CN114777983B - Array type explosive shock wave work capacity measuring device and method - Google Patents
Array type explosive shock wave work capacity measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114777983B CN114777983B CN202210425735.3A CN202210425735A CN114777983B CN 114777983 B CN114777983 B CN 114777983B CN 202210425735 A CN202210425735 A CN 202210425735A CN 114777983 B CN114777983 B CN 114777983B
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/14—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force of explosions; for measuring the energy of projectiles
Abstract
The invention discloses an array type explosive shock wave working capacity measuring device and method, and aims to solve the problems that the measuring process is complex, the reliability of the measuring result is poor, the complex battlefield environment is difficult to adapt and the like. The measuring device comprises base, N shock wave measuring cylinder, 2N solid fixed ring, and the shock wave measuring cylinder is array distribution on the base, and the outer radius is the same, and the inner radius is according to the order of installation degressive in proper order. And determining the overpressure and impulse values of the explosion shock waves corresponding to the shock wave measuring cylinder with the minimum inner radius, namely the explosion power capability of the measuring device at the arrangement position. The invention can be used for the rapid measurement of the explosion work capacity field in severe environments such as battle exercises, target range tests and the like, and has the advantages of low cost, simple and efficient use and installation and strong environmental adaptability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of measurement of work doing capability of explosive shock waves, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the work doing capability of shock waves generated by explosion, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring the work doing capability of the explosive shock waves by using array passive components.
Background
The current common explosive shock wave work capacity measuring methods include an electrical measuring method, a biological experiment method, an effect target method and the like. The electrical measurement method has the advantages of high cost, complex field arrangement and poor flexibility, the influence of the natural vibration frequency when a target is damaged is difficult to consider, and a precise electrical measurement device cannot be arranged or the arrangement difficulty is high and the cost is very high under the condition of severe natural environment, such as desert, gobi, plateau or island; the electric measurement method can only carry out ideal free field pressure and wall surface reflection pressure tests, the pressure obtained by the tests cannot be completely equivalent to the real pressure acting on different targets, the actual working capacity of the shock waves on various real targets needs to be analyzed and converted, and the working capacity measurement efficiency is low. The biological test method is the most intuitive and convincing method for evaluating the damage effect of the explosive shock waves on the soft target, but the method needs a large number of test samples as a statistical basis, so the biological test method needs to consume a large number of human resources and material resources, has complex measurement and evaluation procedures and has certain social negative effects. The effect target is a target plate structure which has proper sensitivity under a certain boundary constraint condition and generates corresponding deformation under the action of explosion impact, the explosion power is generally inverted by establishing the relationship between the maximum deflection and the explosion parameters, and the inversion process of the effect target method is strong in specialization and is not suitable for battlefield personnel. In addition, the counter-intuitive behavior of the effect target under the loading of the explosive shock wave affects the accuracy of the shock wave power equivalent measurement.
Therefore, the traditional device for measuring the power-applying capacity of the shock wave has the problems of complex measuring process, poor reliability of measuring results, difficulty in adapting to complex battlefield environments and the like. If a device and a method for measuring the explosive shock wave acting capability, which have the advantages of simple and efficient measuring process and reliable measuring result and can adapt to the complex battlefield environment, can be researched, the device and the method have great significance for accurately evaluating the actual explosive acting capability of ammunition under the complex battlefield environment and further supporting weapon damage power evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of complex measuring process, poor reliability of measuring results, difficulty in adapting to complex battlefield environments and the like, and provides an array type rapid measuring device and method for explosive shock wave working capacity. The measuring device and the method can be used for quickly measuring the explosion work capacity field in severe environments such as battle exercises, target range tests and the like, and have the characteristics of low cost, simplicity and high efficiency in use and installation, strong environmental adaptability and the like.
The invention provides a device and a method, which are characterized in that shock wave measuring cylinders with gradually increased or decreased bearing capacity and distributed in an array manner are distributed on a substrate, and the shock wave measuring cylinder with the strongest bearing capacity in the completely crushed shock wave measuring cylinders is judged and read in combination with the inner radius d 1 Corresponding to the power of the shock waveAnd (4) directly obtaining the maximum explosion work capability which can be borne by the shock wave measuring cylinder, namely the explosion work capability value at the position of the shock wave measuring cylinder.
The measuring device comprises a base, N shock wave measuring cylinders and 2N fixing rings, wherein N is determined by the measuring requirements (measuring range, precision and other technical indexes) of the explosive working capacity. The shock wave measuring cylinder is arranged in the clamping groove of the base, and two ends of the shock wave measuring cylinder are fixed through 2 fixing rings. The limiting holes at the two ends of the fixing ring are connected with the fixing holes on the base through bolts.
