CN114151090A

CN114151090A - Disassembling and transporting method of TBM for two opposite constructions

Info

Publication number: CN114151090A
Application number: CN202111476911.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄江帆; 廖建炜; 彭治元
Original assignee: China Railway 18th Bureau Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: China Railway 18th Bureau Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-06
Filing date: 2021-12-06
Publication date: 2022-03-08
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-06
Also published as: CN114151090B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for disassembling and transporting two TBMs for opposite construction, which comprises the following steps: step 1: determining the disassembly sequence of the two TBMs to obtain a first-disassembly-side TBM and a second-disassembly-side TBM; step 2: determining a specific size of the disassembly cavern; and step 3: constructing the disassembly cavern, including excavating and supporting the disassembly cavern; and 4, step 4: installing hoisting equipment in the disassembly cavern; and 5: removing the transportation obstacle of the first-disassembled side transportation line and adjusting the transportation track; step 6: disassembling and transporting the side-disassembled TBM; and 7: and selecting a rear disassembly side transportation line and performing disassembly and transportation of the rear disassembly side TBM. The invention avoids the arrangement of branch holes in the traditional method, reduces the construction cost, shortens the construction period, can more quickly disassemble the TBM, can repeatedly utilize the disassembled cavern, saves resources and has high construction efficiency.

Description

Disassembling and transporting method of TBM for two opposite constructions

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a method for disassembling and transporting two opposite-construction TBMs (tunnel boring machines) in the same tunnel.

Background

In recent years, the infrastructure scale of China is continuously enlarged, tunnel engineering projects are more and more, and the application of Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) is more and more extensive. TBM is developed rapidly in China for more than 30 years, and the design and manufacture level and the construction level of the TBM are comprehensively improved and become mature day by day.

The existing dismounting method of the TBM after the tunneling construction is finished can be divided into two methods of in-tunnel dismounting and out-tunnel dismounting according to the dismounting position. When the geological conditions of the tunnel exit are better, the tunnel exit is usually disassembled outside the tunnel, and when the geological conditions of the tunnel exit are poorer and the traffic access is not convenient to add, the tunnel exit is usually disassembled inside the tunnel. In the construction of a long tunnel, the situation that two TBMs are constructed oppositely is often faced, a branch tunnel method in a tunnel inner disassembling method is generally adopted at present, and the opening of the branch tunnel is greatly influenced by geological conditions, the construction period is long, and the construction cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for disassembling and transporting two opposite TBMs (tunnel boring machines), which aims to solve the problems that two opposite TBMs in the same tunnel need to be provided with branch holes in the disassembling process, are greatly influenced by geological conditions, have long construction period and are high in engineering cost.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention discloses a method for disassembling and transporting two opposite-construction TBMs, which aims at the disassembling and transporting of two opposite-construction TBMs in the same tunnel; the method comprises the following steps:

step 1: determining the disassembly sequence of the two TBMs according to the engineering geological condition, the equipment condition and the construction progress to obtain a first-disassembly-side TBM and a second-disassembly-side TBM;

step 2: determining the mileage position of a disassembly cavern according to the engineering geological condition, and determining the specific size of the disassembly cavern according to the sizes of two TBMs;

and step 3: constructing the disassembly cavern, including excavating and supporting the disassembly cavern;

and 4, step 4: after the step 3 is completed, installing hoisting equipment in the disassembly cavern;

and 5: removing the transportation obstacle of the first-disassembled side transportation line and adjusting the transportation track;

step 6: disassembling and transporting the side-disassembled TBM;

and 7: and selecting a rear disassembly side transportation line and performing disassembly and transportation of the rear disassembly side TBM.

Further, the length of the disassembly cavern is 30-50 m, and the height of the disassembly cavern is larger than the maximum height required by hoisting.

Further, the dismantling cavern in the step 3 comprises an expanding excavation section and a blasting section, and the step 3 comprises the following steps:

step 3.1: tunneling the TBM on the first dismantling side to a stop point, and then withdrawing for 5-10 m to leave a construction space of the expanded excavation section;

step 3.2: excavating and supporting the expanded excavation section, wherein muck generated by excavation firstly enters the cutter head and then is conveyed out of the tunnel through the conveying device;

step 3.3: and excavating and supporting the drilling and blasting section, wherein muck generated by excavation firstly enters the cutter head and then is conveyed out of the hole through the conveying device.

