CN114145084A - Vibrating type deep loosening device and operation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vibrating type deep scarification device and an operation method, wherein the input end of a rotating shaft is connected with an external power device, the output end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a rotating disc, the rotating disc is provided with an outer peripheral part used for transmitting power, and the outer peripheral part is an annular output end formed by sequentially connecting and closing a plurality of wavy surfaces; the limiting shaft is fixed on the rack through a second base, one end of the limiting shaft is sleeved with a pre-tightening spring, the other end of the limiting shaft is provided with a connecting hole, the exciting disc is fixed at the end part of the limiting shaft and limits the pre-tightening spring between the exciting disc and the second base, the exciting disc is provided with an outer peripheral part for receiving power, the outer peripheral part is an annular input end formed by sequentially connecting and closing a plurality of wavy surfaces, and the annular input end of the exciting disc is in contact connection with the annular output end of the rotating disc; the connecting frame is hinged with the frame, the connecting rod is arranged at the connecting hole, the end part of the connecting rod is connected with the waist circular chute on the connecting frame in a sliding manner, and the subsoiler is fixed on the connecting frame. The invention provides a novel vibration type excitation source which can effectively solve the problem of vertical vibration of machines and tools caused by a polarization type excitation structure.

Description

Vibrating type deep loosening device and operation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a vibrating type deep scarification device and an operation method thereof.

Background

With the development of the traditional plowing technology, the contradiction between human beings and nature is more and more prominent, for example, although the plowing operation can remove the straw stubble and the weed on the ground, which is beneficial to seeding, the protection on the ground surface is also damaged, and the wind erosion and the water erosion of the soil are aggravated. The protective cultivation reduces the soil erosion of the farmland through less cultivation, no cultivation, the land surface micro-topography reconstruction technology, the land surface covering, reasonable planting and other comprehensive supporting measures, protects the ecological environment of the farmland and obtains the coordinated development of ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. The furrow plough is used as a main machine for agriculture in China for a long time, and a solid plough bottom layer with the thickness of about 5-15 cm is formed 15-30 cm below the soil surface by using the furrow plough, frequently ploughing and fertilizing and other traditional cultivation modes and a tractor for long-time rolling, so that the plough bottom layer is not beneficial to the development of crop root systems, and the water and air permeability of soil is influenced.

The deep scarification technology is an effective measure for realizing protective cultivation, and can break the plough bottom layer and deepen the plough layer on the premise of not turning over the soil, thereby realizing the purposes of improving the soil structure, reducing the soil erosion and improving the water storage and soil moisture conservation capacity. Developed countries such as the United states, Germany and Japan begin to research and apply subsoiling technology from the last 80 th century, and the subsoiler needs to overcome huge soil plough bottom layer crushing and extrusion resistance during working, a tractor is needed to provide large traction force, and the embarrassing situation of 'big horse pulls a small car' is often caused.

In order to reduce the traction resistance and energy consumption, domestic and foreign scholars gradually introduce a vibration type drag reduction technology, wherein the vibration type drag reduction can be divided into active forced vibration and passive self-excited vibration, wherein the forced vibration mainly utilizes an external excitation source to drive a subsoiler to vibrate to generate two-dimensional cutting, so that the resistance of the forced vibration is smaller than the maximum resistance of soil plastic deformation, and the characteristic of plastic deformation is obtained, thereby achieving the purpose of subsoiling drag reduction. The existing active vibration excitation source is mainly of an eccentric block or eccentric cam type structure, the eccentric vibration excitation source causes the self vibration of the machine tool to be large, meanwhile, the vibration frequency of the eccentric vibration excitation source is often the rotating speed frequency of a tractor output shaft (PTO), the adjustment range is narrow and cannot be adjusted, the existing machine tool cannot work according to local conditions due to complex factors such as soil texture difference and water content difference of various regions, the machine tool is easy to damage due to improper use, the operation effect is poor, and the subsequent agriculture and crop growth are influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a vibration type deep scarification device and an operation method thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art, which effectively solve the problem of vertical vibration of machines and tools caused by a polarization type excitation structure, simultaneously, excitation sources with different tooth numbers can generate different operation frequencies, and applicable parts can be selected according to different soils.

The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a vibrating type subsoiler, which comprises a three-point suspension bracket, a rack, an excitation mechanism and a subsoiler; the machine frame is connected with an external power device through a three-point suspension frame, and the vibration excitation mechanism is fixed on the machine frame and used for transmitting the power of the external power device to the subsoiler; the vibration excitation mechanism comprises a first vibration excitation assembly, a second vibration excitation assembly and a vibration excitation output assembly, the first vibration excitation assembly comprises a first base, a rotating shaft and a rotating disk, the rotating shaft is fixed on the rack through the first base, the input end of the rotating shaft is connected with an external power device, the output end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the rotating disk, the rotating disk is provided with an outer peripheral part used for transmitting power, and the outer peripheral part is an annular output end formed by sequentially connecting and closing a plurality of wavy surfaces; the second excitation assembly comprises a second base, a pre-tightening spring, a limiting shaft and an excitation disc, the limiting shaft is fixed on the rack through the second base, one end of the limiting shaft is sleeved with the pre-tightening spring, the other end of the limiting shaft is provided with a connecting hole, the excitation disc is fixed at the end part of the limiting shaft to limit the pre-tightening spring between the excitation disc and the second base, the excitation disc is provided with a peripheral part for receiving power, the peripheral part is an annular input end formed by sequentially connecting and closing a plurality of wavy surfaces, and the annular input end of the excitation disc is in contact connection with the annular output end of the rotating disc; the shock excitation output assembly comprises a connecting frame and a connecting rod, the connecting frame is hinged to the rack, a waist-shaped sliding groove is formed in the top of the connecting frame, the connecting rod is arranged at the position of the connecting hole, the end portion of the connecting rod is connected with the waist-shaped sliding groove in a sliding mode, and the two sides of the connecting frame are fixedly connected with the subsoiler through shock excitation shafts.

