CN114196843A - High-strength aluminum alloy plate preparation process and aluminum alloy plate - Google Patents
High-strength aluminum alloy plate preparation process and aluminum alloy plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN114196843A CN114196843A CN202111453987.9A CN202111453987A CN114196843A CN 114196843 A CN114196843 A CN 114196843A CN 202111453987 A CN202111453987 A CN 202111453987A CN 114196843 A CN114196843 A CN 114196843A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength aluminum alloy plate and a preparation process thereof, and relates to the field of aluminum alloy plates, wherein the preparation process comprises alloy preparation, ultrasonic treatment, cast extrusion molding, primary aging treatment, plate rolling, solution quenching and secondary aging treatment; the aluminum alloy plate is made of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, and specifically comprises the following metals in percentage by mass: zn: 4.5-5.2%, Mg: 1.2-2.0%, Cu: 1.0-1.8%, Ni: 0.02 to 0.06%, Ti: 0.05-0.15%, Y: 0.01-0.02%, Zr: 0.02-0.05% and Al for the rest. The invention has the advantages that: the semi-solid forming and cast-extrusion integrated forming technology is adopted, the grain size inside the aluminum alloy is effectively reduced in the metal forming step, meanwhile, multiple multistage aging treatment is adopted, the deformation stress generated in the rolling process of the alloy is fully eliminated, the recrystallization inside the alloy is promoted, the grain size inside the aluminum alloy is improved, the plasticity of the aluminum alloy is effectively improved, and the stamping forming performance of the alloy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy plates, in particular to a high-strength aluminum alloy plate and a preparation process thereof.
Background
Since the 21 st century, with the continuous improvement of the industrialization level of all countries in the world, a series of energy crisis and environmental problems become more serious, and energy conservation and emission reduction become the main melody of the current social production and life. Under the theme, various countries adopt many measures to solve the energy consumption and environmental problems. The field of automobiles is no exception, and the following research directions, such as how to improve the efficiency of automobile engines, how to research new energy automobiles, and how to effectively reduce the weight of automobiles, have become the research hotspots in the field of light weight of automobiles in recent times. Compared with other materials, the aluminum alloy has become a key material for light weight of automobiles due to the characteristics of light weight, corrosion resistance, high specific strength, easiness in processing, attractive surface, rich reserves, recyclability and the like. In addition, according to statistics, the energy saved by adopting the aluminum alloy in the automobile is 6-12 times of the energy consumed by the original aluminum used for producing the part. Therefore, the development and application of advanced aluminum alloy sheets for automobile light weight have attracted extensive attention from automobile manufacturers and researchers all over the world, and the amount of aluminum for automobiles has increased year by year in recent years.
With the development of the automobile industry, high-strength 7xxx aluminum alloys mainly applied to the aviation field are concerned by the automobile field, and the 7xxx aluminum alloys have high hardness, but have poor stamping forming performance and cannot meet the manufacturing and forming process of automobile structural members, so that the forming process suitable for the 7xxx aluminum alloy plate materials is of great significance to the application of the forming process in the automobile field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme solves the problems that with the development of the automobile industry, the high-strength 7xxx series aluminum alloy mainly applied to the aviation field is concerned by the automobile field, the 7xxx series aluminum alloy has high hardness, but the stamping forming performance of the 7xxx series aluminum alloy is poor, and the manufacturing and forming process of automobile structural parts cannot be met.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation process of a high-strength aluminum alloy plate comprises the following steps:
preparing an alloy: preparing aluminum alloy, and smelting the aluminum alloy into liquid alloy in a state of filling protective gas;
ultrasonic treatment: carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the liquid alloy to prepare aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry;
casting, extruding and forming: casting the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry in a casting and extrusion forming die, applying forming pressure to the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry to solidify the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry into an aluminum alloy coarse ingot under the pressure, and applying primary extrusion pressure to the aluminum alloy coarse ingot when the temperature of the aluminum alloy coarse ingot is reduced to 420-460 ℃ to extrude the aluminum alloy coarse ingot in the casting and extrusion forming die to form an aluminum alloy coarse plate;
primary aging treatment: applying a tensile stress of 200MPa-400MPa to the rough aluminum alloy plate, carrying out aging treatment at the temperature of 150-420 ℃ for 2-8 hours, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature;
rolling into a plate: circularly carrying out small-deformation rolling on the aluminum alloy rough plate subjected to primary aging treatment for multiple times until the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate reaches the design size, and obtaining the aluminum alloy plate;
solution quenching: heating the aluminum alloy plate to 150-200 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-2 h for low-temperature pretreatment, and then carrying out high-temperature solution quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy plate;
secondary aging treatment: and (3) carrying out thermal-insulation sub-resonance vibration aging treatment on the aluminum alloy plate subjected to high-temperature solution quenching treatment for 2-5h to obtain an aluminum alloy plate finished product.
