CN114190306B - Ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method for carassius auratus - Google Patents

Ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method for carassius auratus Download PDF

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CN114190306B
CN114190306B CN202111546461.5A CN202111546461A CN114190306B CN 114190306 B CN114190306 B CN 114190306B CN 202111546461 A CN202111546461 A CN 202111546461A CN 114190306 B CN114190306 B CN 114190306B
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parts
pengze
carassius auratus
fries
feeding
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CN114190306A (en
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徐金根
张颂
涂振华
丁立云
杜时强
王建民
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Jiujiang Aquatic Science Research Institute Pengze Crucian Carp Breeding Farm
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method for carassius auratus pengze, and belongs to the technical field of freshwater fish breeding. The ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method of carassius auratus Pengze comprises the following steps: site selection and pool building: selecting a place which is convenient to sit south and north, drain and irrigate and has sufficient sunlight to establish a culture pond; preparing a culture environment: uniformly mixing the sludge and the microbial agent, paving the mixture at the bottom of a pool with the thickness of 20-25 cm, and planting aquatic plants in the sludge for culture; fry feeding: after water is injected into the culture pond, putting the disinfected Pengze crucian fries; feeding feed: feeding the compound feed A once in the morning and at night on the seedling release day; feeding the compound feed B after 1 month of cultivation, and feeding the compound feed B once in the morning and at night; water quality regulation and control: and (5) replacing and injecting new water every 15 days, wherein the water is injected about 20cm each time. The breeding method achieves the purpose of ecological high-yield, high-efficiency and ecological breeding of the carassius auratus var pengze, and provides a certain foundation for breeding and popularization of the carassius auratus pengze.

Description

Ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method for carassius auratus
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of freshwater fish culture, in particular to an ecological high-yield and high-efficiency culture method for carassius auratus Pengze.
Background
The carassius auratus var pengze is dark grey black on the back, grey white on the belly, cyan black on each fin, deeper than even fins in odd fin color, long in body shape, short and small in head, blunted, thick in lip, large in eye and the like, does not need to be, is one of five kinds of freshwater fish with the tail stem height larger than the head length behind the eye, has the characteristics of fast growth, large individual, disease resistance, strong adaptability, low requirement on culture environment and the like, is delicious in meat taste, tender and refreshing in meat quality, rich in nutrition and contains eight amino acids necessary for a human body. The amino acid composition of the crucian protein is close to the amino acid pattern of human protein, and belongs to high-quality protein; the crucian carp has soft and tender tissue and is easier to digest than livestock and poultry meat; the fat mainly comprises unsaturated fatty acid, mainly omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, wherein eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has effects of reducing blood lipid, preventing and treating atherosclerosis, and resisting cancer; is an important source of vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin B2, and has high content of vitamin E, vitamin B1 and nicotinic acid.
In recent years, with the mass rise of crucian carp breeding, in the breeding process, the breeding technology is mainly used for realizing certain economic benefit with high input and high yield and has certain risk, and due to the fact that production data input into breeding water is too high, breeding waste accumulates and decomposes for a long time to breed a large number of pathogenic bacteria, such as frequent disease occurrence, water eutrophication, even water quality deterioration, ecological environment is damaged, economic loss of farmers is caused, and even top-production is caused sometimes. In order to improve the yield of the carassius auratus pengze, a large amount of chemical compounds, antibiotic drugs and the like are used for preventing and treating pathogenic bacteria, although the influence of plant diseases and insect pests is effectively controlled, after the chemical drugs or the antibiotics are adopted, the drugs remain in the carassius auratus pengze and can be transferred into human bodies in the eating process of people, so that the health of the people is influenced, and the use of the chemical drugs or the antibiotics can pollute the environment and is not beneficial to ecological environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method for Pengze crucian carps, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, achieves the aims of ecological high-yield, high-efficiency and ecological breeding of the Pengze crucian carps by combining various means and provides a certain foundation for breeding and popularization of the Pengze crucian carps.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides an ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method for carassius auratus pengze, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Site selection and pool building: selecting a place which is convenient to sit south and north, drain and irrigate and has sufficient sunlight to establish a culture pond;
(2) Preparing a culture environment: uniformly mixing the sludge and the microbial agent, paving the mixture at the bottom of a pool with the thickness of 20-25 cm, and planting aquatic plants in the sludge for culture;
(3) Fry feeding: injecting water into the culture pond, and then putting the disinfected pengze crucian fries, spotted silver carp fries and silver carp fries;
(4) Feeding feed: feeding the compound feed A once in the morning and at night on the seedling release day; feeding the compound feed B after 1 month of cultivation, and feeding the compound feed B once in the morning and at night;
(5) Water quality regulation and control: fresh water is injected every 15 days, and about 20cm of fresh water is injected every time;
(6) Harvesting: and (5) harvesting after seedlings are released for 210-240 days.
