CN114167034A - Device for simulating longitudinal migration of soil soluble organic matters and using method thereof - Google Patents
Device for simulating longitudinal migration of soil soluble organic matters and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114167034A CN114167034A CN202111487955.0A CN202111487955A CN114167034A CN 114167034 A CN114167034 A CN 114167034A CN 202111487955 A CN202111487955 A CN 202111487955A CN 114167034 A CN114167034 A CN 114167034A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005446 dissolved organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/248—Earth materials related to manure as a biological product
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for simulating longitudinal migration of soil soluble organic matters and a using method thereof, wherein the device comprises a workbench, a water storage tank, a leaching bracket, a peristaltic pump, a plurality of leaching pipes, a leaching collection mechanism and a lifting adjusting mechanism; the water storage tank is arranged on the workbench, the eluviation collecting mechanism is arranged below the workbench, the eluviation support is arranged between the eluviation collecting mechanism and the lower end face of the workbench, the multiple eluviation pipes are vertically arranged between the eluviation collecting mechanism and the lower end face of the workbench side by side and are connected with the eluviation support, and the lifting adjusting mechanism is respectively connected with the eluviation collecting mechanism and the eluviation support and is used for driving the eluviation support to drive the multiple eluviation pipes to lift below the workbench; the input end of the peristaltic pump is connected with the water storage tank through a first water delivery pipe, the output end of the peristaltic pump is connected with a plurality of second water delivery pipes, the second water delivery pipes are in one-to-one correspondence with and connected with the plurality of leaching pipes, and the peristaltic pump is used for delivering water in the water storage tank to the leaching pipes; the scheme has the advantages of convenient operation, reliable simulation and high treatment efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil leaching devices, in particular to a device for simulating longitudinal migration of soil soluble organic matters and a using method thereof.
Background
Soil is an important environment for living and living of organisms and human beings, wherein Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) is an important component of the soil, although the content of the DOM is not high in proportion to organic matter components of the soil, the DOM is a very active chemical substance, can affect the formation and fertility of the soil, enters an aquatic ecosystem through water circulation to participate in various processes in water, enters an atmosphere through the action of microorganisms to have great influence on global climate, and plays an extremely important role in the soil and even the global system. The device is a leaching device for simulating the longitudinal migration of soil soluble organic matters, and can research the source, the composition, the grading and the influence of the grading on the adsorption-desorption behaviors of pollutants in soil by simulating the longitudinal migration of DOM.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a device for simulating the longitudinal migration of soil-soluble organic matter, which is convenient to operate, reliable in simulation and high in treatment efficiency, and a method for using the device.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a device for simulating longitudinal migration of soil soluble organic matters comprises a workbench, a water storage tank, a leaching bracket, a peristaltic pump, a plurality of leaching pipes, a leaching collection mechanism and a lifting adjusting mechanism;
table legs are arranged at the corners of the lower end face of the workbench; the water storage tank is arranged on the upper end face of the workbench, the eluviation collecting mechanism is arranged below the workbench, the eluviation support is arranged between the eluviation collecting mechanism and the lower end face of the workbench, the multiple eluviation tubes are vertically arranged between the eluviation collecting mechanism and the lower end face of the workbench side by side and are connected with the eluviation support, the eluviation collecting mechanism is used for collecting the eluviation solution processed by the eluviation tubes, and the lifting adjusting mechanism is respectively connected with the eluviation collecting mechanism and the eluviation support and is used for driving the eluviation support to drive the multiple eluviation tubes to lift below the workbench; the working table is provided with windows which are in one-to-one correspondence with the leaching pipes and penetrate through the working table, the peristaltic pump is arranged on the upper end face of the working table, the input end of the peristaltic pump is connected with the water storage tank through a first water pipe, the output end of the peristaltic pump is connected with a plurality of second water pipes, the second water pipes are in one-to-one correspondence with the leaching pipes, one end of each second water pipe is connected with the output end of the peristaltic pump, and the other end of each second water pipe is communicated with the upper end of each leaching pipe and used for conveying water in the water storage tank to the leaching pipes; the leaching pipe is an opaque pipe.
As a possible embodiment, further, the leaching scaffold comprises:
the first support is transversely arranged and provided with a plurality of restraining grooves for penetrating and installing leaching pipes, one side of each restraining groove is of an open structure, one side of each open structure is provided with a binding belt for restraining and fixing the leaching pipes in the restraining grooves, each restraining groove is an arc or circular groove, and the radian of each restraining groove is less than pi/2;
the upper parts of the second supports are detachably and fixedly connected with the two ends of the first support, and the lower ends of the second supports are connected with the lifting adjusting mechanism and driven by the lifting adjusting mechanism to lift; wherein, be equipped with scale identification area on the second support, this scale identification area is the structure that sinks.
As a preferred implementation choice, preferably, the movable end of the binding band is provided with a hook and loop fastener matte surface, the other side of the open end of the binding band is provided with a through groove, the outer convex surface of the binding groove is provided with a hook and loop fastener hook surface, and the movable end of the binding band passes through the through groove and is fixedly attached to the hook and loop fastener hook surface after bypassing the side wall of the leaching pipe in the binding groove, so as to constrain and fix the leaching pipe in the binding groove.
