CN114166400A - Fragment and shock wave comprehensive power measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Fragment and shock wave comprehensive power measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114166400A CN114166400A CN202111359480.7A CN202111359480A CN114166400A CN 114166400 A CN114166400 A CN 114166400A CN 202111359480 A CN202111359480 A CN 202111359480A CN 114166400 A CN114166400 A CN 114166400A
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- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 168
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- UQMRAFJOBWOFNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl UQMRAFJOBWOFNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/14—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force of explosions; for measuring the energy of projectiles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fragment and shock wave comprehensive power measuring device and a measuring method. The device comprises receiving plate, energy-absorbing structure, 2 slide rails, sealed shell, closing plate, and the energy-absorbing structure is put on the slide rail, and sealed shell and closing plate encapsulate receiving plate, energy-absorbing structure and slide rail in sealed shell. The receiving plate moves along the sliding rail under the action of the fragments and the shock waves to compress the energy-absorbing structure, the energy-absorbing structure deforms, and the kinetic energy of the fragments and the shock waves are converted into the kinetic energy of the receiving plate and further into the deformation energy of the energy-absorbing structure. The deformation of the energy absorption structure is easy to measure, the method has no complicated data processing process, the measuring device is not influenced by interference signals, and the measuring result is direct and accurate; the device has simple structure, convenient disassembly and assembly of the sealing plate, low manufacturing cost and reusability, and can be arranged in large quantities during experiments to deduce the comprehensive power of fragments and shock waves according to a large quantity of experimental data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ammunition damage power evaluation, and particularly relates to a fragment and shock wave comprehensive power measuring device and method.
Background
The basic components of the blast-killing warhead are explosive and shell (including natural shell, semi-prefabricated fragment, prefabricated fragment and the like), which are accompanied with huge energy release in the process of explosion to generate strong shock wave and high-temperature and high-pressure detonation products, and meanwhile, the fragment formed after the shell is crushed obtains energy and is thrown out at a certain initial speed to puncture a target at a high speed, and ignition and detonation actions are generated in the target. The main mechanisms for destroying targets by explosive warheads are two types: firstly, the target is directly impacted by high-speed fragments, and the target is killed and damaged by fragment kinetic energy; and secondly, blasting, namely blasting the blast warhead to generate shock waves, and killing the target by means of overpressure of the shock waves. The two damage elements can damage and destroy objects such as personnel, vehicles and the like to different degrees, the kinetic energy killing criterion is usually used as the killing criterion for the personnel objects, and whether the fragments can penetrate through the protective shell is used as the killing criterion for other objects such as vehicles and the like.
The military requirement of the fighting part is to develop towards the direction of remote, great power, high precision and multifunction, the structure is more and more complex, the power is more and more powerful, the characteristics of 'damage diversification' are more and more prominent, and the requirement of comprehensive power evaluation on the fighting part is more and more urgent. The prior comprehensive power evaluation has the following difficulties: 1. because of more interference factors of an explosion field and unpredictable flight path of fragments, the measured value is inaccurate and poor in stability, and static explosion tests are often adopted in engineering to measure attenuation coefficients of various types of fragments prefabricated by a fragment warhead and have deviation from real dynamic explosion test results; 2. in the test, the zone cutting device is required to be arranged in a wider interval, so that the number of measuring points is increased sharply, and great inconvenience is brought to engineering tests; 3. due to various parasitic and reactive interferences of an explosion field, actually measured shock wave pressure data usually contain a large amount of noise, and characteristic values of the data cannot be directly read.
At the present stage, the identification of the damage performance of the warhead usually carries out evaluation on two damage elements, namely a fragment and a shock wave, separately, in addition, a static power test method is mostly adopted, multiple factors such as a dynamic target hitting form, target characteristics and the like are not considered, and particularly, the evaluation on the dynamic power performance of the warhead is very difficult, so that the evaluation on the comprehensive power of the fragment and the shock wave has a research value. The measuring device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, quick arrangement, capability of being arranged in large quantity, convenience in result processing of the measuring method, high measuring precision and new guiding significance for improving the dynamic damage performance of the warhead.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the conventional fragment and shock wave comprehensive power measuring method and device are deficient, and provides a fragment and shock wave comprehensive power measuring method and device which are used for representing and evaluating the comprehensive power of warheads and can be used for contrastively analyzing the difference of damage capacities of different warheads to the same target and the same warhead to different targets (personnel, vehicles and the like).
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the energy-absorbing device comprises a receiving plate, an energy-absorbing structure, 2 sliding rails, a sealing shell and a sealing plate. The center of the bottom edge of the flange of the receiving plate is taken as the original point O of a Cartesian coordinate system, the direction from one end close to the sealing plate to one end close to the sealing shell is defined as the z axis, the x axis and the y axis are determined according to the definition method of a left-hand coordinate system, the x axis is coincided with the bottom edge of the flange of the receiving plate close to the sealing plate, and the whole measuring device is symmetrical about the y axis. Defining the positive direction of an x axis as the right end of the measuring device, and the negative direction of the x axis as the left end of the measuring device; the positive direction of the y axis refers to the upper end of the measuring device, and the negative direction of the y axis refers to the lower end of the measuring device; the positive z-axis direction refers to the rear end of the measuring device and the negative z-axis direction refers to the front end of the measuring device. The 2 sliding rails are symmetrical about the y axis and are arranged along the z axis; 2 sliding rails are fixed on the lower end face of the sealing shell; the preceding terminal surface of 2 slide rails and the preceding terminal surface parallel and level of receiving plate. The energy absorption structure is arranged on the slide rail, and the front end face of the energy absorption structure is in close contact with the rear end face of the receiving plate; the rear end of the energy absorption structure is clamped in the sealing shell and is firmly fixed. The sealing plate is fixed on one side of the opening of the sealing shell, and the receiving plate, the energy absorption structure and the 2 sliding rails are enclosed by the sealing plate and the sealing shell; the sealing plate seals both the upper end face and the front end face of the sealing housing.
The receiving plate is used for receiving fragments and shock waves and consists of a receiving plate flange, a receiving plate counterweight and 2 receiving plate sliding grooves. The flange of the receiving plate is a cuboid and is fixed at the rear upper part of the counterweight of the receiving plate, and the rear end surface of the flange of the receiving plate is flush with the rear end surface of the counterweight of the receiving plate. Length l of flange of receiving plate11Satisfies 0.01m<l11<2.0m, width w of flange of receiving plate11Satisfies 0.001m<w11<0.2m, height h of flange of receiving plate11Satisfies 0.02m<h11<3.0 m. The flange of the receiving plate is used for receiving fragments and shock waves, the balance weight of the receiving plate is integrally a solid rectangular body, two receiving plate sliding grooves are dug at the bottom along the z axis, and the cross section of each receiving plate sliding groove is a through groove with a T-shaped cross section (the length of the through groove along the z direction is equal to the width w of the balance weight of the receiving plate12) Length l of the counterweight of the receiving plate12Satisfy l11<l12<1.3l11Width w of the counterweight of the receiving plate12Satisfy w11<w12<5w11Height h of counter weight of receiving plate12Satisfies 0.01h11<h12<0.3h11. The receiving plate counter weight is used for stabilizing the focus on the receiving plate edge of a wing, increases the contact length of receiving plate spout and slide rail, and the slip in-process can not lead to the card pause because of little slope. Defining a groove at the upper end of the T shape of the sliding groove of the receiving plate along the x axis as a transverse groove, and a groove at the lower end of the T shape along the y axis as a longitudinal groove, wherein the transverse groove is vertical to the longitudinal groove; length l of the transverse groove13Satisfies 0.01l12<l13<0.3l12Height h of the transverse groove13Satisfies 0.1h12<h13<h12(ii) a Length l of longitudinal groove14Satisfies 0.1l13<l14<0.5l13Height h of longitudinal grooves14Satisfies 0.1h12<h14<(h12-h13) (ii) a 2 receiving plate chutes are symmetrical about the y axis, and the distance l from the right end of the receiving plate chute to the right end of the receiving plate counterweight15Satisfies 0.01l12<l15<0.1l12. The receiving plate is made of high-strength metal material and the like, and has density rho1>1.0g/cm3Yield strength σ1>100MPa, and the specific material and the strength allow the fragments to penetrate through, but have no obvious deformation under the action of the explosive shock wave. The 2 sliding rails are respectively inserted into the 2 receiving plate sliding grooves, the flange of the receiving plate and the balance weight of the receiving plate move along the sliding rails through the receiving plate sliding grooves, and the receiving plate sliding grooves are flush with the front end faces of the sliding rails; the back end face of the counter weight of the receiving plate is in close contact with the front end face of the energy absorbing structure.
