CN114166400B - Fragment and shock wave comprehensive power measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Fragment and shock wave comprehensive power measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114166400B CN114166400B CN202111359480.7A CN202111359480A CN114166400B CN 114166400 B CN114166400 B CN 114166400B CN 202111359480 A CN202111359480 A CN 202111359480A CN 114166400 B CN114166400 B CN 114166400B
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 167
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- UQMRAFJOBWOFNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl UQMRAFJOBWOFNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/14—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force of explosions; for measuring the energy of projectiles
Abstract
The invention discloses a fragment and shock wave comprehensive power measuring device and a measuring method. The device comprises a receiving plate, an energy absorption structure, 2 sliding rails, a sealing shell and a sealing plate, wherein the energy absorption structure is arranged on the sliding rails, and the receiving plate, the energy absorption structure and the sliding rails are packaged in the sealing shell by the sealing shell and the sealing plate. The receiving plate moves along the sliding rail under the action of the fragments and the shock waves, the energy absorption structure is compressed, the energy absorption structure is deformed, and the fragments kinetic energy and the shock wave energy are converted into the kinetic energy of the receiving plate, so that the kinetic energy is converted into the deformation energy of the energy absorption structure. The deformation of the energy absorption structure is easy to measure, the method has no complicated data processing process, the measuring device is not influenced by interference signals, and the measuring result is direct and accurate; the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient disassembly and assembly of the sealing plate, low manufacturing cost and repeated use, can be widely distributed during experiments, and can deduce the comprehensive power of broken pieces and shock waves according to a great amount of experimental data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ammunition damage power assessment, and particularly relates to a comprehensive power measuring device and a comprehensive power measuring method for broken pieces and shock waves.
Background
The basic components of the explosion-killing warhead are explosive and a shell (comprising a natural shell, a semi-prefabricated fragment, a prefabricated fragment and the like), and the explosion-killing warhead is accompanied by huge energy release in the explosion process to generate strong shock waves and high-temperature high-pressure detonation products, and meanwhile, the fragment formed after the shell is crushed obtains energy and is dispersed at a certain initial speed, so that the target is broken down at a high speed, and ignition and detonation effects are generated in the target. The mechanism of destroying targets of explosion fighter parts mainly comprises two kinds of mechanisms: firstly, the target is directly impacted by the high-speed fragments, and the target is killed by virtue of the kinetic energy of the fragments; and secondly, the explosion effect, the explosion of the explosion-killing warhead, generates shock waves, and kills the target by means of the overpressure of the shock waves. The two damage elements can damage and destroy targets such as personnel, vehicles and the like to different degrees, the kinetic energy killing criterion is generally used as a killing criterion for the personnel targets, and whether the fragments penetrate through the protective shell or not is used as the killing criterion for other targets such as vehicles and the like.
The military fight portion is required to develop in the direction of remodelling, high power, high precision and multifunction, the structure is more and more complex, the power is more and more powerful, the characteristics of damage diversification are more and more prominent, and the comprehensive power assessment requirement of the fight portion is also more and more urgent. The current comprehensive power assessment has the following difficulties: 1. because the interference factors of the explosion field are more and the flight track of the fragment cannot be predicted, the measured value is inaccurate and the stability is poor, static explosion tests are often adopted to measure attenuation coefficients of various fragments prefabricated by the fragment warhead in engineering, and the actual dynamic explosion test results are deviated; 2. in the test, the area interception device is required to be arranged in a wider interval, so that the number of the measuring points is increased sharply, and a plurality of inconveniences are brought to the engineering test; 3. due to the interference of various parasitic effects of the explosion field, the measured shock wave pressure data usually contains a large amount of noise, and the characteristic value of the shock wave pressure data cannot be directly read.
In the present stage, the damage performance of the warhead is usually evaluated by separating two damage elements, namely a fragment and a shock wave, in addition, a static power test method is mostly adopted, and multiple factors such as a dynamic hit target form and target characteristics are not considered, especially, the evaluation of the dynamic power performance of the warhead is very difficult, so that the comprehensive power evaluation of the fragment and the shock wave has very high research value. The measuring device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, strong electromagnetic interference resistance, rapid arrangement, capability of being arranged in a large quantity, convenience in processing the measuring method result, high measuring precision and new guiding significance for improving the dynamic damage performance of the warhead.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of lack of the existing comprehensive power measuring method and device for the broken sheet and the shock wave, and provides the comprehensive power measuring method and device for the broken sheet and the shock wave, which are used for representing and evaluating comprehensive power of warheads and can be used for comparing and analyzing the difference of damage capacities of different warheads on the same target and different targets (personnel, vehicles and the like) by the same warhead.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention comprises a receiving plate, an energy absorbing structure, 2 sliding rails, a sealing shell and a sealing plate. The center of the bottom edge of the receiving plate flange of the receiving plate is taken as a Cartesian coordinate system origin O, one end, which is directed to be close to the sealing shell, from one end, which is close to the sealing plate is defined as a z-axis, an x-axis and a y-axis are determined according to a definition method of a left-hand coordinate system, the x-axis coincides with the bottom edge, which is close to the sealing plate, of the receiving plate flange, and the whole measuring device is symmetrical about the y-axis. Defining positive x-axis direction as right end of the measuring device and negative x-axis direction as left end of the measuring device; the positive direction of the y axis is indicated as the upper end of the measuring device, and the negative direction of the y axis is indicated as the lower end of the measuring device; the positive z-axis is referred to as the back end of the measuring device, and the negative z-axis is referred to as the front end of the measuring device. The 2 sliding rails are symmetrically arranged along the z axis along the y axis; the 2 sliding rails are fixed on the lower end face of the sealing shell; the front end faces of the 2 sliding rails are flush with the front end faces of the receiving plates. The energy absorption structure is arranged on the sliding rail, and the front end face of the energy absorption structure is tightly contacted with the rear end face of the receiving plate; the rear end of the energy absorbing structure is clamped in the sealed shell and is firmly fixed. The sealing plate is fixed on one side of the opening of the sealing shell, and the sealing plate and the sealing shell enclose the receiving plate, the energy absorbing structure and the 2 sliding rails; the sealing plate seals the upper end face of the sealing shell and the front end face of the sealing shell.
The receiving plate is used for receiving broken pieces and shock waves and consists of a receiving plate flange, a receiving plate counterweight and 2 receiving plate sliding grooves. The receiving plate flange is cuboid and is fixed above the rear of the receiving plate counterweight, and the rear end face of the receiving plate flange is flush with the rear end face of the receiving plate counterweight. Receiving length of the flange 11 Satisfy 0.01m<l 11 <2.0m, width w of receiving plate flange 11 Satisfy 0.001m<w 11 <0.2m, receiving plate flange height h 11 Satisfy 0.02m<h 11 <3.0m. The receiving plate flange is used for receiving broken pieces and shock waves, the whole receiving plate counterweight is a solid cuboid, two receiving plate sliding grooves are dug at the bottom along the z axis, the receiving plate sliding grooves are through grooves with T-shaped cross sections (the length of the through grooves along the z direction is equal to the width w of the receiving plate counterweight 12 ) Length of receiving plate weight l 12 Satisfy l 11 <l 12 <1.3l 11 Width w of receiving plate weight 12 Satisfy w 11 <w 12 <5w 11 Height h of receiving plate weight 12 Satisfy 0.01h 11 <h 12 <0.3h 11 . The receiving plate counterweight is used for stabilizing the gravity center of the receiving plate flange, the contact length of the receiving plate chute and the sliding rail is increased, and the clamping and the stopping cannot be caused by slight inclination in the sliding process. The groove of the T-shaped upper end of the receiving plate chute along the x axis is defined as a transverse groove, the groove of the T-shaped lower end of the receiving plate chute along the y axis is defined as a longitudinal groove, and the transverse groove and the longitudinal groove are vertical; length of transverse groove l 13 Satisfy 0.01l 12 <l 13 <0.3l 12 Height h of transverse groove 13 Satisfy 0.1h 12 <h 13 <h 12 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length of longitudinal groove l 14 Satisfy 0.1l 13 <l 14 <0.5l 13 Height h of longitudinal groove 14 Satisfy 0.1h 12 <h 14 <(h 12 -h 13 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The 2 receiving plate sliding grooves are symmetrical about the y-axis, and the distance l from the right end of the receiving plate sliding groove at the right end to the right end of the receiving plate counterweight 15 Satisfy 0.01l 12 <l 15 <0.1l 12 . The receiving plate is made of high-strength metal material and the like, and has density rho 1 >1.0g/cm 3 Yield strength sigma 1 >The specific material and strength of 100MPa allows penetration of the fragments without significant deformation under the action of the blast shock wave. The 2 slide rails are respectively inserted into the slide grooves of the 2 receiving plates to be connectedThe plate receiving flange and the plate receiving counterweight move along the sliding rail through the plate receiving sliding groove, and the plate receiving sliding groove is flush with the front end surface of the sliding rail; the rear end face of the counterweight of the receiving plate is closely contacted with the front end face of the energy absorption structure.
