CN114147227A - Bionic cutter based on bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall-layer structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bionic cutter based on bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall-layer structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A bionic cutter based on a bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure and a preparation method thereof relate to the technical field of mechanical metal cutting cutters and engineering bionics. The invention aims to solve the problem that the wear resistance and the toughness of the existing hard alloy cutter cannot be considered at the same time. The cutter comprises a cutter body, wherein the cutter body is in a circular ring shape, and the cutter body comprises an inner layer, a first transition layer, a second transition layer, a third transition layer and an outer wear-resistant layer which are fixedly connected from inside to outside in sequence. The invention is used for cutting processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical metal cutting tools and engineering bionics, in particular to a bionic tool based on a bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cutting machining is the most widely applied machining technology in the field of machining, and the cutter is used as a basic tool of the cutting machining, when the cutting machining works, the cutter is subjected to the friction action of workpieces and chips, so that the cutter material is gradually abraded or damaged, meanwhile, the cutter can bear larger impact force when cutting, and under the condition, the cutter is easy to break. Therefore, improving the wear resistance and fracture toughness of the tool is one of the key issues in tool design.
Bamboo possesses excellent mechanical properties, called "plant steel", which is 2-3 times stronger than high-quality steel, and also has extremely excellent resistance to striation damage, while also having excellent bending ductility. The bamboo will not break even if it is pressed by wind and snow to bend greatly during growth. From the above, bamboo integrates high toughness, high strength, high ductility and proper rigidity, and is perfectly analyzed from the aspect of mechanics. Through a large number of researches, the cell wall is a basic bearing unit of the bamboo fiber cell, and has a micro-nano structure (different from a typical three-layer structure of a wood fiber secondary wall) formed by compounding a multi-wall layer structure, namely a primary wall and a plurality of secondary walls with alternating thicknesses, which are specific to bamboo plants, as shown in figures 1 and 2 (Chenhong, bamboo fiber cell wall structure characteristic research [ D ]. China forestry scientific research institute, 2014), and the structure endows the fiber cell with the characteristics of strong rigidity, high toughness and stable performance, and is also a basis of excellent macroscopic mechanical properties of bamboos.
In cutting process, the internal organization structure of the conventional hard alloy (WC-Co) cutter is uniform, and the mechanical properties are consistent, but the hard alloy cutter with the uniform structure has the contradiction that the wear resistance and the toughness are difficult to be reconciled, namely when the content of WC in the hard alloy is reduced and the content of Co is increased to enhance the toughness, the wear resistance of the hard alloy cutter is reduced; conversely, when the content of WC in the cemented carbide is increased and the content of Co is decreased to improve the wear resistance, the toughness of the cemented carbide is decreased. In addition, the cemented carbide tool requires high wear resistance on the surface during use, but in order to withstand a large impact force and prevent cracks generated on the surface from diffusing inwards, certain toughness in the cemented carbide tool is required. In order to overcome the defect, if a hard alloy cutter with high wear resistance on the surface and high toughness in the middle can be prepared, the service life of the cutter can be greatly prolonged, so that a new method is provided for solving the problem that the wear resistance and the toughness of the hard alloy cutter can not be simultaneously considered by reasonably applying the multi-wall layer structure of the bamboo fiber cell walls to the structural design of the hard alloy cutter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the wear resistance and the toughness of the conventional hard alloy cutter cannot be simultaneously considered, and further provides a bionic cutter based on a bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the bionic cutter based on the bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall-layer structure comprises a cutter body, wherein the cutter body is annular and comprises an inner layer, a first transition layer, a second transition layer, a third transition layer and an outer wear-resistant layer which are fixedly connected from inside to outside in sequence;
the inner layer, the first transition layer, the second transition layer, the third transition layer and the outer wear-resistant layer are all made of WC-Co hard alloy, the mass percentage of WC in the inner layer is higher than that of WC in the first transition layer, the second transition layer and the third transition layer and lower than that of WC in the outer wear-resistant layer, and the mass percentage of Co in the inner layer is lower than that of Co in the first transition layer, the second transition layer and the third transition layer and higher than that of Co in the outer wear-resistant layer.