The energy absorption structure is a solid cuboid with a length l2Satisfy l2＝l12Width w2Satisfy l2<w2<3l2Height h2Satisfy h2＝h12-h13-h14The energy absorption structure is placed on the 2 sliding rails, and the front end face of the energy absorption structure is in close contact with the rear end face of the counter weight of the receiving plate; the rear end of the energy absorption structure is clamped in a space formed by a rear flange of the sealing shell and a middle plate of the sealing shell and is firmly fixed; the rear end face of the energy absorption structure is flush with the rear end face of the middle plate in the sealing shell. The energy-absorbing structure is required to generate plastic unrecoverable deformation when being extruded by the receiving plate, and the energy-absorbing structure is made of materials which meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma2<300MPa, density rho2<5.0g/cm3. The energy absorption structure can convert kinetic energy of fragments and shock waves into uniform plastic deformation energy absorbed by deformation forms of compression, cutting and the like of the energy absorption structure, record deformation displacement of the energy absorption structure, calculate energy absorbed by the energy absorption structure through mechanical properties of the energy absorption structure, and further judge comprehensive power of the fragments and the shock waves at a measuring point according to criteria.
The slide rail is T word roof beam structure, and the roof beam of defining T word roof beam upper end along the x axle is the crossbeam, and the roof beam of T word roof beam lower extreme along the y axle is the longeron, and the longeron is located the crossbeam under, both orthogonalizations. The cross beam is a rectangular plate, and the length l of the cross beam31Satisfy l31＝l13Width w of the beam31Satisfy w12<w31<w12+w2Thickness h of the beam31Satisfy h31＝h13(ii) a The longitudinal beam is a rectangular plate, and the length l of the longitudinal beam32Satisfy l32＝l14The width of the stringer being equal to w31Height h of the longitudinal beam32Satisfy h32＝h14. The lower end face of the longitudinal beam is provided with two first screw holes with the diameter D of the first screw hole33Satisfies 0.1l32<D33<l32Depth h of first screw hole33Satisfies 0.3D33<h33<h31Distance w from first screw hole at front end to front end face of slide rail32Satisfy w32＝(1/3)w31Distance w between two first screw holes33Satisfy w33＝(1/3)w31Distance w from first screw hole at rear end to rear end face of slide rail34Satisfy w34＝(1/3)w31And the lower end face of the sliding rail is fixedly connected with the lower end face of the shell of the sealing shell through screwing up the screws in the two first screw holes. The slide rail is made of high-strength metal material and the like, and has density rho3>1.0g/cm3Yield strength σ3>300MPa, and no obvious deformation is required under the action of the explosive shock wave. The crossbeam of 2 slide rails is inserted respectively in the horizontal groove of 2 receiving plate spouts, and the longeron of 2 slide rails is inserted respectively in the vertical groove of 2 receiving plate spouts, and the preceding terminal surface of slide rail and the preceding terminal surface parallel and level of receiving plate spout, and the coefficient of friction mu between slide rail and the receiving plate spout contact surface (between crossbeam and horizontal groove, between longeron and vertical groove) satisfies mu and is less than or equal to 0.01. The slide rail is used for supporting and inhales can the structure, and the receiving plate edge of a wing receives the effect of fragment and shock wave and drives the receiving plate counter weight and pass through the receiving plate spout and follow the slide rail motion.
The sealing shell consists of a shell body, a middle plate of the sealing shell body and scalesAnd (4) ruler composition. The shell is a cuboid box with an opening on the front end face and the upper end face, and the wall thickness h of the shell41Satisfies 0.01h12<h41<0.3h12Length of the housing l4Satisfy l4＝l12+2h41Width w of the housing4Satisfy w4＝w12+w2+2h41Height h of the housing4Satisfy h4＝h12+h32-h14+2h41. For convenience of description, the rear-side rectangular parallelepiped plate is defined as a rear flange on the upper end surface of the housing (the housing may be regarded as a rectangle dug out from the upper end surface, and the edge portion is not completely dug out), and the left and right side rectangular parallelepiped plates on the upper end surface of the housing 40 are defined as side flanges. Width w of rear flange41Satisfy h41<w41<0.3w4(ii) a Length of the side flanges l42Satisfy h41<l42<0.3l4Width w of side flange42Satisfy w42＝w4-w41(ii) a The middle plate of the sealing shell is a rectangular plate which is vertically stuck to the rear end face of the sealing shell along the y axis, and the length l of the middle plate of the sealing shell43Satisfy l43＝l4-2h41Width w of plate in sealed housing43Satisfies 0.01w2<w43<0.3w2Thickness h of plate in seal housing43Satisfies 0.1h41<h43≤h41The distance h from the upper end surface of the middle plate to the upper end surface of the rear flange of the sealing shell431Satisfies h431＝h2+h41. The left end face of the shell is provided with a second screw through hole with the diameter D44Satisfies D44＝D33Distance w from the second screw through hole to the front end face of the shell44Satisfy w44＝(1/2)h41The distance from the second screw through hole to the upper end surface of the shell is equal to h44Satisfy h44＝(1/2)h4The left end face of the shell is connected with the left end of the lower plate of the sealing plate through screws in the second screw through holes of the left end face, and the right end face of the shell is connected with the right end of the lower plate of the sealing plate through screws in the second screw through holes of the right end face. The shell and the sealing plate are fixedly connected through screwsAnd the receiving plate, the energy absorption structure and the sliding rail are packaged in the shell, so that the receiving plate, the energy absorption structure and the sliding rail are protected from being damaged by accidental impact. The lower end face of the shell is provided with four first screw through holes, the positions of the two first screw through holes on the left side and the positions of the two first screw through holes on the right side are symmetrical about the y axis, and the diameter D of each first screw through hole is required45Satisfies D45＝D33Distance l from first screw through hole at front right to right end face of shell45Satisfy l45＝(1/2)l14+l15+h41Distance w from the first screw through hole at the front right to the front end face of the shell45Satisfy w45＝(1/3)w31+h41Distance w between two first screw through holes on right side46Satisfy w46＝(1/3)w31The first screw through hole of the lower end face of the shell and the first screw hole of the sliding rail are aligned with the same axis, and screws are screwed in the first screw through hole and the first screw hole to fix the sliding rail on the lower end face of the shell. The upper end face of the side flange on the right side is provided with the graduated scale in a carved mode, the graduated scale is smaller than 1mm in division value along the z direction, and accordingly deformation displacement of the energy absorption structure can be read conveniently. The sealed shell is made of high-strength metal material or organic glass and the like, and has density rho4>1.0g/cm3Yield strength σ4>100MPa, and the fragment can not penetrate through and has no obvious deformation under the action of the explosive shock wave. The rear flange is used for packaging the rear side edge of the upper end face of the energy absorption structure, and the width w of the rear side edge21Satisfy w21＝w41-h41The side flange is used for packaging the left side edge and the right side edge of the upper end surface of the energy absorption structure, and the length w of the left side edge21Satisfy w22＝w2-w21Width l22Satisfy l22＝l42-h41And the edge size of the right side is the same as that of the left side, so that the energy absorption structure is prevented from moving left and right. The space formed by the upper end surface of the middle plate and the lower end surface of the rear flange of the sealing shell just locks the rear end of the energy absorbing structure, so that the energy absorbing structure is firmly fixed.