The base is a cube with a length L of 0.1m<L<1.0m, width H, satisfying 0.1m<H<0.5m, thickness T, satisfying 0.01m<T<0.2m. N concave clamping grooves are milled on the upper surface of the base in an array distribution, the clamping grooves are square, N is a positive integer, i rows of clamping grooves are dug along the length direction, i is a positive integer, preferably i =2, 3, 4 or 5, j columns of clamping grooves are dug along the width direction, j is a positive integer, preferably j =2, 3, 4 or 5, and N = i × j. The distance between the adjacent rows of the clamping grooves (the distance between the center lines of the two adjacent clamping grooves in the length direction) is l 1 Satisfy L/(j + 1)<l 1 <L/j, the distance between adjacent rows of slots (the distance between the center lines in the width direction of two adjacent slots) is h 1 Satisfy H/(i + 1)<h 1 <H/i. The length of the clamping groove is 1 2 Satisfy 0.6l 1 <l 2 <0.9l 1 Width of h 2 Satisfy 0.6h 1 <h 2 <0.9h 1 Depth T, satisfying 0.2T<t<0.5T. 4 limit holes are processed around 4 vertexes of each clamping groove, the limit holes are through threaded holes, the threads are standard threads, and the diameter of each hole is f 1 Satisfies 0.2T<f 1 <1.0T. The spacing between the limiting holes along the length direction of the same clamping groove is l 3 Satisfy l 3 ＝l 2 The spacing distance between the limiting holes of the same clamping groove along the width direction is h 3 Satisfy 1.1 (h) 2 +f 1 )<h 3 <h 1 .1 mounting hole is dug on four angles of base respectively, and the mounting hole is the through-hole, and the hole diameter is f 2 Satisfy T<f 2 <5T. Mounting hole spacing l along length direction 4 Satisfies 0.9 (L-f) 2 )<l 4 <0.95(L-f 2 ) The distance between the mounting holes in the width direction is h 4 Satisfies 0.9 (H-f) 2 )<h 4 <0.95(H-f 2 ). The base material is metal and has a density of more than 7g/cm 3 The yield strength is more than 400MPa. N shock wave measuring cylinders are fixed on the upper surface of the base. When the base is used, the upper surface of the base faces upwards, the lower surface of the base is attached to the flat ground, 4 steel drill rods are inserted into the mounting holes, and the steel drill rods are smashed into the ground, so that the base is fixed to the ground.
The shock wave measuring cylinder is in a semi-cylindrical shell shape, and the outer radius is d 0 Satisfy d 0 ＝h 2 /2, inner radius d 1 Satisfy 0.5d 0 <d 1 <d 0 Length is l 5 Satisfy l 5 ＝l 2 . The shock wave measuring cylinder is made of a tough material, preferably a metal material, and requires that the quasi-static failure strain is greater than 0.5 and the yield strength is less than 600MPa. The N shock wave measuring cylinders are installed in sequence, namely, j shock wave measuring cylinders are sequentially installed in clamping grooves from a 1 st row of clamping grooves of a base in the sequence from 1 st row to j th row; then, sequentially installing j shock wave measuring cylinders in the clamping groove in the 2 nd row of the base in the sequence from the 1 st column to the j th column; and shock wave measuring cylinders are sequentially arranged in the clamping grooves from the 3 rd row to the ith row in the same sequence. Outer radius d of N shock wave measuring tubes 0 Same, inner radius d 1 Is not the same, and d 1 The numerical values of the (u) are sequentially decreased progressively according to the installation sequence, the decreasing mode is preferably linear decreasing, and the decreasing numerical value is u (the value of u is determined according to the measurement requirement, see the fifth step of the measurement method). d 1 The closer the value is to d 0 The less load is required for the shock wave to crush the shock wave measuring cylinder; d is a radical of 1 The closer the value is to 0.5d 0 The more load the shock wave collapses the shock wave measuring cylinder needs. In use, the series of inner radii d 1 The shock wave measuring cylinder with the descending numerical value is sequentially installed in the clamping groove of the base according to the installation sequence, and two ends of the shock wave measuring cylinder are fixed through fixing rings. After the explosion of the weapon ammunition, several shock wave measuring tubes are completely collapsed, and the internal radius d is selected from these completely collapsed shock wave measuring tubes 1 Minimum shock wave measuring cylinder, inquiry "inner halfDiameter d 1 Corresponding table "of working capacity of shock wave to obtain the inner radius d 1 The corresponding overpressure and impulse of the shock wave are the results of the working capacity of the shock wave tested by the invention.
The fixing ring is in a semi-circular shape, and the outer radius is r 0 Satisfy (h) 3 +f 1 )/2<r 0 <h 1 A/2, inner radius r 1 Satisfy h 2 /2<r 1 <(h 3 -f 1 ) A thickness s of 0.1l 2 <s<0.3l 2 . Two end faces of the fixing ring are respectively dug with a limiting hole, the limiting holes are threaded holes, and the diameter of each threaded hole is f 3 Satisfy f 3 ＝f 1 . The distance between the two limiting holes is w, and the requirement that w = h is met 2 . The fixing ring is connected with the fixing hole in the base 1 through the limiting holes and the bolts at the two ends, and the two ends of the shock wave measuring cylinder are fixed on the clamping grooves. The fixing ring is made of metal and has a density of more than 7g/cm 3 The yield strength is more than 400MPa.
