CN114184153B - Stope overburden rock and soil layer composite height guiding monitoring method based on optical fiber and osmometer - Google Patents
Stope overburden rock and soil layer composite height guiding monitoring method based on optical fiber and osmometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114184153B CN114184153B CN202111481535.1A CN202111481535A CN114184153B CN 114184153 B CN114184153 B CN 114184153B CN 202111481535 A CN202111481535 A CN 202111481535A CN 114184153 B CN114184153 B CN 114184153B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
Abstract
The invention discloses a stope overburden rock and soil layer composite height guiding monitoring method based on optical fibers and a osmometer, which comprises the following steps: exploring the working surface and the surrounding ground, collecting exploration data, and calculating the maximum depth of the guide height entering the soil layer; designing a stope overlying rock and soil layer composite height guiding monitoring scheme by using an optical fiber sensor optical cable and an osmometer based on exploration data and the maximum depth of the height guiding entering a soil layer, and laying the optical fiber sensor optical cable and the osmometer based on the monitoring scheme; and collecting monitoring data of the optical fiber sensor optical cable and the osmometer, and analyzing the monitoring data to obtain the composite guide height of the overlying strata and the soil layer of the stope. The method designs the fixed point optical fiber or selects the metal-based cable strain sensing optical cable based on the maximum stretching length of the fracture zone, effectively increases the success rate of optical fiber monitoring, judges the development position of the fracture in the soil layer by observing the change of the reading of the osmometer in the mining process, and determines the height guiding position in the soil layer more accurately based on the comprehensive judgment of the monitoring results of the optical fiber and the osmometer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coal mining, and particularly relates to a stope overburden rock and soil layer composite height guiding monitoring method based on an optical fiber and a osmometer.
Background
In the process of underground mining, the top plate overlying rock of the mining working face can generate obvious moving damage under the action of mine pressure, cracks are generated in a rock stratum, and when the cracks are communicated with each other, a water-guiding crack zone with a water-guiding function can be formed. According to the theory of the upper three zones, the water flowing fractured zone refers to the sum of the caving zone and the fractured zone of the overlying rock layer of the goaf. The mine water damage types are divided into 3 types of roof water damage, floor water damage and peripheral water filling water damage according to the mutual positions and contact relations of the mineable layer and the water filling aquifer. The natural water sources of roof water damage can be divided into surface water bodies (rivers, lakes and seas), huge thick loose aquifers, coal-series roof sandstone aquifers and coal-series roof limestone aquifers. Generally, the water damage of the roof is mainly caused by the fact that a water-guiding fractured zone generated by mining activities is communicated with an overlying water-bearing stratum of a coal seam, namely the water-guiding fractured zone serves as a channel to communicate a mining space with an overlying water source of the coal seam, so that water in the water-bearing stratum enters a working surface, and the accident of the roof water damage is caused. Therefore, the development condition of the water diversion fissure zone is determined, and the method is very important for preventing and controlling the water damage of the roof. The dwarfism coal seam is generally distributed in a thick soil layer distribution area in the west, the buried area is shallow and thick, a water diversion fissure zone generally penetrates through a bedrock and enters the soil layer after the coal seam is mined, the soil layer generally has a certain inhibition effect on height conduction, and the development height of the water conduction zone after the water conduction enters the soil layer? How to accurately monitor its height? Namely, the compound height guide of overlying strata and soil layers of the stope is accurately obtained, and the method has important significance for preventing and controlling water damage of the top plate of the dwarf coal seam.