The sealing plate is an L-shaped structure consisting of a lower sealing plate and an upper sealing plate, the lower sealing plate is positioned below the upper sealing plate, and the lower sealing plate is vertical to the upper sealing plate and flush with the front end surfaces of the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate. The lower plate of the sealing plate is a cuboidPlate, length l of sealing plate lower plate51Satisfy l51＝l4-2h41Width w of lower plate of sealing plate51Satisfy w51＝h41Height h of lower plate of sealing plate51Satisfy h51＝h4-h41(ii) a The upper plate of the sealing plate is a rectangular plate, and the length l of the upper plate of the sealing plate52Satisfy l52＝l4-2l42Width w of upper plate of sealing plate52Full w52＝w12-w11+w51Height h of upper plate of sealing plate52Satisfy h52＝h41(ii) a Distance l from left end surface of lower plate of sealing plate to left end surface of upper plate of sealing plate53Is 153＝(l51-l52) And/2, the distance from the right end face of the lower plate of the sealing plate to the right end face of the upper plate of the sealing plate is also l53. The left end face and the right end face of the lower plate of the sealing plate are symmetrically provided with a second screw hole, and the diameter D of the second screw hole is required54Satisfies D54＝D33Distance w from the second screw hole to the rear end face of the lower plate of the sealing plate54Satisfy w54＝(1/2)w51The distance h from the second screw hole to the upper end surface of the lower plate of the sealing plate54Satisfy h54＝(1/2)h4-h52Depth of second screw hole l54Is 154＝h33The second screw hole of the left end face of the lower plate of the sealing plate is aligned with the second screw through hole of the left end face of the sealing shell coaxially, the second screw hole of the right end face of the lower plate of the sealing plate is aligned with the second screw through hole of the right end face of the sealing shell coaxially, and a screw is screwed in the hole to fix the lower plate of the sealing plate on the shell. The sealing plate is used for sealing the upper end face and the front end face of the sealing shell. After the test is finished each time, the repeated utilization of the measuring device can be realized by disassembling the sealing plate, replacing the receiving plate and absorbing the energy structure. The sealing plate is made of high-strength metal material or organic glass and has a density rho5>1.0g/cm3Yield strength σ5>100MPa, the fragment is required to be not penetrated through and not have obvious deformation under the action of explosion shock wave.
The method for carrying out fragment and shock wave comprehensive power measurement by adopting the invention comprises the following steps:
firstly, calibrating by a dynamic loading technology to obtain a stable deformation force F of the energy absorption structure, wherein the unit is N;
secondly, positioning the rear end face position of the receiving plate at the initial moment by a graduated scale to obtain x0。
Thirdly, setting an explosion point, detonating at the explosion point, scattering the generated fragments in the space, transmitting the impact wave in the space, enabling the fragments and the impact wave to reach a receiving plate, and receiving the kinetic energy of the fragments and the impact wave by the receiving plate and converting the kinetic energy into the kinetic energy of the receiving plate;
fourthly, after the explosive impact, the flange of the receiving plate is subjected to the action of the fragments and the shock waves to drive the balance weight of the receiving plate to move along the slide rail through the chute of the receiving plate, the energy absorption structure is compressed and stably deformed, and finally the rear end face of the receiving plate moves to x1X is obtained by interpretation of a graduated scale1；
Fifthly, calculating the plastic deformation displacement quantity delta x ═ x generated by the energy absorption structure1-x0(x0、x1And Δ x is m in unit);
sixthly, according to the deformation formula of the energy-absorbing structure
Calculating the kinetic energy E of the receiving plate at the measuring point;
and seventhly, looking up a killing criterion of the personnel and a damage criterion of the vehicle (Wangshan 'terminal effect science', 2 nd edition (scientific publishing agency), 156 pages of 'energy critical criterion' and 167 pages of 'energy density criterion'), comparing the magnitude relation between the kinetic energy E of the receiving plate and the criterion to obtain the damage grades of the personnel and the vehicle, using the kinetic energy killing criterion as the killing criterion for personnel targets, and using whether fragments can penetrate through the receiving plate as the killing criterion for other targets such as the vehicle.
The existing fragment and shock wave comprehensive power measuring device has limited types, is mostly composed of electric measuring equipment, has high cost and is highly restricted by field test conditions. Compared with the prior art, the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: based on the energy conservation principle, fragment kinetic energy and shock wave energy are converted into kinetic energy of a receiving plate and further converted into deformation energy of an energy absorption structure, and the deformation of the energy absorption structure is easy to measure; the invention has simple structure, convenient disassembly and assembly of the sealing plate, low manufacturing cost and reusability of the device because only the receiving plate and the energy absorbing structure need to be replaced in each experiment, and can be arranged in large quantities during dynamic explosion experiments to deduce the comprehensive power of fragments and shock waves according to a large quantity of experimental data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of the present invention (the scale 46 is only schematic and does not represent an object)
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 1 taken along the yoz plane.
Fig. 3 is an isometric view of the receiving plate 1 of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a general block diagram of the energy absorbing structure 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an isometric view of the slide rail 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a structural view of the package case 4 of the present invention, fig. 6(a) is a perspective view of the package case 4 of the present invention, fig. 6(b) is a perspective view of the case 40, and fig. 6(c) is a perspective view of the energy absorbing structure 2 (fig. 6 is laid down for the purpose of explaining the relationship with the package case 4).
Fig. 7 is an isometric view of the invention before and after impact of an explosion, fig. 7(a) is an isometric view of the invention before impact of an explosion, and fig. 7(b) is an isometric view of the invention after impact of an explosion (the seal plate 5 is not shown to ensure the isometric views are concise and clear).
