CN111382504A - Coal seam mining overburden settlement state identification method - Google Patents
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for identifying the subsidence state of a coal seam mining overburden rock, which is characterized in that a sensing optical fiber is vertically arranged in the coal seam overburden rock in a drilling arrangement mode, the strain distribution of the overburden rock along with time caused by coal seam mining is measured, the height of a water guide crack zone is determined based on the shearing stress and the strain value of the sensing optical fiber, and the development heights of a caving zone and the crack zone are comprehensively judged in combination with the 'building, water body, railway and main roadway coal pillar reservation and coal pressing mining specification'. And constructing a coal seam mining overlying rock zonal settlement calculation model, calculating settlement amounts of a caving zone, a fissure zone, a bending subsidence zone and an upper rock-soil body in mining overlying rock, and accumulating the settlement amounts of all zones to obtain the surface settlement amount caused by coal seam mining. The method has the advantages of distributed monitoring, simple and convenient flow, high identification precision and the like, is suitable for mastering the deformation evolution rule of the coal seam mining overburden rock along with time and judging the sedimentation stability, and has wide practicability in the technical field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for identifying a overburden settlement state caused by coal seam mining, in particular to a method for identifying a overburden settlement state based on a distributed optical fiber sensing technology.
Background
The coal seam mining causes the upper rock-soil body to deform and damage and move to the goaf, and a caving zone, a crack zone and a bending subsidence zone are gradually formed in overlying strata. Factors such as the trend, the inclination and the burial depth of the coal bed and the working face affect the deformation range and the damage degree of the overlying strata. Therefore, the method determines the time-dependent change value of the coal seam mining overburden rock settlement, identifies the deformation and damage state of the overburden rock, and has important significance for coal seam mining overburden rock stratum control and goaf development and management.
The existing method for monitoring the subsidence of the overlying strata during coal mining mainly utilizes the advantages of high space positioning, high deformation sensitivity and high spatial resolution of a total station, a GPS technology, an SAR technology and an InSAR technology to monitor the continuous subsidence of the earth surface of a coal mining area of a coal mine to obtain the subsidence distribution of the overlying strata during coal mining, but the method mainly measures the ground subsidence of the coal mining area and is difficult to master the deformation condition inside the overlying strata. In the aspect of coal seam mining overlying strata settlement calculation research by adopting a Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) technology and an underground radon concentration detection technology, certain errors exist in the accuracy of measurement precision. The coal seam burial depth of a coal mine generally reaches hundreds of meters, even exceeds thousands of meters, and the measurement method based on point type sensors such as a displacement meter, a steel bar stress meter and the like easily has the problems of missing detection, low precision, easy electromagnetic interference and the like due to the limited number of the sensors which are buried.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mining overburden settlement calculation method with overburden zone calculation, simple and convenient calculation model and real-time monitoring based on overburden strain distribution of a distributed optical fiber sensing technology aiming at the problems in overburden settlement calculation caused by coal seam mining in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for identifying a coal seam mining overburden settlement state comprises the following steps:
step 1: vertically arranging a sensing optical fiber in overlying strata above a coal seam of a coal mine, and connecting the sensing optical fiber with a distributed optical fiber testing instrument to obtain strain distribution along a monitoring section in the process of overlying strata settlement;
step 2: according to the strain distribution of the overburden rock monitoring section, calculating the strain gradient of the overburden rock strain along with the depth of the section to obtain the shear stress of the sensing optical fiber caused by coal seam mining;
and step 3: judging the height of a water guiding crack zone of the coal seam mining overburden rock according to the shear stress borne by the sensing optical fiber and the strain distribution of the overburden rock, and calculating and comprehensively judging the development height of a caving zone according to an empirical formula;
and 4, step 4: respectively constructing settlement calculation models of rock and soil masses of the collapse zone, the fracture zone and the bending subsidence zone;
and 5: and substituting the values of the mining overburden rock strain variables into the corresponding settlement calculation model according to the positions of each sub-zone of the overburden rock to obtain a curve of the coal seam mining overburden rock settlement along with the time, and judging the settlement stability.
Further, in the step 2, strain gradient and shear stress borne by the sensing optical fiber are calculated according to the strain distribution of the coal seam mining overburden rock;
the calculation formula related to the shear stress of the sensing optical fiber is as follows
In the formula
Calculating the strain gradient of the sensing optical fiber along the vertical direction of the coal seam from the earth surface;
e is the elastic modulus of the sensing optical fiber;
and D is the diameter of the sensing optical fiber.