In the existing monitoring method of the water flowing fractured zone, a method for monitoring by using an optical fiber is provided, which mainly aims at monitoring the height of the water flowing fractured zone in bedrock, the optical fiber is embedded through drilling holes, the optical fiber strain in the advancing process of a working surface is monitored, and a top guiding interface is judged by comparing the optical fiber strain with the ultimate strain of the bedrock; when the height guide is monitored only by the optical fiber, the method has the following defects: on one hand, the principle is mainly that the optical fiber strain and the rock-soil mass ultimate strain are compared to judge a high-lift interface, however, the coal seam overburden rock mining movement is strong, when the optical fiber strain is larger than the rock-soil mass ultimate strain, only the damage of the position can be judged, and whether the crack (possibly a horizontal crack, a separation layer and the like) at the position is communicated with the crack at the lower part cannot be judged, so that a monitoring result has a certain error; in addition, because the mining overburden rock movement belongs to typical large deformation, a monitoring signal line is easily sheared or pulled by horizontal or vertical stress in the monitoring process to cause measurement failure, so that the monitoring success rate is low.
In the aspect of mining, the osmometer mainly used monitoring adopts the in-process aquifer water level variation of process or carries out the early warning of colliery gushing water, one kind is to bury the osmometer in the roof aquifer water level variation, monitoring adopts in-process aquifer water level variation, perhaps buries the osmometer in the water barrier underground, monitoring adopts in-process osmometer variation, early warning adopts the more than aquifer water leakage condition of in-process aquifer. However, the existing osmometer monitoring method cannot be applied to soil layer height guiding monitoring, and the main reasons are as follows: (1) the interval between the osmometers is too large, the osmometers are embedded in the aquifer, the periphery of the osmometers is not a closed water source, the change of the monitored aquifer can only judge the water level reduction, and the change can be that water flows into a separation space or supplies other aquifers and cannot reflect the position of the crack development; (2) the osmometer is buried in the soil horizon, and the periphery of the osmometer is anhydrous for the reading is close to zero, and the reading of the osmometer changes (generally increases) in the mining process, and only can indicate that the aquifer above the osmometer leaks, and can not judge the high-top guiding interface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a stope overburden rock and soil layer composite height guiding monitoring method based on optical fibers and a osmometer, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a stope overburden rock and soil layer composite height guiding monitoring method based on an optical fiber and a osmometer, which comprises the following steps:
exploring the working face and the surrounding ground and collecting exploration data, and calculating the maximum depth of the guide height entering the soil layer based on the exploration data;
designing a stope overlying rock and soil layer composite height guiding monitoring scheme by using an optical fiber sensor optical cable and an osmometer based on the exploration data and the maximum depth of the height guiding entering a soil layer, and laying the optical fiber sensor optical cable and the osmometer based on the monitoring scheme;
and collecting monitoring data of the optical fiber sensor optical cable and the osmometer, and analyzing the monitoring data to obtain the composite guide height of the overlying strata and the soil layer of the stope.
Optionally, the process of surveying the working surface and the surrounding ground and collecting survey data includes:
collecting the exploration drilling holes on the working face and the peripheral ground, and analyzing to obtain exploration data, wherein the exploration data comprises: the thickness of the coal layer of the working face, the buried depth of the coal layer, the thickness of the bedrock of the top plate of the coal layer, the buried depth of the soil layer bottom interface and the spatial distribution of the thickness of the soil layer.
Optionally, the process of calculating the maximum depth of the lead-up into the soil layer based on the exploration data includes:
calculating based on the thickness of the coal layer of the working face to obtain the maximum composite height guiding value of the bedrock and the soil layer;
and obtaining the maximum depth of the guiding height entering the soil layer based on the thickness of the bedrock of the coal seam roof and the maximum composite guiding height of the bedrock and the soil layer.
Optionally, in the process of calculating based on the thickness of the working face coal seam to obtain the maximum composite height of the bedrock and the soil layer, the following formula is adopted:
Hf＝γ·Mcoal (coal)
In the formula, HfIn order to predict the bed rock height, gamma is the splitting and mining ratio of the local area height in bed rock development, MCoal (coal)Is the working face coal thickness.