As a preferred implementation option, preferably, the lifting adjustment mechanism includes:
the fixing sleeves are arranged on two sides of the leaching collection mechanism in a pair and vertically opposite mode, the fixing sleeves correspond to a pair of second supports one to one, the lower ends of the second supports are arranged in the fixing sleeves in a penetrating mode in a lifting and sliding mode, the second supports are of strip-shaped plate structures, rack structures are arranged on one side of the lower portions of the second supports, and guide grooves matched with the second support structures are correspondingly formed in the fixing sleeves;
one end of the rotating shaft penetrates into the fixed sleeve from the upper end of one of the fixed sleeves, a connecting groove is arranged on the side face, far away from the penetrating direction of the rotating shaft, in the fixed sleeve, a spring is arranged in the connecting groove, the end part of the rotating shaft penetrates into the connecting groove and abuts against the spring, and a handle is arranged at the other end of the rotating shaft;
the first driving gear is fixed on the end part of the rotating shaft penetrating into the fixed sleeve and is meshed with the rack structure of the second support, wherein the width of the first driving gear is 1/2-2/3 of the width of the guide groove;
the limiting gear is fixed on the end part of the rotating shaft penetrating into the fixed sleeve and is positioned on one side, away from the connecting groove, of the first driving gear, wherein the outer diameter of the limiting gear is 1/3-1/2 of the first driving gear, and the number of meshing teeth of the limiting gear is more than 2 times that of the first driving gear;
a limiting groove is formed in one side, away from the connecting groove, of the guide groove, and the limiting groove is provided with clamping teeth which correspond to the number of meshing teeth of the limiting gear and are adaptive to the outline of the limiting gear;
wherein the limit gear and the limit groove have a first matching state and a second matching state,
in the first state, the rotating shaft is pushed by the spring to drive the limiting gear to penetrate into the limiting groove, so that the rotating shaft is rotationally restrained and fixed;
in the second state, the rotating shaft pushes the spring to be stressed and compressed, and simultaneously drives the limiting gear to be separated from the limiting groove, so that the rotating shaft is free from rotation restriction.
As a preferred implementation option, preferably, the eluviation collection mechanism includes:
the base is of a box-shaped shell structure, and an accommodating cavity is formed in the base;
the collecting bottles are in one-to-one correspondence with the leaching pipes, the collecting bottles are arranged in the containing cavity of the base side by side and located under the leaching pipes, and the lower ends of the leaching pipes penetrate through the base and extend into the containing cavity.
As a better implementation choice, preferably, the base is provided with a fixing buckle corresponding to the penetration position of the leaching tube, and the fixing buckle is detachably fixed with the leaching tube.
As a better implementation choice, preferably, the leaching pipe comprises a pipe body, a sealing cover, a liquid inlet pipe, a bearing plate and a collecting pipe, wherein the pipe body is of a tubular structure with two open ends, the upper part of the pipe body is vertically restrained and fixed in the restraining groove, the lower end of the pipe body penetrates into the accommodating cavity of the base, the fixing buckle is fixedly connected with the lower end of the pipe body to fix the lower end of the pipe body on the base, the sealing cover is fixed at the tail end of the upper end of the pipe body, one end of the liquid inlet pipe penetrates through the sealing cover and extends into the pipe body, and the other end of the liquid inlet pipe is connected with the other end of the second water conveying pipe; the bearing plate is the mesh plate, and it sets up at the body lower extreme, be equipped with first buffer layer, first filter layer, soil sample layer, second filter layer and third filter layer from top to bottom according to the preface in the body, the collecting pipe is the toper structure, and its macrostoma end and body lower extreme end fixed connection, its osculum end are equipped with the opening and are used for the output to drench solution.
Preferably, the first buffer layer is a glass bead layer, the filling thickness of the glass bead layer is 0.5-2 cm, the first filter layer and the second filter layer are both first quartz sand layers, the filling thickness of the first quartz sand layers is 1.5-2 cm, the third filter layer is a first nylon mesh layer, the nylon mesh layer is 200 meshes in specification, and the height of the soil sample layer is 40-100 cm.
And a second nylon net layer is also arranged between the first filter layer and the soil layer.
As a better implementation choice, preferably, a plurality of sampling ports are formed on the side surface of the pipe body at intervals, switch valves are arranged on the sampling ports, and a second quartz sand layer is arranged on the soil sample layer corresponding to the sampling ports;
the tube body is a transparent tube body or an opaque tube body, and when the tube body is a transparent tube body, a shading layer is further arranged on the outer peripheral side of the tube body.
