CN114174197A - 运输容器 - Google Patents

运输容器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114174197A
CN114174197A CN202080051212.6A CN202080051212A CN114174197A CN 114174197 A CN114174197 A CN 114174197A CN 202080051212 A CN202080051212 A CN 202080051212A CN 114174197 A CN114174197 A CN 114174197A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
container
handle
wall
collapsible container
locking pin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202080051212.6A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
U·斯里柴
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Good Luck Container Singapore Co ltd
Original Assignee
Good Luck Container Singapore Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Good Luck Container Singapore Co ltd filed Critical Good Luck Container Singapore Co ltd
Publication of CN114174197A publication Critical patent/CN114174197A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
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    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00736—Details
    • B65D2519/00935—Details with special means for nesting or stacking
    • B65D2519/00955—Details with special means for nesting or stacking stackable
    • B65D2519/00965—Details with special means for nesting or stacking stackable when loaded
    • B65D2519/00975—Details with special means for nesting or stacking stackable when loaded through the side walls

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Abstract

在本文中描述了用于运送货物的可塌缩容器和使用所述可塌缩容器的方法。所述容器可包括带纹理的底部表面以便于与输送机的可靠接合。在一些实施例中，容器包括可靠的锁定机构，所述可靠的锁定机构防止不慎解锁，同时还容许单手操作。在一些实施例中，容器包括用以便于液体货物的排放的适配器。

Description

运输容器
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请请求对于提交于2019年5月17日的美国临时申请No. 62/849559的优先权，该美国临时申请在此通过引用的方式来完整并入，如在本文中完整阐明那样。
技术领域
本申请涉及容器，并且更具体地涉及用于运送货物的可塌缩容器以及制造和使用它们的方法。
背景技术
在海外贸易中以及在其他情境下，对于运送多种类型的货物(例如通过铁路)来说，可重复使用、可堆叠的容器(诸如，在美国专利No. RE 47210中公开的那些，该专利通过引用的方式并入于本文中)可为有用的。在此类型的成队的容器旨在在运输操作期间包括具有高达例如四个或五个满载的容器的堆叠的情况下，期望队中的每个容器能够支承堆叠于其上方的多个满载的容器的重量。在CN103158924B和CN201172503Y中描述了其他在先的可堆叠容器。