Optionally, based on the exploration data and the maximum depth of the elevation into the soil layer, designing a composite elevation monitoring scheme for the overlying strata and the soil layer of the stope by using an optical fiber sensor cable and an osmometer, and laying the optical fiber sensor cable and the osmometer based on the monitoring scheme comprises:
designing the length of an optical fiber sensor optical cable based on the buried depth of the soil bottom interface, wherein the optical fiber sensor optical cable adopts a mining fixed point optical fiber or a metal-based cable-shaped strain sensing optical cable;
the monitoring range of the osmometer is set based on the maximum depth of the guide height entering the soil layer, the series circuit of the osmometer is manufactured based on the monitoring range of the osmometer, and the osmometer is buried in the drilling monitoring range section based on the series circuit of the osmometer.
Optionally, in the process of designing the length of the optical fiber sensor cable based on the burial depth of the soil layer bottom interface, the length of the optical fiber sensor cable is +10cm of the burial depth of the soil layer bottom interface, and the optical fiber sensor cable is buried by using a U-shaped loop.
Optionally, when the optical fiber sensor cable adopts the mining fixed point optical fiber, the tensile limit of the mining fixed point optical fiber is set to be 2% of the length of the mining fixed point optical fiber.
Optionally, burying a plurality of osmometers in a borehole monitoring range section based on the series connection of the osmometers comprises:
a plurality of the osmometers are uniformly arranged at intervals of 2m according to the series line, clay balls and quartz sand with mixed particle size are adopted for interval backfilling, and the interval backfilling method comprises the following steps:
and backfilling the quartz sand with the mixed particle size within 0.5m of the position of the osmometer, backfilling 1m of the clay ball between the osmometers, and filling water into the quartz sand with the mixed particle size backfilled around the osmometer, so that the display value of the osmometer is more than or equal to 0.05 MPa.
Optionally, the monitoring data of the optical fiber sensor cable and the osmometer are collected, and the monitoring data is analyzed to obtain the composite elevation of the overlying strata and the soil layer of the stope, wherein the composite elevation process comprises the following steps:
the monitoring data comprises first monitoring data and second monitoring data, the monitoring data of the optical fiber sensor cable is collected to be used as the first monitoring data, and the monitoring data of the osmometer is collected to be used as the second monitoring data;
if the situation that the tensile strain value is larger than the maximum limit tensile strain value of the soil is monitored in the first monitoring data, the corresponding soil layer is considered to be damaged;
if in the second monitoring data, the reading of the osmometer is monitored to be reduced, and the reading of the other osmometers below the osmometer is reduced, the high-top guiding interface is considered to exist between the osmometer with the first reduced reading and the osmometer above the osmometer, the area between the osmometer with the first reduced reading and the osmometer above the osmometer is taken as the area to be detected, the first monitoring data of the area to be detected is analyzed, and the position of the high-top guiding interface is judged.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the soil layer fracture height judging method based on the osmometer has the advantages that the fixed point optical fiber is designed based on the maximum stretching length of the fracture zone or the metal-based cable-shaped strain sensing optical cable is selected, the success rate of optical fiber monitoring is effectively increased, meanwhile, the multiple purposes of one hole are considered, the osmometer is buried at intervals in the soil layer, the development position of the fracture in the soil layer is judged by observing the change of the reading value of the osmometer in the mining process, and the height guiding position in the soil layer is more accurately determined based on the comprehensive judgment of the monitoring results of the optical fiber and the osmometer.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the application, and the description of the exemplary embodiments of the application are intended to be illustrative of the application and are not intended to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of monitoring a mining area in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the monitoring result of the optical fiber when the working surface is pushed through the monitoring hole 78m according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the monitoring results of the osmometer in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and that, although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than presented herein.
The invention discloses a stope overburden rock and soil layer composite height guiding monitoring method based on optical fibers and a osmometer, wherein a flow chart of the monitoring method is shown in figure 1, and the monitoring method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting and analyzing the working surface and the peripheral geological exploration data.