Further, the mass percentage of Co in the inner layer is 10%, the mass percentage of Co in the first transition layer is 16%, the mass percentage of Co in the second transition layer is 14%, the mass percentage of Co in the third transition layer is 12%, and the mass percentage of Co in the outer wear-resistant layer is 5%.
Furthermore, the surfaces of the inner layer, the first transition layer, the second transition layer, the third transition layer and the outer wear-resistant layer are coated with binders.
Furthermore, the binder is made of metal Co.
The preparation method of the bionic cutter based on the bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: taking WC powder and Co powder as raw materials, and respectively preparing mixed powder of an inner layer, a first transition layer, a second transition layer, a third transition layer and an outer wear-resistant layer;
step two: sequentially arranging an inner layer, a first transition layer, a second transition layer, a third transition layer and an outer wear-resistant layer from inside to outside, coating a metal Co binder on the surface of each layer, sequentially loading the layers into a graphite mold, prepressing each added layer by using a press machine, nesting the layers together, then pressing and forming the layers by using the press machine again, finally placing the layers into a sintering furnace for sintering, and taking out the mold for heat treatment after sintering;
step three: after the heat treatment of the bionic cutter is finished, the cutter is sharpened by a grinder to reach the accurate size, shape and tolerance required by the drawing;
step four: and coating by adopting a pulse magnetron sputtering plating technology bionic cutter.
Further, in the first step, preparing mixed powder of the inner layer, the first transition layer, the second transition layer, the third transition layer and the outer wear-resistant layer includes the following operations:
operation one: preparing inner layer mixed powder:
using WC powder and Co powder as raw materials, preparing a mixture according to the proportion that the mass percentage content of the WC powder in the inner layer is 90% and the mass percentage content of the Co powder in the inner layer is 10%, dissolving paraffin in hot water into liquid, pouring the liquid onto a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw materials are ground into granules with uniform size, pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding to a spray dryer for drying and granulating, enabling the dried powder to be spherical granules with uniform size, then sieving, and checking the qualified quality of a sample to obtain inner layer mixed powder;
and operation II: preparing mixed powder of a first transition layer:
preparing a mixture according to the proportion that the mass percent of WC powder is 84% and the mass percent of Co powder is 16% in the first transition layer, dissolving paraffin in hot water into liquid, pouring the liquid into a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw material is ground into particles with uniform size, pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding to a spray dryer for drying and granulating, sieving the powder which is dried into spherical particles with uniform size, and obtaining first transition layer mixed powder after checking that the sample quality is qualified;
operation three: preparing mixed powder of a second transition layer:
preparing a mixture according to the proportion that the mass percent of WC powder is 86% and the mass percent of Co powder is 14% in the second transition layer, dissolving paraffin in hot water into liquid, pouring the liquid into a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw material is ground into particles with uniform size, pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding into a spray dryer for drying and granulating, sieving the powder which is in the form of spherical particles with uniform size, and obtaining second transition layer mixed powder after checking that the sample quality is qualified;
and operation four: preparing mixed powder of a third transition layer:
preparing a mixture according to the proportion that the mass percent of WC powder is 88% and the mass percent of Co powder is 12% in the third transition layer, dissolving paraffin in hot water to form liquid, pouring the liquid into a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw material is ground into particles with uniform size, pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding to a spray dryer for drying and granulating, sieving the powder which is in spherical particles with uniform size, and obtaining the third transition layer mixed powder after checking that the sample quality is qualified;
and operation five: preparing mixed powder of an outer wear-resistant layer:
preparing a mixture according to the mixture ratio of 95 mass percent of WC powder and 5 mass percent of Co powder in the outer wear-resistant layer, dissolving paraffin in hot water into liquid, pouring the liquid into a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw material is ground into particles with uniform size, pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding into a spray dryer for drying and granulating, screening the dried powder into spherical particles with uniform size, and obtaining the mixed powder of the outer wear-resistant layer after checking that the sample quality is qualified.
Further, in the second step, the sintering process in the sintering furnace includes a pre-sintering stage, a sintering stage and a cooling stage.
Further, in the second step, the pre-sintering stage includes the following steps: presintering the pressed and formed cutter in a sintering furnace and hydrogen, wherein the presintering temperature is 800 ℃, and the presintering time is 100 min; the sintering stage comprises the following steps: continuously heating and sintering the pre-sintered blank obtained in the pre-sintering stage, introducing protective gas Ar, sintering at 1450 ℃ for 70min under hydrogen, and preserving heat for 70 min; the cooling phase comprises the following steps: and after the sintering stage is finished, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace in a hydrogen atmosphere to finally obtain the tissue structure of the bionic cutter.