在容器装载有液体或其他可流动物质(诸如，番茄酱)时，可提供柔性非渗透性衬里或囊状物。在搬运(transit)期间容纳可流动物质上，这样的衬里已被证明为是有效的，但是在容器的目的地处，快速地且高效地排放该液体而不泄漏或溢出有时可能成问题。流体的排放可涉及使位于囊状物上的口延伸通过容器的侧壁中的开口。在一些情况下，侧壁中的开口可具有可损坏该口的粗糙边缘。需要在用于运送液体和其他可流动物质的容器中的改进。
在容器装载有高比重的可流动物质或某些类型的固体物质时，负载可在侧壁上施加向外的压力。能够在侧壁上施加相当大的向外的压力的一种具体物质是橡胶，在一些情况下，橡胶能够在运送期间施加随时间增加的向外的压力。还可在搬运期间由叉车叉齿和由其他容器将相当大的向内的压力和冲击负载施加到侧壁。例如，在通过铁路运输容器时，轨道车的停止和启动可导致相邻的容器彼此接触并且在彼此上施加力。为了提供承受这样的压力以及堆叠负载和与例如由叉车进行的搬运相关联的其他负载所要求的强度，许多商业运输容器具有相对重的钢构造，并且因此，它们的重量可为其容量的相当大的百分比。例如，能够在商业用途中承载大约1650 kg或3637 lbs的有效负载的Goodpack MB5中型散装容器可具有大约280至300 lbs的皮重。在提供新的且经改进的运输容器上存在着持续的关注，所述运输容器提供与现有的商业容器类似的功能性，但具有减轻的皮重。
Goodpack MB5容器包括被支承于具有L形截面的U形框架中的可移除前壁，其中，一个凸缘大体上平行于可移除前壁而延伸，并且，一个凸缘向内并且垂直于该可移除前壁延伸，以便与相邻的侧壁接合。这些容器能够被容易地改型，以使得能够组装双容器，以便在运输机动车传动装置和比单个容器更长的其他物品的情况下使用。这通过以具有T形截面的经改型的U形框架替换标准U形框架来完成，该经改型的U形框架具有使被联结的两个容器的相应侧壁接合的两个凸缘。虽然由两个MB5容器形成的双容器可非常有用，但在一些应用中，U形框架的底部可能有问题，因为该U形框架的底部向上突出大约2英寸并且延伸跨过两个容器之间的呈凸起的脊或边沿形式的接头。
可塌缩运输容器通常包括用以使可移动的前壁、后壁以及侧壁紧固的锁定机构。期望的是，锁定机构能够被快速地且容易地锁定和解锁，以便于容器的装载、卸载、组装以及拆卸。在一些情况下，对于锁定机构来说，也许有可能在运输和搬运期间由于振动和/或其他现象而被不慎地打开。大体上期望的是，锁定机构可靠并且抵抗这样的不慎的打开，但该锁定机构不会不必要地增加容器的成本或皮重，并且不会不必要地包括复杂的机构，所述复杂的机构可使得锁定或解锁不必要地复杂或耗费时间。对于锁定部件来说，大体上为不期望的是：包括过多数量的小零件，诸如，与闩锁或锁相关联的小弹簧，它们可潜在地断裂或从其相关联的容器分离，从而产生可能潜在地落入有效负载的零件或碎片。需要在用于可塌缩运输容器的锁定机构中的改进。
可塌缩运输容器通常包括条形码标记、RFID标签或其他器件，以通过为每个容器提供机器可读的唯一标识符来便于追踪。在一些情况下，例如，对于位于五层高的堆叠的顶部处的容器来说，标记或标签可难以访问。这样的标记和标签还可经受损坏或磨损，例如由于叉车叉齿、其他容器引起的冲击或由于叉车叉齿、其他容器引起的磨蚀。在这一领域中，也需要改进。
发明内容
在本文中描述了解决以上所提到的问题中的一个或多个的可塌缩容器。每个容器包括大体上矩形的基部，具有从其向上延伸的四个壁，即，前壁、后壁以及成对的侧壁。在一些实施例中，盖可大体上在壁的上边缘之间水平地延伸，以包封容器的内部。容器优选地符合可适用的ASTM标准，例如，掉落测试、道路振动以及堆叠测试标准。在一些实施例中，容器包括以上所引用的美国专利No. RE 47210中所描述的容器的特征，除非所述特征与在本文中描述并且示出的特征不一致。
在一些实施例中，每个容器包括与前壁的相对的竖直边缘相邻的轻质、易于使用的锁定机构，以便于在容器处于其竖立姿态时紧固和释放前壁。在一些实施例中，锁定机构包括能够在下者之间纵向地移动的锁定销：(1)封闭位置，在该封闭位置，锁定销延伸到相邻的侧壁中的开口中；和(2)打开位置，在该打开位置，锁定销不延伸到开口中。通过接合止动件的手柄，能够防止销在被锁定时滑动到打开位置。为了打开锁定机构，手柄被提升离开容器壁，由此使锁定销旋转并且使手柄从止动件脱离。
