CN114181222B - 一种具有抗肿瘤效果氮杂环化合物的合成方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种具有抗肿瘤效果氮杂环化合物的合成方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/044—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
- C07D491/048—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being five-membered
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种具有抗肿瘤效果的氮杂环化合物的合成方法及应用,本发明通过铜催化酮类化合物与喹喔啉酮的偶联反应实现,该反应产率高,选择性好且操作简便,具有较强的实用性。本发明合成的氮杂环化合物具有很好的抗肿瘤活性,对A549,HepG‑2,Hela和MCF‑7细胞的增值具有明显的抑制作用,其中2‑(4‑乙炔基苯基)呋喃并[2,3‑b]喹喔啉(B)对4种肿瘤细胞的活性都超过了5‑氟尿嘧啶,有望发展为广谱的抗肿瘤药物。
Description
技术领域
属于生物医药技术领域,一种具有抗肿瘤效果氮杂环化合物的合成方法及应用。
背景技术
氮杂环化合物是一类重要的有机化合物,广泛的应用于医药科学及材料化工等领域。据统计,2020年全球畅销额Top 200的药物分子中许多都是氮杂环化合物,排名前十的药物分子中就有四个是氮杂环化合物,如排名第三的艾乐美是多元氮杂环化合物(心血管治疗药物),其年销售额超过了140亿美元,这充分体现了氮杂环化合物的不可替代性。基于此,近年来氮杂环化合物的高效合成方法备受关注,其中呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉衍生物因其独特的理化性质受到了医药科研工作者更多的关注,它们在抗病毒和抗肿瘤等方面展现出巨大的研究价值((a)S.K.Kumar,et al.Tetrahedron Lett.2012,53,1134–1138;(b)A.Nakhi,et al.Org.Biomol.Chem.2013,11,4930–4934)。
近年来,呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉衍生物的合成方法有了一定的研究进展((a)T.Narender,et al.Org.Lett.2014,16,4528-4531;(b)M.Pal,etal.Org.Biomol.Chem.2013,11,4930–4934),如2017年Verma课题组发展了一种钯/铜催化双氯代喹喔啉化合物与炔烃的偶联反应(A.K.Verma,et al.Eur.J.Org.Chem.2017,3707–3715),该反应产率较高且选择性好,但贵金属钯的使用及较为复杂的操作步骤限制了反应的应用;2018年,Reddy小组实现了铜催化邻苯二胺、醛酸酯和芳香炔烃的偶联反应,该反应效率高,20分钟即可完成转化,但该反应中使用的邻苯二胺类底物难以获取且只兼容芳香炔烃这极大的限制了产物的多样性(V.G.Reddy,et al..New J.Chem.2018,42,5972--5977)。近年来惰性C-H键官能团化反应的发展为呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉衍生物的构建提供了新思路,但基于此来实现呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉衍生物的制备还没有被研究。
本课题组一直致力于活化惰性C-H键构建氮杂环化合物的研究,希望发现一些具有生物活性的先导化合物。在此,我们实现了铜催化喹喔啉酮C3-H官能团化反应,为呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉衍生物的合成提供了新方法。此外,抗肿瘤活性筛选后发现,目标杂环化合物对多种肿瘤细胞的生长展现出优良的抑制作用。同等条件下,2-(4-乙炔基苯基)呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉(B)对A549,HepG-2,Hela和MCF-7细胞的抗肿瘤活性超过了5-氟尿嘧啶,有望发展为广谱的抗肿瘤药物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有抗肿瘤效果氮杂环化合物的合成方法及应用。
本发明思路:利用过渡金属催化惰性C-H键直接官能团化反应的策略活化喹喔啉酮C3位的碳氢键,实现连续的C-H官能团化/环化反应,构建呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉衍生物;应用MTT法筛选目标化合物的抗肿瘤活性(5-氟尿嘧啶为阳性对照)。
合成具有抗肿瘤效果氮杂环化合的具体步骤为:
在玻璃反应容器中,加入酮类化合物、喹喔啉酮衍生物,以15mol%的铜盐为催化剂,同时加入2当量添加剂和3当量的氧化剂,以1,2-二氯乙烷为溶剂,在80~100℃下油浴反应10~24小时,反应结束后冷却至室温并过滤,滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取(30mL×3),合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥后减压旋蒸,得粗产物,最后经柱层析分离纯化得具有抗肿瘤效果的氮杂环化合物,合成路线如下所示:
所述步骤中的酮类化合物为苯乙酮、4-乙炔基苯乙酮和环丙基甲基酮中的一种;
所述步骤中的喹喔啉酮衍生物为喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮和6-氟喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮中的一种;
所述步骤中的铜盐为三氟甲磺酸铜、醋酸铜、三氟乙酸铜中的一种,优选为三氟甲磺酸铜;
所述步骤中的添加剂为对甲苯磺酸、醋酸和硼酸中的一种,优选为硼酸;
所述步骤中的氧化剂为过硫酸钾和过硫酸铵中的一种,优选为过硫酸钾。