Further, the conveying device in the step 3.2 and the step 3.3 is a continuous belt conveyor or a mine car.

And further, the hoisting equipment in the step 4 is selected according to the models of two TBMs, a large TBM is selected from a crane, and a small TBM is selected from the roof of the disassembly cavern to be applied as an anchoring hoisting point.

Further, the step 3 and the step 5 can be performed simultaneously, and the step 4 and the step 5 can be performed simultaneously.

Furthermore, the side-dismantling transportation line is arranged on one side of the side TBM, and the side-dismantling transportation rail is arranged in parallel to the central axis of the tunnel.

Further, the step 6 comprises the following steps:

step 6.1: the TBM on the side is firstly dismounted and then matched with the TBM for dismounting and transporting;

step 6.2: and disassembling and transporting the TBM host on the disassembly-first side.

Further, the step 7 further comprises the following steps:

step 7.1: selecting a first-dismantling-side transportation line to transport the post-dismantling-side TBM;

step 7.2: the rear dismantling side TBM enters the dismantling cavern;

step 7.3: disassembling and transporting the rear disassembling side TBM host;

step 7.4: carrying out matched disassembly and transportation after the rear disassembly side TBM, or directly carrying out matched integral transportation after the rear disassembly side TBM without carrying out disassembly;

the step 7 can be either the step of,

step 7.1: selecting a transport line on one side of the rear dismantling side TBM as a rear dismantling side transport line;

step 7.2: the rear dismantling side TBM enters a dismantling area;

step 7.3: removing transportation obstacles of a rear dismantling side transportation line and adjusting a transportation track;

step 7.5: and disassembling and transporting the TBM host on the rear disassembling side.

Further, the running speed of the transport locomotive for transporting the TBM is kept within 15 km/h.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

firstly, the invention avoids the arrangement of branch holes in the traditional method, reduces the construction cost, shortens the construction period and can more quickly disassemble and transport two TBMs.

Secondly, the two TBMs can be disassembled only by arranging one disassembling chamber, so that the disassembling chamber is recycled, the cost input is reduced, and the resources are saved.

Thirdly, the original TBM is used for discharging the residues during excavation and slag discharge of the disassembled cavern, the two TBMs can be transported by the same transportation line after disassembly, the workload of removing transportation obstacles is greatly reduced, and the construction efficiency is remarkably improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of two TBMs and a disassembly chamber in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the removal position and transportation route of the first-removal-side TBM according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the removal location and transportation route of the rear-removal-side TBM in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

1-removing a side TBM; 11-removing a side TBM host machine firstly; 12-detaching a side TBM and then matching; 2-rear dismantling side TBM; 21-rear dismounting side TBM host; 22-matching after removing the TBM at the side; 3-disassembling the cavern; 31-a stop position; 32-a retracted position; 4-first dismantling the side transportation line; 51-rear dismantling side transport line (one); and (2) detaching the side transportation line (II) after 52.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described in the following by means of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a method for disassembling and transporting two opposite TBMs, comprising the steps of:

step 1: and determining the disassembly sequence of the two TBMs according to the engineering geological condition, the equipment condition and the construction progress to obtain a first-disassembly-side TBM1 and a second-disassembly-side TBM 2. Fig. 2 shows an orientation schematic of the first-dismantling-side TBM1, the second-dismantling-side TBM2 and the dismantling cavern 3 before dismantling, in which the first-dismantling-side TBM1 is tunneled in the X direction, the second-dismantling-side TBM2 is tunneled in the-X direction, and the first-dismantling-side TBM1 and the second-dismantling-side TBM2 are constructed oppositely.

Step 2: and determining the mileage position of the disassembly cavern 3 according to the engineering geological condition, the engineering cost and the transportation convenience, and determining the specific size of the disassembly cavern 3 according to the sizes of the two TBMs. The mileage orientation of the disassembly cavern 3 meets the following requirements: (1) the geological conditions are convenient for the excavation construction of the detachable cavern 3 and meet the strength requirement in the construction process; (2) the requirement of the whole project progress is met to the maximum extent, and the construction period is guaranteed; (3) consider the equipment conditions of two TBMs in opposite construction.