The method for measuring the explosive working capacity by adopting the measuring device comprises the following steps:
firstly, according to the TNT equivalent range of the explosive, combining a Savowski empirical formula to preliminarily estimate the overpressure range of the shock waves at the arrangement position of the measuring device. The empirical formula of Sadawski is
Wherein Δ p m For overpressure of the shock wave, W TNT R is the distance between the central position of the arrangement position of the measuring device and the central position of the explosive. The overpressure range of the shock wave at the arrangement position of the measuring device is estimated to be about delta p min <△p m <△p max 。△p min Is W TNT The shock wave overpressure at the minimum equivalent of the explosive TNT is obtained by substituting the minimum equivalent of the explosive TNT into the formula (1); delta p max Is W TNT The overpressure of the shock wave at the maximum equivalent weight of explosive TNT is obtained by substituting the maximum equivalent weight of explosive TNT intoThe formula (1) is obtained.
Second, establish an "inside radius d 1 And corresponding table of work capacity of shock wave. The shock wave measuring cylinder is loaded by a series of standard TNT equivalent explosive explosion, and different inner radiuses d are obtained by measuring with a shock wave overpressure sensor 1 Corresponding shock wave overpressure when the shock wave measuring cylinder is completely crushed, integrating the shock wave overpressure and the overpressure action time to obtain corresponding shock wave impulse, and establishing an' inner radius d 1 And corresponding table of work capacity of shock wave. The table includes N' entries, each entry including three fields, respectively, an inner radius d 1 Overpressure and impulse of shock wave, N 'is a positive integer, N' is more than or equal to 2N, and the inner radius d 1 The number of N' is gradually decreased, the decreasing amplitude is delta, delta is more than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 1.0mm (namely, the wall thickness of the impact wave measuring cylinder is gradually increased, the increasing amplitude is delta), and d of the first table entry is 1 A value of d 2 δ, d of the last entry 1 A value of d 2 -δ×N’。
Thirdly, determining the inner radius d of the shock wave measuring cylinder according to the overpressure range of the shock wave 1 The selection range of (1). According to "inner radius d 1 Look-up table corresponding to work capacity of shock wave to determine Δ p min Inner radius d corresponding to complete crushing shock wave measuring cylinder under load condition 1max (d 1 The larger the shock wave measuring tube, the thinner the shock wave measuring tube is, the more easily it is crushed, and d is 1max ) Determining Δ p max Inner radius d corresponding to complete crushing shock wave measuring cylinder under load condition 1min (d 1 The smaller the shock wave measuring tube, the thicker the shock wave measuring tube, and the more difficult it is to crush, and thus d 1min )。
And fourthly, according to the error value q which is determined by the user and acceptable for measurement, generally, q is more than or equal to 0.01MPa and less than or equal to 0.05MPa, and the number N of the shock wave measuring cylinders which need to be distributed is determined. The number N of the shock wave measuring tubes is a positive integer, and
pair (. DELTA.p) max -△p min ) And/q is rounded up.
Fifthly, determining the inner radius d of the shock wave measuring cylinder 1 The decreasing mode is linear distribution, and the inner radius d of each shock wave measuring cylinder is determined 1 The numerical value of (c). Inner radius d of first shock wave measuring cylinder 1 ＝d 1max The second shock wave measuring cylinder has an inner radius d 1 ＝d 1max U, the inner radius d of the kth (1. Ltoreq. K. Ltoreq.N) shock wave measuring tube 1 ＝d 1max - (k-1) u, nth cylinder radius d 1 ＝d 1min U is d 1 A value, u = (d), which decreases in the order of installation 1max -d 1min )/(N-1)。
And sixthly, assembling the measuring device. N shock wave measuring cylinders according to inner radius d 1 Sequentially embedding the numerical values into the clamping grooves of the base in a descending manner according to the following installation sequence, and sequentially installing j shock wave measuring tubes in the clamping grooves from the 1 st row of clamping grooves to the 1 st to j th columns of clamping grooves; then, sequentially mounting j shock wave measuring cylinders in the clamping groove in the 2 nd row of the base in the order from the 1 st column to the j th column; and then shock wave measuring cylinders are sequentially arranged in the clamping grooves from the 3 rd row to the ith row in the same sequence. Two ends of each shock wave measuring cylinder are fixed in the clamping grooves through fixing rings.
And seventhly, fixing the measuring device. The measuring device is placed on a flat ground, the lower surface of the base is attached to the flat ground, 4 steel chisels are inserted into the mounting holes, and the steel chisels are smashed into the ground, so that the measuring device is fixed on the ground.
And step eight, detonating the explosive.
And ninthly, looking up a table to obtain the working capacity of the shock wave. After the explosion is finished, the inner radius d is found from the completely collapsed shock wave measuring cylinder 1 Minimum shock wave measuring cylinder according to "inner radius d 1 Look-up table with shock wave work-doing capability corresponding table to determine inner radius d 1 The explosion shock wave overpressure and impulse values corresponding to the minimum shock wave measuring cylinder are the explosion work capacity of the arrangement position of the measuring device.
And step ten, detaching the shock wave measuring cylinder with explosion deformation, and simultaneously installing a series of new shock wave measuring cylinders to realize the repeated use of the measuring device.
