CN114166720A - Method for testing flow conductivity of reservoir fracturing fracture - Google Patents
Method for testing flow conductivity of reservoir fracturing fracture Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the flow conductivity of a fracturing fracture of a reservoir, which comprises the following steps: s1: preparing a physical fracturing fracture model, wherein the physical fracturing fracture model can dynamically adjust the width of a fracture through a steel sheet so as to adjust the laying concentration of a propping agent; s2: the physical model of the fracture is arranged in a diversion chamber of a diversion capability testing device; s3: loading ring pressure and axial pressure on the flow guide chamber, ensuring that the stress borne by each fracture in the physical fracturing fracture model is equal according to the ring pressure and the axial pressure, and then performing a flow guide capability test experiment to obtain flow guide capability test data of the fracturing fracture; s4: and calculating the flow conductivity of the fractured fracture according to the test data. The method can measure the conductivity of the fracturing fracture of the reservoir and provide technical support for the development of compact reservoirs and shale reservoirs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development, in particular to a method for testing the flow conductivity of a fracturing fracture of a reservoir stratum.
Background
Along with the continuous development of oil and gas resources, the exploitation of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs such as compact sandstone oil and gas, shale oil and gas and the like is more and more emphasized, and the development difficulty is very high due to the poor physical property and strong heterogeneity of the reservoir. The volume fracturing technology can form a fracture network with mutually staggered artificial fractures and natural fractures in a reservoir, and increase the modification volume of the reservoir, so that the recovery efficiency is effectively improved.
The fracture conductivity is defined as the product of the fracture width and the fracture permeability, is an important parameter for evaluating the fracturing construction effect in the fracturing design, and fundamentally determines the yield of the well after the yield increase transformation. Generally speaking, the research on the fracture conductivity mainly aims at a single fracture, and the conductivity of a self-supporting fracture can be evaluated by a fracture conductivity meter, and the technology is mature and has related standards: NB/T10120-2018. In general, the morphology of the hydraulic fracture assumed by research is bilaterally symmetrical, but indoor and field experiments show that the morphology of the hydraulic fracture is far more complex than that of the assumed model, and the hydraulic fractures with different morphologies have great influence on the productivity of an oil well. There is considerable evidence at this stage to suggest the branching and bending characteristics of hydraulic fractures. Studies have shown that hydraulic fractures can be irregular, including fracture asymmetry, fracture bending, branching, and the like. The fracturing fracture has the conditions that the fractures of all stages are staggered, the fracture network structures are different, and the like, so that the research on the flow conductivity is more complicated, and the theory and the experimental model of a single fracture cannot be simply carried.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for testing the flow conductivity of a fractured fracture of a reservoir.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for testing the conductivity of a fractured fracture of a reservoir comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a physical fracturing fracture model, wherein the physical fracturing fracture model can dynamically adjust the width of a fracture through a steel sheet so as to adjust the laying concentration of a propping agent;
s2: the physical model of the fracture is arranged in a diversion chamber of a diversion capability testing device;
s3: loading ring pressure and axial pressure on the flow guide chamber, ensuring that the stress borne by each fracture in the physical fracturing fracture model is equal according to the ring pressure and the axial pressure, and then performing a flow guide capability test experiment to obtain flow guide capability test data of the fracturing fracture;
s4: and calculating the flow conductivity of the fractured fracture according to the test data.
Preferably, the physical fracture model comprises at least one main fracture and at least two branch fractures.
Preferably, the physical fracture model comprises a main fracture and two branch fractures, wherein the main fracture is positioned at the inlet end of the physical fracture model or at the outlet end of the physical fracture model;
when the main seam is positioned at the inlet end of a physical fracture model, the inlet ends of the two branch seams are respectively connected with the outlet end of the main seam;
and when the main seam is positioned at the outlet end of the physical fracture model, the outlet ends of the two branch seams are respectively connected with the inlet end of the main seam.
Preferably, the physical fracture model comprises a main fracture and four branch fractures, the main fracture is located in the center of the physical fracture model, the outlet ends of two branch fractures are connected with the inlet end of the main fracture, and the inlet ends of the other two branch fractures are connected with the outlet end of the main fracture.
Preferably, the two branch seams at the left end of the main seam and the two branch seams at the right end of the main seam are symmetrically arranged about the central line of the main seam, the two branch seams at the same end of the main seam are symmetrically arranged about the central line of the main seam, the four branch seams comprise a horizontal branch seam section and an inclined branch seam section which are connected, the inclined branch seam section is connected with the main seam, and the included angle between the inclined branch seam section and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees.