Further, in the step 3, the shearing stress sign is determined as the height of the water guide crack zone in the overburden rock from the position corresponding to the highest point with positive rotation and negative rotation; the empirical formula is a caving zone height calculation formula for the layered mining of the thick coal seam of the attached table 4-1 in the specification of coal pillar setting and coal pressing mining of buildings, water bodies, railways and main roadways.
Further, in the step 4, respectively constructing settlement calculation models of rock and soil masses of the collapse zone, the fissure zone and the bending subsidence zone;
(1) the settlement calculation model of the caving zone rock mass is
In the formula, Wb(h1) To collapse with a height of h1The rock mass subsides; n is the height h of the caving zone1The number of the inner optical fiber monitoring points; lambda is the sampling interval of the distributed optical fiber testing instrument; epsilonmThe measured value of the strain of the collapse zone is measured through the sensing optical fiber; d is a rock damage factor;
contact parameters between rock masses are shown; k0Initial coefficient of crushing and swelling;
(2) the settlement calculation model of the fractured zone rock mass is
In the formula, Wd(h2) The height of the fissure zone is h2The rock mass subsides; m is the height of the fissure zone h2The number of the inner optical fiber monitoring points; sigmaiIs the stress intensity; epsiloniIs the plastic strain strength; e is the rock elastic modulus;
(3) the settlement calculation model of the bending subsidence zone and the upper rock-soil body is
In the formula, Wc(h3) For bending the sunken zone and having an upper height h3The rock and soil mass subsides; p is a curved sunken zone and the upper height is h3The number of the inner optical fiber monitoring points.
Further, in step 5, substituting the dependent variable of each sub-zone into the corresponding calculation model to obtain the subsidence of each sub-zone of the overlying strata, or accumulating the subsidence of each sub-zone to obtain the ground subsidence. And (3) taking the change rate of the rock-soil body settlement along with time in the mining overburden rock as a stability evaluation standard, and judging the evolution rule and the stable condition of the rock-soil body settlement amount along with time in any section of the upper part caused by coal seam mining.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, the sensing optical fiber is arranged in the coal seam mining overburden rock in a mode of arranging the vertical drilling holes, the strain distribution of the overburden rock along with time in the coal seam mining process is monitored, the strain gradient and the shear stress borne by the sensing optical fiber are calculated, and the development characteristics of a caving zone, a fissure zone and a bending subsidence zone in the overburden rock are obtained by combining the stress value of the overburden rock and the judgment of building, water body, railway and main roadway coal pillar reservation and coal pressing mining specification. The settlement calculation models of the overlying strata sub-zones are constructed to obtain settlement of the caving zone, the fracture zone, the bending subsidence zone and the upper rock-soil body, and the stable evaluation of the overlying strata settlement is realized by combining the coal seam mining process, the change rate of the settlement of the overlying strata sub-zones of the coal mine goaf along with the time and the change rate of the surface settlement of the coal seam mining area along with the time. The method has the advantages of distributed monitoring, simple and convenient flow, high identification precision and the like, is suitable for mastering the evolution rule of overlying strata settlement along with time in the coal seam mining process and the coal mine goaf and judging the settlement stability, and has wide practicability in the technical field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2(a) is a overburden strain distribution diagram in the coal seam mining process, and fig. 2(b) is determination of the height of a water flowing fractured zone based on shear stress, and the height of a caving zone is determined by combining a 'normative' method.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of coal seam mining overburden settlement calculation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The invention provides a method for calculating overlying strata settlement in a coal seam mining process and a coal mine goaf, which comprises a method for dividing a mining overlying strata caving zone, a fissure zone and a bending subsidence zone, a mining overlying strata partition settlement calculation model and a settlement evolution characteristic identification method.
1. The method for dividing the mining overburden rock caving zone, the fissure zone and the bending subsidence zone comprises the following steps:
1.1, vertically arranging the sensing optical fibers in the overlying strata of the coal seam to obtain the strain distribution along the monitoring section in the deformation process of the overlying strata during coal seam mining.
(1) After drilling and excavating are carried out on the coal seam mining overburden rock monitoring points, the sensing optical fiber is vertically arranged on the ground to the overburden rock monitoring depth of a coal seam roof, and concrete slurry with the strength close to that of surrounding rocks is prepared for filling.
(2) And connecting the sensing optical fiber reserved on the ground with distributed optical fiber demodulation equipment, and monitoring the value of the stress variable of the coal seam mining overburden rock along with time.
1.2, calculating the strain gradient of the sensing optical fiber in the deformation process of the mining overburden rock according to the strain distribution of the overburden rock monitoring section to obtain the shear stress of the sensing optical fiber. The calculation formula of the shear stress applied to the sensing optical fiber is
Wherein E is the elastic modulus of the sensing optical fiber; d is the diameter of the sensing optical fiber;
the strain gradient of the optical fiber is sensed from the earth surface along the vertical direction of the coal seam.