Fig. 8 is an isometric view of the sealing plate 5 of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the energy-absorbing structure comprises a receiving plate, 11 receiving plate flanges, 12 receiving plate counterweights, 13 receiving plate sliding grooves, 131 transverse grooves, 132 longitudinal grooves, 2 energy-absorbing structures, 3 sliding rails, 31 transverse beams, 32 longitudinal beams, 33 first screw holes, 4 sealing shells, 40 shells, 41 rear flanges, 42 side flanges, 43 sealing shell middle plates, 44 first screw through holes, 45 second screw through holes, 46 graduated scales, 5 sealing plates, 51 sealing plate lower plates, 52 sealing plate upper plates and 54 second screw holes.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting an understanding and an enabling description of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the measuring apparatus of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the yoz plane of fig. 1. The energy-absorbing energy-saving device comprises a receiving plate 1, an energy-absorbing structure 2, 2 sliding rails 3, a sealing shell 4 and a sealing plate 5. The center of the bottom edge of a flange 11 of a receiving plate 1 is taken as a Cartesian coordinate system origin O, a direction from one end close to a sealing plate 5 to one end close to a sealing shell 4 is defined as a z-axis, an x-axis and a y-axis are determined according to a definition method of a left-hand coordinate system, the x-axis is coincident with the bottom edge of the flange 11 of the receiving plate close to the sealing plate 5, and the whole measuring device is symmetrical about the y-axis. Defining the positive direction of an x axis as the right end of the measuring device, and the negative direction of the x axis as the left end of the measuring device; the positive direction of the y axis refers to the upper end of the measuring device, and the negative direction of the y axis refers to the lower end of the measuring device; the positive z-axis direction refers to the rear end of the measuring device and the negative z-axis direction refers to the front end of the measuring device. The 2 sliding rails 3 are symmetrical about the y axis and are arranged along the z axis; 2 sliding rails 3 are fixed on the lower end face of the sealing shell 4; the front end surfaces of the 2 sliding rails 3 are flush with the front end surface of the receiving plate 1. The energy absorption structure 2 is arranged on the slide rail 3, and the front end face of the energy absorption structure 2 is in close contact with the rear end face of the receiving plate 1; the rear end of the energy absorption structure 2 is clamped in the sealing shell 4 and is firmly fixed. The sealing plate 5 is fixed on one side of the opening of the sealing shell 4, and the receiving plate 1, the energy absorption structure 2 and the 2 sliding rails 3 are enclosed by the sealing plate 5 and the sealing shell 4; the sealing plate 5 seals both the upper end face of the seal housing 4 and the front end face of the seal housing 4.
Fig. 3 is an isometric view of a receiving plate 1 of the measuring device of the invention. The receiving plate 1 is used for receiving fragments and shock waves and consists of a receiving plate flange 11, a receiving plate counterweight 12 and 2 receiving plate sliding grooves 13. Receiving plate flange 11 is a rectangular parallelepiped and is fixed to the rear upper side of receiving plate counterweight 12, and the rear end surface of receiving plate flange 11 is flush with the rear end surface of receiving plate counterweight 12. Length l of flange 11 of receiving plate11Satisfy the requirement of0.01m<l11<2.0m, width w of receiving plate flange 1111Satisfies 0.001m<w11<0.2m, height h of flange 11 of receiving plate11Satisfies 0.02m<h11<3.0 m. The flange 11 of the receiving plate is used for receiving fragments and shock waves, the whole body of the counter weight 12 of the receiving plate is a solid cuboid, two receiving plate sliding grooves 13 are dug at the bottom along the z axis, the receiving plate sliding grooves 13 are through grooves with T-shaped cross sections (the length of the through grooves along the z direction is equal to the width w of the counter weight 12 of the receiving plate12) Length l of the receiving plate weight 1212Satisfy l11<l12<1.3l11Width w of receiving plate weight 1212Satisfy w11<w12<5w11Height h of receiving plate counterweight 1212Satisfies 0.01h11<h12<0.3h11. Receiving plate counter weight 12 is used for stabilizing the focus of receiving plate flange 11, increases the contact length of receiving plate spout 13 and slide rail 3, and the slip in-process can not lead to the card pause because of for slight slope. Defining a groove at the upper end of the T shape of the receiving plate sliding groove 13 along the x axis as a transverse groove 131, a groove at the lower end of the T shape along the y axis as a longitudinal groove 132, and the transverse groove 131 is vertical to the longitudinal groove 132; length l of transverse slot 13113Satisfies 0.01l12<l13<0.3l12Height h of the horizontal groove 13113Satisfies 0.1h12<h13<h12(ii) a Length l of longitudinal slot 13214Satisfies 0.1l13<l14<0.5l13Height h of longitudinal groove 13214Satisfies 0.1h12<h14<(h12-h13) (ii) a 2 receiving plate sliding grooves 13 are symmetrical about the y axis, and the distance l from the right end of the receiving plate sliding groove 13 at the right end to the right end of the receiving plate counterweight 1215Satisfies 0.01l12<l15<0.1l12. The receiving plate 1 is made of high-strength metal material and the like and has density rho1>1.0g/cm3Yield strength σ1>100MPa, and the specific material and the strength allow the fragments to penetrate through, but have no obvious deformation under the action of the explosive shock wave. The front end faces of the receiving plate sliding grooves 13 and the sliding rails 3 are parallel and level, the 2 sliding rails 3 are respectively inserted into the 2 receiving plate sliding grooves 13, and the receiving plate flanges 11 and the receiving plate counter weights 12 pass through the receiving plate sliding grooves13 move along the slide rail 3; the rear end face of the receiving plate counterweight 12 is in close contact with the front end face of the energy absorbing structure 2.
Fig. 4 is an isometric view of an energy absorbing structure 2 of the measuring device of the present invention. The energy absorption structure 2 is a solid cuboid with a length l2Satisfy l2＝l12Width w2Satisfy l2<w2<3l2Height h2Satisfy h2＝h12-h13-h14The energy absorption structure 2 is arranged on the 2 sliding rails 3, and the front end face of the energy absorption structure 2 is in close contact with the rear end face of the receiving plate counterweight 12; the rear end of the energy absorption structure 2 is clamped in a space formed by a rear flange 41 of the sealing shell 4 and a middle plate 43 of the sealing shell and is firmly fixed; the rear end face of the energy absorbing structure 2 is flush with the rear end face of the middle plate 43 in the seal housing. The energy-absorbing structure 2 is required to generate plasticity and can not be recovered and deformed when being extruded by the receiving plate 1, and the material of the energy-absorbing structure 2 meets the following requirements: yield strength sigma2<300MPa, density rho2<5.0g/cm3. The energy-absorbing structure 2 can convert kinetic energy of fragments and shock waves into uniform plastic deformation energy absorbed by deformation forms such as compression, cutting and the like of the energy-absorbing structure, record deformation displacement of the energy-absorbing structure 2, calculate energy absorbed by the energy-absorbing structure 2 through mechanical properties of the energy-absorbing structure 2, and further judge comprehensive power of the fragments and the shock waves at a measuring point according to criteria.
Fig. 5 is an isometric view of the measuring device slide rail 3 of the present invention. The slide rail 3 is of a T-shaped beam structure, the beam at the upper end of the T-shaped beam along the x axis is defined as a cross beam 31, the beam at the lower end of the T-shaped beam along the y axis is defined as a longitudinal beam 32, and the longitudinal beam 32 is positioned right below the cross beam 31 and is orthogonal to the cross beam. The beam 31 is a rectangular parallelepiped plate, the length l of the beam 3131Satisfy l31＝l13Width w of the beam 3131Satisfy w12<w31<w12+w2Thickness h of the beam 3131Satisfy h31＝h13(ii) a The longitudinal beams 32 are rectangular parallelepiped plates, and the length l of the longitudinal beams 3232Satisfy l32＝l14The width of the longitudinal beam 32 is equal to w31Height h of the longitudinal beam 3232Satisfy h32＝h14. The lower end face of the longitudinal beam 32 is provided with two first screw holes 33 which are required to be the firstA screw hole 33 diameter D33Satisfies 0.1l32<D33<l32 First screw hole 33 depth h33Satisfies 0.3D33<h33<h31The distance w from the first screw hole 33 at the front end to the front end face of the slide rail 332Satisfy w32＝(1/3)w31Distance w between two first screw holes 3333Satisfy w33＝(1/3)w31Distance w from the first screw hole 33 at the rear end to the rear end face of the slide rail 334Satisfy w34＝(1/3)w31And the slide rail 3 is fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the shell 40 of the sealing shell 4 by screwing the screws in the two first screw holes 33. The slide rail 3 is made of high-strength metal material and the like, and has density rho3>1.0g/cm3Yield strength σ3>300MPa, and the specific material and strength are required to have no obvious deformation under the action of the explosive shock wave. The cross beam 31 of 2 slide rails 3 is respectively inserted into the transverse groove 131 of 2 receiving plate sliding grooves 13, the longitudinal beam 32 of 2 slide rails 3 is respectively inserted into the longitudinal groove 132 of 2 receiving plate sliding grooves 13, the front end surface of the slide rail 3 is flush with the front end surface of the receiving plate sliding grooves 13, and the friction coefficient mu between the contact surfaces (namely between the cross beam 31 and the transverse groove 131 and between the longitudinal beam 32 and the longitudinal groove 132) of the slide rail 3 and the receiving plate sliding grooves 13 meets the condition that mu is less than or equal to 0.01. The sliding rail 3 is used for supporting the energy absorption structure 2, and the receiving plate flange 11 drives the receiving plate counterweight 12 to move along the sliding rail 3 through the receiving plate sliding groove 13 after being subjected to the effects of fragments and shock waves.
