CN114166720B - Method for testing reservoir fracturing fracture conductivity - Google Patents
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the conductivity of reservoir fracturing cracks, which comprises the following steps: s1: preparing a fracturing fracture physical model, wherein the fracturing fracture physical model can dynamically adjust the width of a fracture through a steel sheet so as to adjust the laying concentration of a propping agent; s2: loading the fracturing fracture physical model into a diversion chamber of a diversion capacity testing device; s3: loading ring pressure and shaft pressure on the diversion chamber, ensuring that the stress born by each crack in the fracturing crack physical model is equal according to the ring pressure and the shaft pressure, and then carrying out a diversion capability test experiment to obtain fracturing crack diversion capability test data; s4: and calculating the diversion capacity of the fracturing fracture according to the test data. The method can measure the diversion capability of the reservoir fracturing fracture and provide technical support for the development of a tight reservoir and a shale reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development, in particular to a method for testing the flow conductivity of reservoir fracturing cracks.
Background
Along with the continuous development of oil and gas resources, the exploitation of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs such as tight sandstone oil and gas, shale oil and gas and the like is more and more emphasized, and the exploitation difficulty is extremely high due to poor physical properties and strong heterogeneity of reservoirs. The volume fracturing technology can form a fracture network with mutually staggered artificial fractures and natural fractures in the reservoir, and the reservoir transformation volume is increased, so that the recovery ratio is effectively improved, and the volume fracturing technology is widely applied to the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in recent years.
The fracture conductivity is defined as the product of the fracture width and the fracture permeability, and is an important parameter for evaluating the fracturing construction effect in fracturing design, so that the productivity of the well after the yield improvement is fundamentally determined. In general, the study on the flow conductivity of a crack is mainly aimed at a single crack, the flow conductivity of a self-supporting crack can be evaluated by a crack flow director, and the technology is mature and has related standards: NB/T10120-2018. In general, the form of the hydraulic fracture is studied and assumed to be symmetrical on two wings, but indoor and field experiments show that the form of the hydraulic fracture is far more complex than that of a hypothesized model, and the hydraulic fractures with different forms have great influence on the productivity of an oil well. There is considerable evidence at this stage that hydraulic fractures are branched and curved in character. Studies have shown that hydraulic fractures may be irregular, including two-wing fracture asymmetry, fracture bending, branching fractures, and the like. The fracture crack is staggered in each stage, so that the research on the diversion capability is more complicated due to the fact that the fracture network structure is different and the like, and the theory and experimental model of a single fracture cannot be simply carried.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention is directed to a method for testing the conductivity of a reservoir fracturing fracture.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for testing the conductivity of a reservoir fracturing fracture, comprising the steps of:
s1: preparing a fracturing fracture physical model, wherein the fracturing fracture physical model can dynamically adjust the width of a fracture through a steel sheet so as to adjust the laying concentration of a propping agent;
S2: loading the fracturing fracture physical model into a diversion chamber of a diversion capacity testing device;
s3: loading ring pressure and shaft pressure on the diversion chamber, ensuring that the stress born by each crack in the fracturing crack physical model is equal according to the ring pressure and the shaft pressure, and then carrying out a diversion capability test experiment to obtain fracturing crack diversion capability test data;
S4: and calculating the diversion capacity of the fracturing fracture according to the test data.
Preferably, the fracturing fracture physical model comprises at least one main fracture and at least two branch fractures.
Preferably, the fracturing fracture physical model comprises a main fracture and two branch fractures, wherein the main fracture is positioned at the inlet end of the fracturing fracture physical model or at the outlet end of the fracturing fracture physical model;
when the main seam is positioned at the inlet end of the fracturing fracture physical model, the inlet ends of the two branch seams are respectively connected with the outlet ends of the main seam;
When the main seam is positioned at the outlet end of the fracturing fracture physical model, the outlet ends of the two branch seams are respectively connected with the inlet ends of the main seam.
Preferably, the fracturing fracture physical model comprises a main fracture and four branch fractures, wherein the main fracture is positioned in the center of the fracturing fracture physical model, the outlet ends of the two branch fractures are connected with the inlet ends of the main fracture, and the inlet ends of the other two branch fractures are connected with the outlet ends of the main fracture.