And step 3: the construction of detaching the cavern 3 is carried out, including excavation and supporting of detaching the cavern 3;

and 4, step 4: and after the step 3 is completed, installing hoisting equipment in the disassembly chamber 3.

And 5: the transport obstacles of the first dismantling side transport line 4 are eliminated and the transport track is adjusted.

Step 6: disassembly and transport first-disassembly side TBM 1;

and 7: a rear demolition side transport line is selected and demolition and transport of the rear demolition side TBM2 is performed. The rear-dismantling-side transportation line has two options, one is the first-dismantling-side transportation line 4, namely the rear-dismantling-side transportation line (one) 51, and the other is the transportation line in the tunneling process of the rear-dismantling-side TBM2, namely the rear-dismantling-side transportation line (two) 52.

In this embodiment, the length of the disassembly cavern 3 is 30m, 40m or 50m, and the height of the disassembly cavern 3 is greater than the maximum height required for hoisting. In other embodiments, the length of the disassembly cavern 3 is any value between 30m and 50 m.

In this embodiment, detaching the cavern 3 in step 3 includes expanding and digging a section and blasting a section, and step 3 includes the following steps:

step 3.1: and (3) tunneling the first-dismantling side TBM1 to the stop position 31, then retreating by 10m to the retreating position 32, and reserving construction space of the excavation expanding section, wherein in other embodiments, the retreating distance is any value of 5-10 m.

In this embodiment, the conveying device in step 3.2 and step 3.3 is a continuous belt conveyor, and in other embodiments, the conveying device may also be a mine car.

In this embodiment, the hoisting equipment in step 4 is selected according to the models of the two TBMs, the large TBM is selected as the traveling crane, and the small TBM is selected as the anchoring hoisting point on the roof of the detached cavern 3.

In this embodiment, step 3 and step 5 can be performed simultaneously, and step 4 and step 5 can be performed simultaneously.

In this embodiment, tear side transportation route open earlier and establish and tear side TBM1 one side open earlier, tear side transportation track open earlier and tunnel axis parallel arrangement.

In this embodiment, step 6 includes the following steps:

step 6.1: disassembling and transporting the side TBM firstly and then the matching 12;

in other embodiments, the first-to-dismount TBM and then the kit 12 itself may not be dismounted, and transported out of the tunnel along the first-to-dismount TBM1 transportation track, towed by a transportation locomotive.

Step 6.2: and (4) disassembling and transporting the first-disassembling-side TBM main machine 11.

In this embodiment, step 7 further includes the following steps:

step 7.1: selecting a side-dismantling TBM2 after the side-dismantling transportation line 4 is transported;

step 7.2: the rear dismantling side TBM2 enters the dismantling chamber 3;

step 7.3: disassembling and transporting the TBM main machine 21 at the rear disassembling side;

step 7.4: the disassembly and transportation of the rear disassembly side TBM rear matching 22 are carried out, or the integral transportation of the rear disassembly side TBM rear matching 22 is directly carried out without disassembly;

this scheme selection only needs to set up one and dismantles cavern 3 and can dismantle two TBMs, has carried out reuse to dismantling cavern 3, and reduce cost drops into, resources are saved.

Step 7 is either a step of, or is,

step 7.1: selecting a transport line on one side of a rear dismantling side TBM2 as a rear dismantling side transport line;

step 7.2: rear tear side TBM2 enters the tear down zone;

step 7.5: and (5) disassembling and transporting the rear disassembling side TBM main machine 21.

In the embodiment, the running speed of the transport locomotive for transporting the TBM is kept within 15km/h, mainly for ensuring the transportation safety and avoiding the sliding of the transport parts.

Taking a tunnel project on a certain mountain as an example, two open TBMs with the diameter of 7.9m are oppositely constructed in a certain section of the tunnel, the TBMs are all conveyed to an assembly cavern through a branch hole, are assembled in the tunnel and are driven in the inlet direction after debugging is finished, and a branch hole fixing belt conveyor and a main hole continuous belt conveyor are adopted for deslagging. The TBM construction section is located in a mountain area with ridges on mountains and has fluctuant topography. The elevation range is 1070 to 2150m, and the maximum burial depth of the cavern is about 1900 m.