The energy absorption structure is a solid cuboid with the length l 2 Satisfy l 2 ＝l 12 Width w 2 Satisfy l 2 <w 2 <3l 2 Height h 2 Satisfy h 2 ＝h 12 -h 13 -h 14 The energy absorption structure is arranged on 2 slide rails, and the front end face of the energy absorption structure is tightly contacted with the rear end face of the counterweight of the receiving plate; the rear end of the energy absorption structure is clamped in a space formed by the rear flange of the sealing shell and the middle plate of the sealing shell and is firmly fixed; the rear end face of the energy absorption structure is flush with the rear end face of the middle plate of the sealing shell. When the energy-absorbing structure is required to be extruded by the receiving plate, the energy-absorbing structure generates plastic non-recoverable deformation, and the material of the energy-absorbing structure meets the following conditions: yield strength sigma 2 <300MPa, density ρ 2 <5.0g/cm 3 . The energy-absorbing structure can convert kinetic energy of broken pieces and shock waves into uniform plastic deformation energy absorbed in deformation forms of compression, cutting and the like, deformation displacement of the energy-absorbing structure is recorded, the energy absorbed by the energy-absorbing structure can be calculated through the mechanical properties of the energy-absorbing structure, and the comprehensive power of the broken pieces and the shock waves at the measuring points is further judged according to criteria.
The slide rail is T word roof beam structure, and the roof beam that defines T word roof beam upper end along the x axle is the crossbeam, and the roof beam that the T word roof beam lower extreme is along the y axle is the longeron, and the longeron is located the crossbeam under, and both quadrature. The cross beam is a cuboid plate, and the length l of the cross beam 31 Satisfy l 31 ＝l 13 Width w of cross beam 31 Satisfy w 12 <w 31 <w 12 +w 2 Thickness h of the cross beam 31 Satisfy h 31 ＝h 13 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The longitudinal beam is a cuboid plate, and the length l of the longitudinal beam 32 Satisfy l 32 ＝l 14 The width of the longitudinal beam is equal to w 31 Height h of longitudinal beam 32 Satisfy h 32 ＝h 14 . The lower end face of the longitudinal beam is provided with two first screw holes with the diameter D 33 Satisfy 0.1l 32 <D 33 <l 32 First screw hole depth h 33 Satisfy 0.3D 33 <h 33 <h 31 The distance w from the first screw hole at the front end to the front end surface of the sliding rail 32 Satisfy w 32 ＝(1/3)w 31 Distance w between two first screw holes 33 Satisfy w 33 ＝(1/3)w 31 The distance w from the first screw hole at the rear end to the rear end face of the sliding rail 34 Satisfy w 34 ＝(1/3)w 31 The sliding rail is fixedly connected with the lower end face of the shell of the sealing shell through screwing of screws in the two first screw holes. The sliding rail is made of high-strength metal materials and the like, and the density rho 3 >1.0g/cm 3 Yield strength sigma 3 >300MPa, no obvious deformation under the action of explosion shock wave. The cross beams of the 2 sliding rails are respectively inserted into the transverse grooves of the 2 receiving plate sliding grooves, the longitudinal beams of the 2 sliding rails are respectively inserted into the longitudinal grooves of the 2 receiving plate sliding grooves, the front end surfaces of the sliding rails are flush with the front end surfaces of the receiving plate sliding grooves, and the friction coefficient mu between the contact surfaces (namely between the cross beams and the transverse grooves and between the longitudinal beams and the longitudinal grooves) of the sliding rails and the receiving plate sliding grooves is less than or equal to 0.01. The sliding rail is used for supporting the energy absorbing structure, and the receiving plate flange is driven to move along the sliding rail through the receiving plate sliding groove after being subjected to the effects of fragments and shock waves.
The seal shell consists of a shell, a seal shell middle plate and a graduated scale. The shell is a cuboid box with front end face and upper end face open, and the wall thickness h of the shell 41 Satisfy 0.01h 12 <h 41 <0.3h 12 Length l of the housing 4 Satisfy l 4 ＝l 12 +2h 41 Width w of the housing 4 Satisfy w 4 ＝w 12 +w 2 +2h 41 Height h of the housing 4 Satisfy h 4 ＝h 12 +h 32 -h 14 +2h 41 . For convenience of description, a rear side rectangular plate defining an upper end surface of the case (the case may be regarded as a rectangle cut out from the upper end surface, and an edge portion may not be completely cut out) is a rear flange, and left and right side rectangular plates defining an upper end surface of the case 40 are side flanges. Width w of rear flange 41 Satisfy h 41 <w 41 <0.3w 4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length of side flange l 42 Satisfy h 41 <l 42 <0.3l 4 Width w of side flange 42 Satisfy w 42 ＝w 4 -w 41 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The middle plate of the sealing shell is a cuboid plate and is vertically stuck to the rear end face of the sealing shell along the y axis, and the length l of the middle plate of the sealing shell 43 Satisfy l 43 ＝l 4 -2h 41 Width w of plate in sealed housing 43 Satisfy 0.01w 2 <w 43 <0.3w 2 Thickness h of plate in sealed housing 43 Satisfy 0.1h 41 <h 43 ≤h 41 Distance h from upper end face of middle plate to upper end face of rear flange of sealed shell 431 Satisfy h 431 ＝h 2 +h 41 . The left end face of the shell is provided with a second screw through hole with the diameter D 44 Satisfy D 44 ＝D 33 Distance w from second screw through hole to front end face of shell 44 Satisfy w 44 ＝(1/2)h 41 The distance from the second screw through hole to the upper end face of the shell is equal to h 44 Satisfy h 44 ＝(1/2)h 4 The left end face of the shell is connected with the left end of the lower plate of the sealing plate through the screw in the second screw through hole of the left end face, and the right end face of the shell is connected with the right end of the lower plate of the sealing plate through the screw in the second screw through hole of the right end face. The shell and the sealing plate are fixedly connected through screws, the receiving plate, the energy absorbing structure and the sliding rail are packaged in the shell, and the receiving plate, the energy absorbing structure and the sliding rail are protected from accidental impact damage. The lower end face of the shell is provided with four first screw through holes, the positions of the left two first screw through holes and the right two first screw through holes are symmetrical about the y axis, and the diameter D of the first screw through holes is required 45 Satisfy D 45 ＝D 33 Distance l from right front first screw through hole to right end face of shell 45 Satisfy l 45 ＝(1/2)l 14 +l 15 +h 41 Distance w from right front first screw through hole to front end face of shell 45 Satisfy w 45 ＝(1/3)w 31 +h 41 Distance w between right two first screw through holes 46 Satisfy w 46 ＝(1/3)w 31 The first screw through hole of the lower end surface of the shell is aligned with the first screw hole of the sliding rail coaxially, and the first screw through hole is aligned with the first screw holeThe screw hole is internally screwed with a screw so as to fix the sliding rail on the lower end face of the shell. The upper end face of the side flange on the right side is carved with a graduated scale, the graduated scale is along the z direction, the graduation value is smaller than 1mm, and the deformation displacement of the energy absorption structure can be conveniently read. The sealing shell is made of high-strength metal materials or organic glass, and the density rho 4 >1.0g/cm 3 Yield strength sigma 4 >100MPa, the broken piece cannot penetrate through, and no obvious deformation is caused under the action of explosion shock waves. Rear flange for packaging rear side edge of upper end face of energy-absorbing structure, rear side edge width w 21 Satisfy w 21 ＝w 41 -h 41 The side edges are used for packaging left and right side edges of the upper end face of the energy absorption structure, and the length w of the left side edge 21 Satisfy w 22 ＝w 2 -w 21 Width l 22 Satisfy l 22 ＝l 42 -h 41 The right side edge is the same size as the left side, preventing the energy absorbing structure from moving left and right. The space formed by the upper end face of the middle plate and the lower end face of the rear flange of the sealing shell is just clamped at the rear end of the energy absorbing structure, so that the energy absorbing structure is firmly fixed.
