CN110257822B - Toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type microtextured self-lubricating coating cutter and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type microtextured self-lubricating coating cutter and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110257822B CN110257822B CN201910512073.1A CN201910512073A CN110257822B CN 110257822 B CN110257822 B CN 110257822B CN 201910512073 A CN201910512073 A CN 201910512073A CN 110257822 B CN110257822 B CN 110257822B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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Abstract
The invention discloses a toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type microtexture self-lubricating coating cutter and a preparation method thereof. The base material of the cutting tool is highThe surface of the substrate is made of PbO, Mo and TiB2BNNTs, CNTs and graphene, wherein the surface of the coating has a micro texture; the coating is prepared by adopting a plasma vacuum spraying method. The cutter has good toughness as a whole, and the addition of BNNTs and CNTs ensures that the cubic boron nitride coating on the surface of the cutter has good toughness, high surface hardness and wear resistance; in the cutting process, when the temperature is low, the graphene can play a role in lubrication, and PbO, Mo and TiB are used at high temperature2Can generate in-situ reaction to generate PbMoO with lubricating effect4、TiO2、B2O3And the micro-texture synergistic effect is realized, so that the frictional wear of the cutter in the cutting process can be reduced, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged. The cutter can be widely applied to dry cutting and cutting processing of difficult-to-process materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical cutting tool manufacturing, in particular to a toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type microtexture self-lubricating coating tool and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Dry cutting has become a research hotspot for green machining as a new economic and environment-friendly manufacturing technology. However, in dry cutting, the blade-chip friction on the rake surface is abnormally severe, leading to increased wear and reduced life of the tool. Therefore, research and development of new tools are urgently needed. The self-lubricating cutter is characterized in that the cutter material has lubricating and antifriction functions, and self-lubricating cutting processing can be realized under the condition of no lubricating liquid, so that the surface friction and abrasion of the cutter are reduced.
Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) has extremely high hardness and high temperature resistance, and is particularly suitable for cutting and processing hard-to-process materials such as hardened steel, chilled steel and the like. The existing cubic boron nitride cutter is mainly prepared by a high-temperature high-pressure sintering preparation process, and the integral toughness of the cutter is insufficient. Compared with the sintered integral cubic boron nitride cutter, the cubic boron nitride coated cutter greatly saves the cost of the cutting cutter, so that the cubic boron nitride has wide application prospect as the cutter coating. However, cubic boron nitride coatings suffer from reduced performance due to insufficient toughness. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNTs) have the advantages of high strength, high toughness, good thermal conductivity, and high elastic modulus, and are often used as a toughening phase of a structural material. At present, the research of toughening by adding a nanotube into cubic boron nitride is rarely reported.
Chinese patent "application number: 201710709832.4 discloses a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the cutter material is prepared by hot-pressing sintering and rapid sintering of discharge plasma of mixed powder of cubic boron nitride and a binding agent, and the cutter prepared by the method has high hardness and excellent high-temperature performance; but the toughness of the cutter is to be improved, and the preparation method is more complex and the preparation cost is higher. Chinese patent "application number: 201610812045.8 discloses a micro-texture ZrVSiN self-adaptive coating cutter and a preparation process thereof, wherein the cutter micro-texture and ZrVSiN are cooperated to reduce friction and wear in the cutting process. Chinese patent "application number: 02139629.9 discloses a boron nitride composite coating cutting tool and its preparation method, which is prepared by plasma pulse laser deposition or electric heating wire assisted radio frequency plasma CVD method, the tool surface coating has strong binding force with the substrate, but it has no self-lubricating ability.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type microtexture self-lubricating coating cutter and a preparation method thereof. The cutter has high hardness, high wear resistance, good toughness and self-lubricating effect. The surface of the cutter can form a lubricating film in the cutting process, and the lubricating film and the microtexture have a synergistic effect, so that the frictional wear of the cutter in the cutting process is reduced, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
The technical scheme is as follows: the toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type micro-texture self-lubricating coating cutter is realized by the following steps:
the base material of the cutter is high-speed steel or hard alloy, and a toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type cube is deposited on the surface of the baseThe boron nitride self-lubricating coating is prepared by cladding cubic boron nitride mixed powder by adopting a plasma spraying technology, and the cubic boron nitride mixed powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-60% of CBN, 15-20% of Ni60A, 8-10% of WC, 3-6% of PbO, 3-6% of Mo and 3-8% of TiB20.5-3% of BNNTs, 0.5-3% of CNTs and 0.5-2% of graphene; and (4) after cladding is finished, processing a micro texture on the surface of the cutter.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type micro-texture self-lubricating coating cutter, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of cubic boron nitride layer
(a) Pretreatment: ultrasonic cleaning the cutter in alcohol and acetone solution for 20-30min respectively, and removing oil;
(b) presetting a boron nitride layer: preparing cubic boron nitride mixed powder, wherein the mixed powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-60% of CBN, 15-20% of Ni60A, 8-10% of WC, 3-6% of PbO, 3-6% of Mo and 3-8% of TiB20.5-3% of BNNTs, 0.5-3% of CNTs and 0.5-2% of graphene; adding a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into the mixed powder to prepare a thick mixed powder, presetting the thick mixed powder on the front cutter surface of a cutter matrix, compacting the prepared thick mixed powder by adopting a hot isostatic pressing method with the pressure of 1-5Mpa, and obtaining a preset cubic boron nitride mixed powder layer with the thickness of 50-2000 mu m;
(c) cladding the cubic boron nitride layer: placing the sample of the preset cubic boron nitride layer obtained in the step (b) in vacuum plasma spraying equipment, and adjusting the power to be 20-60kW, the Ar gas flow to be 20-60L/min and H2The gas flow is 10-50L/min, and plasma is adopted to clad the preset cubic boron nitride layer to obtain a cubic boron nitride coating;
(d) and (3) post-treatment: grinding and finishing the surface of the cubic boron nitride coating obtained in the step (c).