Further, in the fourth step, the pulse magnetron sputtering plating technology comprises the following steps: selecting Ti as the sputtering target material, pretreating the tool substrate before preparing the coating, drying the tool substrate in a constant temperature furnace, clamping and fixing the tool substrate in a vacuum chamber of a magnetron sputtering device, vacuumizing the vacuum chamber, pre-sputtering and cleaning the target material under the conditions of introducing Ar gas with constant pressure and constant target material power, and then introducing N2Depositing under the condition of constant target power.
Further, in the fourth step, before the preparation of the coating, the specific steps of pretreating the tool substrate include: firstly, using sand paper with different grain sizes to polish step by step, and polishing on a polishing machine; then, sequentially using acetone, alcohol and distilled water as cleaning liquids from beginning to end, and respectively cleaning in an ultrasonic cleaning machine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
from the perspective of bionics, the invention discovers that the multi-wall structure of bamboo fiber cell walls enables bamboos to have good physical and mechanical properties, and reasonably applies the multi-wall structure of the bamboo fiber cell walls in the structural design of a hard alloy (WC-Co) cutter through simulating the multi-wall structure of the bamboo fiber cell walls, thereby designing a bionic cutter with high wear resistance on the surface and high toughness in the middle. The bionic cutter is of a five-layer nested structure, and the contents of WC and Co in the cutter are changed, so that the cutter meets the requirements of both wear resistance and toughness, and the comprehensive performance of the cutter is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a wall layer of bamboo fiber cell wall, wherein A is a cross section of bamboo fiber cell wall and B is an enlarged cross section of bamboo fiber cell wall;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a model of the cell wall structure of bamboo fibers;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a bionic tool structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bionic tool structure;
the labels in the figure are: 1-an inner layer, 2-a first transition layer, 3-a second transition layer; 4-third transition layer, 5-outer wear-resistant layer, 6-binder Co, P-primary wall, S0, S1-l, S2-t, S3-l, S4-t, S5-l, S6-t, S7-l, S8-t-secondary wall transition layer, wherein l and t represent the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the microfibril.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and the bionic tool based on the bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure in the embodiment includes a tool body, the tool body is annular, and the tool body includes an inner layer 1, a first transition layer 2, a second transition layer 3, a third transition layer 4 and an outer wear-resistant layer 5, which are fixedly connected in sequence from inside to outside;
the inner layer 1, the first transition layer 2, the second transition layer 3, the third transition layer 4 and the outer wear-resistant layer 5 are all made of WC-Co hard alloy, the mass percentage of WC in the inner layer 1 is higher than that of WC in the first transition layer 2, the second transition layer 3 and the third transition layer 4 and lower than that of WC in the outer wear-resistant layer 5, and the mass percentage of Co in the inner layer 1 is lower than that of Co in the first transition layer 2, the second transition layer 3 and the third transition layer 4 and higher than that of Co in the outer wear-resistant layer 5.
A bionic tool resistant to abrasion and impact based on a bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure is shown in figure 1, the bamboo fiber cell wall has a multi-wall layer structure specific to bamboo plants and a typical three-layer structure of a secondary wall of wood fiber, the structure endows bamboo with the characteristics of strong rigidity, straight shape and stable performance, and is the basis of excellent macroscopic mechanical properties of bamboo. The bionic cutter with high wear resistance and high toughness is designed by referring to the multi-wall structure of the bamboo fiber cell wall and reasonably applying the multi-wall structure to cutter design to improve the performance of the cutter.
Through simulating the multi-wall layer structure of the bamboo fiber cell wall, the bionic cutter is of a 5-layer nested structure and sequentially comprises an inner layer, a first transition layer, a second transition layer, a third transition layer and an outer wear-resistant layer. The bionic cutter is made of WC-Co, the content of WC and Co in each layer is changed in sequence from the outer wear-resistant layer to the inner layer.