Fig. 6(a) is an isometric view of a sealing shell 4 of the measuring device according to the invention, fig. 6(b) is an isometric view of a shell 40, and fig. 6(c) is an isometric view of an energy-absorbing structure 2. Fig. 7(a) is an isometric view of the invention before impact from an explosion, and fig. 7(b) is an isometric view of the invention after impact from an explosion (the seal plate 5 is not shown to ensure the isometric views are concise and clear). The seal housing 4 is composed of a housing 40, a seal housing middle plate 43 and a scale 46. The case 40 is a rectangular parallelepiped box having an open front end face and an open upper end face, and the wall thickness h of the case 4041Satisfies 0.01h12<h41<0.3h12Length l of housing 404Satisfy l4＝l12+2h41Width w of the housing 404Satisfy w4＝w12+w2+2h41Height h of housing 404Satisfy h4＝h12+h32-h14+2h41. For convenience of description, an upper end surface of the housing 40 (the housing 40 may be regarded as a rectangle having a rectangular shape cut out from the upper end surface, and the edge portion is not completely cut out) is defined as a rear flange 41 (see a cross-hatched area in fig. 6 (b)), and rectangular solid plates on left and right sides of the upper end surface of the housing 40 are defined as side flanges 42 (see a cross-hatched area in fig. 6 (b)). Width w of rear flange 4141Satisfy h41<w41<0.3w4(ii) a Length l of side flange 4242Satisfy h41<l42<0.3l4Width w of side flange 4242Satisfies w42＝w4-w41(ii) a The seal housing intermediate plate 43 is a rectangular parallelepiped plate and is attached perpendicularly to the rear end face of the seal housing 4 along the y-axis, and the length l of the seal housing intermediate plate 4343Satisfy l43＝l4-2h41Width w of plate 43 in a sealed housing43Satisfies 0.01w2<w43<0.3w2Thickness h of plate 43 in seal housing43Satisfies 0.1h41<h43≤h41Distance h from the upper end surface of the middle plate 43 of the seal housing to the upper end surface of the rear flange 41431Satisfy h431＝h2+h41. The left end face of the housing 40 is provided with a second screw through hole 44, and the diameter D of the second screw through hole 44 is required44Satisfies D44＝D33Distance w from second screw through hole 44 to front end surface of housing 4044Satisfy w44＝(1/2)h41The distance from the second screw through hole 44 to the upper end face of the housing 40 is equal to h44Satisfy h44＝(1/2)h4The left end surface of the housing 40 is connected with the left end of the lower plate 51 of the sealing plate through the screws in the second screw through holes 44 of the left end surface, and the right end surface of the housing 40 is connected with the right end of the lower plate 51 of the sealing plate through the screws in the second screw through holes 44 of the right end surface. The shell 40 and the sealing plate 5 are fixedly connected through screws, and the receiving plate 1, the energy absorption structure 2 and the sliding rail 3 are packaged in the shell 40, so that the three are protected from accidental impact damage. The lower end surface of the shell 40 is provided with four first screw through holes 45, and the left side is provided with two first screw through holesThe positions of the first screw through hole 45 and the two first screw through holes 45 on the right side are symmetrical about the y axis, and the diameter D of the first screw through hole 45 is required45Satisfies D45＝D33Distance l from first screw through hole 45 at right front to right end face of housing 4045Satisfy l45＝(1/2)l14+l15+h41Distance w from first screw through hole 45 at front right to front end face of housing 4045Satisfy w45＝(1/3)w31+h41Distance w between two first screw through holes 45 on the right side46Satisfy w46＝(1/3)w31The first screw through hole 45 of the lower end face of the housing 40 and the first screw hole 33 of the slide rail 3 are aligned with the same axis, and screws are screwed into the first screw through hole 45 and the first screw hole 33 to fix the slide rail 3 on the lower end face of the housing 40. The upper end face of the side flange 42 on the right side is provided with the graduated scale 46 in a carved mode, the graduated scale 46 is smaller than 1mm in division value along the z direction, and accordingly deformation displacement of the energy absorption structure 2 can be read conveniently. The sealed shell 4 is made of high-strength metal material or organic glass and the like, and has density rho4>1.0g/cm3Yield strength σ4>100MPa, specific materials and strength are not allowed to be penetrated by fragments, and no obvious deformation is caused under the action of the explosive shock wave. As shown in FIG. 6(c), rear flange 41 is used to enclose the rear side edge of the upper face of energy absorbing structure 2 (see the "cross" hatched area in FIG. 6 (c)) with a rear side edge width w21Satisfy w21＝w41-h41The side flanges 42 enclose left and right side edges of the upper end surface of the energy absorbing structure 2 (see the hatched area of the diagonal line in fig. 6 (b)), and the length w of the left side edge22Satisfy w22＝w2-w21Width l22Satisfy l22＝l42-h41The dimension of the right edge is the same as that of the left edge, i.e. the length of the right edge is equal to w22Width ═ l22(ii) a Preventing the energy absorbing structure 2 from moving left and right. The space formed by the upper end surface of the middle plate 43 of the seal housing and the lower end surface of the rear flange 41 just locks the rear end of the energy absorbing structure 2, so that the energy absorbing structure 2 is firmly fixed.
