CN114182175A - Forklift drive axle housing and casting process thereof - Google Patents
Forklift drive axle housing and casting process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114182175A CN114182175A CN202111461620.1A CN202111461620A CN114182175A CN 114182175 A CN114182175 A CN 114182175A CN 202111461620 A CN202111461620 A CN 202111461620A CN 114182175 A CN114182175 A CN 114182175A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
- B60B35/12—Torque-transmitting axles
- B60B35/16—Axle housings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
- B60B2310/20—Shaping
- B60B2310/202—Shaping by casting
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an axle housing of a forklift drive axle and a casting process thereof, wherein the forklift drive axle comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.3 to 0.4 percent of C, 0.15 to 0.35 percent of Si, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Cr0.15, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Cu0.1 to 0.2 percent of Ni0.1, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P, and the balance of Fe. The movement of the molten steel in the liquid cavity is strengthened through electromagnetic stirring treatment, so that the convection, heat transfer and mass transfer processes of the molten steel are strengthened, the solidification process of a casting blank is controlled, the isometric crystal rate of the casting blank is improved, the casting blank with a good solidification structure is obtained, and the performance of a finished product is improved; the electromagnetic stirring is selected in the secondary metallurgical treatment stage of the molten metal, so that the tundish has better secondary metallurgical effect on the molten metal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of casting of forklift drive axle housings, in particular to a forklift drive axle housing and a casting process thereof.
Background
Fork trucks are industrial handling vehicles, and refer to various wheeled handling vehicles that perform handling, stacking, and short-distance transport operations on piece pallet goods. The forklift is mainly used for transporting packaged goods in a piece at stations, warehouses, ports, factories and other workplaces, and is usually driven by an oil engine or a battery.
The heavy forklift adopts a diesel engine as power, has the lifting capacity of more than 20.0 tons, and is generally used for wharfs with heavy cargos or outdoor operation in the steel industry.
The forklift drive axle is arranged on a forklift frame, bears the load transmitted by the frame and transmits the load to wheels, and is also an installation shell of a main driver, a half shaft and a speed reducer, which is an important bearing and power transmission component of the forklift.
The driving axle housing is made of 35 # steel, has proper strength, good plasticity and high cold plasticity, and can bear larger load. When the drive axle housing is cast, the drive axle housing is generally cast by a tundish, however, the conventional tundish is single in function and only can be heated, molten metal is poor in flowability after entering the tundish, the temperature difference among all parts is large, and the structure uniformity after casting solidification and solidification is adversely affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a forklift drive axle housing and a casting process thereof.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means:
the forklift drive axle housing comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.3 to 0.4 percent of C, 0.15 to 0.35 percent of Si, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Cr0.15, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Cu0.1 to 0.2 percent of Ni0.1, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P, and the balance of Fe.
The casting process of the forklift drive axle housing comprises the following steps:
smelting raw materials: adding the raw materials into a medium-frequency electric furnace for smelting, adopting graphite for recarburization during smelting, firstly adding the raw materials into a furnace bottom due to the high melting point of C, and then entering molten iron in a diffusion dissolution mode;
II, spheroidizing and inoculating treatment: selecting a low-magnesium low-rare earth nodulizer, and adopting a dam-flushing method for nodulizing and inoculation;
III, secondary metallurgical treatment: transferring the molten metal into a tundish, preserving heat, and performing electromagnetic stirring treatment in the heat preservation process;
IV, pouring: casting molten metal into a forming die, wherein the casting temperature is 1320-1350 ℃;
v, solution treatment; the casting is placed in a resistance furnace for heat preservation treatment, the heat preservation temperature is 920-970 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-3h, then water quenching is carried out, the water-quenched casting is heated to 980-1020 ℃ at the speed of 10-15 ℃/s, the heat preservation time is 80-100s, then the casting is cooled to 820-870 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃/s, the heat preservation time is 6-8min, and secondary water quenching is carried out.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step III of the casting process of the forklift drive axle housing, molten metal is subjected to heat preservation at a temperature of 20-30 ℃ above the liquidus temperature.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the casting process of the forklift drive axle housing, the magnet exciting coil is arranged in the tundish, the frequency of an electromagnetic field is 18-33HZ during electromagnetic stirring, and the low-frequency current is 90-120 mA.
The invention has the advantages that: the movement of the molten steel in the liquid cavity is strengthened through electromagnetic stirring treatment, so that the convection, heat transfer and mass transfer processes of the molten steel are strengthened, the solidification process of a casting blank is controlled, the isometric crystal rate of the casting blank is improved, the casting blank with a good solidification structure is obtained, and the performance of a finished product is improved; electromagnetic stirring is carried out at the secondary metallurgical treatment stage of the molten metal, so that the tundish has better secondary metallurgical effect on the molten metal;
furthermore, after the casting is subjected to solution treatment, the purpose of uniform recrystallization of austenite is achieved through deformation temperature treatment, the problem of abnormal growth of crystal grains is avoided, the cooling and heating rates are reasonable, the difference between the internal temperature and the external temperature caused by large-scale cooling or heating is avoided, and the nonuniformity of a recrystallized structure is prevented.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The forklift drive axle housing comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.3 to 0.4 percent of C, 0.15 to 0.35 percent of Si, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Cr0.15, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Cu0.1 to 0.2 percent of Ni0.1, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P, and the balance of Fe.