Furthermore, the area of the culture pond is 4-10 mu, and the depth of the pond is 2-2.5 m; the breeding pond is disinfected by quicklime with the dosage of 150-250 kg/mu.
Further, the microbial agent in the step (2) comprises one or more of pseudomonas, micrococcus, bacillus subtilis, azotobacter, silicate bacteria and nitrobacteria.
Further, the mass ratio of the sludge to the microbial agent in the step (2) is 1000kg:10 to 50g.
Further, the aquatic plants in the step (2) comprise one or more of reed, cattail and watermifoil.
Further, the putting amount of the carassius auratus fries is 2000-3000 tails per mu, and the weight of the carassius auratus fries is 50-70 g per tail; the carassius auratus fry is carassius auratus fry in Pengze winter; the putting amount of the spotted silver carp fries is 100-200 fries per mu, and the weight of the fries is 100-110 g per tail; the putting amount of the silver carp fries is 300-500 fries per mu, and the weight of the fries is 100-110 g per tail.
The invention can improve the culture water quality by intercropping spotted silver carps and silver carps in the crucian carp culture pond.
Further, the sterilization in the step (3) specifically includes: 3 to 5 percent of salt water is used for bathing the fry for 10 to 15min.
Further, the water injection depth in the step (3) is 1.5-1.8 m.
Further, the compound feed A in the step (4) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 to 200 parts of soybean meal, 50 to 60 parts of fish meal, 30 to 40 parts of crab shell powder, 20 to 25 parts of sesame meal, 5 to 10 parts of pomegranate seed protein, 3 to 5 parts of dehydrated leek powder, 2 to 3 parts of eucommia bark powder, 2 to 3 parts of fresh ginger juice, 1 to 2 parts of cassia bark powder, 2 to 3 parts of spirulina powder, 1 to 2 parts of platycodon grandiflorum and 1 to 2 parts of honeysuckle.
Further, the preparation of the pomegranate seed protein specifically comprises the following steps: adding water into degreased pomegranate seed cake, grinding until the particle size is 100-150 mu m, adjusting the pH value to 9.5-10.5, standing for 30-60 min, centrifuging to obtain a separation liquid, adjusting the pH value to 3.5-4.0, adding ammonium sulfate, standing for 30-60 min, centrifuging to obtain the separation liquid, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5, and performing spray drying to obtain the pomegranate seed protein.
Further, the compound feed B in the step (4) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of rice chaff micro powder, 40-45 parts of corncobs, 20-35 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of alfalfa, 15-20 parts of diatom, 10-15 parts of oat hulls, 3-8 parts of perilla leaves, 3-5 parts of olive oil, 2-3 parts of stone powder, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of tryptophan and 0.1-0.5 part of threonine.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the invention, the sludge and the microbial agent are mixed and then the aquatic plant is planted, so that the purpose of purifying the water body can be achieved, the microbes in the sludge can degrade toxic organic matters in the water body while providing nutrient substances for the aquatic plant, the growth and the propagation of pathogenic bacteria in the water body are inhibited, and a higher-quality environment can be provided for the growth of Pengze crucian carp; by feeding the compound feed A and the compound feed B, the feeding amount of the feeds can be reduced, the disease resistance of the Carassius pengzensis can be improved, the content of the nutrient components of the Carassius pengzensis can be improved, a large amount of chemical agents are not needed during culture, the aims of ecological high-yield, high-efficiency and ecological breeding of the Carassius pengzensis are fulfilled, and a certain basis is provided for breeding and popularization of the Carassius pengzensis.
The microbial agent contains pseudomonas, micrococcus, bacillus subtilis, azotobacter, silicate bacteria and nitrobacteria, and is combined with various microbial agents, so that the concentration of nitrite and ammonia nitrogen in a water body can be effectively reduced, active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin, gramicidin and the like generated in the growth process of the bacillus subtilis have an obvious inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria, and the intestinal health of Carassius pengzensis can be improved.