According to the bamboo fiber cell wall multi-wall layer structure, as shown in figures 1 and 2, a tool body structure is determined, the number of layers of the tool body is 5, and the tool body structure comprises an outer wear-resistant layer, a first transition layer, a second transition layer, a third transition layer and an inner layer. The cutter is made of WC-Co, and the contents of WC and Co in the inner layer, the first transition layer, the second transition layer, the third transition layer and the outer wear-resistant layer are sequentially changed, so that the performances of all parts are different, the WC content of the outer wear-resistant layer of the cutter is higher, the Co content is low, and the cutter has good wear resistance. Each of the first transition layer, the second transition layer and the third transition layer has low WC content and high Co content, so that the toughness required by the cutter is met, and the impact resistance of the cutter is improved. The content of WC in the inner layer is higher than that of the first transition layer, the second transition layer and the third transition layer and lower than the proportion of WC in the outer wear-resistant layer, and the content of Co is lower than that of the first transition layer, the second transition layer and the third transition layer and higher than that of the outer wear-resistant layer, so that the comprehensive performance of the cutter is improved.
Wherein the inner circumference side wall of the inner layer is made into a curved surface which is convenient for installing the knife handle, and is provided with a positioning ring groove.
The second embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment will be described, in which the mass percentage of Co in the inner layer 1 is 10%, the mass percentage of Co in the first transition layer 2 is 16%, the mass percentage of Co in the second transition layer 3 is 14%, the mass percentage of Co in the third transition layer 4 is 12%, and the mass percentage of Co in the outer wear-resistant layer 5 is 5%. Technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The tool body is made of WC-Co hard alloy, wherein the content of WC and Co in each part is different. Because the outer wear-resistant layer has good wear resistance, the content of WC is higher in the layer, the content of Co is lower, and the content of Co is 5 percent, so that the wear resistance of the bionic cutter is improved; the first transition layer, the second transition layer and the third transition layer enable the cutter to have certain toughness, and further improve the impact resistance of the cutter, so that the Co content in the first transition layer is relatively high and the WC content is low, the Co content in the second transition layer and the third transition layer is also relatively high and the WC content is low, the Co content is 16%, 14% and 12% in sequence, the three layers improve the toughness of the cutter and delay the propagation of cracks to the inside; the content of WC in the inner layer is higher than that of the first transition layer, the second transition layer and the third transition layer and lower than that of WC in the outer wear-resistant layer, the content of Co is lower than that of the first transition layer, the second transition layer and the third transition layer and higher than that of Co in the outer wear-resistant layer, the comprehensive performance of the cutter is improved, and the content of Co is 10%, so that the cutter meets the requirements of both toughness and wear resistance.
The third concrete implementation mode: in the present embodiment, the surfaces of the inner layer 1, the first transition layer 2, the second transition layer 3, the third transition layer 4, and the outer wear-resistant layer 5 are coated with the adhesive, which is described with reference to fig. 1 to 4. Technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: in the present embodiment, the binder 6 is made of metal Co, which is described with reference to fig. 1 to 4. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the third embodiment. The metallic Co here acts as a binder between each layer during sintering.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and the method for preparing the bionic tool based on the bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: using WC powder and Co powder as raw materials, and respectively preparing mixed powder of an inner layer 1, a first transition layer 2, a second transition layer 3, a third transition layer 4 and an outer wear-resistant layer 5;
step two: sequentially arranging an inner layer 1, a first transition layer 2, a second transition layer 3, a third transition layer 4 and an outer wear-resistant layer 5 from inside to outside, coating a metal Co binder 6 on the surface of each layer, sequentially loading into a graphite mold, prepressing each added layer by using a press machine, pressing and forming the layers by using the press machine after nesting together, finally sintering in a sintering furnace, and taking out the mold for heat treatment after sintering;
step three: after the heat treatment of the bionic cutter is finished, the cutter is sharpened by a grinder to reach the accurate size, shape and tolerance required by the drawing;
step four: and coating by adopting a pulse magnetron sputtering plating technology bionic cutter.
The cavity of the graphite mold is the same as the cutter body in shape. The thickness dimensions of the inner layer 1, the first transition layer 2, the second transition layer 3, the third transition layer 4 and the outer wear-resistant layer 5 are set according to the specific dimensions of the cutter body.
The heat treatment improves all the performances of the hard alloy cutter.