The sealing plate is of an L-shaped structure consisting of a sealing plate lower plate and a sealing plate upper plate, wherein the sealing plate lower plate is positioned below the sealing plate upper plate, and the sealing plate lower plate and the sealing plate upper plate are vertical and have the front end faces flush. The lower plate of the sealing plate is a cuboid plate, and the length l of the lower plate of the sealing plate 51 Satisfy l 51 ＝l 4 -2h 41 Width w of seal plate lower plate 51 Satisfy w 51 ＝h 41 Height h of seal plate lower plate 51 Satisfy h 51 ＝h 4 -h 41 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The upper plate of the sealing plate is a cuboid plate, and the length l of the upper plate of the sealing plate 52 Satisfy l 52 ＝l 4 -2l 42 Width w of upper plate of sealing plate 52 Full w 52 ＝w 12 -w 11 +w 51 Height h of upper plate of sealing plate 52 Satisfy h 52 ＝h 41 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Distance l from the left end face of the lower plate to the left end face of the upper plate 53 Is l 53 ＝(l 51 -l 52 ) And/2, the distance from the right end face of the lower plate of the sealing plate to the right end face of the upper plate of the sealing plate is also l 53 . Left end face of lower plate of sealing plateAnd a second screw hole is symmetrically arranged on the right end face, and the diameter D of the second screw hole is required 54 Satisfy D 54 ＝D 33 Distance w from second screw hole to rear end face of sealing plate lower plate 54 Satisfy w 54 ＝(1/2)w 51 Distance h from second screw hole to upper end face of sealing plate lower plate 54 Satisfy h 54 ＝(1/2)h 4 -h 52 Second screw hole depth l 54 Is l 54 ＝h 33 The second screw hole of the left end face of the lower plate of the sealing plate is aligned with the second screw through hole of the left end face of the sealing shell in a coaxial mode, the second screw hole of the right end face of the lower plate of the sealing plate is aligned with the second screw through hole of the right end face of the sealing shell in a coaxial mode, and Kong Naxuan is provided with screws to fix the lower plate of the sealing plate on the shell. The sealing plate is used for sealing the upper end face and the front end face of the sealing shell. After each test is finished, the repeated utilization of the measuring device can be realized by disassembling the sealing plate, replacing the receiving plate and the energy absorbing structure. The sealing plate is made of high-strength metal material or organic glass, etc., and has density ρ 5 >1.0g/cm 3 Yield strength sigma 5 >100MPa, the broken piece cannot penetrate through, and no obvious deformation is caused under the action of explosion shock waves.
The method for measuring the comprehensive power of the broken sheet and the shock wave by adopting the invention comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, calibrating by a dynamic loading technology to obtain a stable deformation force F of an energy absorption structure, wherein the unit is N;
the second step, the position of the back end face of the receiving plate at the initial moment is positioned by a graduated scale, and is expressed as x 0 。
Setting an explosion point, detonating at the explosion point, scattering the generated fragments in the space, transmitting the shock waves in the space, enabling the fragments and the shock waves to reach a receiving plate, receiving the kinetic energy of the fragments and the shock waves by the receiving plate, and converting the kinetic energy into the kinetic energy of the receiving plate;
fourth, after explosion impact, the receiving plate flange is driven to move along the sliding rail through the receiving plate sliding groove by the action of the broken pieces and the impact waves, the energy absorption structure is compressed, the energy absorption structure is stably deformed, and finally the rear end face of the receiving plate moves to x 1 Through scales ofInterpretation of the ruler to obtain x 1 ；
Fifthly, calculating the plastic deformation displacement generated by the energy absorption structure as deltax=x 1 -x 0 (x 0 、x 1 And Δx units are m);
sixth, according to the deformation formula of the energy-absorbing structureThe kinetic energy E of the receiving plate at the measuring point is obtained;
And seventh, referring to a personnel killing criterion and a vehicle damage criterion (Wang Shushan, 2 nd edition of end effect theory, science publishing company, 156 pages of energy critical criterion and 167 pages of energy density criterion), comparing the magnitude relation between the kinetic energy E of the receiving plate and the criterion to obtain the damage grade of the personnel and the vehicle, wherein the personnel target uses the kinetic energy killing criterion as a killing criterion, and other targets such as the vehicle use whether the broken piece can penetrate through the receiving plate as a killing criterion.
The existing comprehensive power measuring device for broken sheets and shock waves is limited in variety, and is mostly composed of electrical measuring equipment, high in cost and high in restriction degree of field test conditions. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: based on the principle of conservation of energy, the breaking kinetic energy and the impact wave energy are converted into the kinetic energy of the receiving plate, and then are converted into the deformation energy of the energy-absorbing structure, and the deformation of the energy-absorbing structure is easy to measure. The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient disassembly and assembly of the sealing plate, low manufacturing cost and repeated use, only needs to replace the receiving plate and the energy absorption structure in each experiment, and can be widely distributed during dynamic explosion experiments to deduce the comprehensive power of fragments and shock waves according to a great amount of experimental data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of the present invention (scale 46 is merely illustrative and does not represent a physical object)
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the plane yoz of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an isometric view of the receiving plate 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a general structural diagram of an energy absorbing structure 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an isometric view of the slide rail 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a structural view of the package case 4 of the present invention, fig. 6 (a) is an isometric view of the package case 4 of the present invention, fig. 6 (b) is an isometric view of the case 40, and fig. 6 (c) is an isometric view of the energy absorbing structure 2 (fig. 6 is put away for the purpose of illustrating the relationship with the package case 4).
Fig. 7 is an isometric view of the invention before and after an explosion impact, fig. 7 (a) is an isometric view of the invention before an explosion impact, and fig. 7 (b) is an isometric view of the invention after an explosion impact (the sealing plate 5 is not shown to ensure the simplicity and clarity of the isometric view).