As a preferred implementation option, preferably, a pair of the second brackets are provided with a rack structure at a lower portion thereof, and the lifting adjustment mechanism further includes:
the two ends of the connecting frame cross between the upper parts of the pair of fixed sleeves and are respectively fixedly connected with the fixed sleeves;
one end of the driven rotating shaft penetrates through the connecting frame from the upper end of the other fixing sleeve and penetrates into the fixing sleeve;
the first driven gear is fixed on the end part of the driven rotating shaft penetrating into the fixed sleeve and is used for being meshed with the rack structure of the second bracket;
the second driven gear is fixed on the end part of the driven rotating shaft, which is positioned outside the fixed sleeve, and a first spherical limiting bulge is arranged on the connecting frame, corresponding to the end surface of the second driven gear, which is close to the fixed sleeve;
the connecting frame is provided with a U-shaped limiting part corresponding to the second driving gear, two sides of the U-shaped limiting part are respectively provided with a second spherical limiting bulge used for limiting the second driving gear, the end part of the rotating shaft, which is positioned outside the fixing sleeve, penetrates through the second driving gear and is connected with the handle, the rotating shaft is connected with the second driving gear through a spline, and the second driving gear is provided with a key groove for the spline to slide along the axial direction of the rotating shaft;
and the gear belt respectively bypasses the second driving gear and the second driven gear and is driven by the rotation of the rotating shaft to rotate.
As a preferred implementation option, preferably, an auxiliary frame is further disposed at the lower end of the pair of fixing sleeves in a spanning manner, and the auxiliary frame is provided with U-shaped limiting portions corresponding to the plurality of leaching pipes.
Based on the scheme, the invention also provides a using method of the device for simulating the longitudinal migration of the dissolved organic matters in the soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) filling the leaching pipe, assembling a bearing plate, a third filter layer and a second filter layer at the bottom of a pipe body of the leaching pipe, filling the soil sample layer for multiple times according to the position of a sampling port, paving a quartz sand layer when filling the region corresponding to the sampling port each time until the filling of the soil sample layer is finished, and then sequentially arranging a first filter layer, a first buffer layer, a sealing cover and a liquid inlet pipe;
(2) vertically fixing the filled leaching pipe on a leaching bracket, then adjusting the height position of the leaching pipe through a lifting adjusting mechanism to enable the lower end of the leaching pipe to be opposite to the collecting bottle, and simultaneously connecting a liquid inlet pipe at the upper end of the leaching pipe with a second water delivery pipe;
(3) starting a peristaltic pump, and introducing the liquid in the water storage tank into the leaching pipe according to a preset flow rate;
(4) sampling is carried out on the sampling port on the side surface of the leaching pipe according to the preset time, and leaching solution sampling is carried out on the collecting bottle.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the scheme, the leaching pipe and the leaching solution collecting mechanism are arranged below the workbench, water in the water storage tank is input into the leaching pipe through the peristaltic pump, and then the leaching solution output by the leaching pipe is collected and sampled by the leaching collecting mechanism, so that the device is more convenient to operate and simpler in structure, the peristaltic pump can adjust the input flow rate of liquid according to actual design, the device can be used for different leaching environment simulations, the leaching pipe is connected with the lifting adjusting mechanism through the leaching bracket, a user can conveniently lift and adjust the leaching pipe according to the height of the leaching pipe or experimental simulation requirements, the assembly efficiency and the operation convenience of simulation work are improved, and meanwhile, the device is suitable for leaching pipes with different heights; comprehensively, this scheme device makes its easy dismouting through the structural design who has simplified the overall arrangement, simultaneously, reduces the requirement to operating personnel, lets the degree of difficulty of work reduce, has effectively solved the loading that exists in the experimental work and the comparatively numerous and complicated scheduling problem of washing in later stage, can let the efficiency of work improve.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a schematic implementation of the solution of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the schematic matching structure of the leaching bracket, the leaching collecting mechanism, the lifting adjusting mechanism, the leaching pipe and other parts according to the scheme of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic three-dimensional representation of the first stent of the present version;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a schematic structure of a first stent according to an aspect of the present invention;
fig. 5 is one of schematic matching structural diagrams of the rotating shaft and the second bracket of the lifting adjusting mechanism according to the embodiment of the invention, wherein a limit gear is clamped in a limit groove;
FIG. 6 is a second schematic view of the second simplified structure of the rotating shaft and the second bracket of the lift adjusting mechanism according to the present invention, wherein the limit gear is disengaged from the limit groove;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a leaching pipe according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a structure of a shaft and a second bracket of a lift adjustment mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which a limit gear is engaged in a limit groove;
FIG. 10 is a second schematic view of a second simplified structure of the rotating shaft and the second bracket of the lifting adjustment mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the limit gear is disengaged from the limit groove;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the driven shaft and the second bracket of the lifting adjustment mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a shaft and a second drive gear in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an auxiliary frame according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be noted that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Similarly, the following examples are only some but not all examples of the present invention, and all other examples obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the device for simulating the longitudinal migration of soluble organic matters in soil according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a workbench 1, a water storage tank 2, a leaching bracket 3, a lifting adjusting mechanism 4, a plurality of leaching pipes 5, a leaching collecting mechanism 6, and a peristaltic pump 7.