2) Microtexture preparation
Processing micro textures with different geometric parameters and distribution forms on the surface of the prepared cubic boron nitride coating cutter by adopting a laser processing technology, wherein the laser processing parameters are as follows: the power is 20-50W, the scanning speed is 1-100mm/s, and the frequency is 5-20 kHz.
The surface of the tool substrate can be preset and clad with a cubic boron nitride layer at least once, and the thickness of the cubic boron nitride layer after grinding and finishing is 100-1500 mu m.
The micro-texture prepared in the step 2) is one or a combination of a plurality of grooves, round holes and grids, the width (or diameter) of the texture groove is 10-100 mu m, the depth is 5-100 mu m, and the distance is 20-300 mu m.
Has the advantages that: 1. due to the addition of BNNTs and CNTs, the cubic boron nitride coating on the surface of the cutter has good toughness, high hardness and wear resistance; 2. in the cutting process, when the temperature is low, the graphene can play a role in lubrication, and PbO, Mo and TiB are used at high temperature2Can generate in-situ reaction to generate PbMoO with lubricating effect4、TiO2、B2O3The micro-texture synergistic effect is realized, so that the cutter has a good self-lubricating effect at a high cutting temperature, the frictional wear of the cutter in the cutting process can be reduced, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged; 3. the coating is prepared by adopting a plasma vacuum spraying method, the preparation efficiency is high, the preparation process avoids oxidation, and the coating and the matrix have stronger bonding strength; meanwhile, the coating can reach a great thickness; 4. the cutter can be widely applied to dry cutting and cutting of difficult-to-machine materials, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro-texture self-lubricating coating cutter of the invention, wherein: 1 is a cutter base material, 2 is a cubic boron nitride coating, and 3 is a microtexture.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type microtextured self-lubricating coating cutter is characterized in that a cutter base material is high-speed steel, a toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type cubic boron nitride self-lubricating coating is deposited on the surface of a base, the coating is prepared by cladding cubic boron nitride mixed powder by adopting a plasma spraying technology, and the cubic boron nitride mixed powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% CBN, 18% Ni60A, 10% WC, 5% PbO, 5% Mo, 8% TiB 22% BNNTs, 1.5% CNTs, 0.5% graphiteAn alkene; and (4) after cladding is finished, processing a micro texture on the surface of the cutter.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type micro-texture self-lubricating coating cutter, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of cubic boron nitride layer
(a) Pretreatment: ultrasonic cleaning the cutter in alcohol and acetone solution for 20min respectively, and removing oil;
(b) presetting a boron nitride layer: preparing cubic boron nitride mixed powder, wherein the mixed powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% CBN, 18% Ni60A, 10% WC, 5% PbO, 5% Mo, 8% TiB 22% of BNNTs, 1.5% of CNTs and 0.5% of graphene; adding a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into the mixed powder to prepare a thick mixed powder, and presetting the thick mixed powder on the front cutter surface of a cutter matrix, compacting the prepared thick mixed powder by adopting a hot isostatic pressing method with the pressure of 2Mpa, wherein the thickness of the thick mixed powder is 200 mu m, so as to obtain a preset cubic boron nitride mixed powder layer;
(c) cladding the cubic boron nitride layer: placing the sample of the preset cubic boron nitride layer obtained in the step (b) in vacuum plasma spraying equipment, and adjusting the power to be 30kW, the Ar gas flow to be 30L/min and the H2The gas flow is 20L/min, and plasma is adopted to clad the preset cubic boron nitride layer to obtain a cubic boron nitride coating;
(d) and (3) post-treatment: and (c) grinding and finishing the surface of the cubic boron nitride coating obtained in the step (c) to ensure that the thickness of the finished cubic boron nitride coating is 100 mu m.
2) Microtexture preparation
Processing a round hole-shaped micro-texture on the surface of the prepared cubic boron nitride coating cutter by adopting a laser processing technology, wherein the diameter of a round hole is 20 micrometers, the depth is 50 micrometers, and the distance is 50 micrometers; the laser processing parameters are as follows: the power is 20W, the scanning speed is 5mm/s, and the frequency is 10 kHz.