By a certain day of 2020, two TBMs and engineering profiles are as follows:

(1) method for selecting mileage position of disassembly cavern and TBM (tunnel boring machine) stopping method

Combining factors such as engineering contract, construction progress, TBM construction efficiency and geology, the construction progress and efficiency of the 1# TBM are obviously higher than those of the 2# TBM, the condition of 2 TBM devices is not greatly different, the urgency of the construction period is considered, the 1# TBM is determined by research to finish the contract section and then continuously tunnel for 2km to shut down, and the cavern is constructed and disassembled, namely the 1# TBM is the side TBM which is firstly disassembled, and the cavern is disassembled by the side constructor;

(2) construction for disassembling cavern

The TBM is a cutter head in the largest size and the largest weight, in order to meet the hoisting requirements, the length of the disassembly cavern is 40m, the height of the disassembly cavern is 12m, the 1# TBM finishes the task of a receiving section (2km) and is withdrawn for 6m, and the construction and disassembly cavern are started.

Because the tail part of the TBM is provided with continuous belts, an air duct, water pipes and cables, a part of steel arch is arranged behind the shield, a support (each section is 3m) with 2 sections of continuous belts needs to be dismantled before the 1# TBM is withdrawn backwards, 4 steel arches are dismantled, the area of the dismantled steel arch is anchored and sprayed and reinforced, the air duct is provided with a special person to be recycled to the air storage duct in the TBM withdrawing process, and the water pipes and the cables are recycled through reels in the TBM withdrawing process.

Drilling and blasting for expanding and excavating within 6m of the front end of the cutter head after the # 1 TBM is withdrawn, and slag discharged by the cutter head is manually transported to enter the cutter head because the cutter head is close to the cutter head; other areas (34m) of the disassembly cavern are excavated by drilling and blasting, and a simple belt is arranged in front of the cutter head to improve the slag discharging efficiency. The residue soil entering the cutter head is conveyed out of the hole through the continuous belt conveyor.

(3) Dismounting and mounting of hoisting equipment in cavern

After the excavation of the disassembly cavern is finished, installing hoisting equipment, and firstly, selecting and checking the type of the hoisting equipment;

a host part: the maximum weight part is a cutter head, the weight of a cutter contained in the cutter head is 168 tons, the safety of hoisting operation is guaranteed by considering the hoisting performance and the length of a steel wire rope of hoisting equipment, 2 main lifting hooks with the rated hoisting capacity of 80 tons are selected, 2 auxiliary lifting hooks with the weight of 10 tons are additionally arranged, and the dead weight of the main lifting hooks, the weight of a rope tool and the like is about 4.5 tons. And meets the safety requirement.

A rear matching part: the rear matching total length is 152m, eight trolleys are provided, the weight is light, the integral disassembly is not carried out, and the detached part and the hole wall interference equipment are transported out through the existing trolley track.

(4) Removing obstacles of transportation line

In the process of dismounting the hoisting equipment for the cavern, arranging a specially-assigned person to dismount the rear transportation obstacle, and showing in a table 1;

table 1 list of exclusion of transportation obstacle

After the transportation obstacle is eliminated, the track is checked to be smooth and straight, and the transportation process is prevented from falling.

(5)1# TBM disassembly

After the hoisting equipment is installed in the disassembly cavern, the 1# TBM is stepped to a disassembly area, a distance of 10m is reserved between the cutter head and the end part of the disassembly cavern, and the disassembly equipment is placed.

The main machine part is hoisted and disassembled through a traveling crane and mainly comprises a main beam, a rear support, a supporting shoe, a main driving motor, a main driving gearbox, a shield, a main bearing, a cutter head and the like; and the number of matched dismantling devices is small.

(6) Transport of # 1 TBM

The rear matched trolley wheel is additionally provided with a track falling prevention clamping plate and is directly pulled by a locomotive to be transported out of the hole through the original trolley track; the main machine part is disassembled and transported immediately, and is hoisted to the outside of the plate trailer transportation hole by the traveling crane.

During transportation, a special person is arranged to follow the vehicle (a part with large size and heavy weight), and the running speed of the locomotive is kept within 15 km/h.