Fig. 8 is an isometric view of the sealing plate 5 of the present invention. The sealing plate 5 is an L-shaped structure consisting of a sealing plate lower plate 51 and a sealing plate upper plate 52,the lower plate 51 is located below the upper plate 52, and is vertical and flush with the front end surfaces thereof. The lower plate 51 is a rectangular parallelepiped plate, and the length l of the lower plate 5151Satisfy l51＝l4-2h41Width w of lower plate 51 of sealing plate51Satisfy w51＝h41Height h of lower plate 51 of sealing plate51Satisfy h51＝h4-h41(ii) a The sealing plate upper plate 52 is a rectangular parallelepiped plate, and the length l of the sealing plate upper plate 5252Satisfy l52＝l4-2l42Width w of sealing plate upper plate 5252Full w52＝w12-w11+w51Height h of upper plate 52 of sealing plate52Satisfy h52＝h41(ii) a Distance l from the left end surface of the seal plate lower plate 51 to the left end surface of the seal plate upper plate 5253Is 153＝(l51-l52) The distance from the right end face of the lower seal plate 51 to the right end face of the upper seal plate 52 is also l53. The left and right end faces of the lower plate 51 are symmetrically provided with a second screw hole 54, and the diameter D of the second screw hole 54 is required54Satisfies D54＝D33A distance w from the second screw hole 54 to the rear end surface of the lower plate 5154Satisfy w54＝(1/2)w51A distance h from the second screw hole 54 to the upper end surface of the lower plate 5154Satisfy h54＝(1/2)h4-h52Depth l of the second screw hole 5454Is 154＝h33The second screw hole 54 of the left end surface of the lower plate 51 and the second screw through hole 44 of the left end surface of the sealing housing 4 are coaxially aligned, the second screw hole 54 of the right end surface of the lower plate 51 and the second screw through hole 44 of the right end surface of the sealing housing 4 are coaxially aligned, and screws are screwed into the holes to fix the lower plate 51 to the housing 40. The sealing plate 5 is used to close the upper end face and the front end face of the sealing case 4. After the test is finished each time, the repeated utilization of the measuring device can be realized by disassembling the sealing plate 5, replacing the receiving plate 1 and the energy absorption structure 2. The sealing plate 5 is made of high-strength metal material or organic glass and has a density rho5>1.0g/cm3Yield strength σ5>100MPand a, the specific material and the strength do not allow the fragments to penetrate through, and the fragments do not deform obviously under the action of the explosive shock wave.
The method for carrying out fragment and shock wave comprehensive power measurement by adopting the invention comprises the following steps:
firstly, calibrating by a dynamic loading technology to obtain a deformation force F of the energy absorption structure 2, wherein the unit is N;
secondly, the position of the rear end face of the receiving plate 1 at the initial moment is positioned by a graduated scale 46, and the position is x0(as shown in FIG. 7 (a)).
Thirdly, setting an explosion point, detonating at the explosion point, scattering the generated fragments in the space, transmitting the impact wave in the space, enabling the fragments and the impact wave to reach the receiving plate 1, and receiving the kinetic energy of the fragments and the impact wave by the receiving plate 1 and converting the kinetic energy into the kinetic energy of the receiving plate 1;
fourthly, after the explosive impact, the flange 11 of the receiving plate is subjected to the action of fragments and shock waves to drive the counter weight 12 of the receiving plate to move along the slide rail 3 through the chute 13 of the receiving plate, the energy-absorbing structure 2 is compressed, the energy-absorbing structure 2 is stably deformed, and finally the rear end face of the receiving plate 1 moves to x1(see FIG. 7 (b)), x is interpreted by the scale 461；
Fifthly, calculating the plastic deformation displacement quantity delta x ═ x generated by the energy absorption structure 21-x0(x0、x1And Δ x is in m);
sixthly, according to the deformation formula of the energy-absorbing structure 2
Calculating the kinetic energy E of the receiving plate 1 at the measuring point;
and seventhly, looking up the damage criterion of the personnel and the damage criterion of the vehicle (Wangshan 'terminal effect science', 2 nd edition (scientific publishing agency), 156 pages of 'energy critical criterion' and 167 pages of 'energy density criterion'), comparing the magnitude relation between the kinetic energy E of the receiving plate 1 and the criterion to obtain the damage grades of the personnel and the vehicle, using the kinetic energy damage criterion as the damage criterion for personnel targets, and using whether fragments can penetrate through the receiving plate 1 as the damage criterion for other targets such as the vehicle.
The above embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention. The specific structure and the size of the device can be adjusted correspondingly according to actual needs. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of protection afforded by the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A fragment and shock wave comprehensive power measuring device is characterized by comprising a receiving plate (1), an energy absorption structure (2), 2 sliding rails (3), a sealing shell (4) and a sealing plate (5); the center of the bottom edge of a flange (11) of a receiving plate (1) is taken as a Cartesian coordinate system origin O, the end pointing to the end close to a sealing shell (4) from one end close to a sealing plate (5) is defined as a z-axis, an x-axis and a y-axis are determined according to the definition method of a left-hand coordinate system, the x-axis is coincided with the bottom edge of the flange (11) of the receiving plate close to the sealing plate (5), and the whole measuring device is symmetrical about the y-axis; defining the positive direction of an x axis as the right end of the measuring device, and the negative direction of the x axis as the left end of the measuring device; the positive direction of the y axis refers to the upper end of the measuring device, and the negative direction of the y axis refers to the lower end of the measuring device; the positive direction of the z axis refers to the rear end of the measuring device, and the negative direction of the z axis refers to the front end of the measuring device; the 2 sliding rails (3) are symmetrical about the y axis and are arranged along the z axis; 2 sliding rails (3) are fixed on the lower end face of the sealing shell (4); the front end surfaces of the 2 sliding rails (3) are flush with the front end surface of the receiving plate (1); the energy absorption structure (2) is arranged on the slide rail (3), and the front end face of the energy absorption structure (2) is in close contact with the rear end face of the receiving plate (1); the rear end of the energy absorption structure (2) is clamped and fixed in the sealing shell (4); the sealing plate (5) is fixed on one side of the opening of the sealing shell (4), and the receiving plate (1), the energy absorption structure (2) and the 2 sliding rails (3) are surrounded by the sealing plate (5) and the sealing shell (4); the sealing plate (5) not only seals the upper end face of the sealing shell (4), but also seals the front end face of the sealing shell (4);
the receiving plate (1) is used for receiving fragments and shock waves and consists of a receiving plate flange (11), a receiving plate counterweight (12) and 2 receiving plate sliding grooves (13); the flange (11) of the receiving plate is a cuboid and is fixed at the rear upper part of the counterweight (12) of the receiving plate,the rear end surface of the flange (11) of the receiving plate is flush with the rear end surface of the counterweight (12) of the receiving plate; the length of the flange (11) of the receiving plate is l11The width of the flange (11) of the receiving plate is w11The height of the flange (11) of the receiving plate is h11The receiving plate flange (11) is used for receiving fragments and shock waves; the receiving plate counter weight (12) is a cuboid, two receiving plate sliding grooves (13) are dug at the bottom along the z-axis, the cross sections of the receiving plate sliding grooves (13) are through grooves with T-shaped cross sections, and the length of the through grooves along the z direction is equal to the width w of the receiving plate counter weight (12)12The length of the receiving plate counterweight (12) is l12The width of the receiving plate counterweight (12) is w12The height of the receiving plate counterweight (12) is h12(ii) a The receiving plate counterweight (12) is used for stabilizing the gravity center of the receiving plate flange (11) and increasing the contact length of the receiving plate sliding chute (13) and the sliding rail (3); a groove at the upper end of the T shape of the receiving plate sliding groove (13) along the x axis is defined as a transverse groove (131), a groove at the lower end of the T shape along the y axis is defined as a longitudinal groove (132), and the transverse groove (131) is vertical to the longitudinal groove (132); the length of the transverse groove (131) is l13The height of the transverse groove (131) is h13(ii) a The length of the longitudinal groove (132) is l14The height of the longitudinal groove (132) is h14(ii) a 2 receiving plate sliding grooves (13) are symmetrical about the y axis, and the distance from the right end of the receiving plate sliding groove (13) at the right end to the right end of the receiving plate counterweight (12) is l15(ii) a The receiving plate (1) is made of metal materials, and is required to allow the fragments to penetrate through but not deform under the action of the explosive shock waves; 1 sliding rail (3) is respectively inserted into the 2 receiving plate sliding grooves (13), and the front end surfaces of the receiving plate sliding grooves (13) and the sliding rails (3) are flush; the rear end face of the receiving plate counterweight (12) is in close contact with the front end face of the energy absorbing structure (2);