本发明中的氮杂环化合物6-氟-2-苯基呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉(A)应用于制备抑制肝癌细胞生长的药物,化合物2-(4-乙炔基苯基)呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉(B)和2-环丙基呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉(C)应用于制备抑制肺癌,肝癌,宫颈癌和乳腺癌细胞生长的药物。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明首次通过惰性C-H键官能团化的策略实现喹喔啉酮与酮类化合物的偶联反应,制备了一系列呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉衍生物,具有优良的原子经济性和步骤经济性,反应产率高、选择性单一;此外,芳香酮和烷基酮都能兼容催化体系,以往的报道中往往只能兼容芳香炔烃。
(2)所制备的呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉衍生物能显著的抑制多种肿瘤细胞(A549,HepG-2,Hela和MCF-7)的生长,其中2-(4-乙炔基苯基)呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉(B)的抗肿瘤活性超过了5-氟尿嘧啶(临床使用的抗肿瘤药物)。
附图说明
图1为本发明中化合物A的核磁共振氢谱;
图2为本发明中化合物A的核磁共振碳谱;
图3为本发明中化合物B的核磁共振氢谱;
图4为本发明中化合物B的核磁共振碳谱;
图5为本发明中化合物C的核磁共振氢谱;
图6为本发明中化合物C的核磁共振碳谱。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明,下面结合技术方案和附图详细叙述本发明的具体实施例,但不意味着对本发明的任何限制。
实施例1:
(1)依次称量苯乙酮(0.4mmol)、6-氟喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮(0.2mmol)、三氟甲磺酸铜(0.03mmol)、K2S2O8(0.6mmol)和硼酸(0.4mmol),转移至10毫升的三口瓶中,加入1,2-二氯乙烷2毫升,于80摄氏度磁力搅拌12小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,过滤并收集有机相,减压旋蒸后得粗产物6-氟-2-苯基呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉(A),最后经柱层析得纯净的目标产物。洗脱剂为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1,分离收率:85%。黄色固体;熔点217.2-218.2℃;IR:ν=3432,1630,819,757,730,681,658,614,429cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.12(dd,J=9.2,5.7Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=9.6Hz,2H),7.82(dd,J=9.5,2.8Hz,1H),7.56(t,J=6.8Hz,4H),7.30(s,1H);13CNMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ164.6,161.9(q,J=248.8Hz),154.2,145.2,124.9(q,J=13.8Hz),135.7,131.5,131.4,130.3(q,J=10.0Hz),127.3(q,J=271.3Hz),126.3,118.9(q,J=25.0Hz),112.4(q,J=21.3Hz),100.6;HRMS(ESI)m/z:calcd for C16H10FN2O[M+H]+265.0777;found 265.0775.
实施例2:
(2)依次称量4-乙炔基苯乙酮(0.4mmol)、喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮(0.2mmol)、三氟甲磺酸铜(0.03mmol)、K2S2O8(0.6mmol)和硼酸(0.4mmol),转移至10毫升的三口瓶中,加入1,2-二氯乙烷2毫升,于80摄氏度磁力搅拌12小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,过滤并收集有机相,减压旋蒸后得粗产物2-(4-乙炔基苯基)呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉(B),最后经柱层析得纯净的目标产物。洗脱剂为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1,分离收率:87%。棕色固体;熔点191.6-192.6℃;IR:ν=3454,1633,750,534cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.20(d,J=9.8Hz,1H),8.13(s,1H),8.00(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.78(d,J=9.8Hz,2H),7.67(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.34(s,1H),3.28(s,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.9,154.4,144.3,142.3,139.0,132.9,129.1,128.8,128.8,128.6,128.5,126.0,125.0,101.7,82.9,80.1;HRMS(ESI)m/z:calcd for C18H11N2O[M+H]+271.0871;found 271.0873.