Collecting exploration drilling holes on the working face and the peripheral ground, and analyzing to obtain the thickness of the coal layer of the working face, the buried depth of the coal layer, the thickness of bedrock of a top plate of the coal layer, the buried depth of a bottom interface of the soil layer and the spatial distribution of the thickness of the soil layer.
And S2, predicting the maximum depth of the guide height entering the soil layer.
If the inhibition effect of the soil layer on the height conduction is not considered, the maximum value of the composite height conduction of the bedrock and the soil layer is the height conduction value H when the working face top plate is all the bedrockfThe thickness of the coal seam can be substituted into a local bedrock height-leading prediction empirical formula:
Hf＝γ·Mcoal (coal)
In the formula, HfThe unit is m for predicting the bed rock lead height; gamma is the crack mining ratio of the local area lead height in the development of bedrock; mCoal (coal)Is the thickness of the coal bed and has the unit of m. Obtaining the maximum value H of the composite height of the bedrock and the soil layer through calculationfAnd further according to the thickness M of the bed rock of the coal seam roofBase ofPredicting the maximum depth of the lead height entering the soil layer to be H±＝Hf-MBase (C)。
S3, selecting an optical fiber sensing optical cable and a osmometer, and designing a stope overlying strata and soil layer composite height guiding monitoring scheme.
If the depth of the soil layer bottom interface is d±Then design the length of the fixed-point fiber as d±+10m, a mining fixed point optical fiber or a metal-based cable-shaped strain sensing optical cable can be selected and embedded by adopting a U-shaped loop; designing the monitoring range of the osmometer as d below the earth surface according to the maximum depth of the soil layer into which the predicted height guide enters±-H±～d±And manufacturing a series circuit of the osmometers, and embedding the series circuit in a drilling monitoring range section.
The tensile limit of the mining fixed point optical fiber is 2% of the optical fiber length, the optical fiber is not broken as much as possible in the monitoring process, the monitoring precision is guaranteed, and if the maximum tensile length h of a rock stratum in a fracture zone is equal to or less than the maximum tensile length h, the mining fixed point optical fiber is designed
The maximum stretching length of the rock stratum in the fractured zone can be calculated according to the local zone field test result or by adopting the following formula:
h＝Mcoal (coal)-HCollapse(KP-1)
In the formula, MCoal (coal)Is the thickness of the coal bed and has the unit of m; hCollapseThe unit is m, which is the height of a coal seam mining caving zone; kPThe average crushing expansion coefficient of the rock stratum in the range of the collapse zone.
The osmometer series circuit is manufactured and buried in a drilling monitoring range section, and the osmometer series circuit is specifically characterized in that: the osmometers are uniformly arranged at intervals of 2m, and are backfilled at intervals by clay balls and quartz sand with mixed particle sizes, namely the square circle of the point of the osmometer is backfilled by the quartz sand with the mixed particle size within 0.5m, the clay balls with the diameter of 1m are backfilled among the osmometers, and the backfilled quartz sand with the mixed particle size around the osmometers is ensured to be filled with water, so that the display value of the osmometers is more than or equal to 0.05 MPa.
And S4, collecting optical fiber strain and osmometer water pressure monitoring data.
The working face starts monitoring when advancing to apart from monitoring hole horizontal distance L, stops monitoring when the working face advances monitoring hole L, and L can adopt the following formula to calculate and confirm:
in the formula (d)Coal (coal)The unit is m, which is the coal seam buried depth; and theta is the coal seam mining collapse angle and is expressed in degrees.
And S5, analyzing the monitoring result to obtain the composite guide height of the overlying strata and the soil layer of the stope.
According to optical fiber monitoring data, if the measured tensile strain epsilon is larger than the maximum limit tensile strain epsilon' of the soil, the soil layer at the position is considered to be damaged; according to the monitoring data of the osmometers, if the reading of the osmometer at a certain position is reduced and the reading of the osmometer below the position is reduced, the high-leading top interface can be considered to be positioned between the position and the upper osmometer, the data of the section of optical fiber is further analyzed, and the high-leading top interface can be further accurately judged.