Preferably, in step S3, if the ring pressure of the physical fracture model is PyThe axial pressure P of the physical model of the fracturexIs 0.26Py。
Preferably, the physical fracture model comprises two main cracks and two branch cracks, wherein one main crack is located at the inlet end of the physical fracture model, the outlet end of the main crack is connected with the inlet ends of the two branch cracks, and the other main crack is located at the outlet end of the physical fracture model, and the inlet end of the main crack is connected with the outlet ends of the two branch cracks.
Preferably, the physical model of the fracture is cylindrical, and the physical model is placed upright and then subjected to sand laying operation.
Preferably, in the case of performing the test of the air flow conductivity in step S3, the test is performed at different target ring pressures and target axial pressures, and the target ring pressures and the target axial pressures are sequentially increased in stages.
Preferably, when the conductivity test experiment is performed in the step S3, after the conductivity test of a certain laying concentration is completed, the method returns to the step S1 to change the laying concentration of the physical fracture model, and repeats the steps S1 to S3 until all the target laying concentrations are tested.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can test the flow conductivity of the fracturing crack, develop an indoor flow conductivity experiment, and study the change rule of the flow conductivity of the fracturing crack so as to provide a basis for the optimization design of fracturing construction parameters.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a physical model of a fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a physical model of a fracture of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a physical model of a fracture of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the physical model of fractured fractures of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples. It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and the technical features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. It is noted that, unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" and the like in the present disclosure is intended to mean that the elements or items listed before the term cover the elements or items listed after the term and their equivalents, but not to exclude other elements or items.
The invention provides a method for testing the flow conductivity of a reservoir fracturing fracture, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a physical fracturing fracture model, wherein the physical fracturing fracture model can dynamically adjust the width of a fracture through a steel sheet so as to adjust the laying concentration of a propping agent;
in a specific embodiment, the physical fracture model is a cylinder type, and the physical fracture model comprises at least one main fracture and at least two branch fractures.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the physical fracture model comprises a main fracture and two branch fractures, wherein the main fracture is located at the inlet end of the physical fracture model or at the outlet end of the physical fracture model; when the main seam is positioned at the inlet end of a physical fracture model, the inlet ends of the two branch seams are respectively connected with the outlet end of the main seam; and when the main seam is positioned at the outlet end of the physical fracture model, the outlet ends of the two branch seams are respectively connected with the inlet end of the main seam.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3, the physical fracture model comprises a main fracture and four branch fractures, the main fracture is located in the center of the physical fracture model, wherein the outlet ends of two branch fractures are connected with the inlet end of the main fracture, and the inlet ends of the other two branch fractures are connected with the outlet end of the main fracture. In a specific embodiment, the two branch seams at the left end of the main seam and the two branch seams at the right end of the main seam are symmetrically arranged about the center line of the main seam, and the two branch seams at the same end of the main seam are symmetrically arranged about the center line of the main seam.
In a specific embodiment, the physical model of the fracture has a size of 100mm x 38mm, each fracture has a length projected to the horizontal plane of 20mm, the initial width of the main fracture 5 is 1mm, the initial widths of the branch fractures 1, 2, 8 and 9 are 0.5mm, the initial widths of the branch fractures 3, 4, 6 and 7 are 0.43mm, and the included angles between the branch fractures 3, 4, 6 and 7 and the horizontal direction are 30 °. 40 pieces of 0.1mm thick steel sheets were prepared, wherein 8 pieces of 20mm by 38mm steel sheets, 16 pieces of 23.1mm by 38mm steel sheets, and 16 pieces of 20mm by 30.2mm steel sheets.
In a specific embodiment, no steel sheet is laid in each fracture, the physical model of the fracture is placed upright, the branch fractures 1 and 2 are at the bottom, and then the sand laying operation is carried out on the fracture: weighing a g of propping agent, placing the propping agent into a container, pouring the propping agent into the crack, continuously pouring the propping agent into the crack when the propping agent is spread over the branch gaps 1 and 2, and when the propping agent is spread over the branch gaps 3 and 4, the propping agent is c g. In the same manner, the proppant has a remaining weight of d grams when the proppant is spread over the main slit 5, e grams when the proppant is spread over the branch slits 6, 7, and f grams when the proppant is spread over the branch slits 8, 9.