The compound feed A disclosed by the invention contains soybean meal, fish meal, crab shell powder, sesame meal, pomegranate seed protein, dehydrated tuber onion meal, eucommia bark powder, fresh ginger juice, cinnamon powder, spirulina powder, platycodon grandiflorum, honeysuckle and the like, wherein the soybean meal, the fish meal, the crab shell powder, the sesame meal and the spirulina powder are basic nutrient substances, the pomegranate seed protein is decomposed into various amino acids after being eaten by fish, so that the growth and weight increment of the fish can be accelerated, the water leek meal, the eucommia bark powder, the fresh ginger juice, the cinnamon powder, the platycodon grandiflorum and the honeysuckle can improve the capacity of resisting crucian diseases in Pengze, the physique of the crucian is enhanced, the growth speed of the Pengze crucian can be obviously improved by feeding the feed, and the robust Pengze crucian juvenile fish and adult fish are obtained.
The compound feed B contains rice chaff micro powder, corncobs, soybean meal, alfalfa, diatom, oat hulls, perilla leaves, olive oil, stone powder, calcium hydrophosphate, tryptophan, threonine and other components, wherein the rice chaff micro powder has high protein content and contains a large amount of methionine and lysine; the content of crude protein in the bean pulp is about 45 percent, and the digestibility reaches 85 to 92 percent; diatom contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids; the compound feed B obtained by reasonably proportioning the nutrient substances can obviously improve the content of the nutrient components of the carassius auratus pengze, improve the edible value of the carassius auratus pengze and further improve the delicious meat of the carassius auratus pengze.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The "parts" described in the following examples are all "parts by mass".
Example 1
An ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method for carassius auratus pengze comprises the following steps:
(1) Site selection and pool building: selecting a place which is convenient for irrigation and drainage and has sufficient sunlight to establish a single culture pond with the area of 4 mu and the pond depth of 2.5m, and mixing quicklime (the dosage of quicklime is 150 kg/mu) and water according to the mass ratio of 1:2, after mixing evenly, immediately sprinkling the mixture in the pool and airing for 2d.
(2) Preparing a culture environment: mixing the sludge and the microbial agent according to the mass ratio of 1000kg: after 20g of the mixture is uniformly mixed, the mixture is paved at the bottom of a pool, and the thickness of the mixture is about 22 cm; planting aquatic plants (reeds) in the sludge, and planting 25m of aquatic plants in each mu of culture pond 2 And 25m of aquatic plants 2 The aquatic plants are dispersed in the culture pond, and the planting area of each aquatic plant is 5m 2 (namely planting 5 pieces of 5m in each mu of culture pond 2 The aquatic plants) is then poured into the pond with the depth of about 22cm, the water is cultured for 20 days, the water depth in the culture pond is increased to 60cm, the culture is continued for 30 days, and the preparation of the culture environment is completed.
The microbial agent consists of 1 part of pseudomonas, 1 part of micrococcus, 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of azotobacter, 2 parts of silicate bacteria and 5 parts of nitrobacteria.
(3) Fry feeding: injecting water into the culture pond to enable the water depth in the culture pond to be about 1.8m, and then putting Pengze crucian carp fries, spotted silver carp fries and silver carp fries which are used for bathing for 15min in advance in 3% saline water by mass fraction; the putting amount of the carassius auratus fries (carassius auratus fries in winter) is 2000 tails/mu, and the weight of the carassius auratus fries is 50-70 g/tail; the putting amount of spotted silver carp fries is 200 fries per mu, and the weight of the fries is 100-110 g per tail; the putting amount of the silver carp fries is 300 per mu, and the weight of the fries is 100-110 g per tail.
(4) Feeding feed: feeding the compound feed A on the seedling releasing day, wherein the feeding amount is about 2 g/tail, and the feeding is carried out once in the morning and at night; feeding the feed B after 1 month of culture, wherein the feeding amount is about 4 percent of the weight of the fish, and the feed B is fed once in the morning and at night.