Fig. 8 is an isometric view of the seal plate 5 of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. receiving plate, 11, receiving plate flange, 12, receiving plate weight, 13, receiving plate runner, 131, cross slot, 132, longitudinal slot, 2, energy absorbing structure, 3, rail, 31, cross beam, 32, longitudinal beam, 33, first screw hole, 4, seal housing, 40, housing, 41, rear flange, 42, side flange, 43, seal housing middle plate, 44, first screw through hole, 45, second screw through hole, 46, scale, 5, seal plate, 51, seal plate lower plate, 52, seal plate upper plate, 54, second screw hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description for those skilled in the art to understand and practice the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the measuring apparatus of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the plane yoz of fig. 1. The invention consists of a receiving plate 1, an energy absorbing structure 2, 2 sliding rails 3, a sealing shell 4 and a sealing plate 5. The center of the bottom edge of the receiving plate flange 11 of the receiving plate 1 is defined as a cartesian coordinate system origin O, the end directed from the end near the sealing plate 5 toward the end near the sealing case 4 is defined as a z-axis, the x-axis and the y-axis are determined according to the definition method of the left-hand coordinate system, the x-axis coincides with the bottom edge of the receiving plate flange 11 near the sealing plate 5, and the measuring device is symmetrical about the y-axis as a whole. Defining positive x-axis direction as right end of the measuring device and negative x-axis direction as left end of the measuring device; the positive direction of the y axis is indicated as the upper end of the measuring device, and the negative direction of the y axis is indicated as the lower end of the measuring device; the positive z-axis is referred to as the back end of the measuring device, and the negative z-axis is referred to as the front end of the measuring device. The 2 sliding rails 3 are symmetrically arranged along the z axis along the y axis; the 2 sliding rails 3 are fixed on the lower end surface of the sealing shell 4; the front end faces of the 2 sliding rails 3 are flush with the front end face of the receiving plate 1. The energy absorption structure 2 is arranged on the sliding rail 3, and the front end surface of the energy absorption structure 2 is tightly contacted with the rear end surface of the receiving plate 1; the rear end of the energy absorbing structure 2 is clamped in the sealed shell 4 and is firmly fixed. The sealing plate 5 is fixed on one side of the opening of the sealing shell 4, and the sealing plate 5 and the sealing shell 4 enclose the receiving plate 1, the energy absorbing structure 2 and the 2 sliding rails 3; the sealing plate 5 closes both the upper end face of the seal housing 4 and the front end face of the seal housing 4.
Fig. 3 is an isometric view of a measuring device receiving plate 1 of the present invention. The receiving plate 1 is used for receiving broken pieces and shock waves and consists of a receiving plate flange 11, a receiving plate counterweight 12 and 2 receiving plate sliding grooves 13. The receiving plate flange 11 is a rectangular parallelepiped fixed to the rear upper side of the receiving plate weight 12, and the rear end surface of the receiving plate flange 11 is flush with the rear end surface of the receiving plate weight 12. Length l of receiving plate flange 11 11 Satisfy 0.01m<l 11 <2.0m, width w of receiving plate flange 11 11 Satisfy 0.001m<w 11 <0.2m, height h of receiving plate flange 11 11 Satisfy 0.02m<h 11 <3.0m. The receiving plate flange 11 is used for receiving broken pieces and shock waves, the receiving plate counterweight 12 is a solid cuboid as a whole, two receiving plate sliding grooves 13 are dug at the bottom along the z-axis, the receiving plate sliding grooves 13 are through grooves with T-shaped cross sections (the length of the through grooves along the z-direction is equal to the width w of the receiving plate counterweight 12 12 ) Length l of receiving plate weight 12 12 Satisfy l 11 <l 12 <1.3l 11 Width w of receiving plate weight 12 12 Satisfy w 11 <w 12 <5w 11 Height h of receiving plate weight 12 12 Satisfy 0.01h 11 <h 12 <0.3h 11 . The receiving plate weight 12 serves to stabilize the center of gravity of the receiving plate flange 11, increase the contact length of the receiving plate sliding groove 13 and the slide rail 3,the locking caused by slight inclination in the sliding process can be avoided. The groove of the T-shaped upper end of the receiving plate chute 13 along the x axis is a transverse groove 131, the groove of the T-shaped lower end along the y axis is a longitudinal groove 132, and the transverse groove 131 is vertical to the longitudinal groove 132; length l of transverse slot 131 13 Satisfy 0.01l 12 <l 13 <0.3l 12 Height h of transverse groove 131 13 Satisfy 0.1h 12 <h 13 <h 12 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length l of longitudinal groove 132 14 Satisfy 0.1l 13 <l 14 <0.5l 13 Height h of longitudinal groove 132 14 Satisfy 0.1h 12 <h 14 <(h 12 -h 13 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The 2 receiving plate sliding grooves 13 are symmetrical about the y-axis, and the distance l from the right end of the receiving plate sliding groove 13 at the right end to the right end of the receiving plate counterweight 12 15 Satisfy 0.01l 12 <l 15 <0.1l 12 . The receiving plate 1 is made of high-strength metal material, etc., and has density ρ 1 >1.0g/cm 3 Yield strength sigma 1 >The specific material and strength of 100MPa allows penetration of the fragments without significant deformation under the action of the blast shock wave. The front end surfaces of the receiving plate sliding grooves 13 and the sliding rails 3 are flush, 2 sliding rails 3 are respectively inserted into the 2 receiving plate sliding grooves 13, and the receiving plate flange 11 and the receiving plate counterweight 12 move along the sliding rails 3 through the receiving plate sliding grooves 13; the rear end face of the receiving plate weight 12 is in close contact with the front end face of the energy absorbing structure 2.
Fig. 4 is an isometric view of the energy absorbing structure 2 of the measuring device of the present invention. The energy absorption structure 2 is a solid cuboid with the length l 2 Satisfy l 2 ＝l 12 Width w 2 Satisfy l 2 <w 2 <3l 2 Height h 2 Satisfy h 2 ＝h 12 -h 13 -h 14 The energy-absorbing structure 2 is arranged on 2 slide rails 3, and the front end surface of the energy-absorbing structure 2 is closely contacted with the rear end surface of the counterweight 12 of the receiving plate; the rear end of the energy absorption structure 2 is clamped in a space formed by the rear flange 41 of the sealing shell 4 and the middle plate 43 of the sealing shell and is firmly fixed; the rear end face of the energy absorbing structure 2 is flush with the rear end face of the seal housing middle plate 43. When the energy-absorbing structure 2 is required to be extruded by the receiving plate 1, the energy-absorbing structure 2 generates plastic unrecoverable deformation, and the material of the energy-absorbing structure 2 meets the following conditions: yield strength sigma 2 <300MPa, density ρ 2 <5.0g/cm 3 . The energy-absorbing structure 2 can convert kinetic energy of broken pieces and shock waves into uniform plastic deformation energy absorbed in deformation forms of compression, cutting and the like, deformation displacement of the energy-absorbing structure 2 is recorded, the energy absorbed by the energy-absorbing structure 2 can be calculated through the mechanical properties of the energy-absorbing structure 2, and the comprehensive power of broken pieces and shock waves at the measuring points is further judged according to criteria.
Fig. 5 is an isometric view of the slide 3 of the measuring device of the present invention. The slide rail 3 is of a T-shaped beam structure, a beam of the upper end of the T-shaped beam along the x axis is defined as a cross beam 31, a beam of the lower end of the T-shaped beam along the y axis is defined as a longitudinal beam 32, and the longitudinal beam 32 is positioned right below the cross beam 31 and is orthogonal to the cross beam 31. The cross beam 31 is a cuboid plate, and the length l of the cross beam 31 31 Satisfy l 31 ＝l 13 Width w of cross beam 31 31 Satisfy w 12 <w 31 <w 12 +w 2 Thickness h of cross beam 31 31 Satisfy h 31 ＝h 13 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The longitudinal beam 32 is a rectangular parallelepiped plate, and the length l of the longitudinal beam 32 32 Satisfy l 32 ＝l 14 The width of the stringers 32 is equal to w 31 Height h of stringer 32 32 Satisfy h 32 ＝h 14 . The lower end face of the longitudinal beam 32 is provided with two first screw holes 33, the diameter D of the first screw holes 33 is required 33 Satisfy 0.1l 32 <D 33 <l 32 First screw hole 33 depth h 33 Satisfy 0.3D 33 <h 33 <h 31 The distance w from the first screw hole 33 at the front end to the front end surface of the slide rail 3 32 Satisfy w 32 ＝(1/3)w 31 Distance w between two first screw holes 33 33 Satisfy w 33 ＝(1/3)w 31 The distance w from the first screw hole 33 at the rear end to the rear end face of the slide rail 3 34 Satisfy w 34 ＝(1/3)w 31 The sliding rail 3 is fixedly connected with the lower end face of the shell 40 of the sealing shell 4 by screwing the screws in the two first screw holes 33. The sliding rail 3 is made of high-strength metal material and the like, and has density ρ 3 >1.0g/cm 3 Yield strength sigma 3 >300MPa, specific materials and strength are required to have no obvious deformation under the action of explosion shock waves. The cross beams 31 of 2 slide rails 3 are respectively inserted into the transverse grooves 131 of 2 receiving plate slide grooves 13, 2The longitudinal beams 32 of the sliding rail 3 are respectively inserted into the longitudinal grooves 132 of the 2 receiving plate sliding grooves 13, the front end surfaces of the sliding rail 3 are flush with the front end surfaces of the receiving plate sliding grooves 13, and the friction coefficient mu between the contact surfaces (namely between the cross beam 31 and the transverse groove 131 and between the longitudinal beams 32 and the longitudinal grooves 132) of the sliding rail 3 and the receiving plate sliding grooves 13 is less than or equal to 0.01. The sliding rail 3 is used for supporting the energy absorbing structure 2, and the receiving plate flange 11 drives the receiving plate counterweight 12 to move along the sliding rail 3 through the receiving plate sliding groove 13 after being subjected to the effects of fragments and shock waves.