Thus, the proppant laying mass of the branch seams 1 and 2 is (a-b)/2 g, the proppant laying mass of the branch seams 3 and 4 is (b-c)/2 g, the proppant laying mass of the main seam 5 is c-d g, the proppant laying mass of the branch seams 6 and 7 is (d-e)/2 g, and the proppant laying mass of the branch seams 8 and 9 is (e-f)/2 g; the proppant placement concentration of each seam was:
the proppant laying concentration of the main seam 5 is (c-d)/0.76kg/m2(ii) a The proppant laying concentration of the branch seams 1 and 2 is (a-b)/1.21kg/m2(ii) a The spreading concentration of the propping agent of the branch seams 8 and 9 is (e-f)/1.21kg/m2(ii) a The proppant laying concentration of the branch seams 3 and 4 is (b-c)/1.76kg/m2(ii) a The proppant laying concentration of the branch seams 6 and 7 is (d-e)/1.76kg/m2。
In another specific embodiment, steel sheets are laid in each slit, and for each steel sheet laid, the proppant laying concentration of each slit is:
proppant placement concentration reduction (c-d)/7.6kg/m for the main slot 52(ii) a Proppant placement concentration reduction of branch slots 1, 2 (a-b)/6.04kg/m2(ii) a Proppant placement concentration reduction (e-f)/6.04kg/m for branch slots 8, 92(ii) a Proppant placement concentration reduction of branch slots 3, 4 (b-c)/6.71kg/m2(ii) a Proppant placement concentration reduction (d-e)/6.71kg/m for branch slots 6, 72。
In the embodiment, the influence of different proppant laying concentrations on the flow conductivity can be researched by arranging different numbers of steel sheets in each seam so as to adjust the proppant laying concentration of each seam.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 4, the physical fracture model includes two main fractures and two branch fractures, one main fracture is located at an inlet end of the physical fracture model and an outlet end of the main fracture is connected to inlet ends of the two branch fractures, and the other main fracture is located at an outlet end of the physical fracture model and an inlet end of the main fracture is connected to outlet ends of the two branch fractures.
S2: the physical model of the fracture is arranged in a diversion chamber of a diversion capability testing device;
in a specific embodiment, the diversion capability testing device comprises a diversion chamber, a ring pressure adding device, an axial pressure adding device, a fluid supply device, a flow measuring device and a pressure measuring device, wherein the ring pressure adding device, the axial pressure adding device, the fluid supply device, the flow measuring device and the pressure measuring device are all communicated with the diversion chamber. When the flow conductivity testing device is used, the annular pressure adding device and the axial pressure adding device can load the flow guide chamber to the target annular pressure and the target axial pressure, and the flow measuring device and the pressure measuring device can test the flow and the pressure in the flow conductivity testing experiment process.
It should be noted that, in addition to the diversion capability testing device of the present embodiment, other diversion capability testing devices in the prior art may also be adopted to perform diversion capability testing in the present invention.
S3: loading ring pressure and axial pressure on the flow guide chamber, ensuring that the stress borne by each fracture in the physical fracturing fracture model is equal according to the ring pressure and the axial pressure, and then performing a flow guide capability test experiment to obtain flow guide capability test data of the fracturing fracture;
in a specific embodiment, taking gas flooding as an example, the step comprises the following substeps:
s31: starting a constant-flow pump to displace with small displacement, filling liquid in an annular space between the rubber sleeve and the inner wall of the flow guide chamber, and loading the flow guide chamber to a set annular pressure; adding oil pressure to the outer side of the sealing ring, and loading the flow guide chamber to a set axial pressure;
s32: slowly injecting nitrogen into the flow guide chamber, and measuring flow values every 5s through a flow sensor after the flow rate reaches a set flow rate; the difference of the results of 4 continuous tests is within +/-1%, which indicates that the flow of the system reaches a stable state;
s33: increasing the ring pressure and the axial pressure step by step to obtain test data of the flow conductivity of the fracture under different ring pressure and axial pressure conditions;
s34: returning to the step S1, changing the pavement concentration of the physical fracture model, and repeating the steps S1-S3 until the test of all target pavement concentrations is completed.
S4: and calculating the flow conductivity of the fractured fracture according to the test data.
Taking the physical model of the fracture shown in fig. 3 as an example, the ring pressure and the axial pressure in step S31 in the above embodiment are determined by the following steps:
in the diversion capacity testing process, stress on each crack is required to be equal, wherein the cracks 1, 2, 5, 8 and 9 are horizontal cracks, the stress is ring pressure loaded by each crack, and the stress of other branch cracks is the component of the ring pressure due to the inclined arrangement, so that the closing stress required by the cracks cannot be achieved, and therefore the cracks need to be controlled through axial pressure.
