CN108975886B - Micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die based on 3D printing technology - Google Patents
Micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die based on 3D printing technology Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002113 nanodiamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
- B21C3/18—Making tools by operations not covered by a single other subclass; Repairing
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- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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Abstract
Provides Al based on 3D printing technology2O3‑Ti(C,N)‑B4C‑Y2O3Micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die; preparing a micro-cavity capable of storing a solid self-lubricating agent on the inner surface of the micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die; by Y2O3The in-situ reaction between the sintering aid and Ti (C, N) reduces the preparation difficulty of the composite powder and improves the density of the composite powder; b is4C then adding a solid lubricant to the microtexture; the solid lubricant forms a self-lubricating film covering the whole working area by utilizing the high temperature caused by the violent sliding friction in the working area of the wire-drawing die; the friction coefficient and the abrasion of the working area of the wire-drawing die are reduced by combining the microtexture and the solid lubricant, and the abrasion resistance of the wire-drawing die is fundamentally improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of advanced manufacturing, relates to a micro-texture self-lubricating wire-drawing die based on a 3D printing technology, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of the wire-drawing die.
Background
In the production of metal products, wire rods play a significant role; in recent years, the annual production of wire has exceeded 1 hundred million tons and has increased at an annual growth rate of over 15%. The wire drawing die is a key part in a metal wire drawing forming process and presents typical consumable characteristics. When the wire drawing die works, a working area and a sizing area of the wire drawing die are continuously contacted with a processed wire, severe sliding friction is generated, and a contact area is in a high-temperature and high-pressure severe state, so that severe abrasion is caused. On one hand, the abrasion of the wire drawing die causes the damage of the wire drawing die, so that the processing can not be carried out; on the other hand, the dimensional accuracy and the surface quality of the drawn wire are seriously influenced because the dimensional accuracy of the wire-drawing die is damaged. In order to improve the abrasion resistance of the wire-drawing film, the composite structure is a classic structure in a metal wire-drawing die, namely the composite structure is divided into a die core and a die sleeve; the mold core is often manufactured by means of powder metallurgy through hard alloy or ceramic; in particular, ceramic materials are materials that are quite attractive to human dies because of their inherent high hardness and resistance to chemical reactions with metals.
Ceramics which have been used to date in the manufacture of wire-drawing dies include cermets, ZTA ceramics, Al2O3a/TiC ceramic, a TZP ceramic, etc. The ceramic wire drawing die has the characteristic of difficult chemical reaction with metal in the wire drawing process, and is beneficial to improving the surface quality of metal wires, especially for drawing nonferrous metal materials at high temperature. The wide application of the ceramic material is limited by the factors of poor toughness, difficult cutting processing, high friction factor under dry friction condition and the like. Therefore, there is a high necessity for a new type of die having sufficient hardness and a low coefficient of friction and wear rate.
The' 200810040138 patent reports the preparation method of silicon carbide ceramic and diamond composite drawing die, which uses silicon carbide ceramic as substrate, and makes the conventional diamond coating deposition → plasma polishing → nano diamond coating deposition → mechanical polishing for many times, so that the surface defect of the original inner hole of the ceramic die disappears. "patent No. 201310512356" reports an inlaid ceramic wire-drawing die and a method for preparing the same, wherein a die core comprises an inlet area, a working area and a sizing area which are smoothly connected and coaxial in sequence and are obtained by a superplastic extrusion forming method, and the material of the die core is alumina-based ternary eutectic fused ceramic. "patent No. 201410660076" reports a wire-drawing die and a method for making the same, which improves the wear resistance of the wire-drawing die by a gradient WC coating. "patent No. 201410232270" reports a re-sintering re-pressing manufacturing process of a high-wear-resistance polycrystalline diamond wire-drawing die, wherein a die core is made of polycrystalline diamond and a die sleeve is made of steel, so that the service life of the die is prolonged. The essence is to improve the wear resistance by hard coating. However, when the wire-drawing die works, the working area of the wire-drawing die generates severe sliding friction, and if the hard coating is relied on, the wear resistance of the wire-drawing die can be improved, but the friction factor under the dry friction condition is correspondingly increased, and extremely severe wear can still be caused. "patent No. 201210396853" reports Al2O3-TiC-CaF2Self-lubricating laminated ceramic drawing die materialBy mixing a solid lubricant CaF2The essential thing is that the life of the die is increased by reducing the friction coefficient of the working area, by adding it to the ceramic powder and then preparing the die by powder metallurgy. However, the addition of solid lubricants leads to a reduction in the overall mechanical properties of the matrix.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a micro-texture self-lubricating wire-drawing die based on a 3D printing technology. The method has the advantages that the pre-sintering wire-drawing die blank is prepared by a 3D printing technology, and the problem that the inner surface micro-texture structure is difficult to prepare by directly depending on a powder filling mode is solved; a solid lubricant is then added to the microtexture. The high temperature caused by the violent sliding friction of the working area of the wire-drawing die is utilized, so that the solid lubricant forms a self-lubricating film covering the whole working area. By combining the microtexturing with the solid lubricant, the overall mechanical properties of the matrix are not reduced because the solid lubricant is not added directly to the matrix of the die.