The invention can achieve the following technical effects:
1. the measuring method is characterized in that shock wave measuring cylinders with the gradually increased or decreased bearing capacity and distributed in an array mode are arranged on a flat plate, the shock wave measuring cylinder with the strongest bearing capacity in the completely crushed shock wave measuring cylinders is judged and read, and the bearing result calibrated by a laboratory at the early stage is combined to directly obtain the explosive shock wave acting capacity corresponding to the shock wave measuring cylinder, namely the explosive shock wave acting functional force value (including shock wave overpressure and impulse) at the position of the measuring method.
2. The measuring device realizes equivalent measurement of work-doing capability of explosive shock waves based on a crushing mechanism of the shock wave measuring cylinder, and can select a series of shock wave measuring cylinder arrangement schemes with corresponding bearing capability according to the strength of the weapon, thereby being suitable for work-doing capability measurement of near-field, middle-field and far-field explosions of the weapon.
3. The device has the characteristics of low cost, simple processing and assembly, convenient arrangement, strong environment adaptability, quick interpretation of the explosive working capacity, repeated use and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an array type blast work capacity measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a base structure of the array type explosive working capacity measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a shock wave measuring cylinder of the array type blast work capacity measuring device;
fig. 4 is a structure diagram of a fixed ring of the array type blast work capacity measuring device.
Description of reference numerals:
1. 2, a base, 2, a shock wave measuring cylinder; 3. and (4) fixing the ring.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting an understanding and enabling those of ordinary skill in the art to practice the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention. As shown in figure 1, the invention is composed of a base 1, N shock wave measuring cylinders 2 and 2N fixing rings 3, wherein N is determined by the measuring requirements (measuring range, precision and other technical indexes) of the explosive working capacity. The shock wave measuring cylinder 2 is arranged in a clamping groove 11 of the base 1, and two ends of the shock wave measuring cylinder 2 are fixed through 2 fixing rings 3. The limiting holes 31 at the two ends of the fixing ring 3 are connected with the fixing holes 12 on the base 1 by bolts.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of the base 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the base 1 is a cube having a length L of 0.1m<L<1.0m, width H, satisfying 0.1m<H<0.5m, thickness T, 0.01m<T<0.2m. N recessed card slots 11 are milled on the upper surface 14 of the base 1, the card slots 11 are square, N is a positive integer, i rows of card slots 11 are dug along the length direction, i is a positive integer, preferably i =2, 3, 4 or 5, j columns of card slots 11 are dug along the width direction, j is a positive integer, preferably j =2, 3, 4 or 5, N = i × j. The distance between the adjacent rows of card slots 11 (the distance between the center lines of the two adjacent card slots 11 in the length direction) is l 1 Satisfy L/(j + 1)<l 1 <L/j, the distance between adjacent rows of card slots 11 (the distance between the center lines of two adjacent card slots 11 in the width direction) is h 1 Satisfy H/(i + 1)<h 1 <H/i. The slot 11 is l long 2 Satisfy 0.6l 1 <l 2 <0.9l 1 Width of h 2 Satisfies 0.6h 1 <h 2 <0.9h 1 Depth T, satisfying 0.2T<t<0.5T. 4 limiting holes 12 are processed around 4 vertexes of each clamping groove 11, the limiting holes 12 are through threaded holes, threads are standard threads, and the diameter of each hole is f 1 Satisfies 0.2T<f 1 <1.0T. The spacing between the limiting holes 12 along the length direction of the same clamping groove 11 is l 3 Satisfy l 3 ＝l 2 The spacing between the limiting holes 12 of the same slot 11 along the width direction is h 3 Satisfies 1.1 (h) 2 +f 1 )<h 3 <h 1 . Four corners of the base 1 are respectively dug with 1 mounting hole 13, and the mounting holes 13 are through holesHole diameter of f 2 Satisfy T<f 2 <5T. Distance l between mounting holes 13 along length direction 4 Satisfies 0.9 (L-f) 2 )<l 4 <0.95(L-f 2 ) The mounting holes 13 in the width direction have a pitch h 4 Satisfies 0.9 (H-f) 2 )<h 4 <0.95(H-f 2 ). The base 1 is made of metal and has a density of more than 7g/cm 3 The yield strength is more than 400MPa. The N shock wave measuring cartridges 2 are fixed to the upper surface 14 of the base 1. When the base is used, the upper surface 14 of the base 1 faces upwards, the lower surface 15 is attached to the flat ground, 4 steel rods are inserted into the mounting holes 13, and the steel rods are smashed into the ground, so that the base 1 is fixed on the ground.