Because the branch seams 3, 4, 6 and 7 are symmetrically arranged and the applied force is the same, the branch seam 3 is selected for calculation, and the annular pressure loaded by the branch seam 3 is assumed to be PyAxial pressure of PxThe branch slit 3 is subjected to a stress P3Derived from PxAnd PyThe components of (a) are:
in order to make the stress on each fracture in the physical fracture model equal, the following steps are carried out:
P3＝Py (2)
substituted into formula (1) to obtain:
Px＝0.26Py (3)
according to ring pressure PyAnd the magnitude of axial pressure loading is adjusted by the combined type (3), so that the stress borne by each crack is equal. For example, if the ring pressure of the physical model of the fracture is 10MPa, the axial pressure is 2.6MPa, so as to ensure that the stress applied to each fracture is equal.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing the conductivity of a fractured fracture of a reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing a physical fracturing fracture model, wherein the physical fracturing fracture model can dynamically adjust the width of a fracture through a steel sheet so as to adjust the laying concentration of a propping agent;
s2: the physical model of the fracture is arranged in a diversion chamber of a diversion capability testing device;
s3: loading ring pressure and axial pressure on the flow guide chamber, ensuring that the stress borne by each fracture in the physical fracturing fracture model is equal according to the ring pressure and the axial pressure, and then performing a flow guide capability test experiment to obtain flow guide capability test data of the fracturing fracture;
s4: and calculating the flow conductivity of the fractured fracture according to the test data.
2. A method for testing conductivity of a fracture of a reservoir as defined in claim 1, wherein the physical model of a fracture comprises at least one main fracture and at least two branch fractures.
3. The method for testing the conductivity of the reservoir fracture according to claim 2, wherein the physical model of the fracture comprises a main fracture and two branch fractures, and the main fracture is positioned at the inlet end of the physical model of the fracture or at the outlet end of the physical model of the fracture;
when the main seam is positioned at the inlet end of a physical fracture model, the inlet ends of the two branch seams are respectively connected with the outlet end of the main seam;
and when the main seam is positioned at the outlet end of the physical fracture model, the outlet ends of the two branch seams are respectively connected with the inlet end of the main seam.
4. A method for testing the conductivity of a reservoir fracture according to claim 2, wherein the physical model of the fracture comprises a main fracture and four branch fractures, the main fracture is located at the center of the physical model of the fracture, the outlet ends of two branch fractures are connected with the inlet end of the main fracture, and the inlet ends of the other two branch fractures are connected with the outlet end of the main fracture.
5. The method for testing the conductivity of the fractured fracture of the reservoir according to claim 4, wherein the two branch joints at the left end of the main joint and the two branch joints at the right end of the main joint are symmetrically arranged about the central line of the main joint, the two branch joints at the same end of the main joint are symmetrically arranged about the central line of the main joint, each branch joint comprises a horizontal branch joint section and an inclined branch joint section which are connected, the inclined branch joint sections are connected with the main joint, and the included angles between the inclined branch joint sections and the horizontal plane are 30 degrees.
6. The method for testing the conductivity of the fractured fracture of the reservoir according to claim 5, wherein in the step S3, if the ring pressure of the physical model of the fractured fracture is set to be PyThe axial pressure P of the physical model of the fracturexIs 0.26Py。
7. The method for testing the conductivity of a reservoir fracture according to claim 2, wherein the physical model of the fracture comprises two main fractures and two branch fractures, one main fracture is located at the inlet end of the physical model of the fracture, the outlet end of the main fracture is connected with the inlet ends of the two branch fractures, the other main fracture is located at the outlet end of the physical model of the fracture, and the inlet end of the main fracture is connected with the outlet ends of the two branch fractures.
8. The method for testing the conductivity of the fractured fracture of the reservoir according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the physical model of the fractured fracture is cylindrical and is subjected to sand paving operation after being placed upright.
9. The method for testing the conductivity of the fractured fractures of the reservoir according to claim 8, wherein the conductivity test in the step S3 is performed under different target ring pressures and target axial pressures, and each target ring pressure and each target axial pressure are sequentially increased.
10. The method for testing the conductivity of the fractured fractures of the reservoir according to claim 9, wherein when the conductivity test experiment is performed in the step S3, after the conductivity test of a certain laying concentration is completed, the method returns to the step S1 to change the laying concentration of the physical model of the fractured fractures, and repeats the steps S1-S3 until all the target laying concentrations are tested.
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