在一些实施例中，在该机构位于其锁定位置时，弹簧保持手柄与固持器接合于非常稳定的机械平衡位置，这防止手柄被提升离开容器壁。当在平面中观察时，固持器可为大体上J形的，使得固持器具有从前壁的前部向外延伸的第一部分和在不同方向上朝向容器的附近拐角延伸的第二部分。在一些实施例中，弹簧推动销和其手柄离开拐角(即，朝向打开位置)，由此维持手柄上的压力，以保持其与固持器接合。为了将锁定机构解锁，销必须通过克服弹簧力来轴向地平移离开打开位置，然后被拉动离开容器壁。能够容易地利用一只手、在仅接合手柄的情况下来完成解锁。可提供止动件或其他器件，以维持手柄与相邻的壁表面之间的间隔，以便于将手指插入于手柄与相邻的壁表面之间来开始解锁。
在一些实施例中，容器被认证成用于通过铁路运送，并且对于液体(诸如，番茄酱)的运送是有用的，该液体的运送利用安装在容器内的用以容纳液体货物的袋、衬里或囊状物。在一些实施例中，适配器设于侧壁中的一个的底部处或附近，以接纳来自袋的排放口。该排放口可为柔性的。该适配器限定开口，排放口可被拉动通过该开口，并且该适配器包括内部锁定结构，该内部锁定结构接合该口上的外部结构，以将该口锁定于经延伸的排放位置。这便于通过重力来排放液体货物，其中，袋随着液体货物通过排放口从袋向外流动而塌缩。
每个容器可包括基部中的凹陷部或槽中的标识构件，该标识构件包括RFID标签、条形码标记和/或其他标识符。该定位给予保护以防由于货物单元之间的接触引起的损坏，并且还给予一定保护以防与叉车叉齿的接触或其他潜在的损坏来源。凹陷部或槽可为大体上矩形的，并且可包括朝下且朝内倾斜的梯形顶部表面、朝上且朝内倾斜的梯形底部表面以及从基部的外部前表面向内成角度的梯形竖直侧部表面。
附图说明
图1是处于竖立构造的第一实施例的透视图。
图2是其仰视图。
图3是其前壁的立面视图。
图4是其侧壁的立面视图。
图5是其顶壁的平面图。
图6是闩锁机构的立面视图。
图7是处于塌缩构造的第一实施例的前立面视图。
图8是处于塌缩构造的第二实施例的透视图。
图9是处于竖立构造的第二实施例的透视图。
图10是容器基部上的凹陷部中的标识模块的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1-7示出了可塌缩容器20，其包括大体上矩形的基部22，具有从所述基部22向上延伸的四个壁，即，前壁和后壁24以及成对的侧壁28。盖32可被支承于壁的上边缘上，以包封容器的内部。
容器20包括与前壁的相对的竖直边缘相邻的轻质、易于使用的锁定机构34，以在容器处于其竖立姿态时，便于紧固和释放前壁。所示出的锁定机构中的每个包括锁定销36，该锁定销36可在下者之间纵向地移动：(1)在此示出的封闭位置，其中，锁定销36延伸到位于相邻的侧壁中的开口中；和(2)打开位置(未示出)，其中，销缩回，使得该销不延伸到开口中，并且，前壁可相对于相邻的侧壁枢转。在销被锁定时，通过接合固持器40的手柄38来防止销滑动到打开位置。为了打开锁定机构，手柄首先朝向相邻的侧壁侧向地移位，然后被提升离开前壁的相邻的外表面，由此使锁定销旋转，并且使手柄从止动件脱离。
在该机构位于其锁定位置时，弹簧42保持手柄38与固持器接合于稳定机械平衡位置，这防止手柄被提升离开前壁。当在平面中观察时，固持器可为大体上J形或L形的，具有从前壁的前部向外延伸的第一部分44和从该第一部分44横向地延伸的第二部分46。弹簧推动销和手柄离开相邻的侧壁(即，朝向打开位置)，由此维持手柄上的压力，以保持其与固持器接合。为了将锁定机构解锁，销必须通过克服弹簧力来轴向地平移离开打开位置，然后枢转离开前壁。能够容易地利用一只手、在仅接合手柄的情况下来完成解锁。如在图6中所示出的那样，手柄可为大体上“b”形的，具有包括封闭环50的下部部分和从该下部部分向上延伸到锁定销36的竖直臂52。前壁上的水平脊48接合臂52，以维持下部部分50与相邻的前壁表面54之间的间隔，以便于将手指插入于手柄与相邻的壁表面之间来开始解锁。
图8和图9示出与第一实施例除了下者外基本上类似的第二实施例的主要结构部件：其包括适配器56，以便于使用容器来运送液体(诸如番茄酱)，该运送利用安装在容器内的袋、衬里或囊状物(未示出)来容纳液体货物。在图8和图9的实施例中，适配器56设于侧壁中的一个的底部处或附近，以接纳来自袋的排放口。该排放口可为柔性的。该适配器限定开口，排放口可被拉动通过该开口，并且该适配器可包括内部锁定结构，该内部锁定结构接合该口上的外部结构，以将该口锁定于经延伸的排放位置。这便于通过重力来排放液体货物，其中，袋随着液体货物通过排放口从袋向外流动而塌缩。