Fig. 3 is a structural view of the shock wave measuring tube 2. The shock wave measuring cylinder 2 is in a semi-cylindrical shell shape with an outer radius d 0 Satisfy d 0 ＝h 2 /2, inner radius d 1 Satisfy 0.5d 0 <d 1 <d 0 Length is l 5 Satisfy l 5 ＝l 2 . The shock wave measuring cylinder 2 is made of a tough material, preferably a metal material, and requires that the quasi-static failure strain is greater than 0.5 and the yield strength is less than 600MPa. The N shock wave measuring cylinders 2 are installed in sequence, namely, j shock wave measuring cylinders 2 are sequentially installed in a clamping groove 11 from a clamping groove 11 in a 1 st row of a base 1 in a sequence from a clamping groove 1 to a jth column; then, j shock wave measuring cylinders 2 are sequentially arranged in the clamping groove 11 in the 2 nd row of the base 1 in the order from the 1 st column to the j th column; shock wave measuring cartridges 2 are respectively mounted in the card slots 11 of the 3 rd row to the i th row in the same order. Outer radii d of N shock wave measuring tubes 2 0 Same, inner radius d 1 Is not the same, and d 1 The numerical values of the (u) are sequentially decreased progressively according to the installation sequence, the decreasing mode is preferably linear decreasing, and the decreasing numerical value is u (the value of u is determined according to the measurement requirement, see the fifth step of the measurement method). d is a radical of 1 The closer the value is to d 0 The less load is required for the shock wave to crush the shock wave measuring tube 2; d 1 The closer the value is to 0.5d 0 The more load the shock wave requires to crush the shock wave measuring tube 2. In use, the series of inner radii d 1 The shock wave measuring cylinders 2 with the decreasing numerical values are sequentially arranged in the clamping grooves 11 of the base 1 according to the installation sequence, and the shock wave measuring cylinders 2Both ends are fixed by fixing rings 3. After the explosion of the weapon ammunition, several shock wave measuring tubes 2 are completely collapsed, and the inner radius d is selected from these completely collapsed shock wave measuring tubes 2 1 Minimum shock wave measuring cylinder 2, inquiry "inner radius d 1 Corresponding table "of working capacity of shock wave to obtain the inner radius d 1 The corresponding overpressure and impulse of the shock wave are the results of the working capacity of the shock wave tested by the invention.
Fig. 4 is a structural view of the fixing ring 3. The fixing ring 3 is in a semicircular ring shape, and the outer radius is r 0 Satisfy (h) 3 +f 1 )/2<r 0 <h 1 A/2, inner radius r 1 Satisfy h 2 /2<r 1 <(h 3 -f 1 ) A thickness of s of 0.1l 2 <s<0.3l 2 . Two end faces of the fixing ring 3 are respectively dug with a limiting hole 31, the limiting holes 31 are threaded holes, and the diameter of each threaded hole is f 3 Satisfy f 3 ＝f 1 . The distance between the two limiting holes 31 is w, and w = h is satisfied 2 . The fixing ring 3 is connected with the fixing hole 12 on the base 1 through the limiting holes 31 and the bolts at the two ends, and the two ends of the shock wave measuring cylinder 2 are fixed on the clamping grooves 11. The material of the fixing ring 3 is metal, and the density is more than 7g/cm 3 The yield strength is more than 400MPa.
The method for measuring the explosive working capacity by adopting the measuring device comprises the following steps:
firstly, according to the TNT equivalent range of the explosive, combining a Savowski empirical formula to initially estimate the overpressure range of the shock wave at the arrangement position of the measuring device. The empirical formula of Sadow-fusi is
Wherein Δ p m For overpressure of the shock wave, W TNT R is the distance between the central position of the arrangement position of the measuring device and the central position of the explosive. The overpressure range of the shock wave at the arrangement position of the measuring device is estimated to be about delta p min <△p m <△p max 。△p min Is W TNT The shock wave overpressure at the minimum equivalent of the explosive TNT is obtained by substituting the minimum equivalent of the explosive TNT into the formula (1); delta p max Is W TNT The shock wave overpressure at the maximum equivalent weight of the explosive TNT is obtained by substituting the maximum equivalent weight of the explosive TNT into the formula (1).
Second, establish an "inside radius d 1 And corresponding table of work capacity of shock wave. The shock wave measuring cylinder 2 is loaded by a series of standard TNT equivalent explosive explosion, and different inner radiuses d are obtained by measuring with a shock wave overpressure sensor 1 When the shock wave measuring cylinder 2 is completely crushed, the corresponding shock wave overpressure is measured, the impact wave overpressure and overpressure action time are integrated to obtain the corresponding shock wave impulse, and the 'inner radius d' is established 1 And corresponding table of work capacity of shock wave ". The table includes N' entries, each entry includes three fields, respectively, an inner radius d 1 Overpressure and impulse of shock wave, wherein N 'is a positive integer, N' is more than or equal to 2N, and the inner radius d 1 The number of the N' is gradually decreased, the decreasing amplitude is delta, delta is more than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 1.0mm (namely, the wall thickness of the impact wave measuring cylinder 2 is gradually increased, the increasing amplitude is delta), and d of the first table entry is 1 A value of d 2 δ, d of the last entry 1 A value of d 2 - δ × N'. The table may be as follows:
inner radius d 1 Corresponding table for working capacity of shock wave
Thirdly, determining the inner radius d of the shock wave measuring cylinder 2 according to the overpressure range of the shock wave 1 The selection range of (2). According to "inner radius d 1 Look-up table corresponding to work capacity of shock wave to determine Δ p min Inner radius d corresponding to complete crushing shock wave measuring cylinder 2 under load condition 1max (d 1 The larger the thickness of the shock wave measuring tube 2, the more easily the shock wave measuring tube is crushed, and d is therefore 1max ) Determining Δ p max Corresponding inner radius d of the completely crushing shock wave measuring cylinder 2 under the loading condition 1min (d 1 The smaller the size, the thicker the shock wave measuring tube 2, and the more difficult it is to crush, and hence d 1min )。
And fourthly, determining the number N of the shock wave measuring cylinders 2 required to be distributed according to the error value q which is determined by the user and acceptable for measurement, wherein q is more than or equal to 0.01MPa and less than or equal to 0.05MPa. The number N of the shock wave measuring tubes 2 is a positive integer, and
pair (. DELTA.p) max -△p min ) And/q is rounded up.