Wherein, the lower end face corner of the workbench 1 is provided with a table leg 11, and the lower end of the table leg 11 can be provided with a caster 111 for moving conveniently; the water storage tank 2 is arranged on the upper end face of the workbench 1, the eluviation collecting mechanism 6 is arranged below the workbench 1, the eluviation support 3 is arranged between the eluviation collecting mechanism 6 and the lower end face of the workbench 1, the multiple eluviation pipes 5 are vertically arranged between the eluviation collecting mechanism 6 and the lower end face of the workbench 1 side by side and are connected with the eluviation support 3, the eluviation collecting mechanism 6 is used for collecting the eluviation solution treated by the eluviation pipes 5, the lifting adjusting mechanism 4 is respectively connected with the eluviation collecting mechanism 6 and the eluviation support 3 and is used for driving the eluviation support 3 to drive the multiple eluviation pipes 5 to lift below the workbench 1; the working table 1 is provided with a window 12 which is in one-to-one correspondence with the leaching pipes 5 and penetrates through the working table 1, the peristaltic pump 7 is arranged on the upper end face of the working table 1, the input end of the peristaltic pump is connected with the water storage tank 2 through a first water pipe 71, the output end of the peristaltic pump is connected with a plurality of second water pipes 72, the second water pipes 72 are in one-to-one correspondence with the leaching pipes 5, one end of each second water pipe 72 is connected with the output end of the peristaltic pump 7, the other end of each second water pipe 72 is communicated with the upper end of each leaching pipe 5 and used for conveying water in the water storage tank 2 to the leaching pipes 5, in order to monitor the water storage amount in the water storage tank 2, the water storage tank 2 can be arranged to be made of transparent materials, the side face of the water storage tank 2 is provided with a filling level scale mark 22, the upper end of the water storage tank is provided with a filling port 21, and the peristaltic pump 7 can be a double-head peristaltic pump.
In this embodiment, as a possible implementation manner, further, the eluviation stent 3 includes:
the first support 31 is transversely arranged and is provided with a plurality of restraining grooves 311 for penetrating and installing the leaching pipe 5, one side of each restraining groove 311 is of an open structure, one side of each open structure is provided with a binding belt 312 for restraining and fixing the leaching pipe 5 in the restraining groove 311, each restraining groove 311 is an arc-shaped or circular groove, the radian of each restraining groove is less than pi/2, and the purpose that the radian of each restraining groove is less than pi/2 is that the restraining groove 311 can be protruded when the leaching pipe 5 is arranged in the restraining groove 311, so that the binding belts 312 can restrain and fix the leaching pipe;
the second supports 32 are a pair, the upper parts of the second supports 32 are detachably and fixedly connected with the two ends of the first support 31, the lower ends of the second supports 32 are connected with the lifting adjusting mechanism 4, and the lifting adjusting mechanism 4 drives the second supports 32 to lift; wherein, the second bracket 32 is provided with a scale mark area 321, and the scale mark area 321 is a sinking structure.
In this scheme, in order to facilitate the constraint and fixation of the leaching pipe 5, as a preferred implementation choice, preferably, the movable end of the bandage 312 is provided with a magic tape rough surface 3121, the other side of the open end of the constraint groove 311 is provided with a through groove 313, the outer convex surface of the constraint groove 311 is provided with a magic tape hook surface 3111, the movable end of the bandage 312 passes through the through groove 313 and is fixedly attached to the magic tape hook surface 3111 after bypassing the side wall of the leaching pipe 5 in the constraint groove 311, so as to constrain and fix the leaching pipe 5 in the constraint groove 311.
In this scheme, in order to facilitate the height of adjustment eluviation support 3 to make it adapt to the barycenter position of eluviation pipe 5, as a preferred implementation selection, preferably, lift guiding mechanism 4 includes:
the fixing sleeves 41 are arranged on two sides of the leaching collecting mechanism 6 in a pair and vertically opposite to each other, the fixing sleeves 41 correspond to the pair of second supports 32 one by one, the lower ends of the second supports 32 are arranged in the fixing sleeves 41 in a penetrating manner in a lifting and sliding manner, the second supports 32 are in strip-shaped plate structures, rack structures 321 are arranged on one side of the lower portions of the second supports 32, and guide grooves 411 corresponding to the second supports 32 are correspondingly formed in the fixing sleeves 41;
one end of the rotating shaft 45 penetrates into one of the fixing sleeves 41 from the upper end of the fixing sleeve 41, a connecting groove 412 is arranged on the side face, far away from the penetrating direction of the rotating shaft 45, in the fixing sleeve 41, a spring 43 is arranged in the connecting groove 412, the end part of the rotating shaft 45 penetrates into the connecting groove 412 and abuts against the spring 43, and a handle 451 is arranged at the other end of the rotating shaft 45;
the first driving gear 42 is fixed on the end part of the rotating shaft 45 penetrating into the fixed sleeve 41 and is used for being meshed with the rack structure 321 of the second support, wherein the width of the first driving gear 42 is 1/2-2/3 of the width of the guide groove 411;
the limiting gear 44 is fixed on the end part of the rotating shaft 45 penetrating into the fixed sleeve 41 and is positioned on one side, away from the connecting groove 412, of the first driving gear 42, wherein the outer diameter of the limiting gear 44 is 1/3-1/2 of the first driving gear 42, and the number of meshing teeth of the limiting gear 44 is more than 2 times that of the first driving gear 42;
a limit groove 413 is formed in one side, away from the connecting groove 412, of the guide groove 411, and the limit groove 413 is provided with a latch which corresponds to the number of meshing teeth of the limit gear 44 and is adaptive to the outline of the limit gear;
wherein the limit gear 44 and the limit groove 413 have a first matching state and a second matching state,
in the first state, the rotating shaft 45 is pushed by the spring 43 to drive the limit gear 44 to penetrate into the limit groove 413, so as to rotationally restrict and fix the rotating shaft 45;
in the second state, the rotating shaft 45 pushes the spring 43 to be compressed under stress, and simultaneously drives the limit gear 44 to be separated from the limit groove 413, so that the rotating shaft 45 is free from rotation restriction.