the energy absorption structure (2) is a solid cuboid with the length of l2Width of w2Height of h2The energy absorption structure (2) is arranged on the 2 sliding rails (3), and the front end face of the energy absorption structure (2) is tightly contacted with the rear end face of the receiving plate counterweight (12); the rear end face of the energy absorption structure (2) is flush with the rear end face of the middle plate (43) of the sealing shell; the material of the energy absorption structure (2) is required to generate plastic non-recoverable deformation when being extruded by the receiving plate (1); the energy absorption structure (2) converts the kinetic energy of fragments and shock waves into uniform plastic deformation energy absorbed by the deformation form of the energy absorption structure;
the slide rail (3) is T-shapedThe beam structure defines that a beam at the upper end of the T-shaped beam along the x axis is a cross beam (31), a beam at the lower end of the T-shaped beam along the y axis is a longitudinal beam (32), and the longitudinal beam (32) is positioned right below the cross beam (31) and is orthogonal to the cross beam; the cross beam (31) and the longitudinal beam (32) are rectangular plates, two first screw holes (33) are formed in the lower end face of the longitudinal beam (32), and the diameter of each first screw hole (33) is D33The depth of the first screw hole (33) is h33The slide rail (3) is fixedly connected with the sealing shell (4) by screwing the screws in the two first screw holes (33); the sliding rail (3) is made of metal materials and is required to have no deformation under the action of the explosion shock wave; the cross beams (31) of the 2 sliding rails (3) are respectively inserted into the transverse grooves (131) of the 2 receiving plate sliding grooves (13), the longitudinal beams (32) of the 2 sliding rails (3) are respectively inserted into the longitudinal grooves (132) of the 2 receiving plate sliding grooves (13), and the front end surfaces of the sliding rails (3) are flush with the front end surfaces of the receiving plate sliding grooves (13); the sliding rail (3) is used for supporting the energy absorption structure (2) and controlling the movement direction of the receiving plate (1);
the sealing shell (4) consists of a shell (40), a middle plate (43) of the sealing shell and a graduated scale (46); the shell (40) is a cuboid box with an opening on the front end face and the upper end face, and the wall thickness of the shell (40) is h41The length of the housing (40) is l4The width of the shell (40) is w4The height of the housing (40) is h4(ii) a The cuboid plates on the rear side of the upper end face of the shell (40) are defined as rear flanges (41), and the cuboid plates on the left side and the right side of the upper end face of the shell (40) are defined as side flanges (42); the width of the rear flange (41) is w41(ii) a The length of the side flange (42) is l42The width of the side flange (42) is w42(ii) a The middle plate (43) of the sealing shell is a cuboid plate and is vertically adhered to the rear end face of the sealing shell (4) along the y axis, and the length of the middle plate (43) of the sealing shell is l43The width of the middle plate (43) in the sealed shell is w43The thickness of the middle plate (43) in the sealed shell is h43The distance from the upper end surface of the middle plate (43) of the sealing shell to the upper end surface of the rear flange (41) is h431The space formed by the upper end surface of the middle plate (43) of the sealing shell and the lower end surface of the rear flange (41) clamps the rear end of the energy absorbing structure (2), so that the energy absorbing structure (2) is fixed; the shell (40) is fixedly connected with the sealing plate (5) through screws, and the receiving plate (1), the energy absorption structure (2) and the sliding rail (3) are packaged in the shell; the lower end surface of the shell (40) is fixed with the slide rail (3) through screws; right side of theThe upper end face of the side flange (42) is carved with a graduated scale (46), and the graduated scale (46) is arranged along the z direction; the sealing shell (4) is made of metal materials or organic glass, and the rupture discs are required to be not penetrated and not deformed under the action of the explosive shock waves; the rear flanges (41) are used for packaging the rear side edges of the upper end face of the energy absorption structure (2), and the side flanges (42) are used for packaging the left side edges and the right side edges of the upper end face of the energy absorption structure (2) to prevent the energy absorption structure (2) from moving left and right;
the sealing plate (5) is of an L-shaped structure consisting of a sealing plate lower plate (51) and a sealing plate upper plate (52), the sealing plate lower plate (51) is positioned below the sealing plate upper plate (52), the sealing plate lower plate and the sealing plate upper plate are vertical, and the front end faces of the sealing plate lower plate and the sealing plate upper plate are flush; the lower plate (51) is a rectangular parallelepiped plate, and the length of the lower plate (51) is l51The width of the lower plate (51) of the sealing plate is w51The height of the lower plate (51) of the sealing plate is h51(ii) a The sealing plate upper plate (52) is a rectangular parallelepiped plate, and the length of the sealing plate upper plate (52) is l52The width of the upper plate (52) of the sealing plate is w52The height of the upper plate (52) of the sealing plate is h52(ii) a The left end face of the lower sealing plate (51) is fixed on the left end face of the shell (40) through screws, and the right end face of the lower sealing plate (51) is fixed on the right end face of the shell (40) through screws; the sealing plate (5) is used for sealing the upper end face and the front end face of the sealing shell (4); the sealing plate (5) is made of metal material or organic glass, and the rupture pieces cannot penetrate through the sealing plate and do not deform under the action of the explosive shock wave.
2. A combined fragment and shock wave power measuring device according to claim 1, characterised in that the length i of the flange (11) of the receiving plate11Satisfies 0.01m<l11<2.0m, width w of flange (11) of receiving plate11Satisfies 0.001m<w11<0.2m, height h of flange (11) of receiving plate11Satisfies 0.02m<h11<3.0 m; length l of the receiving plate counterweight (12)12Satisfy l11<l12<1.3l11Width w of the receiving plate counterweight (12)12Satisfy w11<w12<5w11Height h of the receiving plate counterweight (12)12Satisfies 0.01h11<h12<0.3h11(ii) a Transverse groove (13)1) Length l of13Satisfies 0.01l12<l13<0.3l12Height h of the transverse groove (131)13Satisfies 0.1h12<h13<h12(ii) a The length l of the longitudinal groove (132)14Satisfies 0.1l13<l14<0.5l13Height h of the longitudinal groove (132)14Satisfies 0.1h12<h14<(h12-h13) (ii) a The distance l from the right end of the receiving plate sliding groove (13) at the right end to the right end of the receiving plate counterweight (12)15Satisfies 0.01l12<l15<0.1l12。
3. A combined fragment and shock wave power measuring device according to claim 1, characterised in that the energy absorbing structure (2) has a length l2Satisfy l2＝l12Width w2Satisfy l2<w2<3l2Height h2Satisfy h2＝h12-h13-h14。
4. A combined fragment and shock wave force measuring device according to claim 1, characterised in that the length l of the cross beam (31)31Satisfy l31＝l13Width w of the cross beam (31)31Satisfy w12<w31<w12+w2Thickness h of the cross beam (31)31Satisfy h31＝h13(ii) a The length l of the longitudinal beam (32)32Satisfy l32＝l14The width of the longitudinal beam (32) is equal to w31Height h of the longitudinal beam (32)32Satisfy h32＝h14(ii) a The friction coefficient mu between the cross beam (31) and the transverse groove (131) and between the longitudinal beam (32) and the longitudinal groove (132) satisfies mu less than or equal to 0.01.
