CN114192722A - Titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming method and die - Google Patents
Titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming method and die Download PDFInfo
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- CN114192722A CN114192722A CN202111661069.5A CN202111661069A CN114192722A CN 114192722 A CN114192722 A CN 114192722A CN 202111661069 A CN202111661069 A CN 202111661069A CN 114192722 A CN114192722 A CN 114192722A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J3/00—Lubricating during forging or pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K27/00—Handling devices, e.g. for feeding, aligning, discharging, Cutting-off means; Arrangement thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming die which comprises an outer die and an inner die which are arranged from outside to inside, wherein the inner die is a second inner die and a first inner die which are tightly combined from outside to inside. The invention also discloses a titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming method. The invention can obviously prolong the service life of the die, improve the precision of hot forging products, improve the production efficiency and reduce the production energy consumption. Meanwhile, the die is modularized, so that the die is convenient to replace, and the use of expensive materials of a high-temperature die is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a forming method and a forming die, in particular to a titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming method and a forming die, and belongs to the field of hot forging forming.
Background
Titanium-aluminum alloys are commonly used for aircraft engine blades due to their outstanding performance characteristics. The blade is an important component of an aircraft engine, and the performance of the blade largely determines the performance of the engine. With intermetallic phases gamma-TiAl and alpha2-Ti3Al-based titanium-aluminum alloys are increasingly the focus of research due to their high melting point, low density, high elastic modulus, low diffusion coefficient, good oxidation and corrosion resistance, and lower flame retardancy than conventional titanium alloys. The specific elastic modulus and the specific strength of the TiAl alloy are higher than those of titanium alloy and nickel-based alloy and also higher than those of NiAl intermetallic compounds in a certain temperature range, so that the rigidity of the TiAl alloy component can be obviously increased, and the stability of the TiAl alloy component is improved. The TiAl alloy has high specific strength, high oxidation resistance and high creep resistance temperature, so that the TiAl alloy becomes a preferred material of the blades of the air compressor.
The titanium-aluminum alloy has the characteristics of very low plasticity, high deformation resistance, narrow forging temperature range and the like, so the forging forming difficulty of the titanium-aluminum alloy is higher. At present, isothermal or near isothermal forging forming is mostly adopted for forging forming of titanium-aluminum alloy. For example, Chinese patent with publication number CN101648252A discloses a forging process of directionally solidified Ti-Al alloy blade, which uses K403As a die material, forging and forming the blade by adopting an isothermal forging method; for example, the chinese patent publication No. CN106424501A discloses a method for preparing a TiAl alloy member by near-isothermal die forging, which uses a high-temperature alloy die and adopts a sheath forging and near-isothermal die forging method to prepare a TiAl alloy member. The problem of difficult forming of the titanium-aluminum alloy is solved to a certain extent.
However, the above method uses a high temperature alloy such as K, which is used at about 1000 ℃ and has a very high temperature strength403The alloy is used as a die material, and the high-temperature alloy material is difficult to process and high in manufacturing cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high price, high cost and difficult processing of titanium-aluminum alloy processing and forging die materials in the prior art, and provides a hot forging forming die for titanium-aluminum alloy, which has low cost, high efficiency and easy replacement.
The invention is realized in such a way that:
a titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming die comprises an outer die and an inner die which are arranged from outside to inside, wherein the inner die consists of a second inner die and a first inner die which are tightly combined from outside to inside.
The further scheme is as follows:
the first inner die is made of a material which is resistant to high temperature, has a yield strength of more than 200MPa at the high temperature of 900 ℃ and has high thermal expansion rate, and high-temperature alloy or heat-resistant steel materials can be generally selected. The high temperature alloy can be K3 alloy, N3 alloy or GH4169 alloy, and the heat-resistant steel material can be 4Cr24Ni7Si2NRe, 0Cr17Ni7Al or 0Cr15Ni25Ti2 MoAlVB.
The further scheme is as follows:
and a heating hole is additionally arranged in the first inner die.
The further scheme is as follows:
the second inner die is made of a high-temperature-resistant and low-thermal-expansion-rate material, and hot-work die steel such as H13 steel, DH31S die steel or 8407 die steel can be selected generally.