The fifth step, determining the inner radius d of the shock wave measuring cylinder 2 1 The decreasing mode is linear distribution, and the inner radius d of each shock wave measuring cylinder 2 is determined 1 The numerical value of (c). Inner radius d of first shock wave measuring cylinder 2 1 ＝d 1max The second shock wave measuring cylinder 2 has an inner radius d 1 ＝d 1max U, k (1. Ltoreq. K. Ltoreq.N) inner radius d of the kth shock wave measuring tube 2 1 ＝d 1max - (k-1) u, nth shock wave measuring cylinder 2 inner radius d 1 ＝d 1min U is d 1 A value, u = (d), which decreases in the order of installation 1max -d 1min )/(N-1)。
And sixthly, assembling the measuring device. N shock wave measuring cylinders 2 are arranged according to the inner radius d 1 The numerical values are sequentially embedded into the clamping grooves 11 of the base 1 in the following installation sequence in a descending manner, and j shock wave measuring cylinders 2 are sequentially installed in the clamping grooves 11 in the sequence from 1 st row to j th row from the clamping groove 11 of the base 1; then, j shock wave measuring cylinders 2 are sequentially arranged in the clamping groove 11 in the 2 nd row of the base 1 in the order from the 1 st column to the j th column; and then the shock wave measuring cylinders 2 are respectively arranged in the clamping grooves 11 from the 3 rd row to the ith row in the same sequence. Two ends of each shock wave measuring cylinder 2 are fixed in the clamping grooves 11 through fixing rings 3.
And seventhly, fixing the measuring device. The measuring device is placed on a flat ground, the lower surface 15 of the base 1 is attached to the flat ground, 4 steel rods are inserted into the mounting holes 13, and the steel rods are smashed into the ground, so that the measuring device is fixed on the ground.
And step eight, detonating the explosive.
And ninthly, looking up a table to obtain the working capacity of the shock wave. After the explosion has ended, the inner radius d is found from the completely collapsed shockwave measuring cylinder 2 1 The smallest shock wave measuring cylinder 2, according to the "inner radius d 1 Look-up table corresponding to work capacity of shock wave to determine inner radius d 1 The explosion shock wave overpressure and impulse numerical values corresponding to the smallest shock wave measuring cylinder 2 are the explosion work capacity of the arrangement position of the measuring device.
And step ten, detaching the shock wave measuring cylinder 2 deformed by explosion, and simultaneously installing a series of new shock wave measuring cylinders 2 to realize the reuse of the measuring device.
Claims (8)
1. An array type blast shock wave working capacity measuring device is characterized in that the array type blast shock wave working capacity measuring device is composed of a base (1), N blast shock wave measuring barrels (2) and 2N fixing rings (3), wherein N is determined by the requirement of blast working capacity measurement; the shock wave measuring cylinder (2) is arranged in a clamping groove (11) of the base (1), and two ends of the shock wave measuring cylinder (2) are fixed through 2 fixing rings (3); the limiting holes (31) at the two ends of the fixing ring (3) are connected with the fixing holes (12) on the base (1) by bolts;
the base (1) is a cube, the length is L, the width is H, and the thickness is T; n concave clamping grooves (11) distributed in an array mode are milled on the upper surface (14) of the base (1), the clamping grooves (11) are square, N is a positive integer, i rows of clamping grooves (11) are dug in the length direction, i is a positive integer, j rows of clamping grooves (11) are dug in the width direction, j is a positive integer, and N = i x j; the distance between the adjacent rows of clamping grooves (11) is l 1 Satisfy L/(j + 1)<l 1 <L/j, the distance between the adjacent rows of the clamping grooves (11) is h 1 Satisfy H/(i + 1)<h 1 <H/i; the length of the clamping groove (11) is l 2 Width of h 2 The depth is t; 4 limit holes (12) are processed around 4 vertexes of each clamping groove (11), the limit holes (12) are through threaded holes, and the diameter of each hole is f 1 (ii) a A limiting hole (11) of the same clamping groove along the length direction12 A spacing of l 3 The spacing between the limiting holes (12) of the same clamping groove (11) along the width direction is h 3 (ii) a Four corners of the base (1) are respectively