实施例3:
(3)依次称量环己基乙酮(0.4mmol)、喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮(0.2mmol)、三氟甲磺酸铜(0.03mmol)、K2S2O8(0.6mmol)和硼酸(0.4mmol),转移至10毫升的三口瓶中,加入1,2-二氯乙烷2毫升,于80摄氏度磁力搅拌12小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,过滤并收集有机相,减压旋蒸后得粗产物2-环丙基呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉(C),最后经柱层析得纯净的目标产物。洗脱剂为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1,分离收率:75%。暗黑色固体;熔点90.1-91.1℃;IR:ν=3445,1632,1569,1385,1311,941,806,760,599,454cm-1;1H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.15(d,J=9.8Hz,1H),8.07(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.74–7.70(m,2H),6.73(s,1H),2.24–2.20(m,1H),1.33(dd,J=4.8,2.5Hz,2H),1.25–1.22(m,2H);13C NMR(125MHz,Chloroform-d)δ170.9,153.9,145.0,141.7,138.1,128.6,128.5,128.2,128.1,100.9,11.1,9.3;HRMS(ESI)m/z:calcd for C13H11N2O[M+H]+211.0871;found 211.0875.
应用例1:
检测实施例1,2和3制得的呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉衍生物对肿瘤细胞(A549,HepG-2,Hela和MCF-7)增殖的抑制作用
MTT法检测目标化合物的抗肿瘤活性(IC50),MTT法的具体操作如下:培养靶细胞,取对数期生长的细胞制成每毫升约90000个的细胞悬液,采用的培养液为RPMI-1640培养液,将细胞悬液接种至96孔板中,每孔100微升,随后于培养箱中培养一段时间,培养环境为37摄氏度,并通5%二氧化碳。此过程需要经常观察,当细胞密度约为70%左右时即可加药。加入待测药物A、B和C,复孔数为4个,待测化合物浓度在10-6到10-4M之间,需要设置两组对照组,空白对照组不加药,阳性对照组添加5-氟尿嘧啶,加药过程尽量要快,加完后置于培养箱中培养48小时,到时间后清除每孔中的培养液并用1640培养液清洗一遍,紧接着用MTT染色(20μL 5mg/mL),染色时间为4小时,吸出每孔中的液体并在每孔中加入100微升色谱纯的DMSO,加完后在振荡器上震荡10分钟。最后用酶标仪检测96孔板中每孔的OD值,检测波长为490纳米。结果的计算通过SPSS软件完成,可得出每个化合物对选取肿瘤细胞的半数致死量(IC50)。目标化合物和5-氟尿嘧啶对不同种类肿瘤细胞的抑制作用如表1所示:
表1:目标化合物和5-氟尿嘧啶对不同肿瘤细胞的IC50
实验结果表明目标氮杂环化合物都具有较好的抗肿瘤活性,其中化合物B对所选肿瘤细胞的活性都超过了5-氟尿嘧啶。其IC50分别为36.2±2.5(A549),29.6±2.1(HepG-2),30.5±1.8(MCF-7)和27.9±1.7μM(Hela),有望发展为广谱的抗肿瘤药物。
Claims (3)
1.一种具有抗肿瘤效果氮杂环化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,具体合成步骤为:
按摩尔比为1~3:1称取酮和喹喔啉酮衍生物,以15mol%的铜盐为催化剂,同时加入2当量添加剂和3当量的氧化剂,以1,2-二氯乙烷为溶剂,在80~100℃下油浴反应10~24小时,反应结束后冷却至室温并过滤,滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取(30mL×3),合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥后减压旋蒸,得粗产物,最后经柱层析分离纯化得具有抗肿瘤效果的氮杂环化合物,其化学结构式如下:
所述步骤中的酮为苯乙酮、4-乙炔基苯乙酮和环丙基甲基酮中的一种;
所述步骤中的喹喔啉酮衍生物为喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮和6-氟喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮中的一种;
所述步骤中的铜盐为三氟甲磺酸铜、醋酸铜和三氟乙酸铜中的一种;
所述步骤中的添加剂为对甲苯磺酸、醋酸和硼酸中的一种;
所述步骤中的氧化剂为过硫酸钾和过硫酸铵中的一种。
2.一种如权利要求1所述合成方法合成的具有抗肿瘤效果的氮杂环化合物6-氟-2-苯基呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉(A)在制备抑制肝癌细胞生长药物中的应用。
3.一种如权利要求1所述合成方法合成的具有抗肿瘤效果的氮杂环化合物2-(4-乙炔基苯基)呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉(B)和2-环丙基呋喃并[2,3-b]喹喔啉(C)在制备抑制肺癌,肝癌,宫颈癌和乳腺癌细胞生长药物中的应用。
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