Preferably, the two branch slits at the left end of the main slit and the two branch slits at the right end of the main slit are symmetrically arranged about the central line of the main slit, the two branch slits at the same end of the main slit are symmetrically arranged about the central line of the main slit, the four branch slits comprise a horizontal branch slit section and an inclined branch slit section which are connected, the inclined branch slit section is connected with the main slit, and the included angle between the inclined branch slit section and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees.
Preferably, in step S3, if the annular pressure of the fracture physical model is P y, the axial pressure P x of the fracture physical model is 0.26P y.
Preferably, the fracturing fracture physical model comprises two main joints and two branch joints, wherein one main joint is positioned at the inlet end of the fracturing fracture physical model, the outlet end of the main joint is connected with the inlet ends of the two branch joints, the other main joint is positioned at the outlet end of the fracturing fracture physical model, and the inlet end of the main joint is connected with the outlet ends of the two branch joints.
Preferably, the fracturing fracture physical model is cylindrical, and sand laying operation is carried out on the fracturing fracture physical model after standing.
Preferably, when the flow conductivity test is performed in step S3, the flow conductivity test is performed under different target ring pressures and target shaft pressures, and each target ring pressure and target shaft pressure are gradually increased to perform the test in sequence.
Preferably, when the flow conductivity test experiment is performed in the step S3, after the flow conductivity test of a certain laying concentration is completed, returning to the step S1 to change the laying concentration of the fracturing fracture physical model, and repeating the steps S1-S3 until the test of all target laying concentrations is completed.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The invention can test the diversion capability of the fracturing fracture, develop an indoor diversion capability experiment, and research the change rule of the diversion capability of the fracturing fracture so as to provide basis for the optimization design of the fracturing construction parameters.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of one embodiment of a fracturing fracture physical model of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a fracturing fracture physical model of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a fracturing fracture physical model of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the fracturing fracture physical model of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The application will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the technical features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. It is noted that all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs unless otherwise indicated. The use of the terms "comprising" or "includes" and the like in this disclosure is intended to cover a member or article listed after that term and equivalents thereof without precluding other members or articles.
The invention provides a method for testing the conductivity of reservoir fracturing cracks, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a fracturing fracture physical model, wherein the fracturing fracture physical model can dynamically adjust the width of a fracture through a steel sheet so as to adjust the laying concentration of a propping agent;
in a specific embodiment, the fracturing fracture physical model is a cylinder, and the fracturing fracture physical model comprises at least one main fracture and at least two branch fractures.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fracturing fracture physical model comprises a main fracture and two branch fractures, wherein the main fracture is positioned at an inlet end of the fracturing fracture physical model or at an outlet end of the fracturing fracture physical model; when the main seam is positioned at the inlet end of the fracturing fracture physical model, the inlet ends of the two branch seams are respectively connected with the outlet ends of the main seam; when the main seam is positioned at the outlet end of the fracturing fracture physical model, the outlet ends of the two branch seams are respectively connected with the inlet ends of the main seam.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 3, the fracturing fracture physical model includes one main fracture and four branch fractures, the main fracture is located in the center of the fracturing fracture physical model, wherein the outlet ends of two branch fractures are connected with the inlet end of the main fracture, and the inlet ends of the other two branch fractures are connected with the outlet end of the main fracture. In a specific embodiment, the two branch slits at the left end of the main slit and the two branch slits at the right end of the main slit are symmetrically arranged about the central line of the main slit, and the two branch slits at the same end of the main slit are symmetrically arranged about the central line of the main slit.
In a specific embodiment, the physical model of the fracturing fracture has a size of 100mm x 38mm, the length of each fracture projected to the horizontal plane is 20mm, the initial seam width of the main fracture 5 is 1mm, the initial seam widths of the branch seams 1,2, 8 and 9 are 0.5mm, the initial seam widths of the branch seams 3,4, 6 and 7 are 0.43mm, and the included angles of the branch seams 3,4, 6 and 7 with the horizontal direction are 30 °.40 steel sheets were prepared, each having a thickness of 0.1mm, wherein 8 steel sheets of 20mm x 38mm, 16 steel sheets of 23.1mm x 38mm, and 16 steel sheets of 20mm x 30.2 mm.