Preferably, the preparation of the alloy specifically comprises the following steps:
and (3) heating: heating the furnace to 500 ℃ and keeping the temperature for a period of time, and after the furnace temperature is stable, heating the furnace to 780-800 ℃;
melting a metal ingot: weighing metal ingots according to the alloy proportion, placing the metal ingots in a drying furnace for preheating and drying, then firstly adding pure aluminum into a smelting furnace, synchronously introducing SF6 and N2 mixed protective gas into the smelting furnace, adding the rest metal ingots into the smelting furnace after the pure aluminum is completely molten, and stirring liquid alloy for 30-45 s to fully mix the alloy components;
standing and impurity removal: and standing the alloy melted into the liquid state for 30-45 min, and removing an oxide film on the surface of the liquid alloy.
Preferably, the ultrasonic treatment specifically comprises the following steps: and transferring the molten liquid alloy to a casting bucket, introducing argon protective gas into the liquid alloy in the casting bucket, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment until the alloy temperature is reduced to 630-640 ℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1200W.
Preferably, in the step of cast-extrusion molding: the molding pressure is 300-380 MPa, the initial extrusion pressure is 510-580 MPa, and the extrusion speed is 0.75-1.2 m/min.
Preferably, the primary aging treatment comprises the following steps:
primary aging treatment: applying tensile stress of 200-250 Mpa to the rough aluminum alloy plate, heating to 150-220 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-4 h;
secondary aging treatment: and then applying tensile stress of 300-400 Mpa to the aluminum alloy rough plate, heating to 380-420 ℃, preserving heat for 1-4 h, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
Preferably, the deformation of the aluminum alloy rough plate is 5-20% by small deformation rolling in the rolled plate, and the small deformation rolling comprises hot rolling and cold rolling, and specifically comprises the following steps:
hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy rough plate to 420-480 ℃, then carrying out hot rolling until half of the rolling deformation of the small deformation at this time, reserving 50% of cold rolling deformation, and controlling the final hot rolling temperature to 380-450 ℃;
cold rolling: and (3) cooling the rough aluminum alloy plate subjected to the hot rolling step to room temperature, directly performing cold rolling to the small deformation rolling deformation, and controlling the temperature of the rough aluminum alloy plate to be lower than 200 ℃ in the cold rolling process.
Preferably, the high-temperature solution quenching treatment specifically comprises the following steps: directly heating the aluminum alloy plate subjected to low-temperature pretreatment to 480-520 ℃, keeping for 15-25 min, and then quenching and cooling the aluminum alloy plate to room temperature at a cooling speed of more than 200 ℃/s.
Preferably, the heat preservation temperature of the secondary aging treatment step is 90-140 ℃.
Further, the high-strength aluminum alloy plate is prepared by the preparation process of the high-strength aluminum alloy plate, and is characterized in that the aluminum alloy is Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy.