Fig. 6 (a) is an isometric view of the sealing housing 4 of the measuring device of the present invention, fig. 6 (b) is an isometric view of the housing 40, and fig. 6 (c) is an isometric view of the energy absorbing structure 2. Fig. 7 (a) is an isometric view of the invention before being impacted by an explosion, and fig. 7 (b) is an isometric view of the invention after being impacted by an explosion (the sealing plate 5 is not shown to ensure that the isometric view is concise and clear). The seal housing 4 is composed of a housing 40, a seal housing middle plate 43 and a scale 46. The housing 40 is a rectangular box with front and upper end faces open, and the wall thickness h of the housing 40 41 Satisfy 0.01h 12 <h 41 <0.3h 12 Length l of housing 40 4 Satisfy l 4 ＝l 12 +2h 41 Width w of housing 40 4 Satisfy w 4 ＝w 12 +w 2 +2h 41 Height h of housing 40 4 Satisfy h 4 ＝h 12 +h 32 -h 14 +2h 41 . For convenience of description, the upper end face of the case 40 (the case 40 may be regarded as a rectangle in which an edge portion is not completely cut out) is defined as a rear flange 41 (see a "cross" hatched area in fig. 6 b), and the left and right side cuboid plates of the upper end face of the case 40 are defined as side flanges 42 (see a "diagonal" hatched area in fig. 6 b). Width w of rear flange 41 41 Satisfy h 41 <w 41 <0.3w 4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length l of side flange 42 42 Satisfy h 41 <l 42 <0.3l 4 Width w of side flange 42 42 Satisfy w 42 ＝w 4 -w 41 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The seal housing middle plate 43 is a rectangular parallelepiped plate and is vertically stuck to the rear end face of the seal housing 4 along the y-axis, and the length l of the seal housing middle plate 43 43 Satisfy l 43 ＝l 4 -2h 41 In a sealed housingWidth w of plate 43 43 Satisfy 0.01w 2 <w 43 <0.3w 2 Thickness h of plate 43 in sealed housing 43 Satisfy 0.1h 41 <h 43 ≤h 41 Distance h from upper end surface of seal case middle plate 43 to upper end surface of rear flange 41 431 Satisfy h 431 ＝h 2 +h 41 . The left end face of the housing 40 is provided with a second screw through hole 44, the diameter D of the second screw through hole 44 is required 44 Satisfy D 44 ＝D 33 Distance w from second screw through hole 44 to front end face of housing 40 44 Satisfy w 44 ＝(1/2)h 41 The distance from the second screw through hole 44 to the upper end surface of the housing 40 is equal to h 44 Satisfy h 44 ＝(1/2)h 4 The left end face of the shell 40 is connected with the left end of the sealing plate lower plate 51 through the screws in the second screw through holes 44 of the left end face, and the right end face of the shell 40 is connected with the right end of the sealing plate lower plate 51 through the screws in the second screw through holes 44 of the right end face. The shell 40 and the sealing plate 5 are fixedly connected through screws, the receiving plate 1, the energy absorbing structure 2 and the sliding rail 3 are packaged in the shell 40, and the receiving plate, the energy absorbing structure 2 and the sliding rail 3 are protected from accidental impact damage. The lower end surface of the shell 40 is provided with four first screw through holes 45, the positions of the left two first screw through holes 45 and the right two first screw through holes 45 are symmetrical about the y axis, and the diameter D of the first screw through holes 45 is required 45 Satisfy D 45 ＝D 33 Distance l from right front first screw through hole 45 to right end face of housing 40 45 Satisfy l 45 ＝(1/2)l 14 +l 15 +h 41 The distance w from the right front first screw through hole 45 to the front end surface of the housing 40 45 Satisfy w 45 ＝(1/3)w 31 +h 41 Distance w between right two first screw through holes 45 46 Satisfy w 46 ＝(1/3)w 31 The first screw through hole 45 of the lower end surface of the housing 40 is aligned with the first screw hole 33 of the slide rail 3 coaxially, and screws are screwed into the first screw through hole 45 and the first screw hole 33 to fix the slide rail 3 on the lower end surface of the housing 40. The upper end face of the side flange 42 on the right side is carved with a graduated scale 46, and the graduated scale 46 is along the z direction, and the graduation value is less than 1mm, so that the deformation displacement of the energy absorption structure 2 can be conveniently read. The sealing shell 4 is made of high-strength metal material or organic glass and the like, Density ρ 4 >1.0g/cm 3 Yield strength sigma 4 >The specific material and strength of 100MPa do not allow the broken pieces to penetrate, and the broken pieces do not deform obviously under the action of explosion shock waves. As shown in fig. 6 (c), the rear flange 41 is used to encapsulate the rear side edge of the upper end face of the energy absorbing structure 2 (see "cross" hatched area in fig. 6 (c)), and the rear side edge width w 21 Satisfy w 21 ＝w 41 -h 41 The side edges 42 are used to encapsulate the left and right side edges of the upper end face of the energy absorbing structure 2 (see "diagonally" shaded areas in fig. 6 (b)), the left side edge length w 22 Satisfy w 22 ＝w 2 -w 21 Width l 22 Satisfy l 22 ＝l 42 -h 41 The right side edge is of the same size as the left side, i.e. the length of the right side edge is equal to w 22 Width=l 22 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Preventing the energy absorbing structure 2 from moving left and right. The space formed by the upper end surface of the middle plate 43 of the sealing shell and the lower end surface of the rear flange 41 just clamps the rear end of the energy absorbing structure 2, so that the energy absorbing structure 2 is firmly fixed.
