CN114158608A - 一种青椒采后绿色冷害控制保鲜剂及其使用方法 - Google Patents
一种青椒采后绿色冷害控制保鲜剂及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种青椒采后绿色冷害控制保鲜剂及其使用方法。所述保鲜剂为质量百分含量为0.005‰~0.01‰的芦丁水溶液。本发明使用的保鲜剂为天然植物提取的活性物质,绿色安全;使用本发明提供的方法进行青椒冷害抑控,保鲜剂的组分在用量上均在标准范围之内,无安全隐患。在本发明提供的保鲜剂及保鲜方法,可有效延缓青椒冷害发生时间,抑制青椒冷害发生率和冷害指数的升高,保持较好的冷藏品质,延长冷害发生时间2~3d。而且,本发明操作简单快速,溶液简单易配制,便于实际生产的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种青椒采后冷害控制技术,具体涉及一种青椒采后绿色冷害控制保鲜剂及其使用方法,属于农产品贮藏保鲜技术领域。
背景技术
青椒又称菜椒、甜椒,为茄科辣椒属草本植物,含有丰富的营养物质,具有开胃消食、降压减脂和抗氧化等功效。由于青椒含水量高,采后于常温下存放代谢旺盛,具有较高的呼吸强度和蒸腾速率,极易失水萎蔫,导致其商品性大大降低,造成严重的经济损失。低温是一种有效的延长青椒保鲜期和保持其贮藏品质的有效方式之一,可降低青椒果实采后生理代谢,但青椒是一种冷敏性蔬菜,当贮藏温度低于8℃时即发生冷害,出现果面水渍凹陷、花萼褐变、果实发软、变色等冷害症状,严重影响其外观和食用品质。
目前,有研究者提出了一些青椒冷害抑制和防控保鲜技术,例如专利《谷氨酸钙的应用、冷敏果蔬采后冷害抑控保鲜剂及其使用方法》(申请号:CN201910756545.8)公开了一种谷氨酸钙在减缓果蔬采后冷害方面中的应用和冷敏果蔬采后冷害抑控保鲜剂,谷氨酸钙的使用浓度为0.1g/L-10g/L;专利《一种青椒保鲜剂》(申请号:CN201410214221.9)公开了一种青椒保鲜剂,各组分质量分数及组成:50~70%柠檬酸、15~45%乙酰化单甘油脂肪酸酯、5~20%动物源天然防腐剂、0.025~0.03%天然护色剂,1~5%营养强化剂及0.01~0.1%微量元素,各组分质量分数之和为100%。虽然上述方法均对青椒冷害的发生具有一定的延缓作用,但是这些方法多采用浸泡化学试剂等处理方式,给实际生产带来一定的困难,加之化学试剂保鲜给人们带来的食品安全恐慌,限制了其应用范围。因此,开发一种简洁高效绿色安全的保鲜剂延缓青椒冷害、腐烂等问题,延长其保鲜期及维持贮运过程中营养品质和商品价值迫在眉睫。
芦丁,又称维生素P,紫槲皮甙,可从芸香叶、烟叶、枣、杏、橙皮、番茄、荞麦花等中提取获得,主要用途为抗炎、抗病毒等,目前芦丁主要用于临床医学的使用,在果蔬贮藏保鲜中未有报道。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的是提供芦丁的一种新用途。
本发明所提供的芦丁的新用途为芦丁作为果蔬冷害控制保鲜剂的应用。
所述应用中,所述果蔬具体可为青椒。
本发明所述的“冷害控制”指的是在青椒低温冷藏中延缓青椒冷害的发生、发展速度(冷害指数)、维持外观品质、保持营养成分、抑制腐烂变质、延长保鲜期。
具体地,所述应用为芦丁在青椒低温冷藏中延缓青椒冷害的发生和发展及保持青椒低温冷藏品质中的应用。
本发明还提供一种绿色果蔬冷害控制保鲜剂。
本发明所提供的绿色果蔬冷害控制保鲜剂,为芦丁的水溶液;
所述保鲜剂中,芦丁的质量百分含量可为0.005‰~0.01‰,
其中,芦丁先用少量醇溶解(10mg需1ml乙醇即可溶解),然后在加水稀释至所需浓度。所配制的芦丁溶液现用现配,即将称量好的芦丁用少量乙醇溶解,然后直接倒入水中稀释成所需浓度,将提前挑选好的青椒放入溶液中浸泡处理;
本发明提供的保鲜剂的组成组分为食品级。
本发明进一步提供一种防控青椒冷害发生的低温冷藏保鲜方法。
本发明所提供的防控青椒冷害发生的低温冷藏保鲜方法,包括如下步骤:将新鲜采摘的青椒于所述冷害控制保鲜剂内浸泡处理,然后捞出晾干,用保鲜膜包装,于0~7℃下贮藏,即可。
上述方法中,新鲜采摘的青椒具体可为采摘后2~8小时内的青椒,选择条件如下:选择商业成熟度、色泽正常、无病虫害、无机械损伤的新鲜青椒;
上述方法中,浸泡处理的时间可为15~25min;
上述方法中,所述保鲜膜可为聚乙烯保鲜膜,所述聚乙烯保鲜膜可从商业途经购买获得,具体可购自北京华盾雪花塑料集团有限责任公司;
上述方法中,所述的聚乙烯保鲜膜的厚度可为0.02~0.06mm,具体为0.02~0.03mm、0.04~0.06mm、0.03mm或0.04mm,优选为0.04mm。
上述方法中,所述的冷害控制保鲜剂的用量为:每L所述冷害控制保鲜剂处理2.5~3kg青椒,使用量均在安全有效的标准范围之内。
本发明取得的优点和积极效果为:
本发明使用的保鲜剂为天然植物提取的活性物质,绿色安全;使用本发明提供的方法进行青椒冷害抑控,保鲜剂的组分在用量上均在标准范围之内,无安全隐患。在本发明提供的保鲜剂及保鲜方法,可有效延缓青椒冷害发生时间,抑制青椒冷害发生率和冷害指数的升高,保持较好的冷藏品质,延长冷害发生时间2~3d。而且,本发明操作简单快速,溶液简单易配制,便于实际生产的应用。
