CN114184580B - High-precision measuring method for refractive index of glass cylinder - Google Patents
High-precision measuring method for refractive index of glass cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN114184580B CN114184580B CN202111493885.XA CN202111493885A CN114184580B CN 114184580 B CN114184580 B CN 114184580B CN 202111493885 A CN202111493885 A CN 202111493885A CN 114184580 B CN114184580 B CN 114184580B
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- contact pin
- point
- telescope
- refractive index
- glass cylinder
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
- G01N21/43—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length by measuring critical angle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
Abstract
According to the high-precision measuring method for the refractive index of the glass column, provided by the invention, the spectrometer is used for reading on the basis of a pin method, and the accuracy of angle measurement is greatly improved on the basis of keeping the original advantage of simplicity in operation, so that the accuracy of glass refractive index measurement is improved. On the basis, the refractive index of glass with different materials and colors can be measured by selecting different background lights.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a high-precision measurement method for refractive index of a glass cylinder.
Background
The traditional refractive index detection method of glass comprises a Fresnel reflection method and a Michelson interference method, and has the advantages of simple principle and small error, but the optical path is complicated to debug, and is generally used in a laboratory environment, so that the method has a plurality of limitations in terms of operability and practicability. There are also some devices with high automation degree in industry, such as optical fiber external cavity Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) (based on white light interferometry technology, which is used to measure refractive index of light-transmitting material with small size and simple shape), and multi-wavelength abbe refractometer manufactured by ATAGO (atto) company, but these devices are expensive and can greatly increase cost in some application scenarios.
The spectrometer is complicated in measurement and adjustment steps, and has high requirements on operation capability; when the spectrometer is used for measuring the refractive index of the glass, the existing experimental scheme has requirements on the type, shape and color of the glass and has higher limitation.
The simple pin method is simple in measurement operation, has less requirements on experimental environment and experimental equipment, but has the problems of larger measurement error, poor precision and the like. The errors of the pin method mainly come from two aspects, namely parallax exists when naked eyes draw lines for observation, and larger errors are easy to cause. And secondly, the angle is measured by using a protractor, the measurement is accurate to one degree, and the fact that most of glass refractive indexes are in a smaller interval range is considered, and the glass refractive indexes are not easy to distinguish, so that the accuracy is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitations and defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a high-precision measuring method for the refractive index of a glass cylinder.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the high-precision measuring method for the refractive index of the glass cylinder comprises the following steps:
on the basis of the adjustment of the spectrometer, the foam board is horizontally arranged on an objective table of the spectrometer; firstly, placing white paper on a foam board and fixing, placing a glass cylinder on the white paper, and keeping the outer contour line of the glass cylinder on the white paper, and marking the outer contour line as a first closed curve; making a straight line AB on white paper to represent incident light, wherein B is the junction point of the incident light and the first closed curve, and making a tangent EF tangent to the glass column at the point B;
two points M, N on the straight line AB are respectively vertically inserted into the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2; taking a third contact pin S3, wherein the insertion position of the third contact pin S3 is as close to the glass cylinder as possible on the premise of meeting the condition that the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2 are overlapped with the third contact pin, and defining a route of the third contact pin S3, which is continuously close to the glass cylinder on the premise of meeting the condition that the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2 are overlapped with the third contact pin, as a first moving path;
rotating a telescope on the spectrometer to enable a lens of the telescope to be parallel to a first moving path, and then finely adjusting the telescope or a foam plate to enable a superposition image of the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2 to be found in the telescope; the foam board is kept still, the first contact pin S1, the second contact pin S2, the third contact pin S3 and the glass cylinder are removed, a point which is intersected with the optical axis of the telescope on a first closed curve is determined, the point is marked as a point C, and a point on the foam board right below the point C is marked as a point D;
moving the white paper to vertically coincide with the point B on the white paper and the point D on the foam board; the second contact pin is vertically inserted from an original needle hole on white paper, namely N points, the first contact pin S1 and the third contact pin S3 are respectively vertically inserted from two points B, C on white paper, and the fourth contact pin S4 is vertically inserted on a straight line EF on white paper and is positioned at one side of the point B; the collimator of the spectrometer, the telescope optical axis and the first contact pin S1 are in the same plane by rotating the telescope, and a cursor disc brake screw is screwed to fix the cursor disc position;
loosening a telescope brake screw, rotating the telescope to search for the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2, aligning the vertical line on the reticle with the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2, screwing the telescope screw, enabling the vertical line on the reticle to completely coincide with the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2 by using a telescope fine adjustment screw, and recording the readings t1 indicated on two symmetrical cursors at the moment; similarly, the reading t2 indicated on the two symmetrical cursors when the first pin S1 and the fourth pin S4 are completely overlapped is measured, and the reading t3 indicated on the two symmetrical cursors when the first pin S1 and the third pin S3 are completely overlapped is measured;
the incident angles are obtained from t1 and t2, the refraction angles are obtained from t1 and t3, and the refractive index of the glass cylinder is measured according to a relative refractive index formula.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention improves the precision of angle measurement by using a dispensing mode of a spectrometer on the basis of a pin method, thereby calculating more accurate glass refractive index.