Through this cooperation mode, can be so that handle 451 controls when first drive gear 42 drives second support 32 and goes up and down, can be more convenient effective, especially when need not to adjust, can reset limiting gear 44 through spring 43, make pivot 45 when need not to adjust second support 32, can push limiting gear 44 in spacing groove 413, retrain fixed pivot 45, avoid second support 32 the emergence slippage or unusual circumstances such as decline suddenly.
In this embodiment, as a preferred implementation choice, preferably, the eluviation collecting mechanism 6 includes:
the base 61 is of a box-shaped shell structure, and an accommodating cavity is formed in the base;
the collecting bottles 62 are a plurality of and correspond to the leaching pipes 5 one by one, the collecting bottles 62 are arranged in the accommodating cavity of the base 61 side by side and located under the leaching pipes, and the lower ends of the leaching pipes penetrate through the base 61 and extend into the accommodating cavity.
In this scheme, as a preferred implementation option, preferably, the base 61 is provided with a fixing buckle 63 detachably fixed with the leaching pipe 5 corresponding to the penetrating position of the leaching pipe 5.
In this scheme, as a better implementation choice, preferably, the leaching pipe 5 includes a pipe body 51, a sealing cover 52, a liquid inlet pipe 53, a supporting plate 55 and a collecting pipe 54, where the pipe body 51 is a tubular structure with two open ends, the upper part of the pipe body 51 is vertically constrained and fixed in the constraining groove 311, the lower end of the pipe body penetrates into the accommodating cavity of the base 61, the fixing buckle 63 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the pipe body 51 to fix the lower end of the pipe body 51 on the base 61, the sealing cover 52 is fixed at the upper end of the pipe body 51, one end of the liquid inlet pipe 53 passes through the sealing cover 52 and extends into the pipe body 51, and the other end of the liquid inlet pipe 53 is connected with the other end of the second water conveying pipe 72; the supporting plate 55 is a mesh plate and is arranged at the lower end of the pipe body 51, a first buffer layer 511, a first filtering layer 512, a soil sample layer 514, a second filtering layer 515 and a third filtering layer 516 are sequentially arranged in the pipe body 51 from top to bottom, the collecting pipe 54 is of a conical structure, the large-opening end of the collecting pipe is fixedly connected with the tail end of the lower end of the pipe body 51, the small-opening end of the collecting pipe is provided with an opening and is used for outputting drenching solution, and a second nylon mesh layer 513 is further arranged between the first filtering layer 512 and the soil layer.
In this embodiment, as a preferred implementation choice, preferably, the first buffer layer 511 is a glass bead layer, the filling thickness of which is 0.5 to 2cm, the first filter layer 512 and the second filter layer 515 are both first quartz sand layers, the filling thickness of which is 1.5 to 2cm, the third filter layer 516 is a first nylon mesh layer, the nylon mesh layer is 200 meshes, and the height of the soil sample layer 514 is 40 to 100 cm.
As a specification selection type, the first water delivery pipe 71 and the second water delivery pipe 72 of the scheme can be silica gel hoses, the inner diameter of the silica gel hoses can be 5mm, the inner diameter of the large opening end of the collecting pipe 54 can be 8cm, the diameter of the corresponding eluviation pipe 5 can be 8cm, the column height of the organic glass pipe is 100cm, the bedding height of the first filter layer 512 and the second filter layer 515 can be 2cm, the first filter layer 512 and the second filter layer 515 adopt quartz sand layers mainly aim at filtering the eluviation solution and avoiding abnormal conditions such as blockage, when the soil sample layer is 100cm, the soil sample can be filled for five times according to the natural volume weight of soil layer samples, wherein the first (upper layer) soil sample is filled with a spare soil sample of 0-20 cm, and the second (sequential) soil sample is filled with a spare soil sample of 20-40 cm. A glass bead layer (namely a first buffer layer 511) and a nylon net (a second nylon net layer 513) are arranged on the surface of the upper soil layer, 2cm of quartz sand (namely a first filter layer 512) is covered on the upper soil layer, and a nylon net can be covered on the top of the upper soil layer to prevent water flow impact and ensure uniform water distribution; wherein the nylon net is 200 meshes, the quartz sand is soaked in concentrated hydrochloric acid for 24h, washed by ultrapure water until the pH is neutral, and dried for 24h at 105 ℃.