The aluminum alloy is specifically prepared from the following metals in percentage by mass:
zn: 4.5-5.2%, Mg: 1.2-2.0%, Cu: 1.0-1.8%, Ni: 0.02 to 0.06%, Ti: 0.05-0.15%, Y: 0.01-0.02%, Zr: 0.02-0.05% and Al for the rest.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) in the process of aluminum alloy solidification and forming, the liquid alloy is pretreated by ultrasonic treatment to support the semi-solid alloy slurry, so that the slurry can have good fluidity when the metal solid-phase component composition reaches 50% or above, and because the viscosity of the semi-solid alloy slurry is higher, less air is involved in the forming process, thereby greatly reducing the defects of air holes, impurities, shrinkage porosity and the like;
2) the invention adopts the solidification forming under the alloy pressure, can effectively reduce the generation of large-size crystal grains in the alloy solidification process, has obvious refining effect on the organization, simultaneously directly utilizes the forming waste heat of the alloy to carry out primary extrusion on the alloy after the metal is solidified, can further reduce the defects of air holes, inclusion, shrinkage porosity and the like generated in the metal solidification, simultaneously crushes the large-size crystal grains generated in the alloy solidification process, promotes the dynamic recrystallization in the alloy, reduces the size of the crystal grains in the alloy, and simultaneously improves the organization uniformity in the alloy;
3) according to the invention, bipolar aging treatment is carried out on the aluminum alloy rough plate after cast extrusion molding, so that the deformation stress generated in the aluminum alloy plate in the primary extrusion process can be effectively eliminated, then the aluminum alloy plate is rolled in a mode of multiple small deformations, and after the aluminum alloy plate is rolled into a plate, solution quenching and secondary aging treatment are carried out, so that the stress generated in the alloy due to cold and hot rolling is effectively reduced, the alloy is recrystallized, and the stamping processing performance of the alloy is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.
The first embodiment is as follows:
in this embodiment: the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 4.5%, Mg: 2.0%, Cu: 1.0%, Ni: 0.06%, Ti: 0.05%, Y: 0.02%, Zr: 0.02% and the balance of Al
And (3) heating: heating the furnace to 500 ℃ and keeping the temperature for a period of time, and after the furnace temperature is stable, heating the furnace to 780-800 ℃;
melting a metal ingot: weighing metal ingots according to the alloy proportion, placing the metal ingots in a drying furnace for preheating and drying, then firstly adding pure aluminum into a smelting furnace, and synchronously introducing SF into the smelting furnace6And N2Mixing protective gas, adding the rest metal ingots into a smelting furnace after pure aluminum is completely melted, and stirring the liquid alloy for 30-45 s to fully mix the alloy components;
standing and impurity removal: standing the alloy melted into the liquid state for 30-45 min, and removing an oxide film on the surface of the liquid alloy;
ultrasonic treatment: transferring the molten liquid alloy to a casting bucket, introducing argon protective gas into the liquid alloy in the casting bucket, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment until the alloy temperature is reduced to 630-640 ℃ to obtain aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1200W;
casting, extruding and forming: casting the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry in a casting and extrusion forming die, applying 300Mpa forming pressure to the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry to solidify the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry into an aluminum alloy coarse ingot under the pressure, and applying 580Mpa primary extrusion pressure to the aluminum alloy coarse ingot when the temperature of the aluminum alloy coarse ingot is reduced to 420 ℃ to extrude the aluminum alloy coarse ingot in the casting and extrusion forming die to form an aluminum alloy coarse plate;
primary aging treatment: applying tensile stress of 200Mpa to the rough aluminum alloy plate, heating to 150 ℃, and preserving heat for 1 h;
secondary aging treatment: then applying 400Mpa tensile stress to the rough aluminum alloy plate, heating to 380 ℃, preserving heat for 4h, and then naturally cooling to room temperature;
rolling into a plate: the method comprises the following steps of circularly carrying out small-deformation rolling on the aluminum alloy rough plate subjected to primary aging treatment for multiple times, wherein the small-deformation rolling enables the deformation of the aluminum alloy rough plate to be 5-20% each time until the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate reaches the design size, so that the aluminum alloy plate is obtained, and the small-deformation rolling comprises hot rolling and cold rolling, and specifically comprises the following steps: hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy rough plate to 420-480 ℃, then carrying out hot rolling until half of the rolling deformation of the small deformation at this time, reserving 50% of cold rolling deformation, and controlling the final hot rolling temperature to 380-450 ℃; cold rolling: and (3) cooling the rough aluminum alloy plate subjected to the hot rolling step to room temperature, directly performing cold rolling to the small deformation rolling deformation, and controlling the temperature of the rough aluminum alloy plate to be lower than 200 ℃ in the cold rolling process.
Solution quenching: heating the aluminum alloy plate to 150-200 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-2 h for low-temperature pretreatment, directly heating the aluminum alloy plate subjected to low-temperature pretreatment to 480 ℃, keeping for 25min, and then quenching and cooling the aluminum alloy plate to room temperature at a cooling speed of more than 200 ℃/s;
secondary aging treatment: and (3) carrying out thermal insulation sub-resonance vibration aging treatment for 5h at 90 ℃ on the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the high-temperature solution quenching treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy plate finished product.
