distribution pipeline becomes more and more prominent, and the leakage of the heat distribution pipeline not only causes energy waste and increases heat supply cost, but also affects heating of users. The heat distribution pipeline can be divided into an overground type and a buried type according to different arrangement modes: the ground type is convenient for monitoring leakage and rush repair, but occupies ground space and affects the attractiveness of a city; buried pipelines can greatly improve the urban attractiveness, and are more and more popular, so that a practical and effective pipeline leakage monitoring system is needed. The existing pipeline leakage monitoring methods mainly comprise two methods: one is a conventional electronic point temperature sensor; and the other is a distributed optical fiber temperature measuring system based on the Brillouin scattering principle.
The traditional electronic point type temperature sensor has a simple principle, adopts thermocouples with different specifications and is arranged inside, on the pipe wall or on the periphery of a heat distribution pipeline, when the heat distribution pipeline is leaked, the resistance value of the thermocouple changes along with the temperature change, and then the temperature change value is analyzed through a demodulator. The method has the disadvantages that the thermocouples are active devices, and each thermocouple needs two signal wires for connection, so that the number of the signal wires is increased along with the extension of a pipeline; in addition, the method is point monitoring, and distributed temperature monitoring cannot be achieved; if the point location interval of laying is far away, when appearing leaking, need very big leakage quantity just can monitor the warning, cause the energy waste, if the point interval of laying is very close, need a large amount of signal lines, cause the improvement by a wide margin of cost.
In the optical fiber distributed temperature monitoring system based on the Brillouin scattering principle, light propagates in an optical fiber and generates Brillouin scattering, and because the Brillouin optical time domain analysis based on a single mode optical fiber cannot distinguish the influences of two parameters, namely temperature and stress, the problem of cross sensitivity exists. Generally, an optical fiber distributed temperature monitoring system based on brillouin scattering adopts two optical fiber layout modes: firstly, the strain change of the thermometer is calculated by using the difference of the Brillouin frequency shift of the middle core and the outer core of the multi-core optical fiber to the change of temperature and stress, and the multi-core optical fiber adopted by the method has higher cost and immature process and cannot be widely applied to the commercial field; and secondly, two paths of optical fibers are adopted, wherein one path of the optical fibers is added with a pressure-resistant protective cover and used for shielding Brillouin frequency shift caused by pressure, the other path of the optical fibers is used for detecting the Brillouin frequency shift containing temperature and pressure changes, and the temperature is calculated by comparing changes of two paths of signals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a thermal pipeline leakage monitoring system for solving the technical problems in the known technology, which can accurately judge the leakage position of the thermal pipeline in time and has low cost and convenient construction.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems in the prior art is as follows: a thermal pipeline leakage monitoring system comprises a laser, an external trigger, a wavelength division multiplexing module, an avalanche diode, an operational amplifier, an upper computer and a sensing optical fiber; the external trigger, the laser, the wavelength division multiplexing module and the sensing optical fiber are sequentially connected through an optical path, the external trigger is controlled by the upper computer, the laser adopts a light source with a communication waveband, the sensing optical fiber adopts a communication optical cable, the sensing optical fiber is embedded below one side of the thermal pipeline and extends along the full length of the thermal pipeline, a positive Stokes light port and an anti-Stokes light port of the wavelength division multiplexing module are respectively connected with one avalanche diode, the two avalanche diodes are respectively connected with the upper computer through one operational amplifier, and the upper computer adopts the following formula to perform temperature analysis:
wherein T represents the current monitored temperature of a temperature acquisition point on the optical fiber;
va (T) represents the current anti-Stokes voltage value of a temperature acquisition point on the optical fiber, and the upper computer acquires the current anti-Stokes voltage value in real time;
vs (T) represents the current positive Stokes voltage value of the set point on the optical fiber, and the upper computer acquires the current positive Stokes voltage value in real time;
T0representing the calibration temperature, obtaining the temperature when calculating the calibration before starting the system;
Va(T0) Representing an anti-stokes voltage value when a temperature acquisition point on the optical fiber is calibrated;
vs (T0) represents the positive Stokes voltage value at the time of calibration of the temperature collection point on the fiber;
k represents boltzmann coefficient, k is 1.380649 math.pow (10, -23);
h represents planck constant, h 6.62607015 math.pow (10, -34);
Δ v represents the raman shift, Δ v ═ 13.2 × math.pow (10, 12);
the upper computer calculates the physical position of the temperature acquisition point by adopting the following formula:
s＝v*t/2
v＝c/n
wherein s is the distance from the temperature point to the starting point of the optical fiber, namely the physical position of the temperature point;
v is the transmission speed of the laser in the optical fiber;
t is the transmission time of the laser in the optical fiber;
n is the refractive index of the optical fiber to the laser;
and c is the transmission speed of the laser in vacuum.