The further scheme is as follows:
the outer mold is made of a material with low thermal expansion coefficient, and can be made of common alloy steel, such as 45# steel, Cr12 steel or 40Cr steel.
The further scheme is as follows:
thermal-insulated ceramic fiber is laid between external mold and the centre form, between second centre form and the first centre form, thickness 1 ~ 5 mm.
The invention also provides a titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
wrapping the titanium-aluminum blank by using glass heat insulation fibers, heating the titanium-aluminum blank to 1000-1200 ℃ in a heating furnace after wrapping, and preserving heat for 30-120 min;
heating a titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming die by using heating holes in the first inner die, and ensuring that the working temperature of the first inner die is 500-900 ℃, the working temperature of the second inner die is 100-200 ℃ and the temperature of the outer die is 20-50 ℃ after heating;
and rapidly transferring the heated and heat-preserved titanium-aluminum blank into a titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming die, and applying compressive stress to the first inner die and the wrapped titanium-aluminum blank by utilizing the temperature gradient range and the thermal expansion coefficient difference of the die in the hot forging forming process and the outer die and the second inner die together to realize rapid hot forging forming.
The further scheme is as follows:
and (3) wrapping the titanium-aluminum blank by adopting glass heat insulation fibers, wherein the thickness of the wrapped glass heat insulation fibers is 2-100 mm.
The further scheme is as follows:
the titanium aluminum blank is wrapped by glass heat insulation fibers by a two-layer wrapping method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the titanium-aluminum blank is tightly wrapped by the glass heat insulation fiber, the wrapping thickness is 30-50% of the total thickness of the wrapped titanium-aluminum blank, then the wrapped titanium-aluminum blank is placed into a heating furnace to be heated to 500-1000 ℃ and kept warm for 5-60 min, the wrapped titanium-aluminum blank is taken out and cooled, the wrapped titanium-aluminum blank is continuously wrapped by the second layer of glass heat insulation fiber, and the titanium-aluminum blank does not need to be tightly compressed and wrapped.
In the invention, the first layer of wrapping mainly plays a role in lubricating and shaping, so that the first layer of wrapping glass fiber is converted into a liquid state and tightly surrounds the blank all the time in the forging process, and the wall thickness of the lubricating layer is controllable, thereby playing roles in lubricating, shaping and heat insulation. The second layer of wrapping is mainly heat insulation, and because the glass fiber is wrapped along with the mold and is not compressed and preheated, a large amount of air is generated among glass fiber layers, the glass fiber layers are poor thermal conductors, the temperature of the blank transferred into a mold from a heating furnace can be guaranteed not to be reduced, the blank can be broken in the forging process, and the good mold release effect is achieved.
The further scheme is as follows:
the titanium-aluminum blank is tightly wrapped by glass heat insulation fiber, specifically, the titanium-aluminum blank is tightly compressed by a reel packaging machine after being wrapped, and the thickness of the glass heat insulation fiber layer wrapped after being tightly compressed is 50% of that of the glass heat insulation fiber layer before being compressed.
The further scheme is as follows:
when the rapid hot forging is performed, the forging time is 10-120 s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: breaks through the traditional cognition that the titanium aluminum must be forged at isothermal low speed. Only need high temperature heating blank, the blank parcel glass insulating layer not only keeps warm to insulate against heat, and is lubricated, can avoid high temperature heating mould. The difference temperature between the inner die and the outer die can generate strong three-dimensional compressive stress, so that the toughness and the thermal fatigue performance of the first inner die are improved, and cracks are prevented from being initiated and cracked. The die can obviously prolong the service life of the die, improve the precision of hot forging products, improve the production efficiency and reduce the production energy consumption. Meanwhile, the die is modularized, so that the die is convenient to replace, and the use of expensive materials of the first inner die is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic half-sectional view of a titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging mold according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-a first inner die, 2-a die carrier, 3-a heating hole, 4-a second inner die and 5-an outer die; it should be noted that the upper die and the lower die are symmetrical in structure, and only the lower die is shown in the schematic diagram.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a titanium aluminum alloy hot forging forming die, as shown in fig. 1, the titanium aluminum alloy hot forging forming die comprises an outer die 5 and an inner die which are arranged from outside to inside, the inner die is composed of a second inner die 4 and a first inner die 1 which are tightly combined from outside to inside, a heating hole 3 is additionally arranged inside the first inner die 1, and the outer die and the inner die are both arranged in a die frame 2. In order to form a temperature gradient between the inner mold and the outer mold, heat-insulating ceramic fibers are paved among the outer mold, the second inner mold and the first inner mold, and the thickness of the heat-insulating ceramic fibers is 1-5 mm.