Example two:
in this embodiment: the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 5.2%, Mg: 1.2%, Cu: 1.8%, Ni: 0.02%, Ti: 0.15%, Y: 0.01%, Zr: 0.05% and the balance of Al
And (3) heating: heating the furnace to 500 ℃ and keeping the temperature for a period of time, and after the furnace temperature is stable, heating the furnace to 780-800 ℃;
melting a metal ingot: weighing metal ingots according to the alloy proportion, placing the metal ingots in a drying furnace for preheating and dryingThen firstly adding pure aluminum into the smelting furnace, and simultaneously introducing SF into the smelting furnace6And N2Mixing protective gas, adding the rest metal ingots into a smelting furnace after pure aluminum is completely melted, and stirring the liquid alloy for 30-45 s to fully mix the alloy components;
standing and impurity removal: standing the alloy melted into the liquid state for 30-45 min, and removing an oxide film on the surface of the liquid alloy;
ultrasonic treatment: transferring the molten liquid alloy to a casting bucket, introducing argon protective gas into the liquid alloy in the casting bucket, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment until the alloy temperature is reduced to 630-640 ℃ to obtain aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1200W;
casting, extruding and forming: casting the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry in a casting and extrusion forming die, applying 380Mpa forming pressure to the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry to solidify the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry into an aluminum alloy coarse ingot under the pressure, and applying 510Mpa primary extrusion pressure to the aluminum alloy coarse ingot when the temperature of the aluminum alloy coarse ingot is reduced to 460 ℃ to extrude the aluminum alloy coarse ingot in the casting and extrusion forming die to prepare an aluminum alloy coarse plate;
primary aging treatment: applying tensile stress of 250Mpa to the rough aluminum alloy plate, heating to 220 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
secondary aging treatment: then applying 300Mpa tensile stress to the aluminum alloy rough plate, heating to 420 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then naturally cooling to room temperature;
rolling into a plate: the method comprises the following steps of circularly carrying out small-deformation rolling on the aluminum alloy rough plate subjected to primary aging treatment for multiple times, wherein the small-deformation rolling enables the deformation of the aluminum alloy rough plate to be 5-20% each time until the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate reaches the design size, so that the aluminum alloy plate is obtained, and the small-deformation rolling comprises hot rolling and cold rolling, and specifically comprises the following steps: hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy rough plate to 420-480 ℃, then carrying out hot rolling until half of the rolling deformation of the small deformation at this time, reserving 50% of cold rolling deformation, and controlling the final hot rolling temperature to 380-450 ℃; cold rolling: and (3) cooling the rough aluminum alloy plate subjected to the hot rolling step to room temperature, directly performing cold rolling to the small deformation rolling deformation, and controlling the temperature of the rough aluminum alloy plate to be lower than 200 ℃ in the cold rolling process.
Solution quenching: heating the aluminum alloy plate to 150-200 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-2 h for low-temperature pretreatment, directly heating the aluminum alloy plate subjected to low-temperature pretreatment to 520 ℃, keeping the temperature for 15min, and then quenching and cooling the aluminum alloy plate to room temperature at a cooling speed of more than 200 ℃/s;
secondary aging treatment: and (3) carrying out thermal insulation sub-resonance vibration aging treatment for 2h at 140 ℃ on the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the high-temperature solution quenching treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy plate finished product.