The bionic cutter is coated by adopting a magnetron sputtering plating method, so that the combination of a coating film and a cutter base body is improved, the toughness of the base body is kept, the wear resistance of the cutter is improved, the use performance of the bionic cutter is further improved, and the service life of the bionic cutter is prolonged.
In the second step of the present embodiment, the heat treatment is a process of heating the sintered cutter to a certain temperature for quenching or directly quenching after sintering is completed, and then tempering.
The sixth specific implementation mode: in the first step of the present embodiment, the preparation of the mixed powder of the inner layer 1, the first transition layer 2, the second transition layer 3, the third transition layer 4, and the outer wear-resistant layer 5 includes the following operations:
operation one: preparing mixed powder of the inner layer 1:
using WC powder and Co powder as raw materials, preparing a mixture according to the proportion that the mass percentage content of the WC powder in the inner layer 1 is 90% and the mass percentage content of the Co powder is 10%, dissolving paraffin in hot water into liquid, pouring the liquid into a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw materials are ground into granules with uniform size, pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding to a spray dryer for drying and granulating, wherein the dried powder is spherical granules with uniform size, then sieving, and obtaining the mixed powder in the inner layer 1 after checking that the sample quality is qualified;
and operation II: preparing mixed powder of the first transition layer 2:
preparing a mixture according to the proportion that the mass percent of WC powder is 84% and the mass percent of Co powder is 16% in the first transition layer 2, dissolving paraffin in hot water to form liquid, pouring the liquid into a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw material is ground into particles with uniform size, pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding into a spray dryer for drying and granulating, sieving the powder which is in the form of spherical particles with uniform size, and obtaining the mixed powder of the first transition layer 2 after checking that the sample quality is qualified;
operation three: preparing mixed powder of a second transition layer 3:
preparing a mixture according to the proportion that the mass percent of WC powder in the second transition layer 3 is 86% and the mass percent of Co powder is 14%, dissolving paraffin in hot water into liquid, pouring the liquid into a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw material is ground into particles with uniform size, pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding into a spray dryer for drying and granulating, sieving the powder which is dried into spherical particles with uniform size, and obtaining the mixed powder of the second transition layer 3 after checking that the sample quality is qualified;
and operation four: preparing mixed powder of a third transition layer 4:
preparing a mixture according to the mixture ratio of 88 mass percent of WC powder and 12 mass percent of Co powder in the third transition layer 4, dissolving paraffin in hot water to form liquid, pouring the liquid into a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw material is ground into granules with uniform size, pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding into a spray dryer for drying and granulating, sieving the powder which is in the form of spherical granules with uniform size, and obtaining mixed powder of the third transition layer 4 after checking that the sample quality is qualified;
and operation five: preparing mixed powder of the outer wear-resistant layer 5:
preparing a mixture according to the mixture ratio of 95 mass percent of WC powder and 5 mass percent of Co powder in the outer wear-resistant layer 5, dissolving paraffin in hot water to form liquid, pouring the liquid into a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw material is ground into granules with uniform size, pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding to a spray dryer for drying and granulating, screening the dried powder to form spherical granules with uniform size, and obtaining the mixed powder of the outer wear-resistant layer 5 after checking that the sample quality is qualified.
The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those in the fifth embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: in the second step of the present embodiment, the sintering process in the sintering furnace includes a pre-sintering stage, a sintering stage, and a cooling stage. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those in the fifth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: in the second step of the present embodiment, the pre-sintering step includes the following steps: presintering the pressed and formed cutter in a sintering furnace and hydrogen, wherein the presintering temperature is 800 ℃, and the presintering time is 100 min; the sintering stage comprises the following steps: continuously heating and sintering the pre-sintered blank obtained in the pre-sintering stage, introducing protective gas Ar, sintering at 1450 ℃ for 70min under hydrogen, and preserving heat for 70 min; the cooling phase comprises the following steps: and after the sintering stage is finished, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace in a hydrogen atmosphere to finally obtain the tissue structure of the bionic cutter. The technical features not disclosed in this embodiment are the same as those in the seventh embodiment.
The purpose of the presintering stage is to remove organic matter, substantially eliminate sintering obstacles and ensure that the resulting tool has sufficient strength.