Fig. 8 is an isometric view of the seal plate 5 of the present invention. The sealing plate 5 has an L-shaped structure composed of a sealing plate lower plate 51 and a sealing plate upper plate 52, wherein the sealing plate lower plate 51 is positioned below the sealing plate upper plate 52, and the sealing plate lower plate 51 and the sealing plate upper plate are vertical and have the front end faces flush. The lower plate 51 is a rectangular parallelepiped plate, and the length l of the lower plate 51 51 Satisfy l 51 ＝l 4 -2h 41 Width w of seal plate lower plate 51 51 Satisfy w 51 ＝h 41 Height h of seal plate lower plate 51 51 Satisfy h 51 ＝h 4 -h 41 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The upper plate 52 is a rectangular parallelepiped plate, and the length l of the upper plate 52 52 Satisfy l 52 ＝l 4 -2l 42 Width w of seal plate upper plate 52 52 Full w 52 ＝w 12 -w 11 +w 51 Height h of seal plate upper plate 52 52 Satisfy h 52 ＝h 41 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Distance l from the left end surface of seal plate lower plate 51 to the left end surface of seal plate upper plate 52 53 Is l 53 ＝(l 51 -l 52 ) 2, the distance from the right end surface of the lower plate 51 to the right end surface of the upper plate 52 is l 53 . Sealing plateThe lower plate 51 has a second screw hole 54 symmetrically formed on the left and right end surfaces thereof, and the second screw hole 54 has a diameter D 54 Satisfy D 54 ＝D 33 Distance w from second screw hole 54 to rear end face of sealing plate lower plate 51 54 Satisfy w 54 ＝(1/2)w 51 Distance h from second screw hole 54 to upper end surface of sealing plate lower plate 51 54 Satisfy h 54 ＝(1/2)h 4 -h 52 Second screw hole 54 depth l 54 Is l 54 ＝h 33 The second screw hole 54 on the left end face of the sealing plate lower plate 51 is aligned with the second screw through hole 44 on the left end face of the sealing case 4 coaxially, the second screw hole 54 on the right end face of the sealing plate lower plate 51 is aligned with the second screw through hole 44 on the right end face of the sealing case 4 coaxially, and Kong Naxuan is provided with a screw to fix the sealing plate lower plate 51 on the case 40. The sealing plate 5 is used to close the upper end face and the front end face of the seal housing 4. After each test, the repeated use of the measuring device can be realized by disassembling the sealing plate 5, replacing the receiving plate 1 and the energy absorbing structure 2. The sealing plate 5 is made of high-strength metal material or organic glass, and has density ρ 5 >1.0g/cm 3 Yield strength sigma 5 >The specific material and strength of 100MPa do not allow the broken pieces to penetrate, and the broken pieces do not deform obviously under the action of explosion shock waves.
The method for measuring the comprehensive power of the broken sheet and the shock wave by adopting the invention comprises the following steps:
firstly, calibrating by a dynamic loading technology to obtain a deformation force F of the energy absorption structure 2, wherein the unit is N;
second, the position of the back end face of the receiving plate 1 at the initial moment is positioned by the graduated scale 46, and is denoted as x 0 (as shown in fig. 7 (a)).
Setting an explosion point, detonating at the explosion point, scattering the generated fragments in the space, transmitting the shock waves in the space, enabling the fragments and the shock waves to reach the receiving plate 1, and enabling the receiving plate 1 to receive kinetic energy of the fragments and the shock waves and convert the kinetic energy into kinetic energy of the receiving plate 1;
fourth, after explosion impact, the receiving plate flange 11 is driven to move along the sliding rail 3 through the receiving plate sliding groove 13 by the action of fragments and shock waves, the energy absorption structure 2 is compressed,the energy-absorbing structure 2 is stably deformed, and finally the rear end face of the receiving plate 1 moves to x 1 (as shown in FIG. 7 (b)), x is determined by the scale 46 1 ；
Fifth, calculating the plastic deformation displacement generated by the energy absorption structure 2 as deltax=x 1 -x 0 (x 0 、x 1 And Δx units are m);
Sixth, according to the deformation formula of the energy-absorbing structure 2The kinetic energy E of the receiving plate 1 at the measuring point is obtained;
and seventh, referring to the personnel's damage criterion and the vehicle's damage criterion (Wang Shushan, 2 nd edition of end effect science (scientific press), 156 pages of "energy critical criterion" and 167 pages of "energy density criterion"), comparing the magnitude relation between the kinetic energy E of the receiving plate 1 and the criterion to obtain the damage grade of the personnel and the vehicle, using the kinetic energy damage criterion as the damage criterion for personnel targets, and using whether fragments can penetrate through the receiving plate 1 as the damage criterion for other targets such as vehicles.
The above embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure and the size of the device can be correspondingly adjusted according to actual needs. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. The comprehensive power measuring device for the broken sheet and the shock wave is characterized by comprising a receiving plate (1), an energy absorbing structure (2), 2 sliding rails (3), a sealing shell (4) and a sealing plate (5); defining the center of the bottom edge of the receiving plate flange (11) of the receiving plate (1) as a Cartesian coordinate system origin O, defining the end which points to the sealing shell (4) from the end close to the sealing plate (5) as a z-axis, determining an x-axis and a y-axis according to a definition method of a left-hand coordinate system, wherein the x-axis coincides with the bottom edge of the receiving plate flange (11) close to the sealing plate (5), and the whole measuring device is symmetrical about the y-axis; defining positive x-axis direction as right end of the measuring device and negative x-axis direction as left end of the measuring device; the positive direction of the y axis is indicated as the upper end of the measuring device, and the negative direction of the y axis is indicated as the lower end of the measuring device; the positive direction of the z axis is the rear end of the measuring device, and the negative direction of the z axis is the front end of the measuring device; the 2 sliding rails (3) are symmetrically arranged along the z axis along the y axis; the 2 sliding rails (3) are fixed on the lower end surface of the sealing shell (4); the front end surfaces of the 2 sliding rails (3) are flush with the front end surface of the receiving plate (1); the energy absorption structure (2) is arranged on the sliding rail (3), and the front end surface of the energy absorption structure (2) is tightly contacted with the rear end surface of the receiving plate (1); the rear end of the energy absorption structure (2) is clamped and fixed in the sealing shell (4); the sealing plate (5) is fixed on one side of the opening of the sealing shell (4), and the receiving plate (1), the energy absorption structure (2) and the 2 sliding rails (3) are surrounded by the sealing plate (5) and the sealing shell (4); the sealing plate (5) not only seals the upper end face of the sealing shell (4) but also seals the front end face of the sealing shell (4);
The receiving plate (1) is used for receiving fragments and shock waves and consists of a receiving plate flange (11), a receiving plate counterweight (12) and 2 receiving plate sliding grooves (13); the receiving plate flange (11) is a cuboid and is fixed above the rear of the receiving plate counterweight (12), and the rear end face of the receiving plate flange (11) is flush with the rear end face of the receiving plate counterweight (12); receiving plate flange (11) of length l 11 The width of the receiving plate flange (11) is w 11 The receiving plate flange (11) has a height h 11 The receiving plate flange (11) is used for receiving fragments and shock waves; the receiving plate counterweight (12) is a cuboid, two receiving plate sliding grooves (13) are dug at the bottom along the z axis, the receiving plate sliding grooves (13) are through grooves with T-shaped cross sections, and the length of the through grooves along the z direction is equal to the width w of the receiving plate counterweight (12) 12 The length of the receiving plate counterweight (12) is l 12 The width of the receiving plate weight (12) is w 12 The height of the receiving plate counterweight (12) is h 12 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The receiving plate counterweight (12) is used for stabilizing the gravity center of the receiving plate flange (11) and increasing the contact length of the receiving plate chute (13) and the sliding rail (3); the grooves of the upper end of the T shape of the receiving plate chute (13) along the x axis are defined as transverse grooves (131), the grooves of the lower end of the T shape along the y axis are defined as longitudinal grooves (132), and the transverse grooves (131) are vertical to the longitudinal grooves (132); the length of the transverse groove (131) is l 13 The height of the transverse groove (131) is h 13 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length of longitudinal groove (132)Degree of l 14 The height of the longitudinal groove (132) is h 14 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The 2 receiving plate sliding grooves (13) are symmetrical about the y-axis, and the distance from the right end of the receiving plate sliding groove (13) at the right end to the right end of the receiving plate counterweight (12) is l 15 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The receiving plate (1) is made of metal materials, and is required to allow the fragments to penetrate but not deform under the action of explosion shock waves; 1 sliding rail (3) is respectively inserted into the 2 receiving plate sliding grooves (13), and the receiving plate sliding grooves (13) are flush with the front end surfaces of the sliding rails (3); the rear end face of the receiving plate counterweight (12) is closely contacted with the front end face of the energy absorption structure (2);