Example three:
example two:
in this embodiment: the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 4.8%, Mg: 1.6%, Cu: 1.5%, Ni: 0.06%, Ti: 0.08%, Y: 0.02%, Zr: 0.05% and the balance of Al
And (3) heating: heating the furnace to 500 ℃ and keeping the temperature for a period of time, and after the furnace temperature is stable, heating the furnace to 780-800 ℃;
melting a metal ingot: weighing metal ingots according to the alloy proportion, placing the metal ingots in a drying furnace for preheating and drying, then firstly adding pure aluminum into a smelting furnace, and synchronously introducing SF into the smelting furnace6And N2Mixing protective gas, adding the rest metal ingots into a smelting furnace after pure aluminum is completely melted, and stirring the liquid alloy for 30-45 s to fully mix the alloy components;
standing and impurity removal: standing the alloy melted into the liquid state for 30-45 min, and removing an oxide film on the surface of the liquid alloy;
ultrasonic treatment: transferring the molten liquid alloy to a casting bucket, introducing argon protective gas into the liquid alloy in the casting bucket, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment until the alloy temperature is reduced to 630-640 ℃ to obtain aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1200W;
casting, extruding and forming: casting the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry in a casting and extrusion forming die, applying 350Mpa forming pressure to the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry to solidify the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry into an aluminum alloy coarse ingot under the pressure, and applying 500Mpa primary extrusion pressure to the aluminum alloy coarse ingot when the temperature of the aluminum alloy coarse ingot is reduced to 440 ℃ to extrude the aluminum alloy coarse ingot in the casting and extrusion forming die to form an aluminum alloy coarse plate;
primary aging treatment: applying a tensile stress of 220Mpa to the rough aluminum alloy plate, heating to 200 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours;
secondary aging treatment: then, applying 350Mpa tensile stress to the rough aluminum alloy plate, heating to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then naturally cooling to room temperature;
rolling into a plate: the method comprises the following steps of circularly carrying out small-deformation rolling on the aluminum alloy rough plate subjected to primary aging treatment for multiple times, wherein the small-deformation rolling enables the deformation of the aluminum alloy rough plate to be 5-20% each time until the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate reaches the design size, so that the aluminum alloy plate is obtained, and the small-deformation rolling comprises hot rolling and cold rolling, and specifically comprises the following steps: hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy rough plate to 420-480 ℃, then carrying out hot rolling until half of the rolling deformation of the small deformation at this time, reserving 50% of cold rolling deformation, and controlling the final hot rolling temperature to 380-450 ℃; cold rolling: and (3) cooling the rough aluminum alloy plate subjected to the hot rolling step to room temperature, directly performing cold rolling to the small deformation rolling deformation, and controlling the temperature of the rough aluminum alloy plate to be lower than 200 ℃ in the cold rolling process.
Solution quenching: heating the aluminum alloy plate to 150-200 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-2 h for low-temperature pretreatment, directly heating the aluminum alloy plate subjected to low-temperature pretreatment to 505 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, and then quenching and cooling the aluminum alloy plate to room temperature at a cooling speed of more than 200 ℃/s;
secondary aging treatment: and (3) carrying out thermal insulation sub-resonance vibration aging treatment for 4.5h at 105 ℃ on the aluminum alloy plate subjected to the high-temperature solution quenching treatment to obtain an aluminum alloy plate finished product.
The tensile properties of the aluminum alloy sheets obtained in the different examples were tested, and the results are shown in the following table:
from the results, the novel aluminum alloy plate preparation process provided by the invention has the advantages that in the 7xxx aluminum alloy plate preparation process, on the basis of keeping the ultrahigh hardness of the 7xxx aluminum alloy, the elongation rate reaches 20%, the plasticity of the aluminum alloy plate is effectively improved, the stamping forming performance of the aluminum alloy plate is effectively improved, and the aluminum alloy plate can be used for manufacturing vehicle body structural members.
In summary, the invention has the advantages that: the semi-solid forming and cast-extrusion integrated forming technology is adopted, the grain size inside the aluminum alloy is effectively reduced in the metal forming step, meanwhile, multiple multistage aging treatment is adopted, the deformation stress generated in the rolling process of the alloy is fully eliminated, the recrystallization inside the alloy is promoted, the grain size inside the aluminum alloy is improved, the plasticity of the aluminum alloy is effectively improved, and the stamping forming performance of the alloy is improved.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation process of a high-strength aluminum alloy plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing an alloy: preparing aluminum alloy, and smelting the aluminum alloy into liquid alloy in a state of filling protective gas;
ultrasonic treatment: carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the liquid alloy to prepare aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry;
casting, extruding and forming: casting the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry in a casting and extrusion forming die, applying forming pressure to the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry to solidify the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry into an aluminum alloy coarse ingot under the pressure, and applying primary extrusion pressure to the aluminum alloy coarse ingot when the temperature of the aluminum alloy coarse ingot is reduced to 420-460 ℃ to extrude the aluminum alloy coarse ingot in the casting and extrusion forming die to form an aluminum alloy coarse plate;
primary aging treatment: applying a tensile stress of 200MPa-400MPa to the rough aluminum alloy plate, carrying out aging treatment at the temperature of 150-420 ℃ for 2-8 hours, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature;
rolling into a plate: circularly carrying out small-deformation rolling on the aluminum alloy rough plate subjected to primary aging treatment for multiple times until the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate reaches the design size, and obtaining the aluminum alloy plate;
solution quenching: heating the aluminum alloy plate to 150-200 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-2 h for low-temperature pretreatment, and then carrying out high-temperature solution quenching treatment on the aluminum alloy plate;
secondary aging treatment: and (3) carrying out thermal-insulation sub-resonance vibration aging treatment on the aluminum alloy plate subjected to high-temperature solution quenching treatment for 2-5h to obtain an aluminum alloy plate finished product.