The casting process of the forklift drive axle housing comprises the following steps:
smelting raw materials: adding the raw materials into a medium-frequency electric furnace for smelting, adopting graphite for recarburization during smelting, firstly adding the raw materials into a furnace bottom due to the high melting point of C, and then entering molten iron in a diffusion dissolution mode;
II, spheroidizing and inoculating treatment: selecting a low-magnesium low-rare earth nodulizer, and adopting a dam-flushing method for nodulizing and inoculation;
III, secondary metallurgical treatment: transferring the molten metal into a tundish, preserving heat, and performing electromagnetic stirring treatment in the heat preservation process;
IV, pouring: casting molten metal into a forming die, wherein the casting temperature is 1320-1350 ℃;
v, solution treatment; the casting is placed in a resistance furnace for heat preservation treatment, the heat preservation temperature is 920-970 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-3h, then water quenching is carried out, the water-quenched casting is heated to 980-1020 ℃ at the speed of 10-15 ℃/s, the heat preservation time is 80-100s, then the casting is cooled to 820-870 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃/s, the heat preservation time is 6-8min, and secondary water quenching is carried out.
Wherein, in the step III, the molten metal is kept at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ above the liquidus temperature.
Wherein, the interior of the tundish is provided with an excitation coil, the frequency of an electromagnetic field is 18-33HZ during electromagnetic stirring, and the low-frequency current is 90-120 mA.
The movement of the molten steel in the liquid cavity is strengthened through electromagnetic stirring treatment, so that the convection, heat transfer and mass transfer processes of the molten steel are strengthened, the solidification process of a casting blank is controlled, the isometric crystal rate of the casting blank is improved, the casting blank with a good solidification structure is obtained, and the performance of a finished product is improved; electromagnetic stirring is carried out at the secondary metallurgical treatment stage of the molten metal, so that the tundish has better secondary metallurgical effect on the molten metal;
after the casting is subjected to solution treatment, the purpose of uniform recrystallization of austenite is achieved through deformation temperature treatment, the problem of abnormal growth of crystal grains is avoided, the cooling and heating rates are reasonable, the difference between the internal temperature and the external temperature caused by large-scale cooling or heating is avoided, and the nonuniformity of a recrystallized structure is prevented.
Embodiment 1, fork truck transaxle axle housing includes the following components by weight percent: 0.3 percent of C, 0.15 percent of Si, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.15 percent of Cr0.15 percent of Cu0.15 percent of Cu0.1 percent of Ni0.035 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P and the balance of Fe;
the casting process of the forklift drive axle housing comprises the following steps:
smelting raw materials: adding the raw materials into a medium-frequency electric furnace for smelting, adopting graphite for recarburization during smelting, firstly adding the raw materials into a furnace bottom due to the high melting point of C, and then entering molten iron in a diffusion dissolution mode;
II, spheroidizing and inoculating treatment: selecting a low-magnesium low-rare earth nodulizer, and adopting a dam-flushing method for nodulizing and inoculation;
III, secondary metallurgical treatment: transferring the molten metal into a tundish, preserving heat, and performing electromagnetic stirring treatment in the heat preservation process;
IV, pouring: casting molten metal into a forming die, wherein the casting temperature is 1320 ℃;
v, solution treatment; and (2) placing the casting in a resistance furnace for heat preservation treatment, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 920 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, then performing water quenching, heating the water-quenched casting to 980 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/s, preserving the heat for 80s, then cooling to 820 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/s, preserving the heat for 6min, and performing secondary water quenching.
Wherein, in the step III, the molten metal is kept warm at the temperature of 20 ℃ above the liquidus temperature.
The tundish is internally provided with an excitation coil, the frequency of an electromagnetic field is 18HZ during electromagnetic stirring, and the low-frequency current is 90 mA.
Embodiment 2, fork truck transaxle axle housing includes following composition by weight percent: 0.35 percent of C, 0.25 percent of Si, 0.65 percent of Mn, 0.20 percent of Cr0.20 percent of Cu0.20 percent of Cu0.15 percent of Ni0.035 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P and the balance of Fe;
the casting process of the forklift drive axle housing comprises the following steps:
smelting raw materials: adding the raw materials into a medium-frequency electric furnace for smelting, adopting graphite for recarburization during smelting, firstly adding the raw materials into a furnace bottom due to the high melting point of C, and then entering molten iron in a diffusion dissolution mode;
II, spheroidizing and inoculating treatment: selecting a low-magnesium low-rare earth nodulizer, and adopting a dam-flushing method for nodulizing and inoculation;
III, secondary metallurgical treatment: transferring the molten metal into a tundish, preserving heat, and performing electromagnetic stirring treatment in the heat preservation process;
IV, pouring: casting the molten metal into a forming die, wherein the casting temperature is 1335 ℃;
v, solution treatment; and (3) placing the casting in a resistance furnace for heat preservation treatment, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 945 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours, then performing water quenching, heating the water-quenched casting to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 12 ℃/s, preserving the heat for 90s, then cooling to 845 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/s, preserving the heat for 7min, and performing secondary water quenching.