According to the invention, by combining the prior art and selecting different background lights, the refractive indexes of glass with different materials and colors are measured.
The angle measurement method is used for measuring the refractive index of the glass by measuring the included angle between the light path and the glass surface, so that the refractive index of the glass is calculated, but the traditional measurement method is difficult to ensure the measurement accuracy and simultaneously has the advantages of simplicity in operation and cost (namely, expensive equipment is avoided). The optical spectrometer reads on the basis of the pin method, and the accuracy of angle measurement is greatly improved on the basis of keeping the original advantage of simple operation, so that the accuracy of glass refractive index measurement is improved. On the basis, the refractive index of glass with different materials and colors can be measured by selecting different background lights.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a third schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a fourth schematic illustration of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a fifth schematic illustration of an embodiment of the present invention;
the achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a high-precision measurement method of refractive index of a glass cylinder, comprising:
on the basis of spectrometer adjustment, the foam board 1 is horizontally arranged on an objective table of the spectrometer; a white paper 2 is first placed on the foam board 1 and fixed, and a glass cylinder 3 is placed on the white paper 2 as shown in fig. 1. Leaving the outer contour of the glass cylinder on the white paper 2, and marking the outer contour as a first closed curve; the straight line AB on the white paper represents the incident light, where B is the boundary point between the incident light and the first closed curve, and the tangent EF tangent to the glass column is made at the point B, as shown in fig. 2.
Two points M, N on the straight line AB are respectively vertically inserted into the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2; taking the third pin S3, the insertion position of the third pin S3 should be as close to the glass cylinder as possible under the premise of meeting the condition that the first pin S1, the second pin S2 and the third pin overlap, and the route of the third pin S3, which is continuously close to the glass cylinder under the premise of meeting the condition that the first pin S1, the second pin S2 and the third pin overlap, is defined as a first moving path.
The verified background light source is selected according to the material and color of the glass cylinder 3. One skilled in the art can select different background lights, and can measure the refractive indexes of glass with different materials and colors.
Rotating a telescope on the spectrometer to enable a lens of the telescope to be parallel to a first moving path, and then finely adjusting the telescope or a foam plate to enable a superposition image of the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2 to be found in the telescope; the foam deck is held stationary and the first, second and third pins S1, S2 and S3 and the glass cylinder are removed to determine a point on the first closed curve intersecting the telescope optical axis, which point is designated as point C, as shown in fig. 4. The point on the foam deck immediately below point C is designated as point D. In this embodiment, in order to obtain a more accurate position of point C, the method for determining point C is: searching a point on the first closed curve, vertically inserting a fourth contact pin S4 at the point position, rotating a telescope on the spectrometer to search the fourth contact pin S4, aligning a vertical line on the reticle with the fourth contact pin S4, and rotating the object stage by 90 degrees, wherein the vertical line on the reticle is still aligned with the fourth contact pin, and the point on the first closed curve is the point intersecting with the optical axis of the telescope on the first closed curve, namely the point C.
Moving the white paper to vertically coincide with the point B on the white paper and the point D on the foam board; the second pin is vertically inserted from the original pin hole on the white paper, namely, the point N, the first pin S1 and the third pin S3 are respectively vertically inserted from two points B, C on the white paper, and the fourth pin S4 is vertically inserted on the straight line EF on the white paper and is positioned at the side of the point B, as shown in fig. 5. The collimator of the spectrometer, the telescope optical axis and the first contact pin S1 are in the same plane through rotating the telescope, and a cursor disc brake screw is screwed to fix the cursor disc position.
Loosening a telescope brake screw, rotating the telescope to search for the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2, aligning the vertical line on the reticle with the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2, screwing the telescope screw, enabling the vertical line on the reticle to completely coincide with the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2 by using a telescope fine adjustment screw, and recording the readings t1 indicated on two symmetrical cursors at the moment; similarly, the reading t2 indicated on the two symmetrical cursors when the first pin S1 and the fourth pin S4 are completely overlapped is measured, and the reading t3 indicated on the two symmetrical cursors when the first pin S1 and the third pin S3 are completely overlapped is measured. In order to obtain more accurate measurement effect, t1, t2 and t3 are measured repeatedly for a plurality of times and then averaged to obtain the final t1, t2 and t3.