The preparation method of the compound feed A comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 100 parts of soybean meal, 50 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of crab shell powder, 20 parts of sesame meal, 5 parts of pomegranate seed protein, 3 parts of dehydrated tuber onion meal, 2 parts of eucommia bark powder, 2 parts of fresh ginger juice, 1 part of cinnamon powder, 2 parts of spirulina powder, 1 part of platycodon grandiflorum and 1 part of honeysuckle, and granulating to obtain the compound feed A.
The preparation method of the pomegranate seed protein comprises the following steps: adding 10 parts of water into 1 part of degreased pomegranate seed cake, grinding until the particle size is about 100 mu m, adding NaOH to adjust the pH value to 9.5-10.5, standing for 60min, centrifuging to obtain a separation solution, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3.5-4.0, adding 0.2 part of ammonium sulfate, standing for 60min, centrifuging to obtain the separation solution, adding NaOH to adjust the pH value to 6.5-7.5, and performing spray drying to obtain the pomegranate seed protein.
The preparation method of the compound feed B comprises the following steps: 50 parts of rice chaff micro powder, 40 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of alfalfa, 15 parts of diatom, 10 parts of oat hulls, 3 parts of perilla leaves, 3 parts of olive oil, 2 parts of stone powder, 1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1 part of tryptophan and 0.1 part of threonine are uniformly mixed and then granulated to obtain the compound feed B.
(5) Water quality regulation and control: and (3) replacing and injecting fresh water every 15 days, injecting water about 20cm every time, and splashing quicklime with the dosage of 10 kg/mu.
(6) Harvesting: and harvesting 240 days after seedling releasing.
Example 2
(1) Site selection and pool building: selecting a place which is convenient for irrigation and drainage and is sunny to establish a single culture pond with the area of 4 mu and the pond depth of 2m, and mixing quicklime (the dosage of the quicklime is 250 kg/mu) and water according to the mass ratio of 1:2, after mixing evenly, immediately sprinkling the mixture in the pool and airing for 2d.
(2) Preparing a culture environment: mixing the sludge and the microbial agent according to the mass ratio of 1000kg: after 50g of the mixture is uniformly mixed, the mixture is paved at the bottom of a pool, and the thickness of the mixture is about 25 cm; planting aquatic plants (reeds) in the sludge, and planting 25m of aquatic plants in each mu of culture pond 2 And 25m of aquatic plants 2 The aquatic plants are dispersed in the culture pond, and the planting area of each aquatic plant is 5m 2 (namely planting 5 pieces of 5m in each mu of culture pond 2 The aquatic plants) in the pond, then injecting water with the depth of about 25cm into the pond, culturing for 30d, increasing the water depth in the culture pond to 60cm, and continuing culturing for 30d to finish the preparation of a culture environment.
The microbial agent consists of 1 part of pseudomonas, 1 part of micrococcus, 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of azotobacter, 2 parts of silicate bacteria and 5 parts of nitrobacteria.
(3) Fry feeding: injecting water into the culture pond to enable the water depth in the culture pond to be about 1.5m, and then putting Pengze crucian fries, spotted silver carp fries and silver carp fries which are used for bathing for 10min in salt water with the mass fraction of 5% in advance; the putting amount of the carassius auratus fries (carassius auratus fries in winter) is 3000 tails/mu, and the weight of the carassius auratus fries is 50-70 g/tail; the putting amount of spotted silver carp fries is 200 fries per mu, and the weight of the fries is 100-110 g per tail; the putting amount of the silver carp fries is 300 per mu, and the weight of the fries is 100-110 g per tail.
(4) Feeding feed: feeding the compound feed A on the day of seedling release, wherein the feeding amount is 2 g/tail, and the feeding is carried out once in the morning and at night; feeding the feed B after 1 month of culture, wherein the feeding amount is about 4 percent of the weight of the fish, and the feeding is carried out once in the morning and at night.
The preparation method of the compound feed A comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 200 parts of soybean meal, 60 parts of fish meal, 40 parts of crab shell powder, 25 parts of sesame meal, 10 parts of pomegranate seed protein, 5 parts of dehydrated tuber onion meal, 3 parts of eucommia bark powder, 3 parts of fresh ginger juice, 2 parts of cinnamon powder, 3 parts of spirulina powder, 2 parts of platycodon grandiflorum and 2 parts of honeysuckle, and then granulating to obtain the composite feed A with the particle size of about 8 mm.