The invention is realized by the following modes:
a microtexture self-lubricating wire drawing die prepared by combining a 3D printing technology with hot-pressing sintering comprises the following preparation process steps:
(1) with Al2O3As a matrix, Ti (C, N), B4C is toughening reinforcing phase, wherein the mass content of Ti (C, N) is 5-15%, and B45-15% of C and Y2O3The powder is used as a sintering aid, and then ball milling is carried out on the composite powder for 120 hours by using ethanol as a medium;
(2) putting the ceramic composite powder subjected to ball milling into a vacuum drying oven for drying, and after the ceramic composite powder is cooled completely, sieving the ceramic composite powder by using a 120-mesh sieve;
(3) melting and mixing paraffin and hot melt adhesive according to different proportions at 120 ℃, adding 0.5-1% of Solsperse 17000 serving as a surfactant, and continuously stirring until the premixed solution is uniform;
(4) respectively adding Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Composite ceramic powderAdding the premixed solution and stirring to uniformly disperse the premixed solution;
(5) al prepared by FDM 3D printing and forming technology2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Controlling the temperature of slurry to be between 80 and 120 ℃ for the microtexture self-lubricating wire drawing die blank;
(6) mixing Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Placing the micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die blank body into a ceramic boat, and filling Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Compounding powder;
(7) placing the blank into a box-type heating furnace, slowly heating to the temperature of 750-;
(8) the Al after the glue is discharged2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Placing the micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die blank into a graphite die, and placing a graphite support rod into the inner hole;
(9) preparation of Al by hot pressing process2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3The micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die comprises the following process parameters: the sintering temperature is 1850-;
(10) to Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Solid self-lubricant MoS is added into inner hole of micro-texture self-lubricating wire-drawing die2Pressing the solid self-lubricating agent into the micro-texture structure by a conical rod in a rolling manner;
(11) al is formed by thermal expansion2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3The microtexture self-lubricating wire-drawing die is arranged in a prefabricated 45-steel sleeve.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microtextured self-lubricating wire-drawing die based on a 3D printing technology according to the present invention; wherein 1 is a micro-pit, and 2 is a wire-drawing die matrix.
Detailed Description
With Al2O3As a substrate, with Ti (C, N)、B4C is a toughening reinforcing phase, wherein the mass content of Ti (C, N) is 10 percent, and B is45% by mass of C and Y2O3The powder is used as a sintering aid, and then ball milling is carried out on the composite powder for 120 hours by using ethanol as a medium; putting the ceramic composite powder subjected to ball milling into a vacuum drying oven for drying, and after the ceramic composite powder is cooled completely, sieving the ceramic composite powder by using a 120-mesh sieve; melting and uniformly mixing paraffin and hot melt adhesive according to the proportion of 10:1 at 120 ℃, adding 1.2 mass percent of Solsperse 17000 serving as a surfactant, and continuously stirring until the premixed solution is uniform; respectively adding Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Adding the composite ceramic powder into the premixed liquid and stirring to uniformly disperse the premixed liquid; al prepared by FDM 3D printing and forming technology2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Controlling the temperature of slurry to be 115 ℃ in the microtexture self-lubricating wire drawing die blank; mixing Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Placing the micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die blank body into a ceramic boat, and filling Al2O3- Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Compounding powder; placing the blank into a box-type heating furnace, slowly heating to 900 ℃, and gradually decomposing and discharging paraffin and other organic matters in the blank at high temperature; the Al after the glue is discharged2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Placing the micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die blank into a graphite die, and placing a graphite support rod into the inner hole; preparation of Al by hot pressing process2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3The micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die comprises the following process parameters: the sintering temperature is 1800 ℃, the pressure is 35MPa, and the heat preservation time is 70 min; to Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Solid self-lubricant MoS is added into inner hole of micro-texture self-lubricating wire-drawing die2Pressing the solid self-lubricating agent into the micro-texture structure by a conical rod in a rolling manner; al is formed by thermal expansion2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3The microtexture self-lubricating wire-drawing die is arranged in a prefabricated 45-steel sleeve.