In the scheme, the leaching pipe 5 is not limited to be 100cm, but can be 60cm, and because the height of the leaching pipe is relatively small, the migration and transformation rules of pollutants in the test soil with the height of 40cm can be analyzed, the test soil sample can be increased, the amount of the test soil can be increased, and the test result is closer to the real situation.
This scheme inputs the water in the water storage box 2 through peristaltic pump 7, help the control to get into and drench the liquid velocity of flow in the pipe 5, make it simulate the reagent more effectively and drench the solution condition, promptly, flow rate in the flow rate control through adjusting peristaltic pump 7 drenches solution feed liquor pipe 53, and in effectively guaranteeing to drench solution through drenching solution feed liquor hole 53 and instil into body 1, bearing plate 55 is located and is drenched 5 lower extremes of dissolving pipe, it is the sieve that has the hole structure, its effect is the filler in the support column, and guarantee to drench the solution circulation. The conical collection pipe 54 is formed in a conical shape having a certain volume, and when the leaching solution is introduced in a large amount, it can be appropriately stored and used for the subsequent operation step by flowing into the leaching solution collection device 6. The main purpose of the sealing cover 52 provided at the upper end of the leaching pipe 5 is to prevent the leaching solution in the pipe body 51 from evaporating and to avoid deviation of experimental results.
In this scheme, in order to facilitate the sampling of the leaching solution, as a preferred implementation choice, preferably, a plurality of sampling ports 517 are formed at intervals on the side surface of the pipe body 51, a switch valve 518 is arranged on each sampling port 517, and a second quartz sand layer 519 is arranged on a part of the soil sample layer 514 corresponding to the sampling port 517; the tube 51 is a transparent tube or an opaque tube, and when the tube is a transparent tube, a light shielding layer is further arranged on the outer periphery of the tube 51 and is set to be an opaque structure, so that leaching under an actual dark field environment can be simulated, and the simulation truth is improved.
Based on the scheme, the invention also provides a using method of the device for simulating the longitudinal migration of the dissolved organic matters in the soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) filling the leaching pipe, assembling a bearing plate, a third filter layer and a second filter layer at the bottom of a pipe body of the leaching pipe, filling the soil sample layer for multiple times according to the position of a sampling port, paving a quartz sand layer when filling the region corresponding to the sampling port each time until the filling of the soil sample layer is finished, and then sequentially arranging a first filter layer, a first buffer layer, a sealing cover and a liquid inlet pipe;
(2) vertically fixing the filled leaching pipe on a leaching bracket, then adjusting the height position of the leaching pipe through a lifting adjusting mechanism to enable the lower end of the leaching pipe to be opposite to the collecting bottle, and simultaneously connecting a liquid inlet pipe at the upper end of the leaching pipe with a second water delivery pipe;
(3) starting a peristaltic pump, and introducing the liquid in the water storage tank into the leaching pipe according to a preset flow rate;
(4) sampling is carried out on the sampling port on the side surface of the leaching pipe according to the preset time, and leaching solution sampling is carried out on the collecting bottle.
Example 2
As shown in one of fig. 8 to 13, the present embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that in the present embodiment, rack structures 321 are provided at lower portions of a pair of the second brackets 32, and the lifting adjustment mechanism further includes:
a connecting frame 8, both ends of which cross between the upper parts of the pair of fixing sleeves 41 and are respectively fixedly connected with the fixing sleeves 41;
one end of the driven rotating shaft 47 penetrates through the connecting frame 8 from the upper end of the other fixing sleeve 41 and penetrates into the fixing sleeve 41;
a first driven gear 48 fixed to an end portion of the driven rotation shaft penetrating into the fixing sleeve and engaged with the rack structure of the second bracket;
the second driven gear 49 is fixed on the end part of the driven rotating shaft 47 outside the fixed sleeve 41, and a first spherical limiting bulge 491 is arranged on the connecting frame 8 corresponding to the end surface of the second driven gear 49 close to the fixed sleeve;
the second driving gear 46 is rotatably connected to a connecting frame between the handle and the fixing sleeve, a U-shaped limiting portion 81 is formed on the connecting frame corresponding to the second driving gear 46, second spherical limiting protrusions 82 used for limiting the second driving gear 46 are respectively arranged on two sides of the U-shaped limiting portion 81, the end portion, located outside the fixing sleeve 41, of the rotating shaft 45 penetrates through the second driving gear 46 and then is connected with the handle 451, the rotating shaft 45 is connected with the second driving gear 46 through a spline 452, a key groove 461 for enabling the spline 452 to slide along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 45 is arranged on the second driving gear 46, and by means of the mode, when the rotating shaft 45 is pressed into the fixing sleeve 41, the second driving gear 46 is prevented from moving greatly or the rotating shaft 45 and the second driving gear 46 are prevented from being disconnected, and the driven reliability of the driven rotating shaft 47 is guaranteed;
the gear belt 9 is wound around the second driving gear 46 and the second driven gear 49, and the driven rotating shaft 47 is rotated by the rotation of the rotating shaft 45.