Wherein, in step III, the molten metal is kept at a temperature of 25 ℃ above the liquidus temperature.
The tundish is internally provided with an excitation coil, the frequency of an electromagnetic field is 25HZ during electromagnetic stirring, and the low-frequency current is 105 mA.
Embodiment 3, fork truck transaxle axle housing includes following composition by weight percent: 0.4 percent of C, 0.35 percent of Si, 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.25 percent of Cr0.25 percent of Cu0.25 percent of Cu, 0.2 percent of Ni0.035 percent of S, 0.035 percent of P, and the balance of Fe;
the casting process of the forklift drive axle housing comprises the following steps:
smelting raw materials: adding the raw materials into a medium-frequency electric furnace for smelting, adopting graphite for recarburization during smelting, firstly adding the raw materials into a furnace bottom due to the high melting point of C, and then entering molten iron in a diffusion dissolution mode;
II, spheroidizing and inoculating treatment: selecting a low-magnesium low-rare earth nodulizer, and adopting a dam-flushing method for nodulizing and inoculation;
III, secondary metallurgical treatment: transferring the molten metal into a tundish, preserving heat, and performing electromagnetic stirring treatment in the heat preservation process;
IV, pouring: casting molten metal into a forming die, wherein the casting temperature is 1350 ℃;
v, solution treatment; and (3) placing the casting in a resistance furnace for heat preservation treatment, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 970 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, then performing water quenching, heating the water-quenched casting to 1020 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃/s, preserving the heat for 100s, then cooling to 870 ℃ at the speed of 6 ℃/s, preserving the heat for 8min, and performing secondary water quenching.
Wherein, in the step III, the molten metal is kept warm at a temperature of 30 ℃ above the liquidus temperature.
The tundish is internally provided with an excitation coil, the frequency of an electromagnetic field is 33HZ during electromagnetic stirring, and the low-frequency current is 120 mA.
Analyzing various performances of the axle housing casting of the drive axle in the table, wherein the yield strength of the axle housing casting of the drive axle is 483-510MPa, the yield strength is higher, and the micro plastic deformation resistance is stronger; the compressive strength is between 700 and 730MPa, the compressive strength is high, and the high load can be borne; the yield ratio is between 0.6 and 0.75, and the mechanical stability is better; the elongation is between 34 and 37 percent, the elongation is high, and the plasticity is good.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The forklift drive axle housing is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.3 to 0.4 percent of C, 0.15 to 0.35 percent of Si, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Cr0.15, 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Cu0.1 to 0.2 percent of Ni0.1, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P, and the balance of Fe.
2. The casting process of the forklift drive axle housing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
smelting raw materials: adding the raw materials into a medium-frequency electric furnace for smelting, adopting graphite for recarburization during smelting, firstly adding the raw materials into a furnace bottom due to the high melting point of C, and then entering molten iron in a diffusion dissolution mode;
II, spheroidizing and inoculating treatment: selecting a low-magnesium low-rare earth nodulizer, and adopting a dam-flushing method for nodulizing and inoculation;
III, secondary metallurgical treatment: transferring the molten metal into a tundish, preserving heat, and performing electromagnetic stirring treatment in the heat preservation process;
IV, pouring: casting molten metal into a forming die, wherein the casting temperature is 1320-1350 ℃;
v, solution treatment; the casting is placed in a resistance furnace for heat preservation treatment, the heat preservation temperature is 920-970 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-3h, then water quenching is carried out, the water-quenched casting is heated to 980-1020 ℃ at the speed of 10-15 ℃/s, the heat preservation time is 80-100s, then the casting is cooled to 820-870 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃/s, the heat preservation time is 6-8min, and secondary water quenching is carried out.
3. The casting process of the axle housing of the forklift drive axle according to claim 2, wherein: and step III, preserving the heat of the molten metal at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ above the liquidus temperature.
4. The casting process of the axle housing of the forklift drive axle according to claim 2, wherein: the interior of the tundish is provided with an excitation coil, the frequency of an electromagnetic field is 18-33HZ during electromagnetic stirring, and the low-frequency current is 90-120 mA.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111461620.1A CN114182175A (en) | 2021-12-02 | 2021-12-02 | Forklift drive axle housing and casting process thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111461620.1A CN114182175A (en) | 2021-12-02 | 2021-12-02 | Forklift drive axle housing and casting process thereof |
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| CN114182175A true CN114182175A (en) | 2022-03-15 |
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2021
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| JPS57115954A (en) * | 1981-01-09 | 1982-07-19 | Toshiba Corp | Method for controlling electromagnetic stirring of continuous casting installation |
| JPH10180426A (en) * | 1996-12-25 | 1998-07-07 | Nippon Steel Corp | Electromagnetic stirring method in mold in continuous casting |
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