The upper computer is used for acquiring the normal and anti-Stokes light at the frequency of 100 MHz.
The sensing optical fiber is buried by adopting backfilled fine sand.
The system sets the threshold temperature to be 35 degrees, and when the analytic temperature exceeds 35 degrees, the upper computer sends out a pipeline leakage alarm signal.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the distributed sensing optical fiber based on the Raman scattering principle is adopted to monitor the leakage of the heat distribution pipeline, so that the leakage position of the heat distribution pipeline can be timely and accurately judged, the maintenance can be timely facilitated, and the energy loss can be reduced; in addition, compared with an electronic point type temperature sensor monitoring system, the system can monitor all points on the whole monitoring route without arranging a large number of power cables, and the monitoring resolution can reach +/-1 m; compared with a distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system based on the Brillouin scattering principle, the distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system does not need multi-core optical fibers and pressure-resistant protective covers which are immature in technology, only needs a common communication optical cable, and is low in cost and simple in construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the sensing optical fibers of the present invention.
In fig. 2: the sensor optical fiber is 1, the backfill soil layer is 2, the thermal pipeline is 3, and the backfill fine sand is 4.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, a thermal pipeline leakage monitoring system includes a laser, an external trigger, a wavelength division multiplexing module, an avalanche diode, an operational amplifier, an upper computer, and a sensing fiber;
the external trigger, the laser, the wavelength division multiplexing module and the sensing optical fiber are connected in turn through an optical path, the external trigger is controlled by the upper computer,
the laser adopts a light source with a communication waveband,
the sensing optical fiber adopts a communication optical cable,
the sensing optical fiber is embedded under one side of the thermal pipeline and extends along the whole length of the thermal pipeline,
the positive and anti-Stokes light ports of the wavelength division multiplexing module are respectively connected with one avalanche diode, the two avalanche diodes are respectively connected with the upper computer through one operational amplifier,
the upper computer analyzes the temperature by adopting the following formula:
wherein T represents the current monitored temperature of a temperature acquisition point on the optical fiber;
va (T) represents the current anti-Stokes voltage value of a temperature acquisition point on the optical fiber, and the upper computer acquires the current anti-Stokes voltage value in real time;
vs (T) represents the current positive Stokes voltage value of the set point on the optical fiber, and the upper computer acquires the current positive Stokes voltage value in real time;
T0representing the calibration temperature, obtaining the temperature when calculating the calibration before starting the system;
Va(T0) Representing an anti-stokes voltage value when a temperature acquisition point on the optical fiber is calibrated;
vs (T0) represents the positive Stokes voltage value at the time of calibration of the temperature collection point on the fiber;
k represents boltzmann coefficient, k is 1.380649 math.pow (10, -23);
h represents planck constant, h 6.62607015 math.pow (10, -34);
Δ v represents the raman shift, Δ v ═ 13.2 × math.pow (10, 12);
the upper computer calculates the physical position of the temperature acquisition point by adopting the following formula:
s＝v*t/2
v＝c/n
wherein s is the distance from the temperature point to the starting point of the optical fiber, namely the physical position of the temperature point;
v is the transmission speed of the laser in the optical fiber;
t is the transmission time of the laser in the optical fiber;
n is the refractive index of the optical fiber to the laser;
and c is the transmission speed of the laser in vacuum.