Claims (2)
1. Provides Al based on 3D printing technology2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3The self-lubricating micro-texture wire drawing die is characterized in that the self-lubricating micro-texture wire drawing die is applied to Al by means of 3D printing technology2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Preparing a micro-cavity (1) capable of storing a solid self-lubricating lubricant on the inner surface of the micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die; the solid lubricant forms a self-lubricating film covering the whole working area by utilizing the high temperature caused by the violent sliding friction in the working area of the wire-drawing die; the friction coefficient of the working area of the wire-drawing die is reduced by the solid lubricant of the micro-cavity (1);
the Al is2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3The preparation method of the micro-texture self-lubricating wire-drawing die comprises the following steps:
(1) with Al2O3As a matrix, Ti (C, N), B4C is toughening reinforcing phase, wherein the mass content of Ti (C, N) is 5-15%, and B45-15% of C and Y2O3The powder is used as a sintering aid, and then ball milling is carried out on the composite powder for 120 hours by using ethanol as a medium;
(2) putting the ceramic composite powder subjected to ball milling into a vacuum drying oven for drying, and after the ceramic composite powder is cooled completely, sieving the ceramic composite powder by using a 120-mesh sieve;
(3) melting and mixing paraffin and hot melt adhesive at 120 deg.C according to different proportions, adding 0.5-1.5% Solsperse 17000 as surfactant, and stirring to obtain a uniform premix;
(4) respectively adding Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Adding the composite ceramic powder into the premixed liquid and stirring to uniformly disperse the premixed liquid;
(5) al prepared by FDM 3D printing and forming technology2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Controlling the temperature of slurry to be between 80 and 120 ℃ for the microtexture self-lubricating wire drawing die blank;
(6) mixing Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Placing the micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die blank body into a ceramic boat, and filling Al2O3- Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Compounding powder;
(7) placing the blank into a box-type heating furnace, slowly heating to the temperature of 750-;
(8) the Al after the glue is discharged2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Placing the micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die blank into a graphite die, and placing a graphite support rod into the inner hole;
(9) preparation of Al by hot pressing process2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3The micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die comprises the following process parameters: the sintering temperature is 1850-.
2. Al according to claim 1, based on 3D printing technology2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3The micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die is characterized in that the filling process and the assembling process of a self-lubricating agent are as follows:
(1) to Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3Solid self-lubricant MoS is added into inner hole of micro-texture self-lubricating wire-drawing die2Pressing the solid self-lubricating agent into the micro-texture structure by a conical rod in a rolling manner;
(2) al is formed by thermal expansion2O3-Ti(C,N)-B4C-Y2O3The microtexture self-lubricating wire-drawing die is arranged in a prefabricated 45-steel sleeve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811114554.9A CN108975886B (en) | 2018-09-25 | 2018-09-25 | Micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die based on 3D printing technology |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811114554.9A CN108975886B (en) | 2018-09-25 | 2018-09-25 | Micro-texture self-lubricating wire drawing die based on 3D printing technology |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108975886A CN108975886A (en) | 2018-12-11 |
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| US4038858A (en) * | 1974-11-15 | 1977-08-02 | Rose M. DeZuba | Ceramic die and method of using same |
| JPS6059714A (en) * | 1983-09-13 | 1985-04-06 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Ceramic substrate for thin film magnetic head |
| JPS63107858A (en) * | 1986-10-23 | 1988-05-12 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Ceramic composite body |
| JPH01145368A (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1989-06-07 | Riken Corp | Ceramic draw die |
| CN1045946C (en) * | 1991-01-24 | 1999-10-27 | 合肥工业大学 | Ceramic drawing die with precise structure and its production process |
| JPH10323711A (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 1998-12-08 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Processing tool for drawing in the cold mill and manufacturing method for high alloy tube |
| CN102029298B (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2013-03-06 | 济南大学 | Al2O3/TiC ceramic drawing die and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103586296B (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2017-01-11 | 大连理工大学 | Mosaic ceramic drawing die and making method thereof |
| CN204523811U (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-08-05 | 盛利维尔（中国）新材料技术有限公司 | A kind of compound self-lubrication ceramic wire-drawing die |
| CN107584287A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2018-01-16 | 鲁东大学 | A kind of preparation method of micro- texture self-lubricating ceramic guide rail |
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