Example 2
A toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type microtextured self-lubricating coating cutter is characterized in that a cutter base material is made of hard alloy, a toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type cubic boron nitride self-lubricating coating is deposited on the surface of the base, and the coating adopts a plasma spraying technology to opposeThe cubic boron nitride mixed powder is prepared by cladding, and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 60% CBN, 15% Ni60A, 8% WC, 3% PbO, 3% Mo, 5% TiB 22% of BNNTs, 2% of CNTs and 2% of graphene; and (4) after cladding is finished, processing a micro texture on the surface of the cutter.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type micro-texture self-lubricating coating cutter, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of cubic boron nitride layer
(a) Pretreatment: sequentially placing the cutter in alcohol and acetone solution, ultrasonic cleaning for 30min respectively, and removing oil contamination;
(b) presetting a boron nitride layer: preparing cubic boron nitride mixed powder, wherein the mixed powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 60% CBN, 15% Ni60A, 8% WC, 3% PbO, 3% Mo, 5% TiB 22% of BNNTs, 2% of CNTs and 2% of graphene; adding a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into the mixed powder to prepare a thick mixed powder, and presetting the thick mixed powder on the front cutter surface of a cutter matrix, compacting the prepared thick mixed powder by adopting a hot isostatic pressing method with the pressure of 5Mpa, wherein the thickness of the thick mixed powder is 2000 mu m, so as to obtain a preset cubic boron nitride mixed powder layer;
(c) cladding the cubic boron nitride layer: placing the sample of the preset cubic boron nitride layer obtained in the step (b) in vacuum plasma spraying equipment, and adjusting the power to 50kW, the Ar gas flow to 50L/min and H2The gas flow is 50L/min, and the preset cubic boron nitride layer is cladded by adopting plasma to obtain a cubic boron nitride coating;
(d) and (3) post-treatment: and (c) grinding and finishing the surface of the cubic boron nitride coating obtained in the step (c) to enable the thickness of the finished cubic boron nitride coating to be 1500 mu m.
2) Microtexture preparation
Processing a groove-shaped micro texture on the surface of the prepared cubic boron nitride coating cutter by adopting a laser processing technology, wherein the width of a texture groove is 50 mu m, the depth is 100 mu m, and the distance is 150 mu m; the laser processing parameters are as follows: the power is 20-50W, the scanning speed is 1-100mm/s, and the frequency is 5-20 kHz.
Claims (4)
1. A toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type microtexture self-lubricating coating cutter is characterized in that a cutter base material is high-speed steel or hard alloy: a toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type cubic boron nitride self-lubricating coating is deposited on the surface of a cutter substrate, the coating is prepared by cladding cubic boron nitride mixed powder by adopting a plasma spraying technology, and the cubic boron nitride mixed powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-60% of CBN, 15-20% of Ni60A, 8-10% of WC, 3-6% of PbO, 3-6% of Mo and 3-8% of TiB20.5-3% of BNNTs, 0.5-3% of CNTs and 0.5-2% of graphene; and (4) after cladding is finished, processing a micro texture on the surface of the cutter.
2. A preparation method of a toughening and reinforcing in-situ reaction type micro-texture self-lubricating coating cutter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparation of cubic boron nitride layer
(a) Pretreatment: ultrasonic cleaning the cutter in alcohol and acetone solution for 20-30min respectively, and removing oil;
(b) presetting a boron nitride layer: preparing cubic boron nitride mixed powder, wherein the mixed powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-60% of CBN, 15-20% of Ni60A, 8-10% of WC, 3-6% of PbO, 3-6% of Mo and 3-8% of TiB20.5-3% of BNNTs, 0.5-3% of CNTs and 0.5-2% of graphene; adding a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into the mixed powder to prepare a thick mixed powder, presetting the thick mixed powder on the front cutter surface of a cutter matrix, compacting the prepared thick mixed powder by adopting a hot isostatic pressing method with the pressure of 1-5Mpa, and obtaining a preset cubic boron nitride mixed powder layer with the thickness of 50-2000 mu m;
(c) cladding the cubic boron nitride layer: placing the sample of the preset cubic boron nitride layer obtained in the step (b) in vacuum plasma spraying equipment, and adjusting the power to be 20-60kW, the Ar gas flow to be 20-60L/min and H2The gas flow is 10-50L/min, and plasma is adopted to clad the preset cubic boron nitride layer to obtain a cubic boron nitride coating;
(d) and (3) post-treatment: grinding and finishing the surface of the cubic boron nitride coating obtained in the step (c);
2) microtexture preparation
Processing micro textures with different geometric parameters and distribution forms on the surface of the prepared cubic boron nitride coating cutter by adopting a laser processing technology, wherein the laser processing parameters are as follows: the power is 20-50W, the scanning speed is 1-100mm/s, and the frequency is 5-20 kHz.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: presetting and cladding a cubic boron nitride layer on the surface of the tool substrate at least once, wherein the thickness of the cubic boron nitride layer after grinding and finishing is 100-1500 mu m.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein: the prepared micro-texture is one or a combination of a plurality of grooves, round holes and grids, the width or diameter of the texture groove is 10-100 mu m, the depth is 5-100 mu m, and the distance is 20-300 mu m.
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| CN112355367B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-04-01 | 常州润睿特种合金有限公司 | High-wear-resistance cutter and preparation method thereof |
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