CN114165236A - Middle-section bidirectional rock drilling centralized ore removal mining method - Google Patents
Middle-section bidirectional rock drilling centralized ore removal mining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114165236A CN114165236A CN202111461519.6A CN202111461519A CN114165236A CN 114165236 A CN114165236 A CN 114165236A CN 202111461519 A CN202111461519 A CN 202111461519A CN 114165236 A CN114165236 A CN 114165236A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
- E21F15/04—Stowing mats; Goaf wire netting; Partition walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
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Abstract
A middle section bidirectional rock drilling centralized ore removal mining method is characterized in that an upper middle section ore body, a main section ore body and a lower middle section ore body are divided in a mining area, the middle section is mined from bottom to top, the ore body in the middle section is divided into ore removal, rock drilling and filling levels according to the vertical height in sequence, and the ore body is subjected to construction filling, rock drilling and ore removal drift passing and enters the ore body; entering an ore body in a horizontal medium-length hole in the filling and vein-crossing roadway construction, performing joint cutting blasting in the horizontal direction, and dividing the ore body at the main part and the middle section at the upper part; filling and reserving a vertical space as a middle-section ore removal gallery in a lower middle-section goaf at the ore removal level; performing rock drilling horizontal construction in an intra-vein rock drilling gallery and performing construction in the intra-vein rock drilling gallery, wherein an upper hole and a lower hole are respectively filled to the level and the level of ore removal and groove drawing for stoping; rock drilling and ore removal are horizontally used as filling retaining walls, and a vertical space is reserved for an upper middle-section ore removal gallery by filling a horizontal drift-through gallery without top connection; the horizontal cutting blasting is filled in the upper section, the rock drilling gallery is built in the rock drilling horizontal construction vein, the ore removal level is the ore removal gallery reserved in the middle goaf for stoping, and the method has the advantages of high ore block production capacity, short stoping preparation time, low stoping preparation roadway engineering quantity and mining cut ratio, low mining cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an underground mine mining method, in particular to a mining method for intensively removing ores by two-way rock drilling at the middle section of a steep thin ore vein.
Background
The method is characterized in that the method comprises a wall cutting filling method and an ore shrinkage method, wherein the wall cutting filling method and the ore shrinkage method are adopted in the conventional methods, but shallow hole ore falling is adopted, and the problems of low production capacity, high mining cost and the like generally exist.
In order to overcome the problems, the industry continuously provides technical innovation concepts: for example, patent CN112177611A discloses a mining method of "pre-splitting blasting at the interface of ore and surrounding rock", or can inhibit the surrounding rock from caving due to the influence of ore-breaking blasting; patent CN 111456729 a discloses a mining method of "ore falling with upward hole, electric raking and ore drawing with ore pass raise"; patent CN104747190A discloses a mining method for upward layered filling of an intra-vein slope ramp, wherein three working faces, namely a rock drilling working face, a mine removal working face and a filling working face, are parallel and alternately perform stope layered operation, and the above patent has the defects of large engineering quantity, low production capacity and the like.
Hitherto, in the prior art, downward holes or upward holes are generally adopted to drill and drop ores uniformly, and the method is applied to thin ore veins, and has the defects of large engineering quantity of roadway mining accuracy, large mining-cutting ratio and the like.
Therefore, the development of a middle-section bidirectional rock drilling centralized ore removal mining method is particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a middle section bidirectional rock drilling centralized ore removal mining method, which can improve the middle section height and the ore block production capacity, reduce the engineering quantity of a mining standard roadway, shorten the mining standard time of the ore block and reduce the mining cut ratio and the mining cost.
The task of the invention is completed by the following technical scheme:
a middle section bidirectional rock drilling centralized ore removal mining method aims at a steep thin ore vein and comprises but is not limited to the following steps:
A. dividing an upper middle section ore body, the middle section ore body and a lower middle section ore body in a mining area in sequence, mining the middle section from bottom to top (mining the lower middle section first, and then mining the upper middle section for stoping), dividing the middle section ore body into a ore removal level, a rock drilling level and a filling level in sequence from bottom to top according to the vertical height, and constructing a filling drift lane, a rock drilling drift lane and an ore removal drift lane in the three levels to enter the ore body;
B. entering an ore body in a horizontal medium-length hole in the filling and vein-crossing roadway construction, performing joint cutting blasting in the horizontal direction, and vertically dividing the middle-section ore body and the upper middle-section ore body;
C. filling and reserving a vertical space as a middle-section ore removal roadway in a lower middle-section goaf at the ore removal level;
D. constructing an intravein rock drilling gallery in the rock drilling level, and constructing an upward hole and a downward hole in the intravein rock drilling gallery to the filling level and the ore removal level respectively to perform groove drawing and extraction;
E. after the stoping is finished, filling retaining walls are constructed at the rock drilling level and the ore removal level, and non-roof filling is carried out through a filling horizontal drift-through roadway to reserve a vertical space as an upper middle ore removal roadway;
F. and (3) carrying out joint cutting blasting at the upper middle section filling level, constructing a rock drilling gallery in the rock drilling level, and forming a production system by utilizing the ore removal gallery reserved in the middle section goaf at the ore removal level and carrying out stoping operation according to the middle section process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages or effects:
1. because the upward hole and the downward hole are simultaneously constructed in the rock drilling roadway, the middle section height and the ore block production capacity are improved;
2. because the top of the goaf is filled and the roadway is reserved, the mining time of the ore blocks is shortened, and the engineering quantity, the mining cut ratio and the mining cost of the standard roadway are reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mid-section bidirectional rock drilling centralized ore removal mining method provided by the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the upper mid-section recovery of the present invention.