5. The combined force measuring device for fragmentation and shock wave of claim 1, wherein the diameter D of the first screw hole (33) of the longitudinal beam (32)33Satisfies 0.1l32<D33<l32The depth of the first screw hole (33) is h33Satisfies 0.3D33<h33<h31The distance w from the first screw hole (33) at the front end to the front end face of the slide rail (3)32Satisfy w32＝(1/3)w31A distance w between two first screw holes (33)33Satisfy w33＝(1/3)w31The distance w from the first screw hole (33) at the rear end to the rear end face of the slide rail (3)34Satisfy w34＝(1/3)w31。
6. The combined fragment and shock wave power measuring device of claim 1, wherein the wall thickness h of the housing (40) is41Satisfies 0.01h12<h41<0.3h12Length l of the housing (40)4Satisfy l4＝l12+2h41Width w of the housing (40)4Satisfy w4＝w12+w2+2h41Height h of the housing (40)4Satisfy h4＝h12+h32-h14+2h41(ii) a Width w of rear flange (41)41Satisfy h41<w41<0.3w4(ii) a Length l of side flange (42)42Satisfy h41<l42<0.3l4Width w of side flange (42)42Satisfy w42＝w4-w41(ii) a Length l of plate (43) in sealed housing43Satisfy l43＝l4-2h41Width w of plate (43) in seal housing43Satisfies 0.01w2<w43<0.3w2Thickness h of plate (43) in seal case43Satisfies 0.1h41<h43≤h41The distance h from the upper end surface of the middle plate (43) of the sealing shell to the upper end surface of the rear flange (41)431Satisfy h431＝h2+h41(ii) a The rear edge width w of the upper end face of the energy-absorbing structure (2)21Satisfy w21＝w41-h41Length w of left edge of upper end face of energy absorbing structure (2)22Satisfy w22＝w2-w21Width l22Satisfy l22＝l42-h41(ii) a The length of the right edge is equal to w22Width ═ l22(ii) a The division value of the graduated scale (46) is less than 1 mm.
7. A combined fragment and shock wave force measuring device according to claim 1 wherein the left end face of the housing (40) is provided with a second screw through hole (44) and the diameter D of the second screw through hole (44) is required44Satisfies D44＝D33The distance w from the second screw through hole (44) to the front end face of the shell (40)44＝(1/2)h41The distance from the second screw through hole (44) to the upper end surface of the shell (40) is h44Satisfy h44＝(1/2)h4The left end face of the shell (40) is connected with the left end of the lower sealing plate (51) through screws in the second screw through holes (44) in the left end face, and the right end face of the shell (40) is connected with the right end of the lower sealing plate (51) through screws in the second screw through holes (44) in the right end face.
8. The comprehensive strength measurement device for fragments and shock waves according to claim 1, wherein the lower end surface of the housing (40) is provided with four first screw through holes (45), the positions of the two first screw through holes (45) on the left side and the two first screw through holes (45) on the right side are symmetrical about the y axis, and the diameter of the first screw through holes (45) is required to be equal to D33The distance from the first screw through hole (45) at the front right to the right end face of the shell (40) is l45＝(1/2)l14+l15+h41The distance from the first screw through hole (45) at the front right to the front end face of the shell (40) is w45＝(1/3)w31+h41The distance between two first screw through holes (45) on the right side is w46＝(1/3)w31The first screw through hole (45) of terminal surface and first screw hole (33) of slide rail (3) align with the axle center under casing (40), and first screw through hole (45) and first screw hole (33) internal rotation have the screw in order to fix slide rail (3) on terminal surface under casing (40).
9. The fragmentation and shock wave integrated power measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the length l of the lower plate (51) of the sealing plate51Satisfy l51＝l4-2h41Width w of lower plate (51) of sealing plate51Satisfy w51＝h41Height h of lower plate (51) of sealing plate51Satisfy h51＝h4-h41(ii) a Length l of upper plate (52) of sealing plate52Satisfy l52＝l4-2l42Width w of upper plate (52) of sealing plate52Full w52＝w12-w11+w51Height h of upper plate (52) of sealing plate52Satisfy h52＝h41(ii) a A distance l from the left end surface of the lower seal plate (51) to the left end surface of the upper seal plate (52)53＝(l51-l52) The distance between the right end face of the lower plate (51) and the right end face of the upper plate (52) is also l53(ii) a The left end face and the right end face of the lower plate (51) of the sealing plate are symmetrically provided with a second screw hole (54), and the diameter D of the second screw hole (54)54＝D33The distance from the second screw hole (54) to the rear end face of the lower plate (51) of the sealing plate is w54Satisfy w54＝(1/2)w51The distance h from the second screw hole (54) to the upper end face of the lower plate (51) of the sealing plate54Satisfy h54＝(1/2)h4-h52Depth l of second screw hole (54)54＝h33The second screw hole (54) on the left end face of the lower sealing plate (51) is coaxially aligned with the second screw through hole (45) on the left end face of the sealing shell (4), and the second screw hole (54) on the right end face of the lower sealing plate (51) is coaxially aligned with the second screw through hole (45) on the right end face of the sealing shell (4).
10. The integrated power measuring device for fragmentation and shock wave according to claim 1, wherein the metal material from which the receiving plate (1) is made is such that: yield strength sigma1>100MPa, density rho1>1.0g/cm3(ii) a The energy absorbing structure (2) is prepared from the following materials: yield strength sigma2<300MPa, density rho2<5.0g/cm3(ii) a The metal material for preparing the slide rail (3) meets the following requirements: yield strength sigma3>300MPa, density rho3>1.0g/cm3(ii) a The metal material or organic glass and the like for preparing the sealing shell (4) meet the following requirements: yield strength sigma4>100MPa, density rho4>1.0g/cm3(ii) a Preparation of the sealThe metal material or organic glass of the plate (5) meets the following requirements: yield strength sigma5>100MPa, density rho5>1.0g/cm3。
11. A method of performing integrated fragment and shock wave power measurement using the integrated fragment and shock wave power measurement apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, calibrating by a dynamic loading technology to obtain a deformation force F of the energy absorption structure (2), wherein the unit is N;
secondly, the position of the rear end face of the receiving plate (1) at the initial moment is positioned by a graduated scale (46) to be x0；
Thirdly, setting an explosion point, detonating at the explosion point, scattering the generated fragments in the space, transmitting the shock wave in the space, enabling the fragments and the shock wave to reach the receiving plate (1), and enabling the receiving plate (1) to receive the kinetic energy of the fragments and the shock wave and convert the kinetic energy into the kinetic energy of the receiving plate (1);
fourthly, the flange (11) of the receiving plate is driven to drive the balance weight (12) of the receiving plate to move along the sliding rail (3) through the sliding groove (13) of the receiving plate after being subjected to the action of the fragments and the shock waves, the energy absorption structure (2) is compressed, the energy absorption structure (2) deforms, and finally the rear end face of the receiving plate (1) moves to the position x1X is obtained by interpretation of the scale (46)1；
Fifthly, calculating the plastic deformation displacement quantity delta x ═ x generated by the energy absorption structure (2)1-x0，x0、x1And Δ x is in units of m;
sixthly, according to a deformation formula of the energy-absorbing structure (2)
Calculating the kinetic energy E of the receiving plate (1) at the measuring point;
and seventhly, looking up a killing criterion of the personnel and a damage criterion of the vehicle, comparing the magnitude relation between the kinetic energy E of the receiving plate (1) and the criterion to obtain the damage grades of the personnel and the vehicle, using the kinetic energy killing criterion as the killing criterion for the personnel target, and using whether the fragment can penetrate through the receiving plate (1) as the killing criterion for the vehicle.
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