Taking the absolute value of the difference between t1 and t2, subtracting 180 degrees if the absolute value is larger than 180 degrees, and taking the obtained acute angle as i, namely the incident angle; taking the absolute value of the difference between t1 and t3, taking the complement angle if the absolute value is an obtuse angle, and taking the obtained acute angle as r, namely the refraction angle.
Finally, the refractive index of the glass cylinder is measured according to a relative refractive index formula: n=sin i/sin r.
According to the invention, the measurement precision is improved on the premise of not improving the cost through the measurement steps. And when the final reading is performed, the spectrometer is used for direct reading, the accuracy is 50 times of that of the protractor, the accuracy is greatly improved, and the measurement result is more accurate.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the invention without departing from the principles thereof are intended to be within the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. The high-precision measuring method for the refractive index of the glass cylinder is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprising the following steps:
on the basis of the adjustment of the spectrometer, the foam board is horizontally arranged on an objective table of the spectrometer; firstly, placing white paper on a foam board and fixing, placing a glass cylinder on the white paper, and keeping the outer contour line of the glass cylinder on the white paper, and marking the outer contour line as a first closed curve; making a straight line AB on white paper to represent incident light, wherein B is the junction point of the incident light and the first closed curve, and making a tangent EF tangent to the glass column at the point B;
two points M, N on the straight line AB are respectively vertically inserted into the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2; taking a third contact pin S3, wherein the insertion position of the third contact pin S3 is as close to the glass cylinder as possible on the premise of meeting the condition that the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2 are overlapped with the third contact pin, and defining a route of the third contact pin S3, which is continuously close to the glass cylinder on the premise of meeting the condition that the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2 are overlapped with the third contact pin, as a first moving path;
rotating a telescope on the spectrometer to enable a lens of the telescope to be parallel to a first moving path, and then finely adjusting the telescope or a foam plate to enable a superposition image of the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2 to be found in the telescope; the foam board is kept still, the first contact pin S1, the second contact pin S2, the third contact pin S3 and the glass cylinder are removed, a point which is intersected with the optical axis of the telescope on a first closed curve is determined, the point is marked as a point C, and a point on the foam board right below the point C is marked as a point D;
moving the white paper to vertically coincide with the point B on the white paper and the point D on the foam board; the second contact pin is vertically inserted from an original needle hole on white paper, namely N points, the first contact pin S1 and the third contact pin S3 are respectively vertically inserted from two points B, C on white paper, and the fourth contact pin S4 is vertically inserted on a straight line EF on white paper and is positioned at one side of the point B; the collimator of the spectrometer, the telescope optical axis and the first contact pin S1 are in the same plane by rotating the telescope, and a cursor disc brake screw is screwed to fix the cursor disc position;
loosening a telescope brake screw, rotating the telescope to search for the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2, aligning the vertical line on the reticle with the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2, screwing the telescope screw, enabling the vertical line on the reticle to completely coincide with the first contact pin S1 and the second contact pin S2 by using a telescope fine adjustment screw, and recording the readings t1 indicated on two symmetrical cursors at the moment; similarly, the reading t2 indicated on the two symmetrical cursors when the first pin S1 and the fourth pin S4 are completely overlapped is measured, and the reading t3 indicated on the two symmetrical cursors when the first pin S1 and the third pin S3 are completely overlapped is measured;
the incident angles are obtained from t1 and t2, the refraction angles are obtained from t1 and t3, and the refractive index of the glass cylinder is measured according to a relative refractive index formula.
2. The high-precision measurement method of the refractive index of the glass cylinder according to claim 1, wherein: the determination method of the point C is as follows: searching a point on the first closed curve, vertically inserting a fourth contact pin S4 at the point position, rotating a telescope on the spectrometer to search the fourth contact pin S4, aligning a vertical line on the reticle with the fourth contact pin S4, and rotating the object stage by 90 degrees, wherein the vertical line on the reticle is still aligned with the fourth contact pin, and the point on the first closed curve is the point intersecting with the optical axis of the telescope on the first closed curve, namely the point C.
3. The high-precision measurement method of the refractive index of the glass cylinder according to claim 1, wherein: taking the absolute value of the difference between t1 and t2, subtracting 180 degrees if the absolute value is larger than 180 degrees, and taking the obtained acute angle as i, namely the incident angle; taking the absolute value of the difference between t1 and t3, taking the complement angle if the absolute value is an obtuse angle, and taking the obtained acute angle as r, namely the refraction angle.
4. A method for high-precision measurement of refractive index of a glass cylinder according to claim 3, characterized in that: the refractive index n=sini/sinr of the glass cylinder is measured according to the relative refractive index formula.
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