In the drawings, the reference symbols respectively denote:
a. the method comprises the steps of an upper middle-section ore body b, a middle-section ore body c, a lower middle-section ore body 1, a filling drift lane 2, a horizontal direction joint cutting 3, a rock drilling drift lane 4, an intra-vein rock drilling drift lane 5, an upward hole 6, a downward hole 7, a cutting groove 8, a ore removal drift lane 9, an intra-vein ore removal drift lane 10, a filling body 11, a filling retaining wall 12 and an ore body
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-2, a mid-section bidirectional rock drilling centralized ore removal mining method for steep thin veins includes but is not limited to:
A. dividing an upper middle section ore body (a), a middle section ore body (b) and a lower middle section ore body (c) in a mining area in sequence, mining the middle section from bottom to top (firstly mining the lower middle section, and then mining the upper middle section), dividing the middle section ore body (b) in sequence into a ore removal level, a rock drilling level and a filling level according to the vertical height from bottom to top, and constructing a filling vein-penetrating lane (1), a rock drilling vein-penetrating lane (3) and an ore removal vein-penetrating lane (8) at the three levels to enter the ore body;
B. constructing a horizontal medium-length hole in a filling drift (1), entering an ore body, carrying out lancing (2) blasting in the horizontal direction, and vertically dividing the middle ore body (b) and the upper middle ore body (a);
C. filling and reserving a vertical space as a middle-section ore removal roadway in a lower middle-section goaf at the ore removal level;
D. constructing an intravein rock drilling gallery (4) in the rock drilling level, and constructing an upward hole (5) and a downward hole (6) in the intravein rock drilling gallery (4) to the filling level and the ore removal level respectively to carry out groove drawing and recovery;
E. after the stoping is finished, constructing a filling retaining wall (11) at the rock drilling level and the ore removal level, and performing non-roof filling through a filling horizontal drift-through roadway (1) to reserve a vertical space as an upper middle ore removal roadway;
F. and (3) carrying out joint cutting blasting at the upper middle section filling level, constructing a rock drilling gallery (4) in the rock drilling level, and forming a production system by utilizing a ore removal gallery reserved in the middle section goaf at the ore removal level and carrying out mining operation according to the middle section process.
The method of the invention may further be:
to save the amount of the pulse-through engineering, three are usedVein-through laneRoadAnd (1), mining ore blocks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the trend, and the ore blocks on two sides are mined simultaneously or mined on the other side after single-side mining and filling according to the stability of the top plate of the ore body (12).
In order to improve the flatness of the bottom plate of the ore removal gallery reserved in the empty area and reduce the requirement of filling strength, a broken stone or concrete cushion is paved on the bottom plate of the in-vein ore removal gallery (9).
And an upward hole (5) and a downward hole (6) constructed in the intravein rock drilling gallery (4) are synchronously blasted along the trend.
In order to further master the wide body occurrence form, the joint-cutting blasting hole for filling horizontal construction is also used as an ore exploration hole.
During the stoping of the middle section ore body (b), a filling drift lane (1) is constructed at the top of the middle section and enters the ore body (12), and a horizontal lancing (2) formed by lancing blasting is constructed in the filling drift lane (1) in a horizontal lancing blasting hole to separate the middle section ore body (b) from the upper section ore body (a).
The filling drift lane (1) of the lower middle ore body (c) is used as the ore removal drift lane (8) of the middle ore body (b) at the bottom of the middle ore body (b), after the mining of the lower middle ore body (c) is finished, a 4m vertical space is reserved at the top of a goaf and used as an intra-vein ore removal drift lane (9) of the middle mining area (b), and in order to reduce the strength of the filling body, a crushed stone cushion layer with the thickness of 1m is laid on the bottom plate of the intra-vein ore removal drift (9).