如在图1、图2以及图9中所示出的那样，基部22包括上框架100和与上框架100间隔开的下框架102。上框架100和下框架102可紧固到在上框架100与下框架102之间延伸的一个或多个竖直支承件。所述竖直支承件可包括拐角支承件104和设置于拐角支承件104之间的中间支承件106。上框架100和下框架102可紧固到中间支承件106和拐角支承件104，使得上框架100与下框架102间隔开大约60毫米。以此方式，基部22可在上框架100与下框架102之间接纳叉车叉齿。
上框架100包括围绕基部22的外周边延伸的上周边框架部件110和在相对的上周边框架110之间延伸的一个或多个板条112。上周边框架部件110的端部部分可紧固(例如，焊接)到拐角支承件104，并且，上周边框架部件110的中间部分可紧固到中间支承件106。在一个途径中，板条112可与中间支承件106对准。板条112的端部部分可紧固到上周边框架110、中间支承件106或上周边框架110和中间支承件106两者。
在一个途径中，板条112可为从一个周边框架110延伸到相对的周边框架部件110的连续板条。在另一个途径中，板条112可为可由多个板条节段112’形成的非连续板条。板条节段112’可紧固到交叉板条112。
板条112可布置成重叠布置或交叉布置。例如，第一组平行板条112可与第二组平行板条112以一定角度重叠或交叉。在所示出的途径中，两个平行板条112与两个垂直地定向的平行板条112交叉。
以此方式，上框架100的上周边框架部件110和板条112合作以形成矩阵。在所示出的途径中，上框架100限定3x3矩阵。
底板120在上框架100上方延伸，并且至少部分地由上框架100支承。底板120可包括例如一个或多个镀锌钢底板板。上框架100和底板120合作以支承容器20的内容物。
基部22的下框架102包括与上周边框架110和板条112竖直地间隔开的一个或多个底部板122。在一个途径中，下框架102包括围绕基部22的外周边以端部到端部的方式布置的四个底部板122。底部板122的端部部分可紧固到拐角支承件104和/或相邻的底部板122。底部板122可在长度上大体相等，使得板122与拐角支承件104合作，以形成大体上正方形的基部22。在另一个途径中，一对平行底部板122具有与正交的底部板122不同的长度，使得底部板122形成非正方形、大体上矩形的基部。在又一个途径中，下框架包括围绕基部的整个周边延伸的单个底部板(例如，正方形或矩形板)。
如在图2中所示出的那样，底部板122可包括用以便于与输送机的可靠接合(即，用以增加可通过容器底部与输送机之间的接合来施加的侧向驱动力)的手段。这可包括例如位于底部板122的底部表面上的大体上以130指示的带纹理的图案。该带纹理的图案130可例如为具有从底部板122向下突出的具有防滑特征的图案。该图案可为网纹图案、菱形图案或其他合适的图案，并且可向容器20提供防滑性质。在一个示例中，每个底部板122由网纹板(checker plate)形成，该网纹板也可被称为菱形板(diamond plate)或花纹板(treadplate)。以此方式，当容器20在输送机上(例如，在滚动运送表面(诸如，金属辊)上面)运送时，带纹理的图案120可减少容器20的滑移。在一个途径中，拐角支承件104的底部表面不具有凸起的防滑特征。在另一个途径中，拐角支承件104的底部表面包括凸起的防滑特征。
基部具有带有标识模块74(在图10中示出)的侧部表面70，该标识模块74包括包封RFID标签的保护壳，被设置于位于侧部表面70上的凹陷部72中。条形码、二维码和/或其他标识信息可设于标识模块的外部竖直表面上，其中，该竖直表面通过从基部的前表面70向内偏移在凹陷部72中来受保护以防与其他容器、叉车叉齿以及其他物体接触。该定位给予保护以防由于货物单元之间的接触、与叉车叉齿的接触、与工作人员的鞋子的接触以及其他潜在的损坏来源引起的损坏。该凹陷部可具有小于170 mm(例如，100至150 mm，或大约125 mm)的最大水平尺寸以及小于水平尺寸并且可为例如大约50至75 mm或60至65 mm的竖直尺寸。
凹陷部72可至少部分地由向外渐扩的表面限定，以便于对标识模块的外部竖直表面的视觉/光学访问和其他访问。该凹陷部可为大体上矩形的，并且可包括梯形的顶部表面和底部表面以及从基部的外部前表面向内成角度的矩形的竖直侧部表面。
本文中所描述的容器可为基本上对称的，使得前壁和后壁完全相同，侧壁完全相同，并且基部的前部和后部完全相同，并且基部的相对侧部完全相同。
所构思的是，本文中所描述的容器可适于高速、大量的商业生产。