the energy absorption structure (2) is a solid cuboid with the length of l 2 Width w 2 Height is h 2 The energy absorption structure (2) is arranged on the 2 sliding rails (3), and the front end surface of the energy absorption structure (2) is tightly contacted with the rear end surface of the counterweight (12) of the receiving plate; the rear end face of the energy absorption structure (2) is flush with the rear end face of the middle plate (43) of the sealing shell; the material of the energy-absorbing structure (2) is required to produce plastic non-recoverable deformation when subjected to the compressive action of the receiving plate (1); the energy absorption structure (2) converts the kinetic energy of broken pieces and shock waves into uniform plastic deformation energy absorbed by the deformation form of the energy absorption structure;
the sliding rail (3) is of a T-shaped beam structure, a beam at the upper end of the T-shaped beam along the x axis is defined as a cross beam (31), a beam at the lower end of the T-shaped beam along the y axis is defined as a longitudinal beam (32), and the longitudinal beam (32) is positioned right below the cross beam (31) and is orthogonal to the cross beam; the cross beam (31) and the longitudinal beam (32) are both cuboid plates, two first screw holes (33) are formed in the lower end face of the longitudinal beam (32), and the diameter of each first screw hole (33) is D 33 The first screw hole (33) has a depth h 33 The sliding rail (3) is fixedly connected with the sealing shell (4) through the screwing of screws in the two first screw holes (33); the sliding rail (3) is made of metal materials and is required to be free from deformation under the action of explosion shock waves; the cross beams (31) of the 2 sliding rails (3) are respectively inserted into the transverse grooves (131) of the 2 receiving plate sliding grooves (13), the longitudinal beams (32) of the 2 sliding rails (3) are respectively inserted into the longitudinal grooves (132) of the 2 receiving plate sliding grooves (13), and the front end surfaces of the sliding rails (3) are flush with the front end surfaces of the receiving plate sliding grooves (13); the sliding rail (3) is used for supporting the energy absorbing structure (2) and controlling the movement direction of the receiving plate (1);
the sealing shell (4) consists of a shell (40), a sealing shell middle plate (43) and a graduated scale (46); the housing (40) is long with front end face and upper end face openSquare box, wall thickness of the shell (40) is h 41 The length of the shell (40) is l 4 The width of the shell (40) is w 4 The height of the shell (40) is h 4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Defining a rear flange (41) as a cuboid plate on the rear side of the upper end surface of the shell (40), and defining a side flange (42) as a cuboid plate on the left side and the right side of the upper end surface of the shell (40); the width of the rear flange (41) is w 41 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The length of the side flange (42) is l 42 The width of the side edge (42) is w 42 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The middle plate (43) of the sealing shell is a cuboid plate and is vertically stuck to the rear end face of the sealing shell (4) along the y axis, and the length of the middle plate (43) of the sealing shell is l 43 The width of the sealing shell middle plate (43) is w 43 The thickness of the middle plate (43) of the sealing shell is h 43 The distance from the upper end surface of the middle plate (43) of the sealing shell to the upper end surface of the rear flange (41) is h 431 The space formed by the upper end surface of the middle plate (43) of the sealing shell and the lower end surface of the rear flange (41) clamps the rear end of the energy absorbing structure (2), so that the energy absorbing structure (2) is fixed; the shell (40) is fixedly connected with the sealing plate (5) through screws, and the receiving plate (1), the energy absorbing structure (2) and the sliding rail (3) are packaged in the shell; the lower end surface of the shell (40) is fixed with the sliding rail (3) through a screw; a graduated scale (46) is carved on the upper end surface of the side flange (42) on the right side, and the graduated scale (46) is along the z direction; the sealing shell (4) is made of metal materials or organic glass, and the broken piece cannot penetrate through the sealing shell and cannot deform under the action of explosion shock waves; the rear flange (41) is used for packaging the rear side edge of the upper end face of the energy absorption structure (2), and the side wing edges (42) are used for packaging the left side edge and the right side edge of the upper end face of the energy absorption structure (2) to prevent the energy absorption structure (2) from moving left and right;
the sealing plate (5) is of an L-shaped structure consisting of a sealing plate lower plate (51) and a sealing plate upper plate (52), the sealing plate lower plate (51) is positioned below the sealing plate upper plate (52), and the sealing plate lower plate and the sealing plate upper plate are vertical and have the front end surfaces flush; the lower plate (51) of the sealing plate is a cuboid plate, and the length of the lower plate (51) of the sealing plate is l 51 The width of the lower plate (51) of the sealing plate is w 51 The height of the lower plate (51) of the sealing plate is h 51 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The upper plate (52) of the sealing plate is a cuboid plate, and the length of the upper plate (52) of the sealing plate is l 52 The width of the upper plate (52) of the sealing plate is w 52 The height of the upper plate (52) of the sealing plate is h 52 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Left side of the lower plate (51) of the sealing plateThe end face is fixed on the left end face of the shell (40) through a screw, and the right end face of the sealing plate lower plate (51) is fixed on the right end face of the shell (40) through a screw; the sealing plate (5) is used for sealing the upper end face and the front end face of the sealing shell (4); the sealing plate (5) is made of metal material or organic glass, so that the broken piece cannot penetrate and cannot deform under the action of explosion shock waves.
2. A combined fragment and shock wave power measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length l of the receiving plate flange (11) 11 Satisfy 0.01m<l 11 <2.0m, width w of receiving plate flange (11) 11 Satisfy 0.001m<w 11 <0.2m, height h of receiving plate flange (11) 11 Satisfy 0.02m<h 11 <3.0m; length l of receiving plate weight (12) 12 Satisfy l 11 <l 12 <1.3l 11 Width w of receiving plate weight (12) 12 Satisfy w 11 <w 12 <5w 11 Height h of the receiving plate weight (12) 12 Satisfy 0.01h 11 <h 12 <0.3h 11 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length l of transverse groove (131) 13 Satisfy 0.01l 12 <l 13 <0.3l 12 Height h of transverse groove (131) 13 Satisfy 0.1h 12 <h 13 <h 12 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length l of longitudinal groove (132) 14 Satisfy 0.1l 13 <l 14 <0.5l 13 Height h of longitudinal groove (132) 14 Satisfy 0.1h 12 <h 14 <(h 12 -h 13 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Distance l from right end of right-end receiving plate chute (13) to right end of receiving plate counterweight (12) 15 Satisfy 0.01l 12 <l 15 <0.1l 12 。
3. A combined fragment and shock wave power measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy absorbing structure (2) has a length l 2 Satisfy l 2 ＝l 12 Width w 2 Satisfy l 2 <w 2 <3l 2 Height h 2 Satisfy h 2 ＝h 12 -h 13 -h 14 。
4. A combined fragment and shock wave power measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length l of the cross beam (31) 31 Satisfy l 31 ＝l 13 Width w of cross beam (31) 31 Satisfy w 12 <w 31 <w 12 +w 2 Thickness h of the cross beam (31) 31 Satisfy h 31 ＝h 13 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length l of stringer (32) 32 Satisfy l 32 ＝l 14 The width of the stringers (32) is equal to w 31 Height h of the longitudinal beam (32) 32 Satisfy h 32 ＝h 14 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The friction coefficient mu between the cross beam (31) and the transverse groove (131) and between the longitudinal beam (32) and the longitudinal groove (132) is smaller than or equal to 0.01.