The construction rock drilling vein-penetrating roadway (3) enters an ore body, the construction in-vein rock drilling gallery (4) is carried out, an upward hole (5) and a downward hole (6) are respectively constructed in the rock drilling gallery (4) and enter a horizontal joint-cutting (2) and a roof of an in-vein ore removal gallery (9), and after the boundary at two sides of the trend of the ore body is subjected to sectional blasting from bottom to top to form a cutting groove (7), the ore is fallen by adopting lateral blasting. Ore is removed in the intra-vein ore removal gallery (9) through a scraper.
In order to stabilize the top plate of the ore body (12), ore bodies on two sides of the three drift-through lanes (1, 3 and 8) retreat to the three drift-through lanes (1, 3 and 8) simultaneously.
In order to ensure safety, the upward hole (5) and the downward hole (6) are synchronously blasted in the horizontal direction until the recovery is finished.
And the horizontal cutting seam (2) is used for forming a linear top plate at the top when the upward hole (5) is blasted and stabilizing an ore removal gallery (9) in the next reserved upper middle section ore body (a).
Constructing a filling drift lane (1) and a horizontal joint cutting (2) at the top of the middle section ore body (b), constructing a rock drilling drift lane (3) and an intravein rock drilling drift lane (4) at the middle section, constructing an upward hole (5) and a downward hole (6) in the intravein rock drilling drift lane (4), and blasting ore falling and recovery.
After this middle section ore body (b) exploitation, with this middle section ore body (b) rock drilling vein-penetrating lane (3), ore removal vein-penetrating lane (8) application and fill barricade (11), carry out supreme filling from down to the collecting space area through this middle section ore body (b) fills vein-penetrating lane (1).
In the embodiment, the average thickness of the ore body is 2m, the average inclination angle is 70 degrees, the ore body is divided into middle sections according to the vertical height of 40m, a middle section gallery outside the vein is arranged in the middle sections, and the ore body enters through the vein. Referring to fig. 1, the middle section ore body (b) is mined, a filling vein-penetrating lane (1) is constructed at the top of the middle section and enters the ore body, a horizontal directional kerf blasting hole is constructed in the filling vein-penetrating lane (1) to perform kerf blasting to form a horizontal kerf (2), and the middle section ore body (b) and the upper section ore body (a) are separated. The filling drift lane (1) is used as the ore removal drift lane (8) of the middle section ore body (b) at the bottom of the middle section ore body (b), 4m of vertical space is reserved at the top of a goaf after the mining of the lower section ore body (c) is finished and is used as the ore removal drift lane (9) in the vein of the middle section development (b), and in order to reduce the strength of the filling body, a crushed stone cushion layer with the thickness of 1m is laid on the bottom plate of the ore removal drift lane (9) in the vein. The construction rock drilling vein-penetrating roadway (3) enters an ore body, the construction in-vein rock drilling gallery (4) is carried out, an upward hole (5) and a downward hole (6) are respectively constructed in the rock drilling gallery (4) and enter a horizontal joint-cutting (2) and a roof of an in-vein ore removal gallery (9), and after the boundary at two sides of the trend of the ore body is subjected to sectional blasting from bottom to top to form a cutting groove (7), the ore is fallen by adopting lateral blasting. Ore is removed in the intra-vein ore removal gallery (9) through a scraper. And the ore body roof is stable, ore bodies on two sides of the drift-through lanes (1, 3 and 8) retreat to the drift-through lanes (1, 3 and 8) simultaneously, and the upward hole (5) and the downward hole (6) are synchronously blasted in the horizontal direction for ensuring safety until the stoping is finished. Because the horizontal cutting seam (2) is constructed, a linear top plate is formed at the top when the upward hole (5) is blasted, the safety of a stope is ensured, and the stability of an ore removal gallery (9) in the vein of the upper middle-section ore body (a) is reserved next step is ensured. Referring to fig. 2, after the middle ore body (b) is mined, the rock drilling drift lane (3) and the ore removal drift lane (8) of the middle ore body (b) are used as filling retaining walls (11), filling is carried out from bottom to top to a goaf through the middle ore body (b) filling drift lane (1), and a 4m vertical space is reserved at the top to serve as an ore removal gallery in the upper middle ore body (a). According to the principle of the middle section ore body (b), a filling drift lane (1) and a horizontal cutting seam (2) are constructed at the top of the upper section ore body (a), a rock drilling drift lane (3) and an intra-drift rock drilling drift lane (4) are constructed at the middle section, an upward hole (5) and a downward hole (6) are constructed in the intra-drift rock drilling drift lane (4), and blasting ore falling and recovery are carried out.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized, and the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A middle section bidirectional rock drilling centralized ore removal mining method is aimed at a steep thin ore vein, and is characterized by comprising but not limited to the following steps:
A. dividing an upper middle section ore body (a), a middle section ore body (b) and a lower middle section ore body (c) in a mining area in sequence, mining the middle section from bottom to top (firstly mining the lower middle section, and then mining the upper middle section), dividing the middle section ore body (b) in sequence into a ore removal level, a rock drilling level and a filling level according to the vertical height from bottom to top, and constructing a filling vein-penetrating lane (1), a rock drilling vein-penetrating lane (3) and an ore removal vein-penetrating lane (8) at the three levels to enter the ore body;
B. constructing a horizontal medium-length hole in a filling drift (1), entering an ore body, carrying out lancing (2) blasting in the horizontal direction, and vertically dividing the middle ore body (b) and the upper middle ore body (a);
C. filling and reserving a vertical space as a middle-section ore removal roadway in a lower middle-section goaf at the ore removal level;
D. constructing an intravein rock drilling gallery (4) in the rock drilling level, and constructing an upward hole (5) and a downward hole (6) in the intravein rock drilling gallery (4) to the filling level and the ore removal level respectively to carry out groove drawing and recovery;
E. after the stoping is finished, constructing a filling retaining wall (11) at the rock drilling level and the ore removal level, and performing non-roof filling through a filling horizontal drift-through roadway (1) to reserve a vertical space as an upper middle ore removal roadway;
F. and (3) carrying out joint cutting blasting at the upper middle section filling level, constructing a rock drilling gallery (4) in the rock drilling level, and forming a production system by utilizing a ore removal gallery reserved in the middle section goaf at the ore removal level and carrying out mining operation according to the middle section process.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the three thoroughfare lanes are arranged to save the amount of thoroughfare workRoadAnd (1), mining ore blocks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the trend, and the ore blocks on two sides are mined simultaneously or mined on the other side after single-side mining and filling according to the stability of the top plate of the ore body (12).
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that for improving the flatness of the floor of the ore removal level provided in the gob and for reducing the filling strength requirement, a layer of crushed stone or concrete is laid on the floor of the ore removal level (9) in the gob.
4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the upward (5) and downward (6) holes made in the intravein rock-drilling drifts (4) are blasted synchronously in the run direction.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the horizontally constructed filled slotted blast hole is also used as a mine hole for further grasping the wide body occurrence.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mining of the mid-section ore body (b) is carried out by constructing a filling tunnel (1) at the top of the mid-section to enter the ore body (12), and constructing a horizontal lancing blast hole in the filling tunnel (1) to perform lancing blasting to form a horizontal lance (2) for separating the mid-section ore body (b) from the upper mid-section ore body (a).
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the drift (1) is filled with the lower middle ore body (c) at the bottom of the middle ore body (b) to be used as the ore removal drift (8) of the middle ore body (b), 4m of vertical space is reserved at the top of the goaf after the mining of the lower middle ore body (c) is finished to be used as the intra-vein ore removal drift (9) of the middle mining area (b), and a 1 m-thick gravel cushion is paved on the bottom plate of the intra-vein ore removal drift (9) to reduce the strength of the filling body.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rock drilling drift (3) is constructed to enter an ore body, a rock drilling drift (4) in the drift is constructed, an upward hole (5) and a downward hole (6) are constructed in the rock drilling drift (4) to respectively enter a horizontal kerf (2) and a top plate of an ore drawing drift (9), and after boundary at two sides of the ore body moving direction is blasted from bottom to top to form a cutting groove (7), ore falling is carried out by adopting lateral blasting. Ore is removed in the intra-vein ore removal gallery (9) through a scraper.
9. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that for stabilizing the roof of the ore body (12), the ore bodies on both sides of the three drift ways (1, 3, 8) are simultaneously extracted towards the three drift ways (1, 3, 8).
10. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that for safety reasons the upward hole (5) and the downward hole (6) are blasted synchronously in the horizontal direction until the recovery is finished.
11. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal cutting (2) is adapted to stabilize the run-out level (9) of the upper median (a) by forming a straight roof at the top of the blast of the upward hole (5) and by subsequently reserving the upper median (a).
12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a filling drift (1) and a horizontal kerf (2) are constructed on the top of the middle ore body (b), a rock drilling drift (3) and an intravein rock drilling drift (4) are constructed on the middle section, and an upward hole (5) and a downward hole (6) are constructed in the intravein rock drilling drift (4) for blasting ore falling and recovery.
13. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 12, wherein after the mining of the middle ore body (b) is finished, the rock drilling vein-penetrating lane (3) and the ore removal vein-penetrating lane (8) of the middle ore body (b) are used as filling retaining walls (11), and the goaf is filled from bottom to top through the filling vein-penetrating lane (1) of the middle ore body (b).
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