In this embodiment, when the rotating shaft 45 drives the first driving gear 42 to drive the second support 32 to ascend and descend, the second driving gear 49 is driven by the gear belt 9 to drive the driven rotating shaft 47 to guide the first driven gear 48 to drive the other second support 32 to ascend and descend synchronously, and when the rotating shaft 45 is not driven any more, the spring 43 resets to drive the rotating shaft 45 to be locked, and at this time, due to the pivot effect of the gear belt 9, the driven rotating shaft is also locked, so as to avoid the second support 32 in the other fixing sleeve 41 from sliding downwards.
In order to avoid the situation that the first support 31 greatly shakes or the center of gravity of the lower part shifts when the leaching pipe 5 is driven to ascend and descend, in the scheme, the lower end of the fixed sleeve 41 is provided with the auxiliary frame 10 in a stretching mode, the auxiliary frame 10 is provided with the U-shaped limiting part 101 corresponding to the plurality of leaching pipes 5, on one hand, the U-shaped structure of the U-shaped limiting part 101 can avoid the motion interference of the sampling port of the leaching pipe 5 and the sampling port, on the other hand, the lower part of the leaching pipe 5 can be better vibrated, restrained and prevented from shifting, and the use reliability of the device is improved.
The above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent devices or equivalent processes performed by the present invention through the contents of the specification and the drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for simulating longitudinal migration of soil soluble organic matters is characterized by comprising a workbench, a water storage tank, a leaching bracket, a peristaltic pump, a plurality of leaching pipes, a leaching collecting mechanism and a lifting adjusting mechanism;
table legs are arranged at the corners of the lower end face of the workbench; the water storage tank is arranged on the upper end face of the workbench, the eluviation collecting mechanism is arranged below the workbench, the eluviation support is arranged between the eluviation collecting mechanism and the lower end face of the workbench, the multiple eluviation tubes are vertically arranged between the eluviation collecting mechanism and the lower end face of the workbench side by side and are connected with the eluviation support, the eluviation collecting mechanism is used for collecting the eluviation solution processed by the eluviation tubes, and the lifting adjusting mechanism is respectively connected with the eluviation collecting mechanism and the eluviation support and is used for driving the eluviation support to drive the multiple eluviation tubes to lift below the workbench; the working table is provided with windows which are in one-to-one correspondence with the leaching pipes and penetrate through the working table, the peristaltic pump is arranged on the upper end face of the working table, the input end of the peristaltic pump is connected with the water storage tank through a first water pipe, the output end of the peristaltic pump is connected with a plurality of second water pipes, the second water pipes are in one-to-one correspondence with the leaching pipes, one end of each second water pipe is connected with the output end of the peristaltic pump, and the other end of each second water pipe is communicated with the upper end of each leaching pipe and used for conveying water in the water storage tank to the leaching pipes; the leaching pipe is an opaque pipe.
2. The apparatus for simulating longitudinal migration of soil soluble organic matter according to claim 1, wherein the leaching bracket comprises:
the first support is transversely arranged and provided with a plurality of restraining grooves for penetrating and installing leaching pipes, one side of each restraining groove is of an open structure, one side of each open structure is provided with a binding belt for restraining and fixing the leaching pipes in the restraining grooves, each restraining groove is an arc or circular groove, and the radian of each restraining groove is less than pi/2;
the upper parts of the second supports are detachably and fixedly connected with the two ends of the first support, and the lower ends of the second supports are connected with the lifting adjusting mechanism and driven by the lifting adjusting mechanism to lift; wherein, be equipped with scale identification area on the second support, this scale identification area is the structure that sinks.
3. The device for simulating the longitudinal migration of soil soluble organic matter according to claim 2, wherein the movable end of the binding band is provided with a Velcro surface, the other side of the open end of the binding groove is provided with a through groove, the outer convex surface of the binding groove is provided with a Velcro hook surface, the movable end of the binding band bypasses the side wall of the leaching pipe in the binding groove, passes through the through groove and is fixedly attached to the Velcro hook surface, and the leaching pipe is fixedly constrained in the binding groove.