The preparation method of the pomegranate seed protein comprises the following steps: adding 10 parts of water into 1 part of degreased pomegranate seed cake, grinding until the particle size is about 100 mu m, adding NaOH to adjust the pH value to 9.5-10.5, standing for 60min, centrifuging to obtain a separation solution, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3.5-4.0, adding 0.2 part of ammonium sulfate, standing for 60min, centrifuging to obtain the separation solution, adding NaOH to adjust the pH value to 6.5-7.5, and performing spray drying to obtain the pomegranate seed protein.
The preparation method of the compound feed B comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 80 parts of rice chaff micro powder, 45 parts of corncobs, 35 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of alfalfa, 20 parts of diatom, 15 parts of oat hulls, 8 parts of perilla leaves, 5 parts of olive oil, 3 parts of stone powder, 2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of tryptophan and 0.5 part of threonine, and then granulating to obtain the composite feed B with the particle size of about 15 mm.
(5) Water quality regulation and control: and (3) replacing and injecting fresh water every 15 days, injecting water about 20cm every time, and splashing quicklime with the dosage of 10 kg/mu.
(6) Harvesting: and harvesting 240 days after seedling releasing.
Comparative example 1
The conventional culture method comprises the following steps:
(1) Site selection and pool building: selecting a place which is convenient for irrigation and drainage and has sufficient sunlight to establish a single culture pond with the area of 4 mu and the pond depth of 2.5m, and mixing quicklime (the dosage of quicklime is 150 kg/mu) and water according to the mass ratio of 1:2, after mixing evenly, immediately sprinkling the mixture in the pool and airing for 2d.
(2) Fry feeding: injecting water into the culture pond to enable the water depth in the culture pond to be about 1.8m, then putting the Pengze crucian fries which are soaked for 15min in advance in 3% saline water by mass percent, wherein the putting amount is 2000 fries/mu, and the weight of the fries is 50-70 g/tail.
(3) Feeding feed: and feeding the compound feed on the day of fry release, wherein the feeding amount is about 5 percent of the weight of the fish, and the feeding is performed once in the morning and at night.
The preparation method of the compound feed comprises the following steps: 14 parts of fish meal, 23 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of peanut meal, 9 parts of cottonseed meal, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 9 parts of rice bran, 5 parts of rapeseed oil, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.2 part of salt, 0.03 part of vitamin E, 0.2 part of vitamin C and 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate by weight, uniformly mixing and granulating to obtain the composite feed with the particle size of about 10 mm.
(4) Disease control: 90% crystal trichlorfon with the concentration of 0.3mg/L is splashed in the whole pool every half month in the disease season; in the culture, when the disease symptoms appear, 90 percent crystal trichlorfon with the concentration of 0.6mg/L and ferrous sulfate mixture with the concentration of 0.3mg/L are splashed in the whole pool at one time.
(5) Water quality regulation and control: fresh water is injected every 15 days, and about 20cm of fresh water is injected every time;
(6) Harvesting: and harvesting 240 days after seedling releasing.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the treatment of step (2) was not conducted.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that no microbial agent is added to the sludge in step (2).
Comparative example 4
The difference from the example 1 is that the step (4) is to feed the feed A on the day of fry release, the feeding amount is about 4 percent of the weight of the fish, and the feeding is carried out once in the morning and at night.
Effect example 1
The average body weight of the pengze crucian carp bred by the breeding method of examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 4 was counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 average body weight of Carassius pengzensis
Grouping Average body weight (g)
Example 1 430.2
Example 2 420.6
Comparative example 1 400.8
Comparative example 2 405.6
Comparative example 3 410.9
Comparative example 4 403.4
As can be seen from table 1, the average weight of the carassius auratus gibelio can be significantly increased by the breeding method, and as can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 1, the average weight of the carassius auratus gibelio is increased while the feeding amount of the feed is reduced, and a large amount of chemical agents are not required to be used in the breeding process, so that the purpose of high-yield, high-efficiency and ecological breeding of the carassius auratus gibelio is achieved.
Effect example 2
The nutrient content of the pengze crucian carp cultivated by the cultivation method of the embodiment 1-2 and the comparative example 1-4 is measured, and the result is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 nutrient content of Pengze crucian carp
Figure BDA0003415894800000111
Figure BDA0003415894800000121
As can be seen from table 2, the breeding method of the present invention can increase the protein content of the carassius auratus var pengze, reduce the fat content, and provide a certain research basis for breeding carassius auratus pengze with higher nutritional value.