附图说明
图1为与对照相比,采用芦丁处理4d和6d后对青椒冷害的抑制效果表面凹陷症状表征图。
图2为4℃贮藏条件下对照组和芦丁处理组青椒果实冷害指数的变化。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
本发明提供一种果蔬冷害控制保鲜剂,为质量百分含量为0.005‰~0.01‰的芦丁水溶液。
本发明还提供一种防控青椒冷害发生的低温冷藏保鲜方法,包括如下步骤:将新鲜采摘的青椒于所述冷害控制保鲜剂内浸泡处理15~25min,然后捞出晾干,用保鲜膜包装,于0~7℃下贮藏,即可。
所述的低温冷藏保鲜剂的用量为:每L所述冷害控制保鲜剂处理2.5~3kg青椒,使用量均在安全有效的标准范围之内。
下述实施例中对处理后青椒的冷害发生率、冷害指数、相对电导率、MDA、叶绿素进行测定,测定标准和计算公式如下:
冷害发生的标准:果实表面出现水渍凹陷症状。冷害发生率的计算公式:冷害发生率(%)=发生冷害的果实数量/总的果实数量×100;
冷害指数评定标准:0级,无冷害症状;1级,冷害面积≤10%;2级,冷害面积在10%~20%之间;3级,冷害面积在2 0%~3 0%之间;4级,冷害面积在30%~50%之间;5级,冷害面积≥50%。冷害指数的计算公式:冷害指数(%)=Σ(级数×该级个数)/(最高级数×总个数)×100;
相对电导率测定:用直径1cm打孔器在10个青椒果实打孔,每个青椒果实取下2~3个圆片,蒸馏水冲洗3次,然后放在滤纸上晾干表面水分。称取2g的圆片于试管中,加入20mL蒸馏水,室温下放置10min,混匀测定其电导率L0,然后于100℃下煮沸10min,待试管冷却至室温后,定容至煮沸前的体积,再次测定其电导率L1。相对电导率(%)=(L0/L1)×100。
MDA含量采用分光光度法,分别测定450、532和600nm处的吸光值。
实施例1、采用本发明方法的保鲜剂对青椒进行处理
(1)青椒采摘于北京天安农业有限公司延庆基地,选择采摘后6小时内的商业成熟度、色泽正常、无病虫害、无机械损伤的新鲜青椒;
(2)配制保鲜剂芦丁溶液,其浓度分别为0.005‰、0.01‰、0.02‰和0.04‰;
(3)将步骤(1)挑选的青椒均分为5组,其中的4组分别放置于步骤(2)中配制的不同浓度的保鲜剂内,浸泡20min,取出沥干表面水分后放于0.04mm PE保鲜膜包装,然后于0℃冷库暗处贮藏。
对照组:将步骤(3)中未处理的一组青椒,以未含有芦丁的溶液浸泡作为对照,其操作如步骤(3)。
本实施例中,不同浓度保鲜剂对青椒冷害的抑制效果如表1所示,0.01‰芦丁可有效的抑制青椒冷害的发生,保持较好的外观品质和营养品质。
表1不同浓度保鲜剂对青椒冷害的抑制效果
由表1的数据可知,0.01‰浓度的芦丁溶液对青椒冷害的抑制效果最好,相对对照,冷害发生率降低33%,冷害指数降低10%。
实施例2、采用0.01‰浓度的芦丁溶液对青椒进行处理
处理方法与实施例1中相同,其中不同的为保鲜剂的浓度只设置0.01‰,贮藏温度为4℃。
对照组:处理方法与实施例1中相同。
本实施例中,与对照组相比,保鲜剂对青椒冷害的抑制效果如图1、图2(冷害指数如图2所示)和表2所示,该浓度保鲜剂可有效的抑制青椒冷害的发生,延缓冷害指数的发展、保持较好的外观品质和营养品质。
表2保鲜剂对青椒冷害的抑制效果
注:表1和表2所用青椒批次不同,贮藏温度也不同,但表1、表2中平行实验间采用同批次青椒相同的贮藏温度。
由图2及表2中数据可知,0.01‰浓度的芦丁溶液能有效抑制青椒冷害的发生,延缓冷害的发展,抑制冷害指数的升高。
以上所述仅为本发明的一些实施而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡是在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.芦丁作为果蔬冷害控制保鲜剂的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述果蔬为青椒。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于:所述应用为芦丁在青椒低温冷藏中延缓青椒冷害的发生和发展及保持青椒低温冷藏品质中的应用。
4.一种果蔬冷害控制保鲜剂,为芦丁的水溶液,所述保鲜剂中,芦丁的质量百分含量为0.005‰~0.01‰。
5.一种防控青椒冷害发生的低温冷藏保鲜方法,包括如下步骤:将新鲜采摘的青椒于所述冷害控制保鲜剂内浸泡处理,然后捞出晾干,用保鲜膜包装,于0~7℃下贮藏,即可。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:浸泡处理的时间为15~25min;
所述保鲜膜为聚乙烯保鲜膜;所述聚乙烯保鲜膜的厚度为0.02~0.06mm。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的冷害控制保鲜剂的用量为:每L所述冷害控制保鲜剂处理2.5~3kg青椒。
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