dug with 1 mounting hole (13), the mounting holes (13) are through holes, and the diameter of each hole is f 2 (ii) a The distance between the mounting holes (13) along the length direction is l 4 The distance between the mounting holes (13) in the width direction is h 4 (ii) a The base (1) is made of metal; the N shock wave measuring cylinders (2) are fixed on the upper surface (14) of the base (1); when the base is used, the upper surface (14) of the base (1) faces upwards, the lower surface (15) is attached to the flat ground, 4 steel chisels are inserted into the mounting holes (13), and the steel chisels are smashed into the ground, so that the base (1) is fixed on the ground;
the shock wave measuring cylinder (2) is in a semi-cylindrical shell shape and has an outer radius d 0 Satisfy d 0 ＝h 2 /2, inner radius d 1 Length l 5 Satisfy l 5 ＝l 2 (ii) a The shock wave measuring cylinder (2) is made of a tough material; the N shock wave measuring cylinders (2) are arranged in the clamping grooves (11) in the 1 st row of the clamping groove (11) of the base (1) in sequence from the 1 st column to the jth column, and j shock wave measuring cylinders (2) are arranged in the clamping grooves (11); then, j shock wave measuring cylinders (2) are sequentially arranged in the clamping groove (11) in the 2 nd row of the base (1) in the sequence from the 1 st column to the j th column; shock wave measuring cylinders (2) are sequentially arranged in the clamping grooves (11) from the 3 rd row to the ith row in the same sequence; the outer radii d of the N shock wave measuring tubes (2) 0 Same, inner radius d 1 Is not the same, and d 1 The numerical values of the two groups of the connecting rods are sequentially decreased progressively according to the installation sequence;
the fixing ring (3) is in a semicircular ring shape, and the outer radius is r 0 Inner radius of r 1 The thickness is s; two end surfaces of the fixing ring (3) are respectively dug with a limit hole (31), the limit hole (31) is a threaded hole, and the diameter of the threaded hole is f 3 Satisfy f 3 ＝f 1 (ii) a The distance w between the two limiting holes (31) satisfies w = h 2 (ii) a The material of the fixing ring (3) is metal; the fixing ring (3) is connected with the fixing hole (12) on the base (1) through the limiting holes (31) and the bolts at the two ends, and the two ends of the shock wave measuring cylinder (2) are fixed on the clamping groove (11).
2. The array type blast shock wave work capacity measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in thatCharacterized in that the length L of the base (1) satisfies 0.1m<L<1.0m, width H satisfying 0.1m<H<0.5m, thickness T of 0.01m<T<0.2m; the number of rows i =2, 3, 4 or 5 of the card slots (11), and the number of columns j =2, 3, 4 or 5 of the card slots (11); length l of the slot (11) 2 Satisfies 0.6l 1 <l 2 <0.9l 1 Width h of 2 Satisfies 0.6h 1 <h 2 <0.9h 1 The depth T satisfies 0.2T<t<0.5T; the diameter f of the limiting hole (12) 1 Satisfies 0.2T<f 1 <1.0T; the spacing l of the limiting holes (12) of the same clamping groove (11) along the length direction 3 Satisfy l 3 ＝l 2 Spacing h between limiting holes (12) of the same clamping groove (11) along the width direction 3 Satisfies 1.1 (h) 2 +f 1 )<h 3 <h 1 (ii) a Mounting hole (13) through hole diameter f 2 Satisfy T<f 2 <5T; the distance l between the mounting holes (13) along the length direction 4 Satisfies 0.9 (L-f) 2 )<l 4 <0.95(L-f 2 ) The distance h between the mounting holes (13) in the width direction 4 Satisfies 0.9 (H-f) 2 )<h 4 <0.95(H-f 2 )。
3. The array type blast shock wave work capacity measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the required metal density adopted by the base (1) and the fixing ring (3) is more than 7g/cm 3 The yield strength is more than 400MPa; the shock wave measuring cylinder (2) is made of metal materials.
4. The array type blast shock wave work capacity measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the metal material adopted by the blast measuring cylinder (2) requires that the quasi-static failure strain is greater than 0.5 and the yield strength is less than 600MPa.
5. The array type blast shock wave power capability measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner radius d of the blast shock wave measuring cylinder (2) 1 Satisfies 0.5d 0 <d 1 <d 0 (ii) a The inner radius d of the N shock wave measuring cylinders (2) 1 According to the linearityAnd (4) decreasing.