The specific implementation method nine: in the fourth step of the present embodiment, the pulsed magnetron sputtering plating technique includes the following steps: selecting Ti as the sputtering target material, pretreating the tool substrate before preparing the coating, drying the tool substrate in a constant temperature furnace, clamping and fixing the tool substrate in a vacuum chamber of a magnetron sputtering device, vacuumizing the vacuum chamber, pre-sputtering and cleaning the target material under the conditions of introducing Ar gas with constant pressure and constant target material power, and then introducing N2Depositing under the condition of constant target power. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those in the fifth embodiment.
The sputtering target material is Ti with the purity of 99.999 percent, and other target materials can be selected according to actual requirements.
The target is subjected to pre-sputtering cleaning for the purpose of preventing oil stains, impurities and the like on the surface of the target from being introduced into the coating, improving the performance of the coating combined with the substrate, and the like.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: in the fourth step of the present embodiment, before the preparation of the coating, the specific steps of pre-treating the tool substrate include: firstly, using sand paper with different grain sizes to polish step by step, and polishing on a polishing machine; then, sequentially using acetone, alcohol and distilled water as cleaning liquids from beginning to end, and respectively cleaning in an ultrasonic cleaning machine. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those in the fifth embodiment.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. Bionic cutter based on bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure, which is characterized in that: the cutting tool comprises a cutting tool body, wherein the cutting tool body is annular, and comprises an inner layer (1), a first transition layer (2), a second transition layer (3), a third transition layer (4) and an outer wear-resistant layer (5) which are fixedly connected from inside to outside in sequence;
the inner layer (1), the first transition layer (2), the second transition layer (3), the third transition layer (4) and the outer wear-resistant layer (5) are all made of WC-Co hard alloy, the mass percentage of WC in the inner layer (1) is higher than that of WC in the first transition layer (2), the second transition layer (3) and the third transition layer (4) and lower than that of WC in the outer wear-resistant layer (5), and the mass percentage of Co in the inner layer (1) is lower than that of Co in the first transition layer (2), the second transition layer (3) and the third transition layer (4) and higher than that of Co in the outer wear-resistant layer (5).
2. The bionic cutter based on the bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the mass percentage of Co in the inner layer (1) is 10%, the mass percentage of Co in the first transition layer (2) is 16%, the mass percentage of Co in the second transition layer (3) is 14%, the mass percentage of Co in the third transition layer (4) is 12%, and the mass percentage of Co in the outer wear-resistant layer (5) is 5%.
3. The bionic cutter based on the bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the surfaces of the inner layer (1), the first transition layer (2), the second transition layer (3), the third transition layer (4) and the outer wear-resistant layer (5) are coated with binders.
4. The bionic cutter based on the bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the binder (6) is made of metal Co.
5. The method for preparing the bionic tool based on the bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bionic tool comprises: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: using WC powder and Co powder as raw materials, and respectively preparing mixed powder of an inner layer (1), a first transition layer (2), a second transition layer (3), a third transition layer (4) and an outer wear-resistant layer (5);
step two: sequentially arranging an inner layer (1), a first transition layer (2), a second transition layer (3), a third transition layer (4) and an outer wear-resistant layer (5) from inside to outside, coating a metal Co binder (6) on the surface of each layer, sequentially loading into a graphite mold, pre-pressing each added layer by using a press machine, nesting together, then pressing and forming by using the press machine again, finally sintering in a sintering furnace, and taking out the mold for heat treatment after sintering;
step three: after the heat treatment of the bionic cutter is finished, the cutter is sharpened by a grinder to reach the accurate size, shape and tolerance required by the drawing;
step four: and coating by adopting a pulse magnetron sputtering plating technology bionic cutter.