(1) When separation occurs between rock stratums, the shear stress borne by the sensing optical fibers on the upper and lower interfaces of the separation is opposite; when compression occurs between rock formations, the shear stress at the upper and lower interfaces of the compression face is back-facing.
(2) And determining the highest position corresponding to the positive-to-negative change point of the shear stress direction from bottom to top according to the shear stress distribution diagram borne by the sensing optical fiber, and marking the highest position as the height of the water guide crack zone when the rock stratum deformation of the highest position is in a failure or critical failure state. And determining the height of the overlying strata caving zone according to a caving zone height calculation formula of the layered mining of the thick coal seam of the attached table 4-1 in the specification of building, water body, railway and main roadway coal pillar setting and coal pressing mining.
In the prior art, the height of the water guide crack belt is determined according to a water guide crack belt height calculation formula for layered mining of a 4-2 thick coal seam attached to a table in the specification of building, water body, railway and main roadway coal pillar setting and coal pressing mining. In practical application, a certain value range is provided by a water guide crack belt height empirical formula recommended by 'specification' according to the differences of geological conditions, overlying strata structures, mining processes and the like of coal mines, and the accurate height is difficult to calculate. The following table shows the comparison between the determination of the height of the water-guiding fissure zone in the big willow coal mine, and it can be seen from the table that the calculation method provided by the embodiment is closer to the measured value, and the calculated value of the "normative" empirical formula includes the measured value and the calculation method provided by the embodiment.
Height determination comparison table for water guide crack belt of large willow tower coal mine
2. And the mining overburden rock zonal settlement calculation model comprises settlement calculation models of a collapse zone, a fracture zone, a bending subsidence zone and upper rock and soil bodies.
2.1, the derivation process of the settlement calculation model of the caving zone rock mass is
According to an empirical formula of the stress-strain relation of the caving zone, the stress-strain relation of the rock mass at the strain monitoring point is
In the formula
Vertical strain of the caving zone rock mass; e is the rock elastic modulus; epsilonmStrain measured for the sensing fiber; epsilonmaxThe maximum strain of the rock mass in the axial direction and the initial coefficient of crushing and expansion K of the collapse zone0And (4) calculating.
The caving zone rock mass exists in a broken state, and compression deformation of the caving zone rock mass mainly has two forms. One is the compression deformation of the rock block body, and the other is the space structure volume compression caused by the arrangement distribution change between the rocks. Based on the above, the rock mass in the caving zone is vertically strained
With optical fibre monitoring strain epsilonmThe relationship between is
Wherein D is a rock damage factor;
the contact parameter between rock blocks is related to the included angle of the friction surface between the two blocks and the roughness; theta is an included angle between a tangent line of a sliding friction surface between the rock blocks and the horizontal direction; mu is the friction coefficient between rock blocks.
Vertical strain of caving zone rock mass
Including continuous deformation and discontinuous deformation of the caving zone rock mass.
The settlement of the rock mass in the caving zone can be obtained by accumulating the strain value at the monitoring point and the strain value borne by the lower rock mass, namely the settlement calculation model of any height in the rock mass in the caving zone is
In the formula, Wb(h1) To collapse with a height of h1The rock mass subsides; n is the height h of the caving zone1The number of the inner optical fiber monitoring points; and lambda is the sampling interval of the distributed optical fiber testing instrument.
2.2 derivation process of settlement calculation model of fractured zone rock mass
Assuming the rock mass in the damage area as a continuously deformed elastoplastic body
In the formula
Vertical elastic strain of the rock mass at the monitoring point;
the vertical plastic strain of the rock mass at the monitoring point is obtained.
Assuming that the deformation of the rock mass in the overlying strata damage region of coal seam mining conforms to the full theory, then
Obtaining the rock mass strain of the damaged area according to the elastic strain of the rock mass of the damaged area and the constitutive equation of the damaged rock mass
Strain epsilon with monitoring point of damaged areamIn relation to each other, i.e.
In the formula sigmaiIs the stress intensity; epsiloniIs the plastic strain strength; e is the rock modulus of elasticity.
The settlement calculation model of the rock mass with any height related to the fractured zone is
In the formula, Wd(h2) The height of the fissure zone is h2The rock mass subsides; m is the height of the fissure zone h2The number of the inner optical fiber monitoring points.
2.3, if the strain at the monitoring points of the bending subsidence zone and the upper rock-soil body is equal to the real strain, the settlement calculation model of the bending subsidence zone and the upper rock-soil body is
In the formula, Wc(h3) For bending the sunken zone and having an upper height h3The rock and soil mass subsides; p is a curved sunken zone and the upper height is h3Internal fiber monitoringThe number of dots.