In addition, the light speed is 3 x 10^8, the refractive index of the sensing fiber is 1.5, so the propagation speed of the light in the sensing fiber is as follows: 3 ^ 10^8/(1.5 ^ 2) ═ 10^8 m/s; the acquisition frequency of the system for the positive and anti-Stokes light is set to be 100MHz, namely 10^8Hz, the effect that one sampling point approximately represents one meter is achieved, the physical position of the current temperature measuring point can be calculated according to the serial number of the sampling point, and the calculation is simple.
The sensing optical fiber 1 is buried by backfilling fine sand 4, when the thermal pipeline 3 leaks, leaked hot water can preferentially flow to the sensing optical fiber 1 along the fine sand, the system can sense temperature change more quickly, and therefore leakage can be monitored. It is better than burying the sensing optical fiber 1 by using backfill 4. The height difference between the sensing optical fiber 1 and the bottom of the thermal pipeline 3 is preferably 2 cm.
The system sets a threshold temperature of 35 ℃, when the pipeline leaks, the temperature of hot water in the pipeline is 70 ℃, the leaked hot water raises the temperature of the sensing optical fiber, and when the temperature monitored by the sensing optical fiber exceeds the threshold temperature by 35 ℃, the system sends out pipeline leakage alarm.
The invention is more specifically described as follows:
the laser adopts a light source with a communication waveband, namely a light source with the wavelength of 1550nm, so that the transmission loss of laser in the optical fiber can be reduced, and the laser is provided with an external trigger interface and can generate pulse laser with corresponding frequency and width in time according to the existence of an external trigger signal; the external trigger is used for generating a laser trigger signal, and the frequency and the width of the trigger signal can be set by an upper computer; the wavelength division multiplexing module is used for distinguishing the positive and anti-Stokes light in the return light; the avalanche diode can convert the optical signal into an electrical signal with amplitude characteristics of optical signal; the operational amplifier can amplify the electric signal; the upper computer can control the external trigger, receive the amplified electric signal and analyze the electric signal; the sensing optical fiber is used as a path for transmitting and reflecting laser, and reflects different positive and anti-Stokes light according to the temperature change of each position on the route to be measured.
The transmission path of the laser in the system is as follows: the upper computer sets the frequency and the width of the trigger signal; the external trigger module generates a trigger signal corresponding to the frequency and the width according to the set frequency and the set width and sends the trigger signal to the laser; the laser generates pulse laser with corresponding frequency and width according to the frequency and width of the trigger signal; after the pulse laser is emitted, firstly, the pulse laser is transmitted along the communication sensing optical fiber through the wavelength division multiplexing module; in the process of pulse laser transmission, the optical fiber is arranged on the whole lineAt each position, the pulse laser and molecules in the optical fiber generate inelastic collision and reflect back to the positive and anti-Stokes light; the reflected positive and anti-Stokes light respectively enters two avalanche diodes after being separated by the wavelength division multiplexing module; the two avalanche diodes respectively convert the positive and anti-Stokes light into voltage signals Vs with corresponding amplitudes0And Va0；Vs0And Va0The voltage signals are amplified by two paths of identical operational amplifiers respectively, and the amplified voltage signals are Vs and Va respectively; finally, transmitting Vs and Va signals into an upper computer for temperature analysis; through the steps, a pair of Vs and Va can be obtained for each position of the sensing optical fiber in the upper computer.
The calibration can be carried out after the system is built and before the system is started, and during calibration, the sensing optical fiber can be placed in a normal temperature environment, and the thermometer is used as T0At this time, the upper computer records the voltage values of the positive and anti-stokes lights of all the points on the sensing optical fiber, namely the voltage values are Va (T) in the temperature analysis formula0) And Vs (T0), stored in the system. According to the method, points are selected at intervals of 1m on the sensing optical fiber in sequence for calibration, and calibration data is stored in the system, so that calibration is completed.