The first inner die is made of a material which is resistant to high temperature, has a yield strength of more than 200MPa at a high temperature of 900 ℃ and has a high thermal expansion rate, and a high-temperature alloy or heat-resistant steel material can be generally selected. The high temperature alloy can be K3 alloy, N3 alloy or GH4169 alloy, and the heat-resistant steel material can be 4Cr24Ni7Si2NRe, 0Cr17Ni7Al or 0Cr15Ni25Ti2 MoAlVB.
The second inner die is made of a high-temperature-resistant and low-thermal-expansion-rate material, and hot-work die steel such as H13 steel, DH31S die steel or 8407 die steel can be selected generally.
The outer mold is made of a material with low thermal expansion coefficient, and can be made of common alloy steel, such as 45# steel, Cr12 steel or 40Cr steel.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming method for an aircraft engine blade, which is characterized in that a titanium-aluminum blank with the diameter of 30mm is wrapped by glass heat insulation fibers, the single-layer thickness of the blank wrapped by the glass heat insulation fibers is 1mm, a bar core layer is wrapped firstly, 4 layers of the glass heat insulation fibers are wrapped, the thickness of the glass heat insulation fibers is 4mm, and after a winding drum packaging machine is adopted for carrying out tight compression, the thickness of the actually wrapped glass heat insulation fiber layer is 2 mm. Placing the glass fiber heat-insulating layer in a heating furnace, heating to 8000 ℃ for 15min, taking out, cooling, and performing secondary wrapping of a glass heat-insulating fiber layer with 2 layers of thickness of 2mm without compressing a wrapping blank. The blank is totally wrapped with 6 layers of glass fiber heat insulation layers, but the actual thickness of the heat insulation layers is 4 mm. And after the blank is wrapped, placing the blank in a heating furnace to heat to 1200 ℃, and preserving heat for 60 min.
The titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming die adopts a layered and block structure. The inner die is divided into two layers, the first inner die is made of heat-resistant steel (such as 4Cr24Ni7Si2NRe), the second inner die is made of hot-work die steel (such as H13 steel), and the outer die is made of common alloy steel (such as 45# steel). A heating hole is formed in the first inner die, the heating temperature is 800 ℃, a ceramic heat-insulating layer is laid between the first inner die and the second inner die, the thickness of the ceramic heat-insulating layer is 2mm, the temperature of the second inner die is 150 ℃, a ceramic heat-insulating layer is laid between the second inner die and the outer die, the thickness of the ceramic heat-insulating layer is 2mm, and the temperature of the outer die is 30 ℃.
And (3) after the blank is heated in a heating furnace, quickly transferring the blank into a die, forging for 10-120 s, and thus obtaining the titanium-aluminum aircraft blade.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming method for an aircraft engine blade, which is characterized in that a titanium-aluminum blank with the diameter of 50mm is wrapped by glass heat insulation fibers, the single-layer thickness of the blank wrapped by the glass heat insulation fibers is 1mm, a bar core layer is wrapped firstly, 6 layers of the glass heat insulation fibers are wrapped, the thickness of the glass heat insulation fibers is 6mm, and after the blank is tightly compressed, the thickness of the actual wrapped glass heat insulation fiber layer is 3 mm. Putting into a heating furnace, heating to 1000 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 50min, taking out, cooling, and wrapping with 2 layers of 2mm thick glass fiber thermal insulation layer without compressing the wrapping blank. The blank is totally wrapped with 6 layers of glass fiber heat insulation layers, but the actual thickness of the heat insulation layers is 5 mm. And after the blank is wrapped, placing the blank in a heating furnace to be heated to 1100 ℃, and preserving heat for 90 min.
The titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming die adopts a layered and block structure. The inner die is divided into two layers, the first inner die is made of high-temperature alloy (such as K3 alloy), the second inner die is made of hot-work die steel (such as DH31S die steel), and the outer die is made of common alloy steel (such as Cr12 steel). A heating hole is formed in the first inner die, the heating temperature is 900 ℃, a ceramic heat-insulating layer is laid between the first inner die and the second inner die, the thickness of the ceramic heat-insulating layer is 2mm, the temperature of the second inner die is 160 ℃, a ceramic heat-insulating layer is laid between the second inner die and the outer die, the thickness of the ceramic heat-insulating layer is 2mm, and the temperature of the outer die is 40 ℃.
And (3) after the blank is heated in a heating furnace, quickly transferring the blank into a die, forging for 10-120 s, and thus obtaining the titanium-aluminum aircraft blade.
The forging forming method and the die structure solve the problems that the traditional isothermal forging and single die material cannot resist high temperature, impact, abrasion, poor toughness, poor fatigue, high cost and the like at high temperature, can give full play to the performance advantages of a multi-material mixed structure, and have the characteristics of high toughness, impact resistance, high lubrication, easiness in replacement, low cost and the like at high temperature.
Although the present invention has been described herein with reference to the illustrated embodiments thereof, which are intended to be preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming die is characterized in that: comprises an external mold and an internal mold which are arranged from outside to inside, and the internal mold consists of a second internal mold and a first internal mold which are tightly combined from outside to inside.
2. The titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming die as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the first inner die material is high-temperature alloy or heat-resistant steel material, the high-temperature alloy is K3 alloy, N3 alloy or GH4169 alloy, and the heat-resistant steel material is 4Cr24Ni7Si2NRe, 0Cr17Ni7Al or 0Cr15Ni25Ti2 MoAlVB.
3. The titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming die as recited in claim 1, wherein:
and a heating hole is additionally arranged in the first inner die.
4. The titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming die as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the second inner die material is hot-work die steel and comprises H13 steel, DH31S die steel or 8407 die steel.
5. The titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming die as recited in claim 1, wherein:
the outer die material is common alloy steel, including 45# steel, Cr12 steel or 40Cr steel.
6. The titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming die as recited in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:
thermal-insulated ceramic fiber is laid between external mold and the centre form, between second centre form and the first centre form, thickness 1 ~ 5 mm.
7. A titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
wrapping the titanium-aluminum blank by using glass heat insulation fibers, heating the titanium-aluminum blank to 1000-1200 ℃ in a heating furnace after wrapping, and preserving heat for 30-120 min;
heating a titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming die by using heating holes in the first inner die, and ensuring that the working temperature of the first inner die is 500-900 ℃, the working temperature of the second inner die is 100-200 ℃ and the temperature of the outer die is 20-50 ℃ after heating;
and rapidly transferring the heated and heat-preserved titanium-aluminum blank into a titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming die, and applying compressive stress to the first inner die and the wrapped titanium-aluminum blank by utilizing the temperature gradient range and the thermal expansion coefficient difference of the die in the hot forging forming process and the outer die and the second inner die together to realize rapid hot forging forming.
8. The titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming method according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the titanium aluminum blank is wrapped by glass heat insulation fibers, the thickness of the wrapped glass heat insulation fibers is 2-100 mm, a two-layer wrapping method is adopted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the titanium-aluminum blank is tightly wrapped by the glass heat insulation fiber, the wrapping thickness is 30-50% of the total thickness of the wrapped titanium-aluminum blank, then the wrapped titanium-aluminum blank is placed into a heating furnace to be heated to 500-1000 ℃ and kept warm for 5-60 min, the wrapped titanium-aluminum blank is taken out and cooled, the wrapped titanium-aluminum blank is continuously wrapped by the second layer of glass heat insulation fiber, and the titanium-aluminum blank does not need to be tightly compressed and wrapped.
9. The titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming method as recited in claim 8, wherein:
the titanium-aluminum blank is tightly wrapped by glass heat insulation fiber, specifically, the titanium-aluminum blank is tightly compressed by a reel packaging machine after being wrapped, and the thickness of the glass heat insulation fiber layer wrapped after being tightly compressed is 50% of that of the glass heat insulation fiber layer before being compressed.
10. The titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming method according to claim 7, characterized in that:
when the rapid hot forging is performed, the forging time is 10-120 s.
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| CN202111661069.5A CN114192722B (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Titanium-aluminum alloy hot forging forming method and die |
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