In a specific embodiment, no steel sheet is laid in each crack, the fracturing crack physical model is placed vertically, the branch cracks 1 and 2 are at the bottommost part, and then sand laying operation is carried out on the branch cracks: weighing a grams of propping agent, placing the propping agent in a container, pouring the propping agent into a crack, when the propping agent is paved on branch joints 1 and 2, the residual weight of the propping agent is b grams, continuing pouring the propping agent into the crack, and when the propping agent is paved on branch joints 3 and 4, the residual weight of the propping agent is c grams. In the same manner, the proppant residual weight is d grams when the proppant is fully laid in the main joint 5, e grams when the proppant is fully laid in the branch joints 6, 7, and f grams when the proppant is fully laid in the branch joints 8, 9.
Thus, the propping agent laying mass of the branch slits 1 and 2 is (a-b)/2 g, the propping agent laying mass of the branch slits 3 and 4 is (b-c)/2 g, the propping agent laying mass of the main slit 5 is c-d g, the propping agent laying mass of the branch slits 6 and 7 is (d-e)/2 g, and the propping agent laying mass of the branch slits 8 and 9 is (e-f)/2 g; the proppant placement concentration for each slot is:
The proppant placement concentration of the main slit 5 was (c-d)/0.76 kg/m 2; the proppant placement concentration of the branch joints 1 and 2 is (a-b)/1.21 kg/m 2; the proppant placement concentration of the branch joints 8, 9 is (e-f)/1.21 kg/m 2; the proppant placement concentration of the branch joints 3 and 4 is (b-c)/1.76 kg/m 2; the proppant placement concentration of the branch joints 6, 7 was (d-e)/1.76 kg/m 2.
In another specific embodiment, steel sheets are laid in each crack, and each steel sheet is laid, the proppant laying concentration of each crack is:
The proppant placement concentration of the main slit 5 is reduced by (c-d)/7.6 kg/m 2; the proppant placement concentration of branch joints 1,2 was reduced by (a-b)/6.04 kg/m 2; the proppant placement concentration of branch joints 8, 9 was reduced (e-f)/6.04 kg/m 2; the proppant placement concentration of branch joints 3, 4 was reduced (b-c)/6.71 kg/m 2; the proppant placement concentration of branch joints 6, 7 was reduced (d-e)/6.71 kg/m 2.
In this embodiment, the proppant placement concentration of each slot can be adjusted by providing different numbers of steel sheets in each slot, and the influence of different proppant placement concentrations on the conductivity can be studied.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 4, the fracturing fracture physical model includes two main seams and two branch seams, wherein one main seam is located at an inlet end of the fracturing fracture physical model, an outlet end is connected with inlet ends of the two branch seams, and the other main seam is located at an outlet end of the fracturing fracture physical model, and an inlet end is connected with outlet ends of the two branch seams.
S2: loading the fracturing fracture physical model into a diversion chamber of a diversion capacity testing device;
In a specific embodiment, the flow conductivity testing device comprises a flow guiding chamber, a ring pressure adding device, an axial pressure adding device, a fluid supply device, a flow measuring device and a pressure measuring device, wherein the ring pressure adding device, the axial pressure adding device, the fluid supply device, the flow measuring device and the pressure measuring device are all communicated with the flow guiding chamber. When the flow conductivity testing device of the embodiment is used, the annular pressure adding device and the axial pressure adding device can load the flow guiding chamber to the target annular pressure and the target axial pressure, and the flow measuring device and the pressure measuring device can test the flow and the pressure in the flow conductivity testing experiment process.
It should be noted that, besides the flow conductivity testing device of the embodiment, the present invention may also use other flow conductivity testing devices in the prior art to perform the flow conductivity test.
S3: loading ring pressure and shaft pressure on the diversion chamber, ensuring that the stress born by each crack in the fracturing crack physical model is equal according to the ring pressure and the shaft pressure, and then carrying out a diversion capability test experiment to obtain fracturing crack diversion capability test data;
in a specific embodiment, taking gas flooding as an example, the step includes the following sub-steps:
S31: starting a advection pump to displace with small displacement, filling the annular space between the rubber sleeve and the inner wall of the diversion chamber with liquid, and loading the diversion chamber to set annular pressure; oil pressure is added to the outer side of the sealing ring, and the diversion chamber is loaded to set axial pressure;
S32: slowly injecting nitrogen into the flow guiding chamber, and measuring flow values every 5s through the flow sensor after the flow speed reaches the set flow speed; the difference of the continuous 4 times of test results is within +/-1%, which indicates that the system flow reaches a stable state;
S33: increasing the annular pressure and the axial pressure step by step to obtain test data of the fracture conductivity of the fracture under different annular pressure and axial pressure conditions;
S34: returning to the step S1, changing the laying concentration of the fracturing fracture physical model, and repeating the steps S1-S3 until the test of all target laying concentrations is completed.