6. The array type blast shock wave work capacity measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the outer radius r of the fixing ring (3) is 0 Satisfy (h) 3 +f 1 )/2<r 0 <h 1 2, inner radius r 1 Satisfy h 2 /2<r 1 <(h 3 -f 1 ) A thickness s of 0.1l 2 <s<0.3l 2 。
7. A method for measuring explosive working capacity by using the array type explosive shock wave working capacity measuring device as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, primarily estimating a shock wave overpressure range at the arrangement position of a measuring device by combining a Sutavski empirical formula according to the TNT equivalent range of the explosive; the empirical formula of Sadow-fusi is
Wherein Δ p m For overpressure of the shock wave, W TNT The equivalent of explosive TNT, R is the distance between the central position of the arrangement position of the array type explosive shock wave working capacity measuring device and the central position of the explosive; the overpressure range of the shock wave at the arrangement position of the measuring device is estimated to be about delta p min <△p m <△p max ；△p min Is W TNT The shock wave overpressure at the minimum equivalent of explosive TNT is obtained by substituting the minimum equivalent of explosive TNT into the formula (1); delta p max Is W TNT The shock wave overpressure at the maximum equivalent weight of the explosive TNT is obtained by substituting the maximum equivalent weight of the explosive TNT into the formula (1);
second, establish an "inside radius d 1 Corresponding table of work capacity of shock wave "; the shock wave measuring cylinder (2) is loaded by a series of standard TNT equivalent explosive explosion, and different inner radiuses d are obtained by measuring with a shock wave overpressure sensor 1 Shock wave measuring tube of (2) Corresponding shock wave overpressure during complete crushing, integrating the shock wave overpressure and the overpressure action time to obtain corresponding shock wave impulse, and establishing an' inner radius d 1 Corresponding table of work capacity of shock wave "; the table includes N' entries, each entry includes three fields, respectively, inner radius d 1 Overpressure and impulse of shock wave, N 'is a positive integer, N' is more than or equal to 2N, and the inner radius d 1 The number of the N' is gradually decreased, the decreasing amplitude is delta, delta is more than or equal to 0.1mm and less than or equal to 1.0mm, and d of the first table entry 1 A value of d 2 δ, d of the last entry 1 A value of d 2 -δ×N’；
Thirdly, determining the inner radius d of the shock wave measuring cylinder (2) according to the overpressure range of the shock wave 1 (ii) a selection range of (d); according to "inner radius d 1 Look-up table with shock wave work-doing capability corresponding table to determine delta p min The inner radius d corresponding to the completely crushing shock wave measuring cylinder (2) under the loading condition 1max Determining Δ p max The inner radius d corresponding to the complete crushing shock wave measuring cylinder (2) under the loading condition 1min ；
Fourthly, determining the number N of the shock wave measuring cylinders (2) required to be arranged according to the error value q which is determined by the user and acceptable for measurement, wherein N is a positive integer and is
Pair (. DELTA.p) max -△p min ) /q rounding up;
fifthly, determining the inner radius d of the shock wave measuring cylinder (2) 1 The decreasing mode is linear distribution, and the inner radius d of each shock wave measuring cylinder (2) is determined 1 The numerical value of (c): the inner radius d of the first shock wave measuring cylinder (2) 1 ＝d 1max The second shock wave measuring cylinder (2) has an inner radius d 1 ＝d 1max -u, the inner radius d of the kth shock wave measuring cylinder (2) 1 ＝d 1max - (k-1) u, N shock wave measuring cylinder (2) inner radius d 1 ＝d 1min K is not less than 1 and not more than N, u is d 1 A value, u = (d), which decreases in the order of installation 1max -d 1min )/(N-1)；
Sixthly, assembling a measuring device; n shock wave measuring tubes (2) according to inner radius d 1 The numerical values are sequentially embedded into the clamping grooves (11) of the base (1) in a descending manner according to the installation sequence, and j shock wave measuring tubes (2) are sequentially installed in the clamping grooves (11) from the 1 st row of clamping grooves (11) of the base (1) in the sequence from 1 st to j th columns; then, j shock wave measuring cylinders (2) are sequentially arranged in the clamping groove (11) in the 2 nd row of the base (1) in the sequence from the 1 st column to the j th column; then, sequentially installing shock wave measuring cylinders (2) in the clamping grooves (11) from the 3 rd row to the ith row in the same sequence; two ends of each shock wave measuring cylinder (2) are fixed in the clamping grooves (11) through fixing rings (3);
seventhly, fixing the measuring device; placing the measuring device on a flat ground, attaching the lower surface (15) of the base (1) to the flat ground, inserting 4 steel rods into the mounting holes (13), and smashing the steel rods into the ground to fix the measuring device on the ground;
step eight, detonating explosives;
ninth, look up the inner radius d 1 Obtaining the working capacity of the shock wave according to the working capacity corresponding table of the shock wave; after the explosion is finished, the inner radius d is found from the completely collapsed shock wave measuring cylinder (2) 1 Minimum shock wave measuring cylinder (2) according to' inner radius d 1 Corresponding table "with work capacity of shock wave to determine inner radius d 1 The explosion shock wave overpressure and impulse numerical values corresponding to the smallest shock wave measuring cylinder (2) are the explosion working capacity of the arrangement position of the array type explosion shock wave working capacity measuring device;
and step ten, dismounting the shock wave measuring cylinder (2) with explosion deformation, and simultaneously installing a series of new shock wave measuring cylinders (2) to realize the repeated use of the array type explosion shock wave working capacity measuring device.
8. A method for measuring the explosive working capacity by using the array type explosive shock wave working capacity measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that the fourth step is that q is more than or equal to 0.01MPa and less than or equal to 0.05MPa.
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