除非另外在本文中指示或另外明显地与情境相矛盾，否则本文中所描述的方法步骤能够以任何合适的顺序执行。任何和所有示例或在本文中提供的描述示例(例如，“诸如”)的语言的使用旨在阐明而不施加限制。本文中的关于实施例的本质或益处的任何陈述不旨在为限制性的。除非另外在本文中指示或另外明显地与情境相矛盾，否则以上所描述的元件在其所有的可能的变型中的任何组合均得到了构思。

Claims (11)

1.一种可塌缩容器，其具有竖立和塌缩的状态，用于在所述竖立状态下运送货品，所述容器包括：
基部；
前壁和后壁，所述前壁和后壁可枢转地附接到所述基部；以及
侧壁，所述侧壁可枢转地附接到所述基部，在所述容器处于其竖立状态时，所述侧壁能够定位于所述前壁与所述后壁之间；
其中，所述基部包括上框架和下框架，所述下框架与所述上框架间隔开，以在所述上框架与所述下框架之间接纳叉车叉齿，并且其中，所述下框架包括具有底部表面的网纹板，所述底部表面包括具有防滑特征的图案。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可塌缩容器，其特征在于，所述下框架包括多个网纹板。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可塌缩容器，其特征在于，所述下框架包括网纹板的正方形布置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可塌缩容器，其特征在于，所述下框架包括围绕所述基部的外周边以端部到端部的方式布置的网纹板。
5.根据权利要求4所述的可塌缩容器，其特征在于，所述网纹板的端部部分紧固到在所述上框架与所述下框架之间延伸的拐角支承件。
6.根据权利要求5所述的可塌缩容器，其特征在于，所述支承件的底部表面不具有防滑特征。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可塌缩容器，其特征在于，所述前壁和所述后壁中的每个具有成对的锁定机构，所述成对的锁定机构被安装成相邻于所述前壁或所述后壁的上端的相对侧部，以在所述容器处于其竖立姿态时便于紧固和释放前壁；
每个锁定机构包括：(a)锁定销，其能够在封闭位置与打开位置之间纵向地移动，在所述封闭位置，所述锁定销延伸到相关联的相邻的侧壁中的开口中，在所述打开位置，所述锁定销不延伸到所述开口中；(b)手柄，其刚性地联结到所述锁定销；(c)弹簧，其推动所述锁定销离开其相关联的相邻的侧壁；以及(d)固定的止动件，其防止由于振动引起的不慎解锁；
其中，在被锁定时，通过接合所述手柄的所述止动件来防止所述销旋转并且约束所述销以防侧向移位；
其中，为了打开所述锁定机构，所述手柄必须首先抵抗所述弹簧的推动而被朝向所述相邻的侧壁侧向地移位，其中，所述手柄的相关联的锁定销延伸到所述相邻的侧壁中；然后向外旋转离开所述手柄的相关联的前壁或后壁的外表面，由此使所述手柄从所述止动件脱离；然后侧向地移位离开所述相关联的相邻的侧壁，以将所述锁定销从与所述手柄的接合中移除。
8.根据权利要求7所述的可塌缩容器，其特征在于，所述锁定机构进一步包括间隔件，所述间隔件在所述手柄与相邻的壁表面之间提供空间，以便于将手指插入于所述手柄与所述相邻的壁表面之间来开始解锁。
9.根据权利要求7所述的可塌缩容器，其特征在于，能够仅使用一只手来手动地完成解锁。
10. 根据权利要求7所述的可塌缩容器，其特征在于，所述可塌缩容器进一步包括：
非渗透性内部容器，其安装在所述前壁、后壁以及侧壁内，以容纳液体货物，所述非渗透性内部容器包括排放口；以及
适配器，其设于所述前壁、后壁或侧壁中的一个的底部处或附近，以接纳来自所述内部容器的所述排放口；
其中，所述适配器限定开口，所述排放口能够被拉动通过所述开口，并且所述适配器包括内部锁定结构，所述内部锁定结构将所述口锁定于经延伸的排放位置，以便于通过重力排放液体货物，其中，所述内部容器随着所述液体货物通过所述排放口从所述内部容器向外流动而塌缩。
11. 根据权利要求1所述的可塌缩容器，其特征在于，所述可塌缩容器进一步包括：
非渗透性内部容器，其安装在所述前壁、后壁以及侧壁内，以容纳液体货物，所述非渗透性内部容器包括排放口；以及
适配器，其设于所述前壁、后壁或侧壁中的一个的底部处或附近，以接纳来自所述内部容器的所述排放口；
其中，所述适配器限定开口，所述排放口能够被拉动通过所述开口，并且所述适配器包括内部锁定结构，所述内部锁定结构将所述口锁定于经延伸的排放位置，以便于通过重力排放液体货物，其中，所述内部容器随着所述液体货物通过所述排放口从所述内部容器向外流动而塌缩。
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