S4: and calculating the diversion capacity of the fracturing fracture according to the test data.
Taking the fracturing fracture physical model shown in fig. 3 as an example, the ring pressure and the shaft pressure in step S31 in the above embodiment are determined by the following steps:
In the flow conductivity testing process, the stress on each crack is required to be equal, wherein the cracks 1,2, 5, 8 and 9 are horizontal cracks, the stress is the ring pressure loaded by each crack, however, other branch cracks are inclined, the stress is a component of the ring pressure, and the closing stress required by the crack cannot be reached, so that the crack needs to be controlled by the axial pressure.
Because the branch slits 3, 4, 6 and 7 are symmetrically arranged, the forces applied to the branch slits are the same, the branch slits 3 are selected for calculation, and the stress P 3 applied to the branch slits 3 is derived from components of P x and P y on the assumption that the ring pressure loaded by the branch slits 3 is P y and the shaft pressure is P x, namely:
in order to equalize the stress on each fracture in the fracture physical model, then:
P3＝Py (2)
Substitution into formula (1):
Px＝0.26Py (3)
According to the ring pressure P y, the magnitude of axial pressure loading is adjusted by combining the two-way valve (3), so that the stress born by each crack is ensured to be equal. For example, if the annular pressure of the fracturing fracture physical model is 10MPa, the axial pressure is 2.6MPa, so that the stress on each fracture is equal.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but is intended to be limited to the following embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents and modifications can be made to the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for testing the conductivity of the reservoir fracturing fracture is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: preparing a fracturing fracture physical model, wherein the fracturing fracture physical model can dynamically adjust the width of a fracture through a steel sheet so as to adjust the laying concentration of a propping agent;
The fracturing fracture physical model comprises a main fracture and four branch fractures, wherein the main fracture is positioned in the center of the fracturing fracture physical model, the outlet ends of the two branch fractures are connected with the inlet ends of the main fracture, and the inlet ends of the other two branch fractures are connected with the outlet ends of the main fracture;
two branch slits at the left end of the main slit and two branch slits at the right end of the main slit are symmetrically arranged about the central line of the main slit, two branch slits at the same end of the main slit are symmetrically arranged about the central line of the main slit, the four branch slits comprise horizontal branch slit sections and inclined branch slit sections which are connected, the inclined branch slit sections are connected with the main slit, and the included angle between the inclined branch slit sections and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees;
S2: loading the fracturing fracture physical model into a diversion chamber of a diversion capacity testing device;
s3: loading ring pressure and shaft pressure on the diversion chamber, ensuring that the stress born by each crack in the fracturing crack physical model is equal according to the ring pressure and the shaft pressure, and then carrying out a diversion capability test experiment to obtain fracturing crack diversion capability test data;
The annular pressure of the fracturing fracture physical model is set to be P y, and the axial pressure P x of the fracturing fracture physical model is set to be 0.26P y;
S4: and calculating the diversion capacity of the fracturing fracture according to the test data.
2. The method for testing the conductivity of a reservoir fracturing fracture according to claim 1, wherein the fracturing fracture physical model is cylindrical, and the fracturing fracture physical model is subjected to sanding operation after standing upright.
3. The method for testing the conductivity of the reservoir fracturing fracture according to claim 2, wherein when the conductivity testing experiment is performed in step S3, the test is performed under different target annular pressures and target axial pressures, and each target annular pressure and target axial pressure are sequentially performed by increasing the annular pressures and the target axial pressures step by step.
4. The method for testing the conductivity of the reservoir fracturing fracture according to claim 3, wherein when the conductivity test experiment is performed in the step S3, after the conductivity test of a certain laying concentration is completed, returning to the step S1 to change the laying concentration of the fracturing fracture physical model, and repeating the steps S1-S3 until the test of all target laying concentrations is completed.
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