5. A device for combined power measurement of a fragment and a shock wave according to claim 1, characterized in that the first screw hole (33) diameter D of the longitudinal beam (32) 33 Satisfy 0.1l 32 <D 33 <l 32 The first screw hole (33) has a depth h 33 Satisfy 0.3D 33 <h 33 <h 31 The distance w from the first screw hole (33) at the front end to the front end surface of the sliding rail (3) 32 Satisfy w 32 ＝(1/3)w 31 Distance w between two first screw holes (33) 33 Satisfy w 33 ＝(1/3)w 31 The distance w from the first screw hole (33) at the rear end to the rear end surface of the sliding rail (3) 34 Satisfy w 34 ＝(1/3)w 31 。
6. A combined fragment and shock wave power measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness h of the housing (40) 41 Satisfy 0.01h 12 <h 41 <0.3h 12 Length l of housing (40) 4 Satisfy l 4 ＝l 12 +2h 41 Width w of housing (40) 4 Satisfy w 4 ＝w 12 +w 2 +2h 41 Height h of the housing (40) 4 Satisfy h 4 ＝h 12 +h 32 -h 14 +2h 41 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Width w of rear flange (41) 41 Satisfy h 41 <w 41 <0.3w 4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length l of side flange (42) 42 Satisfy h 41 <l 42 <0.3l 4 Width w of the side edge (42) 42 Satisfy w 42 ＝w 4 -w 41 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length l of plate (43) in sealed housing 43 Satisfy l 43 ＝l 4 -2h 41 Width w of plate (43) in sealed housing 43 Satisfy 0.01w 2 <w 43 <0.3w 2 Thickness h of plate (43) in sealed housing 43 Satisfy 0.1h 41 <h 43 ≤h 41 Distance h from upper end surface of middle plate (43) of sealed shell to upper end surface of rear flange (41) 431 Satisfy h 431 ＝h 2 +h 41 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Rear side edge width w of upper end face of energy absorbing structure (2) 21 Satisfy w 21 ＝w 41 -h 41 Left edge length w of upper end face of energy absorbing structure (2) 22 Satisfy w 22 ＝w 2 -w 21 Width l 22 Satisfy l 22 ＝l 42 -h 41 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The length of the right edge is equal to w 22 Width=l 22 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The graduation value of the graduated scale (46) is smaller than 1mm.
7. The combined chip and shock wave power measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the left end face of the housing (40) is provided with a second screw through hole (44), the diameter D of the second screw through hole (44) being required 44 Satisfy D 44 ＝D 33 Distance w from second screw through hole (44) to front end face of housing (40) 44 ＝(1/2)h 41 The distance from the second screw through hole (44) to the upper end surface of the shell (40) is h 44 Satisfy h 44 ＝(1/2)h 4 The left end face of the shell (40) is connected with the left end of the sealing plate lower plate (51) through screws in the second screw through holes (44) of the left end face, and the right end face of the shell (40) is connected with the right end of the sealing plate lower plate (51) through screws in the second screw through holes (44) of the right end face.
8. A combined fragment and shock wave power measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end face of the housing (40)Four first screw through holes (45) are arranged, the positions of the left two first screw through holes (45) and the right two first screw through holes (45) are symmetrical about the y axis, and the diameters of the first screw through holes (45) are required to be equal to D 33 The distance from the right front first screw through hole (45) to the right end surface of the shell (40) is l 45 ＝(1/2)l 14 +l 15 +h 41 The distance from the right front first screw through hole (45) to the front end surface of the shell (40) is w 45 ＝(1/3)w 31 +h 41 The distance between the two first screw through holes (45) on the right side is w 46 ＝(1/3)w 31 The first screw through hole (45) of the lower end face of the shell (40) is aligned with the first screw hole (33) of the sliding rail (3) coaxially, and screws are screwed in the first screw through hole (45) and the first screw hole (33) to fix the sliding rail (3) on the lower end face of the shell (40).
9. A combined fragment and shock wave power measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length l of the sealing plate lower plate (51) 51 Satisfy l 51 ＝l 4 -2h 41 Width w of seal plate lower plate (51) 51 Satisfy w 51 ＝h 41 Height h of seal plate lower plate (51) 51 Satisfy h 51 ＝h 4 -h 41 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Length l of seal plate upper plate (52) 52 Satisfy l 52 ＝l 4 -2l 42 Width w of upper plate (52) of sealing plate 52 Full w 52 ＝w 12 -w 11 +w 51 Height h of the upper plate (52) of the sealing plate 52 Satisfy h 52 ＝h 41 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Distance l from the left end surface of the lower sealing plate (51) to the left end surface of the upper sealing plate (52) 53 ＝(l 51 -l 52 ) And/2, the distance from the right end surface of the lower sealing plate (51) to the right end surface of the upper sealing plate (52) is l 53 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The left end face and the right end face of the lower plate (51) of the sealing plate are symmetrically provided with a second screw hole (54), and the diameter D of the second screw hole (54) 54 ＝D 33 The distance from the second screw hole (54) to the rear end surface of the sealing plate lower plate (51) is w 54 Satisfy w 54 ＝(1/2)w 51 The distance h between the second screw hole (54) and the upper end surface of the sealing plate lower plate (51) 54 Satisfy h 54 ＝(1/2)h 4 -h 52 Depth l of second screw hole (54) 54 ＝h 33 The second screw hole (54) of the left end face of the sealing plate lower plate (51) is aligned with the second screw through hole (44) of the left end face of the sealing shell (4) in a coaxial mode, and the second screw hole (54) of the right end face of the sealing plate lower plate (51) is aligned with the second screw through hole (44) of the right end face of the sealing shell (4) in a coaxial mode.
10. A combined fragment and shock wave power measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving plate (1) is made of a metallic material satisfying: yield strength sigma 1 >100MPa, density ρ 1 >1.0g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The material for preparing the energy absorption structure (2) meets the following conditions: yield strength sigma 2 <300MPa, density ρ 2 <5.0g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The metal material for preparing the sliding rail (3) meets the following conditions: yield strength sigma 3 >300MPa, density ρ 3 >1.0g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The metallic material or the organic glass for preparing the sealing shell (4) meets the following conditions: yield strength sigma 4 >100MPa, density ρ 4 >1.0g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The metallic material or the organic glass for preparing the sealing plate (5) satisfies the following conditions: yield strength sigma 5 >100MPa, density ρ 5 >1.0g/cm 3 。
11. A method of performing a combined power burst and shock wave measurement using the combined power burst and shock wave measurement device of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, calibrating by a dynamic loading technology to obtain the deformation force F of the energy absorption structure (2), wherein the unit is N;
the second step, the position of the back end surface of the receiving plate (1) at the initial moment is positioned by a graduated scale (46), and is denoted as x 0 ；
Setting explosion points, detonating at the explosion points, scattering generated fragments in the space, transmitting shock waves in the space, enabling the fragments and the shock waves to reach the receiving plate (1), receiving kinetic energy of the fragments and the shock waves by the receiving plate (1), and converting the kinetic energy into kinetic energy of the receiving plate (1);
fourth step, receivingAfter the plate flange (11) is subjected to the effects of broken pieces and shock waves, the receiving plate counterweight (12) is driven to move along the sliding rail (3) through the receiving plate sliding groove (13), the energy absorption structure (2) is compressed, the energy absorption structure (2) deforms, and finally the rear end face of the receiving plate (1) moves to x 1 Interpretation by scale 46 yields x 1 ；
Fifthly, calculating the plastic deformation displacement generated by the energy absorption structure (2) as deltax=x 1 -x 0 ，x 0 、x 1 And Δx units are m;
sixth, according to the deformation formula of the energy absorption structure (2)The kinetic energy E of the receiving plate (1) at the measuring point is obtained;
and seventhly, referring to a personnel killing criterion and a vehicle damage criterion, comparing the magnitude relation between the kinetic energy E of the receiving plate (1) and the criterion to obtain the damage grade of the personnel and the vehicle, wherein the personnel target uses the kinetic energy killing criterion as the killing criterion, and the vehicle uses whether the broken piece can penetrate through the receiving plate (1) as the killing criterion.
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| CN114777983B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-11-18 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Array type explosive shock wave work capacity measuring device and method |
| CN115060123B (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2024-01-30 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Active fragment comprehensive power testing device and testing method |
| CN114778059B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-13 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Fragment and shock wave coupling shock test system and method for airplane vulnerability test |
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