After being emitted from a laser, pulse laser is transmitted in an optical fiber through a wavelength division multiplexer and then generates inelastic collision with molecules in the optical fiber, and generated positive and anti-Stokes light returns along the optical fiber and is collected by an upper computer through an avalanche diode and an operational amplifier after passing through the wavelength division multiplexer, so that the transmission distance of the pulse laser in the system is twice of the distance from an inelastic collision point to a sensing optical fiber; in addition, the light speed is 3 x 10^8, the refractive index of the sensing fiber is 1.5, so the propagation speed of the light in the sensing fiber is as follows: 3 ^ 10^8/(1.5 ^ 2) ═ 10^8 m/s; and finally, the system has the acquisition frequency of the positive and anti-Stokes lights of 100MHz, namely 10^8Hz, achieves the effect that one sampling point approximately represents one meter, and can calculate the physical position of the current temperature measuring point according to the serial number of the sampling point.
When the system normally operates, the upper computer collects voltage signals of the positive and anti-stokes lights at the frequency of 100MHz, demodulates the current temperature, calculates the physical positions corresponding to the current positive and anti-stokes lights, and obtains the temperature of each point on the sensing optical cable through the continuous calculation of the system, wherein the resolution ratio of the physical point reaches 1 m.
The system sets a threshold temperature of 35 ℃, when the pipeline leaks, the temperature of hot water in the pipeline is 70 ℃, the leaked hot water raises the temperature of the sensing optical fiber, and when the temperature monitored by the sensing optical fiber exceeds the threshold temperature by 35 ℃, the system gives an alarm for pipeline leakage.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A thermal pipeline leakage monitoring system is characterized by comprising a laser, an external trigger, a wavelength division multiplexing module, avalanche diodes, an operational amplifier, an upper computer and a sensing optical fiber, wherein the external trigger, the laser, the wavelength division multiplexing module and the sensing optical fiber are sequentially connected through an optical path, the external trigger is controlled by the upper computer, the laser adopts a light source with a communication waveband, the sensing optical fiber adopts a communication optical cable, the sensing optical fiber is embedded below one side of a thermal pipeline and extends along the whole length of the thermal pipeline, a front Stokes light port and a back Stokes light port of the wavelength division multiplexing module are respectively connected with one avalanche diode, the two avalanche diodes are respectively connected with the upper computer through one operational amplifier, and the upper computer adopts the following formula to carry out temperature analysis:
wherein T represents the current monitored temperature of a temperature acquisition point on the optical fiber;
va (T) represents the current anti-Stokes voltage value of a temperature acquisition point on the optical fiber, and the upper computer acquires the current anti-Stokes voltage value in real time;
vs (T) represents the current positive Stokes voltage value of the set point on the optical fiber, and the upper computer acquires the current positive Stokes voltage value in real time;
T0representing the calibration temperature, obtaining the temperature when calculating the calibration before starting the system;
Va(T0) Representing an anti-stokes voltage value when a temperature acquisition point on the optical fiber is calibrated;
vs (T0) represents the positive Stokes voltage value at the time of calibration of the temperature collection point on the fiber;
k represents boltzmann coefficient, k is 1.380649 math.pow (10, -23);
h represents planck constant, h 6.62607015 math.pow (10, -34);
Δ v represents the raman shift, Δ v ═ 13.2 × math.pow (10, 12);
the upper computer calculates the physical position of the temperature acquisition point by adopting the following formula:
s＝v*t/2
v＝c/n
wherein s is the distance from the temperature point to the starting point of the optical fiber, namely the physical position of the temperature point;
v is the transmission speed of the laser in the optical fiber;
t is the transmission time of the laser in the optical fiber;
n is the refractive index of the optical fiber to the laser;
and c is the transmission speed of the laser in vacuum.
2. The thermodynamic pipeline leakage monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the host computer has a 100MHz collection frequency for the anti-stokes and anti-stokes light.
3. The thermodynamic pipeline leak monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the sensing fiber is buried with backfilled fine sand.
4. The thermodynamic pipeline leak monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the system sets a threshold temperature of 35 degrees, and the upper computer sends a pipeline leak alarm signal when the analytic temperature exceeds 35 degrees.
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| CN115164116A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-10-11 | 江丰管道集团有限公司 | Distributed optical fiber heating power pipeline leakage monitoring experiment system and implementation method |
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