4. The apparatus for simulating the longitudinal migration of dissolved organic matter in soil according to claim 2, wherein the lifting and adjusting mechanism comprises:
the fixing sleeves are arranged on two sides of the leaching collection mechanism in a pair and vertically opposite mode, the fixing sleeves correspond to a pair of second supports one to one, the lower ends of the second supports are arranged in the fixing sleeves in a penetrating mode in a lifting and sliding mode, the second supports are of strip-shaped plate structures, rack structures are arranged on one side of the lower portions of the second supports, and guide grooves matched with the second support structures are correspondingly formed in the fixing sleeves;
one end of the rotating shaft penetrates into the fixed sleeve from the upper end of one of the fixed sleeves, a connecting groove is arranged on the side face, far away from the penetrating direction of the rotating shaft, in the fixed sleeve, a spring is arranged in the connecting groove, the end part of the rotating shaft penetrates into the connecting groove and abuts against the spring, and a handle is arranged at the other end of the rotating shaft;
the first driving gear is fixed on the end part of the rotating shaft penetrating into the fixed sleeve and is meshed with the rack structure of the second support, wherein the width of the first driving gear is 1/2-2/3 of the width of the guide groove;
the limiting gear is fixed on the end part of the rotating shaft penetrating into the fixed sleeve and is positioned on one side, away from the connecting groove, of the first driving gear, wherein the outer diameter of the limiting gear is 1/3-1/2 of the first driving gear, and the number of meshing teeth of the limiting gear is more than 2 times that of the first driving gear;
a limiting groove is formed in one side, away from the connecting groove, of the guide groove, and the limiting groove is provided with clamping teeth which correspond to the number of meshing teeth of the limiting gear and are adaptive to the outline of the limiting gear;
wherein the limit gear and the limit groove have a first matching state and a second matching state,
in the first state, the rotating shaft is pushed by the spring to drive the limiting gear to penetrate into the limiting groove, so that the rotating shaft is rotationally restrained and fixed;
in the second state, the rotating shaft pushes the spring to be stressed and compressed, and simultaneously drives the limiting gear to be separated from the limiting groove, so that the rotating shaft is free from rotation restriction.
5. An apparatus for simulating the longitudinal migration of dissolved organic matter in soil according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the leaching collection mechanism comprises:
the base is of a box-shaped shell structure, and an accommodating cavity is formed in the base;
the collecting bottles are in one-to-one correspondence with the leaching pipes, the collecting bottles are arranged in the containing cavity of the base side by side and located under the leaching pipes, and the lower ends of the leaching pipes penetrate through the base and extend into the containing cavity.
6. The device for simulating the longitudinal migration of dissolved organic matters in soil according to claim 5, wherein the base is provided with a fixing buckle corresponding to the penetration position of the leaching tube, and the fixing buckle is detachably fixed with the leaching tube.
7. The device for simulating the longitudinal migration of dissolved organic matters in soil according to claim 6, wherein the leaching pipe comprises a pipe body, a sealing cover, a liquid inlet pipe, a supporting plate and a collecting pipe,
the pipe body is of a tubular structure with two open ends, the upper part of the pipe body is vertically restrained and fixed in the restraint groove, the lower end of the pipe body penetrates into the accommodating cavity of the base, the fixing buckle is fixedly connected with the lower end of the pipe body, the lower end of the pipe body is fixed on the base, the sealing cover is fixed at the upper end and the tail end of the pipe body, one end of the liquid inlet pipe penetrates through the sealing cover and extends into the pipe body, and the other end of the liquid inlet pipe is connected with the other end of the second water conveying pipe; the bearing plate is the mesh plate, and it sets up at the body lower extreme, be equipped with first buffer layer, first filter layer, soil sample layer, second filter layer and third filter layer from top to bottom according to the preface in the body, the collecting pipe is the toper structure, and its macrostoma end and body lower extreme end fixed connection, its osculum end are equipped with the opening and are used for the output to drench solution.
8. The device for simulating the longitudinal migration of soil dissolved organic matter according to claim 7, wherein the first buffer layer is a glass bead layer with a filling thickness of 0.5-2 cm, the first and second filter layers are both first quartz sand layers with a filling thickness of 1.5-2 cm, the third filter layer is a first nylon mesh layer with a 200-mesh specification, and the height of the soil sample layer is 40-100 cm.
9. The device for simulating the longitudinal migration of dissolved organic matters in soil according to claim 8, wherein a plurality of sampling ports are formed at intervals on the side surface of the pipe body, switch valves are arranged on the sampling ports, and a second quartz sand layer is arranged on the soil sample layer corresponding to the sampling ports;
the tube body is a transparent tube body or an opaque tube body, and when the tube body is a transparent tube body, a shading layer is further arranged on the outer peripheral side of the tube body.
10. The method for using the device for simulating the longitudinal migration of dissolved organic matter in soil according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) filling the leaching pipe, assembling a bearing plate, a third filter layer and a second filter layer at the bottom of a pipe body of the leaching pipe, filling the soil sample layer for multiple times according to the position of a sampling port, paving a quartz sand layer when filling the region corresponding to the sampling port each time until the filling of the soil sample layer is finished, and then sequentially arranging a first filter layer, a first buffer layer, a sealing cover and a liquid inlet pipe;
(2) vertically fixing the filled leaching pipe on a leaching bracket, then adjusting the height position of the leaching pipe through a lifting adjusting mechanism to enable the lower end of the leaching pipe to be opposite to the collecting bottle, and simultaneously connecting a liquid inlet pipe at the upper end of the leaching pipe with a second water delivery pipe;
(3) starting a peristaltic pump, and introducing the liquid in the water storage tank into the leaching pipe according to a preset flow rate;
(4) sampling is carried out on the sampling port on the side surface of the leaching pipe according to the preset time, and leaching solution sampling is carried out on the collecting bottle.
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