6. The method for preparing the bionic tool based on the bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the preparation of the mixed powder of the inner layer (1), the first transition layer (2), the second transition layer (3), the third transition layer (4) and the outer wear-resistant layer (5) comprises the following operations:
operation one: preparing mixed powder of the inner layer (1):
using WC powder and Co powder as raw materials, preparing a mixture according to the proportion that the mass percentage content of the WC powder in the inner layer (1) is 90% and the mass percentage content of the Co powder is 10%, dissolving paraffin in hot water into liquid, pouring the liquid onto a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw materials are ground into granules with uniform size, pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding into a spray dryer for drying and granulating, wherein the dried powder is spherical granules with uniform size, then sieving, and obtaining the mixed powder in the inner layer (1) after checking that the sample quality is qualified;
and operation II: preparing mixed powder of the first transition layer (2):
preparing a mixture according to the proportion that the mass percent of WC powder is 84% and the mass percent of Co powder is 16% in the first transition layer (2), dissolving paraffin in hot water into liquid, pouring the liquid into a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw material is ground into particles with uniform size, feeding and pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding into a spray dryer for drying and granulating, wherein the dried powder is spherical particles with uniform size, then sieving is carried out, and the mixed powder of the first transition layer (2) is obtained after the quality of a sample is checked to be qualified;
operation three: preparing mixed powder of a second transition layer (3):
preparing a mixture according to the proportion that the mass percent of WC powder in the second transition layer (3) is 86% and the mass percent of Co powder is 14%, dissolving paraffin in hot water into liquid, pouring the liquid into a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw material is ground into particles with uniform size, feeding and pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding into a spray dryer for drying and granulating, wherein the dried powder is in spherical particles with uniform size, then sieving, and obtaining the mixed powder of the second transition layer (3) after checking that the sample quality is qualified;
and operation four: preparing mixed powder of a third transition layer (4):
preparing a mixture according to the mixture ratio that the mass percent of WC powder is 88% and the mass percent of Co powder is 12% in the third transition layer (4), dissolving paraffin in hot water to form liquid, pouring the liquid into a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw material is ground into particles with uniform size, feeding and pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding to a spray dryer for drying and granulating, wherein the dried powder is spherical particles with uniform size, then sieving is carried out, and the mixed powder of the third transition layer (4) is obtained after the quality of a sample is checked to be qualified;
and operation five: preparing mixed powder of the outer wear-resistant layer (5):
preparing a mixture according to the mixture ratio of 95 mass percent of WC powder and 5 mass percent of Co powder in the outer wear-resistant layer (5), dissolving paraffin in hot water to form liquid, pouring the liquid into a grinding body in a ball mill, rotating the ball mill to fully distribute the paraffin on the grinding body, then adding WC-Co mixed powder, adding grinding liquid medium alcohol and active agent oleic acid, finally starting grinding until the raw material is ground into granules with uniform size, pumping the mixed slurry obtained after grinding to a spray dryer for drying and granulating, wherein the dried powder is spherical granules with uniform size, then sieving, and obtaining the mixed powder of the outer wear-resistant layer (5) after checking that the sample quality is qualified.
7. The method for preparing the bionic tool based on the bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the sintering process in the sintering furnace comprises a pre-sintering stage, a sintering stage and a cooling stage.
8. The method for preparing the bionic tool based on the bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the pre-sintering stage comprises the following steps: presintering the pressed and formed cutter in a sintering furnace and hydrogen, wherein the presintering temperature is 800 ℃, and the presintering time is 100 min; the sintering stage comprises the following steps: continuously heating and sintering the pre-sintered blank obtained in the pre-sintering stage, introducing protective gas Ar, sintering at 1450 ℃ for 70min under hydrogen, and preserving heat for 70 min; the cooling phase comprises the following steps: and after the sintering stage is finished, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace in a hydrogen atmosphere to finally obtain the tissue structure of the bionic cutter.
9. The method for preparing the bionic tool based on the bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, the pulse magnetron sputtering plating technology comprises the following steps: selecting Ti as the sputtering target material, pretreating the tool substrate before preparing the coating, drying the tool substrate in a constant temperature furnace, clamping and fixing the tool substrate in a vacuum chamber of a magnetron sputtering device, vacuumizing the vacuum chamber, pre-sputtering and cleaning the target material under the conditions of introducing Ar gas with constant pressure and constant target material power, and then introducing N2Depositing under the condition of constant target power.
10. The method for preparing the bionic tool based on the bamboo fiber cell wall annular multi-wall layer structure as claimed in claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, before the coating is prepared, the specific steps of pretreating the cutter substrate comprise: firstly, using sand paper with different grain sizes to polish step by step, and polishing on a polishing machine; then, sequentially using acetone, alcohol and distilled water as cleaning liquids from beginning to end, and respectively cleaning in an ultrasonic cleaning machine.
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