Effect example 3
The average concentration of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body before each new water refill in examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-4 was measured, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0003415894800000122
From table 3, it can be seen that the concentration of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body can be obviously reduced through the combined action of the aquatic plants and the benthic microorganisms, and the water body is better purified, and meanwhile, the culture method provided by the invention is beneficial to reducing the culture cost and avoiding the phenomenon of water pollution caused by excessive feed by reducing the feed feeding amount, and the purpose of increasing the yield of the carassius auratus Pengze is achieved by combining various means.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims (7)

1. An ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method for carassius auratus Pengze is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Site selection and pool building: selecting a place which has the advantages of south-south facing north, convenient irrigation and drainage and sufficient sunlight to establish a culture pond;
(2) Preparing a culture environment: uniformly mixing the sludge and the microbial agent, laying the mixture at the bottom of a pool, wherein the thickness of the mixture is 20-25 cm, and planting aquatic plants in the sludge for culturing;
(3) Fry feeding: injecting water into the culture pond, and then putting the disinfected pengze crucian fries, spotted silver carp fries and silver carp fries;
(4) Feeding feed: feeding the compound feed A once in the morning and at night on the seedling release day; feeding the compound feed B after 1 month of cultivation, and feeding the compound feed B once in the morning and at night;
(5) Water quality regulation and control: fresh water is injected every 15 days, and about 20cm of fresh water is injected every time;
(6) Harvesting: the seedlings can be harvested after being placed for 210-240 days;
the aquatic plants in the step (2) comprise one or more of reed, cattail and pulegoria pulegoris;
the compound feed A in the step (4) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 to 200 parts of soybean meal, 50 to 60 parts of fish meal, 30 to 40 parts of crab shell powder, 20 to 25 parts of sesame seed meal, 5 to 10 parts of pomegranate seed protein, 3 to 5 parts of dehydrated leek powder, 2 to 3 parts of eucommia bark powder, 2 to 3 parts of fresh ginger juice, 1 to 2 parts of cinnamon powder, 2 to 3 parts of spirulina powder, 1 to 2 parts of platycodon grandiflorum and 1 to 2 parts of honeysuckle;
the compound feed B in the step (4) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-80 parts of rice chaff micro powder, 40-45 parts of corncobs, 20-35 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of alfalfa, 15-20 parts of diatom, 10-15 parts of oat hulls, 3-8 parts of perilla leaves, 3-5 parts of olive oil, 2-3 parts of stone powder, 1-2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of tryptophan and 0.1-0.5 part of threonine.
2. The ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method for carassius auratus pengze according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of a breeding pond is 4-10 mu, and the depth of the pond is 2-2.5 m; the breeding pond is disinfected by quicklime with the dosage of 150-250 kg/mu.
3. The ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method for carassius auratus pengze according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent in the step (2) comprises one or more of pseudomonas, micrococcus, bacillus subtilis, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, silicate bacteria and nitrifying bacteria.
4. The ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method for carassius auratus pengze according to claim 1, wherein the putting amount of carassius auratus pengze fries is 2000-3000 tails/mu, and the weight of the fries is 50-70 g/tail; the carassius auratus fry is carassius auratus fry in Pengze winter; the putting amount of the spotted silver carp fries is 100-200 per mu, and the weight of the fries is 100-110 g per mu; the putting amount of the silver carp fries is 300-500 fries per mu, and the weight of the fries is 100-110 g per tail.
5. The ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method for carassius auratus pengze according to claim 1, wherein the disinfection in the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps: 3 to 5 percent of salt water is used for bathing the fry for 10 to 15min.
6. The ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method for carassius auratus pengze according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the water injection in the step (3) is 1.5-1.8 m.
7. The ecological high-yield and high-efficiency breeding method for carassius auratus pengze according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of pomegranate seed protein specifically comprises the following steps: adding water into degreased pomegranate seed cake, grinding until the particle size is 100-150 mu m, adjusting the pH value to 9.5-10.5, standing for 30-60 min, centrifuging to obtain a separation liquid, adjusting the pH value to 3.5-4.0, adding ammonium sulfate, standing for 30-60 min, centrifuging to obtain the separation liquid, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5, and performing spray drying to obtain the pomegranate seed protein.
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