3. The mining overburden rock settlement evolution characteristic identification method mainly comprises overburden rock layered settlement and ground total settlement.
3.1 according to a coal seam mining overburden zone settlement calculation formula, calculating settlement of the rock layer in any section range in the zone, and accumulating the settlement of each zone to obtain the total ground settlement.
3.2 the rate of change of rock-soil mass settlement in overburden as a stability evaluation criterion was as follows:
(1) when the settlement change rate of the rock and soil mass in the mining overburden rock gradually decreases and tends to be 0, the section is in a stable stage;
(2) when the settlement change rate of the rock and soil mass in the mining overburden rock is kept unchanged, the section is in a uniform settlement stage;
(3) when the settlement change rate of the rock and soil mass in the mining overburden rock is gradually increased, the settlement stage is accelerated in the section.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for identifying a coal seam mining overburden settlement state is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: vertically arranging a sensing optical fiber in overlying strata above a coal seam of a coal mine, and connecting the sensing optical fiber with a distributed optical fiber testing instrument to obtain strain distribution along a monitoring section in the process of overlying strata settlement;
step 2: according to the strain distribution of the overburden rock monitoring section, calculating the strain gradient of the overburden rock strain along with the depth of the section to obtain the shear stress of the sensing optical fiber caused by coal seam mining;
and step 3: judging the height of a water guiding crack zone of the coal seam mining overburden rock according to the shear stress borne by the sensing optical fiber and the strain distribution of the overburden rock, and calculating and comprehensively judging the development height of a caving zone according to an empirical formula;
and 4, step 4: respectively constructing settlement calculation models of rock and soil masses of the collapse zone, the fracture zone and the bending subsidence zone;
and 5: and substituting the values of the mining overburden rock strain variables into the corresponding settlement calculation model according to the positions of each sub-zone of the overburden rock to obtain a curve of the coal seam mining overburden rock settlement along with the time, and judging the settlement stability.
2. The method for identifying the coal seam mining overburden settlement state as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the strain gradient and the shear stress borne by the sensing optical fiber are calculated according to the strain distribution of the coal seam mining overburden;
the calculation formula related to the shear stress of the sensing optical fiber is as follows
In the formula
Calculating the strain gradient of the sensing optical fiber along the vertical direction of the coal seam from the earth surface;
e is the elastic modulus of the sensing optical fiber;
and D is the diameter of the sensing optical fiber.
3. The method for identifying the coal seam mining overburden settlement state as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the shear stress sign is determined as the height of a water guide crack zone in the overburden from the position corresponding to the highest point with positive rotation and negative rotation; the empirical formula is a caving zone height calculation formula for the layered mining of the thick coal seam of the attached table 4-1 in the specification of coal pillar setting and coal pressing mining of buildings, water bodies, railways and main roadways.
4. The method for calculating the overburden settlement during coal seam mining according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, settlement calculation models of rock and soil mass of a collapse zone, a fissure zone and a bending subsidence zone are respectively constructed;
(1) the settlement calculation model of the caving zone rock mass is
In the formula, Wb(h1) To collapse with a height of h1The rock mass subsides; n is the height h of the caving zone1The number of the inner optical fiber monitoring points; lambda is the sampling interval of the distributed optical fiber testing instrument; epsilonmThe measured value of the strain of the collapse zone is measured through the sensing optical fiber; d is a rock damage factor;
contact parameters between rock masses are shown; k0Initial coefficient of crushing and swelling;
(2) the settlement calculation model of the fractured zone rock mass is
In the formula, Wd(h2) The height of the fissure zone is h2The rock mass subsides; m is the height of the fissure zone h2The number of the inner optical fiber monitoring points; sigmaiIs the stress intensity; epsiloniIs the plastic strain strength; e is the rock elastic modulus;
(3) the settlement calculation model of the bending subsidence zone and the upper rock-soil body is
In the formula, Wc(h3) For bending the sunken zone and having an upper height h3The rock and soil mass subsides; p is a curved sunken zone and the upper height is h3The number of the inner optical fiber monitoring points.
5. The method for calculating the subsidence of the mining overburden rock of the coal seam as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the strain amount of each sub-zone is substituted into the corresponding calculation model to obtain the subsidence amount of each sub-zone of the overburden rock, or the subsidence amounts of each sub-zone are accumulated to obtain the ground subsidence amount, the change rate of the subsidence of the rock and soil mass in the mining overburden rock along with the time is used as a stability evaluation standard, and the evolution rule and the stable condition of the subsidence amount of any section of the rock and soil mass in the upper part caused by coal seam mining along with the time are judged.
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