(7) The 2# TBM (rear dismantling side TBM) enters the dismantling area

And the 2# TBM normally tunnels in the dismounting process of the 1# TBM, after the 1# TBM is dismounted, the 2# TBM directly enters a dismounting hole area, and the 2# TBM stops from the cutter head to the 10m position of the end part of the dismounting hole like the 1# TBM.

(8)2# TBM disassembly and transportation

The disassembly of the 2# TBM is the same as that of the 1# TBM, the transportation is smooth based on the 1# TBM, so the transportation is selected from the 1# TBM construction area, the 2# TBM is opposite to the 1# TBM, the main machine part is transported firstly, and then the auxiliary trolley is transported.

The invention has the following positive technical effects:

(1) the branch-hole-free dismounting and transporting method of two TBMs constructed in opposite directions in the same tunnel is suitable for dismounting and transporting 2 TBMs constructed in opposite directions in the same tunnel under the condition of no branch hole. Firstly, the invention provides a dismounting and transporting method without branch holes, which avoids higher branch hole cost and solves the problem that the branch holes of many mountain tunnels with severe environments are difficult to construct and even can not be constructed.

(2) According to the method, after mileage positions for detaching the cavern and the detaching sequence of the two TBMs are selected, 2 TBMs constructed in opposite directions can be realized, the TBM on the rear detaching side is normally tunneled, the cavern is detached by detaching the TBM on the first side, and the engineering progress is greatly accelerated; and 2 TBMs share the same disassembly cavern for disassembly, thereby avoiding repeated construction and disassembly caverns and reducing the cost investment for disassembling the caverns; the host can be synchronously disassembled with the rear support in the disassembling process, so that the disassembling progress of the TBM is accelerated, and the construction period is saved.

(3) According to the second step of the invention, the cave is disassembled, the original TBM is utilized to excavate and slag out of the disassembled cave, the construction efficiency of the disassembled cave is greatly improved, and the problems of long slag-out distance, low efficiency and the like in the traditional cave disassembling construction are solved.

(4) In the eighth step of the invention, the rear dismantling side TBM prefers the second transportation route, and the transportation obstacle is cleared away by the front dismantling side TBM, so that the workload of the rear dismantling side TBM for clearing the transportation obstacle is avoided, the transportation efficiency can be greatly improved, and the transportation risk is reduced.

Claims

1. A method for disassembling and transporting two TBMs for opposite construction aims at disassembling and transporting two TBMs for opposite construction in the same tunnel; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 6: disassembling and transporting the side-disassembled TBM;

2. The method for disassembling and transporting two opposite TBMs according to claim 1, wherein the disassembling chamber has a length of 30-50 m, and the height of the disassembling chamber is greater than the maximum height required for hoisting.

3. The method for disassembling and transporting two facing TBMs according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the disassembling chamber in step 3 comprises an expanding excavation section and a blasting section, and the step 3 comprises the following steps:

4. A method of disassembly and transportation of a TBM for two opposite jobs according to claim 3 characterised in that the conveyors in step 3.2 and step 3.3 are continuous belt conveyors or mine cars.

5. The method for disassembling and transporting two opposite TBMs according to claim 1, wherein the hoisting equipment in step 4 is selected according to the types of the two TBMs, a traveling crane is selected for the large TBM, and a small TBM is selected to be used as an anchoring hoisting point at the top of the disassembling chamber.

6. The method for disassembling and transporting two TBMs constructed in opposite directions according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 and the step 5 can be performed simultaneously, and the step 4 and the step 5 can be performed simultaneously.

7. The method of disassembling and transporting two TBMs for construction in opposite directions, according to claim 1, wherein the disassembly-first transportation route is provided on the side of the disassembly-first TBM.

8. The method for disassembling and transporting two facing TBMs of claim 1, wherein said step 6 comprises the steps of:

9. The method for disassembling and transporting two facing TBMs of claim 1, wherein said step 7 further comprises the steps of:

step 7.2: the rear dismantling side TBM enters the dismantling cavern;

step 7.3: disassembling and transporting the rear disassembling side TBM host;

the step 7 can be either the step of,

step 7.2: the rear dismantling side TBM enters a dismantling area;

10. The method of disassembling and transporting two TBMs for construction toward each other as recited in claim 1, wherein the running speed of a transporting vehicle transporting the TBMs is maintained within 15 km/h.