In order to verify the technical effect, the invention collects and analyzes the drill holes of the working face and the peripheral ground of a certain well field, the thickness of the coal layer of the working face is 8.0-11.2 m, the burial depth of the coal layer is 250.0-266.0 m, the thickness of the bedrock of the top plate of the coal layer is 160.0-220.0 m, the burial depth of the bottom interface of the loess layer is 40.0-86.0 m, and the thickness of the loess layer is 20.5-47.9 m. The thickness of the coal seam at the designed monitoring drilling position is about 8.9m, the buried depth of the coal seam is about 255m, the thickness of the bedrock of the top plate of the coal seam is about 180m, the buried depth of the loess layer bottom interface is about 75.0m, and the thickness of the loess layer is about 26 m.
If the inhibiting effect of the soil layer on the height conduction is not considered, the maximum composite height conduction value of the bedrock and the soil layer is the height conduction value when the working face top plate is all bedrock, and the height conduction of the local area is generally 22 times of the cracking ratio of the bedrock in the development process, H isf＝γ·MCoal (coal)When the maximum depth of the guide height into the soil layer is 22 multiplied by 8.9, 195.8m, the maximum depth of the guide height into the soil layer is predicted to be H±＝Hf-MBase (C)＝195.8-180＝15.8m。
Further, a metal-based cable-shaped strain sensing optical cable and a fixed-point optical fiber are selected, U-shaped arrangement is adopted, and the design length is d±The +10m is 85.0m, the maximum stretching length of the soil layer in the local region fracture zone is 2-20 mm, and 2m fixed-point optical fibers are arranged under conservative consideration; the monitoring range of the osmometer is d below the earth surface±-H±～d±Manufacturing a series circuit of osmometers, uniformly arranging the osmometers at an interval of 2m, backfilling clay balls and quartz sand with mixed particle sizes at intervals, namely backfilling the point square circle of the osmometer within 0.5m by using the quartz sand with the mixed particle sizes, backfilling 1m clay balls among the osmometers, and ensuring that the quartz sand with the mixed particle sizes backfilled around the osmometer is filled with water, so that the display value of the osmometer is more than or equal to 0.05MPa, wherein the specific design is shown in figure 2.
The mining collapse angle of the coal seam in the area is 73 degrees, the coal seam burial depth is combined, the monitoring starting distance L can be calculated and determined to be 78m, monitoring is started when the working face is pushed to the horizontal distance 78m away from the monitoring hole, and monitoring is stopped when the working face is pushed to the monitoring hole 78m, and the specific figure is shown in figure 3.
Monitoring data can be obtained through monitoring and a curve can be drawn, the monitoring result of the optical fiber is shown in figure 4 when the working face pushes through the monitoring hole 78m, and the monitoring result of the osmometer is shown in figure 5. The tensile strength of loess is about 7kPa on average; the ultimate tensile strain is about 4500 mu epsilon, the strain below the burial depth of 5m, the burial depth of 45-53 m and the burial depth of 68m is larger than the ultimate strain of loess according to the monitoring result of an osmometer, the reading of the osmometer below the burial depth of 69m is reduced according to the monitoring result of the osmometer, the reduction value exceeds 70 percent of the initial value of the osmometer, the osmometer at the position of 67m is basically unchanged, the height-guiding top interface is positioned between the burial depth of 67 m-69 m, the burial depth of the height-guiding top interface is about 68m according to the comprehensive optical fiber monitoring result, and the composite height of the working face mining overburden and the soil layer is 187 m.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A stope overlying rock and soil layer composite height guiding monitoring method based on optical fibers and osmometers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
exploring the working face and the peripheral ground and collecting exploration data, wherein the exploration data comprise the buried depth of a soil layer bottom interface, and the maximum depth of the guide height entering the soil layer is calculated based on the exploration data;
designing a stope overlying rock and soil layer composite height guiding monitoring scheme by using an optical fiber sensor optical cable and an osmometer based on the exploration data and the maximum depth of the height guiding entering a soil layer, and laying the optical fiber sensor optical cable and the osmometer based on the monitoring scheme;