2. The process for preparing a high-strength aluminum alloy sheet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alloy preparation specifically comprises the steps of:
and (3) heating: heating the furnace to 500 ℃ and keeping the temperature for a period of time, and after the furnace temperature is stable, heating the furnace to 780-800 ℃;
melting a metal ingot: weighing metal ingots according to the alloy proportion, placing the metal ingots in a drying furnace for preheating and drying, then firstly adding pure aluminum into a smelting furnace, and synchronously introducing SF into the smelting furnace6And N2Mixing protective gas, adding the rest metal ingots into a smelting furnace after pure aluminum is completely melted, and stirring the liquid alloy for 30-45 s to fully mix the alloy components;
standing and impurity removal: and standing the alloy melted into the liquid state for 30-45 min, and removing an oxide film on the surface of the liquid alloy.
3. The manufacturing process of the high-strength aluminum alloy plate as recited in claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic treatment specifically comprises the steps of: and transferring the molten liquid alloy to a casting bucket, introducing argon protective gas into the liquid alloy in the casting bucket, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment until the alloy temperature is reduced to 630-640 ℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1200W.
4. The manufacturing process of a high-strength aluminum alloy sheet according to claim 1, wherein in the step of cast-extrusion molding: the molding pressure is 300-380 MPa, the initial extrusion pressure is 510-580 MPa, and the extrusion speed is 0.75-1.2 m/min.
5. The manufacturing process of a high-strength aluminum alloy sheet as set forth in claim 1, wherein said primary aging treatment comprises the steps of:
primary aging treatment: applying tensile stress of 200-250 Mpa to the rough aluminum alloy plate, heating to 150-220 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-4 h;
secondary aging treatment: and then applying tensile stress of 300-400 Mpa to the aluminum alloy rough plate, heating to 380-420 ℃, preserving heat for 1-4 h, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
6. The process for preparing the high-strength aluminum alloy plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deformation of the aluminum alloy rough plate is 5-20% by each small deformation rolling in the rolled plate, the small deformation rolling comprises hot rolling and cold rolling, and the process comprises the following steps:
hot rolling: heating the aluminum alloy rough plate to 420-480 ℃, then carrying out hot rolling until half of the rolling deformation of the small deformation at this time, reserving 50% of cold rolling deformation, and controlling the final hot rolling temperature to 380-450 ℃;
cold rolling: and (3) cooling the rough aluminum alloy plate subjected to the hot rolling step to room temperature, directly performing cold rolling to the small deformation rolling deformation, and controlling the temperature of the rough aluminum alloy plate to be lower than 200 ℃ in the cold rolling process.
7. The manufacturing process of the high-strength aluminum alloy plate as recited in claim 1, wherein the high-temperature solution quenching treatment specifically comprises the steps of: directly heating the aluminum alloy plate subjected to low-temperature pretreatment to 480-520 ℃, keeping for 15-25 min, and then quenching and cooling the aluminum alloy plate to room temperature at a cooling speed of more than 200 ℃/s.
8. The manufacturing process of a high-strength aluminum alloy sheet according to claim 1, wherein the holding temperature of the secondary aging treatment step is 90 ℃ to 140 ℃.
9. A high-strength aluminum alloy sheet produced by the process for producing a high-strength aluminum alloy sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the aluminum alloy is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy.
10. A high strength aluminium alloy sheet according to claim 9 wherein the aluminium alloy is made from the following metals in mass percent:
zn: 4.5-5.2%, Mg: 1.2-2.0%, Cu: 1.0-1.8%, Ni: 0.02 to 0.06%, Ti: 0.05-0.15%, Y: 0.01-0.02%, Zr: 0.02-0.05% and Al for the rest.
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