designing the length of an optical fiber sensor optical cable based on the buried depth of the soil bottom interface, wherein the optical fiber sensor optical cable adopts a mining fixed point optical fiber or a metal-based cable-shaped strain sensing optical cable;
setting a monitoring range of an osmometer based on the maximum depth of the guide height entering the soil layer, manufacturing a series circuit of the osmometers based on the monitoring range of the osmometer, and embedding a plurality of the osmometers in a drilling hole monitoring range section based on the series circuit of the osmometers;
collecting monitoring data of the optical fiber sensor optical cable and the osmometer, and analyzing the monitoring data to obtain the composite guide height of overlying rocks and soil layers of the stope;
the monitoring data comprises first monitoring data and second monitoring data, the monitoring data of the optical fiber sensor optical cable is collected to be used as the first monitoring data, and the monitoring data of the osmometer is collected to be used as the second monitoring data;
if the situation that the tensile strain value is larger than the maximum limit tensile strain value of the soil is monitored in the first monitoring data, the corresponding soil layer is considered to be damaged;
if in the second monitoring data, the reading of the osmometer is monitored to be reduced, and the reading of the other osmometers below the osmometer is reduced, the high-top guiding interface is considered to exist between the osmometer with the first reduced reading and the osmometer above the osmometer, the area between the osmometer with the first reduced reading and the osmometer above the osmometer is taken as the area to be detected, the first monitoring data of the area to be detected is analyzed, and the position of the high-top guiding interface is judged.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein surveying the work surface and surrounding ground and collecting survey data comprises:
collecting the exploration drilling holes on the working face and the peripheral ground, and analyzing to obtain exploration data, wherein the exploration data further comprises: the thickness of the coal layer of the working face, the buried depth of the coal layer, the thickness of the bedrock of the top plate of the coal layer and the spatial distribution of the thickness of the soil layer.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein calculating the maximum depth of penetration into the earth based on the survey data comprises:
calculating based on the thickness of the coal seam of the working face to obtain the maximum composite height guiding value of the bedrock and the soil layer;
and obtaining the maximum depth of the guiding height entering the soil layer based on the thickness of the bedrock of the coal seam roof and the maximum composite guiding height of the bedrock and the soil layer.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the calculation based on the thickness of the coal layer on the working face adopts the following formula in the process of obtaining the maximum composite height guiding value of the bedrock and the soil layer:
Hf＝γ.Mcoal (coal)
In the formula, HfFor predicting bedrock lead height, gamma is the crack mining ratio of the local lead height in bedrock development, MCoal (coal)Is the working face coal seam thickness.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of designing the length of the optical fiber sensor cable based on the burial depth of the soil bed interface, the length of the optical fiber sensor cable is +10cm of the burial depth of the soil bed interface, and the optical fiber sensor cable is buried by using a U-shaped loop.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein when the fiber sensor cable is a mine site fiber, the tensile limit of the mine site fiber is set to 2% of the length of the mine site fiber.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein embedding a number of the osmometers in a borehole monitoring range segment based on a series line of the osmometers comprises:
a plurality of the osmometers are uniformly arranged at intervals of 2m according to the series line, clay balls and quartz sand with mixed particle size are adopted for interval backfilling, and the interval backfilling method comprises the following steps:
and backfilling the quartz sand with the mixed particle size within 0.5m of the square circle of the position of the osmometer, backfilling 1m of clay balls among the osmometers, and filling water into the quartz sand with the mixed particle size backfilled around the osmometer to ensure that the display value of the osmometer is more than or equal to 0.05 MPa.
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| CN112945188B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-10-22 | 中国矿业大学 | Rock stratum settlement magnetic induction monitoring device and operation method thereof |
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