Further perfecting the technical scheme, the contour lines of the annular output end and the annular input end conform to a sine periodic function or a sawtooth periodic function.

Further, the contour lines of the annular output end and the annular input end conform to a sine periodic function, and the equation is as follows: y = Asin (trajpar 360 n), wherein A is amplitude and ranges from 6 to 10mm, and n is period and ranges from 3 to 10.

Furthermore, the frame comprises a square tube and two cross beams which are arranged in parallel, one end of each cross beam is connected to the middle of the square tube, and the other end of each cross beam is opposite to the other end of each cross beam to form an open structure; the first base comprises a first base and a first supporting seat arranged on the first base, the first base is of a right-angle structure, the front end of the first base is erected on the square pipe, the rear end of the first base is embedded between the two cross beams and is fastened through a connecting piece, and the first supporting seat is of a U-shaped structure and is provided with two side walls which are oppositely arranged; the second base comprises a second base and a second supporting seat arranged on the second base, the second base is bridged outside the two cross beams and is fastened through a connecting piece, and the second supporting seat is of a U-shaped structure and is provided with two side walls which are arranged oppositely.

Furthermore, the input end to the output end of the rotating shaft are three-step stepped shafts, a second step shaft section and a third step shaft section of the rotating shaft are fixed on two opposite side walls of the first supporting seat through a first bearing and a second bearing respectively, and the diameter of the first bearing is smaller than that of the second bearing.

Furthermore, two planes which are arranged oppositely are milled on the limiting shaft along the axial direction, and limiting holes which are the same as the cross section of the limiting shaft are arranged on two opposite side walls of the second supporting seat.

Further, the link includes two risers and connects two diaphragms between two risers, and two riser settings are two between the crossbeam and the riser bottom is connected with the crossbeam through the rotatory round pin axle, the setting of waist circular spout is at two riser tops, and the two riser outsides are connected with the excitation axle outside outstanding crossbeam respectively, excitation axle tip with the subsoiler links to each other.

The method for operating the vibrating type deep scarification device by adopting the device comprises the following steps:

(1) the frame is connected with an external power device through a three-point suspension, and a power output shaft of the external power device is connected with an input end of a rotating shaft;

(2) starting an external power device and lifting a power output shaft to a rated rotating speed, driving a rotating disc to rotate by a rotating shaft, and engaging an annular input end of an excitation disc with an annular output end of the rotating disc under the action of a pre-tightening force of a pre-tightening spring;

(3) the annular input end of the excitation disc is extruded by the annular output end of the rotating disc and drives the limiting shaft to move axially, the limiting shaft drives the connecting frame to move through the connecting rod, and the connecting frame is limited by the rotating pin shaft to rotate around the rotating pin shaft, so that the subsoiler connected to the two sides of the connecting frame generates reverse displacement;

(4) the resistance that subsoiler received in soil passes through the link and transmits to spacing axle, and the annular input of vibration excitation dish keeps laminating with the annular output of rotary disk under spacing axle and pretension spring's effort, and the binding face produces reciprocating displacement along with the rotation of rotary disk and forms periodic motion, and then drive subsoiler and produce periodic motion.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention has the advantages that: the invention adopts a symmetrical excitation source design, effectively solves the problem of vertical vibration of machines and tools caused by a polarization type excitation structure, simultaneously, the excitation sources with different tooth numbers can generate different operating frequencies, and applicable parts can be selected according to different soils. When the rotation speed of an output shaft of the tractor is 540r/min, the achievable vibration frequency is 27-90Hz according to the different tooth numbers of the selected excitation sources, the maximum deep scarification depth can reach 500mm when the tractor is vibrated, the distance between the two shovels is 400mm, and the disturbance width can reach 600 mm; the vibration impact force generated by the sawtooth excitation source is stronger, and the sawtooth excitation source is suitable for being used in areas with serious soil hardening.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the excitation mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first excitation assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second excitation assembly according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotating disk and a vibration excitation disk adopting sawtooth periodic functions.

In the figure: 1. a three-point suspension bracket; 2. a frame; 3. an excitation mechanism; 4. a connecting frame; 5. a subsoiling shovel; 6. rotating the pin shaft; 7. a connecting rod; 30. a first base; 31. a first bearing; 32. a second bearing; 33. rotating the disc; 34. an excitation plate; 35. pre-tightening the spring; 36. a second base; 37. a limiting shaft; 38. and rotating the shaft.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

The vibrating subsoiler shown in fig. 1 to 3 comprises a three-point suspension bracket 1, a frame 2, an excitation mechanism 3 and a subsoiler 5; the frame 2 is connected with a tractor through a three-point suspension bracket 1, the vibration excitation mechanism 3 is fixed on the frame 2, the subsoiler 5 is connected at the tail end of the frame 2, and the vibration excitation mechanism 3 transmits the power of the tractor to the subsoiler 5.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the frame 2 includes a square tube and two parallel beams, one end of each beam is connected to the middle of the square tube, and the other end of each beam is opposite to form an open structure. The excitation mechanism 3 comprises a first excitation component, a second excitation component and an excitation output component, the excitation output component comprises a connecting rod 7 and a connecting frame 4 which is composed of two vertical plates and two transverse plates connected between the two vertical plates, the two vertical plates are arranged between the two transverse beams, the bottoms of the vertical plates are connected with the transverse beams through rotating pin shafts 6, waist-shaped sliding grooves are formed in the tops of the two vertical plates, excitation shafts protruding out of the transverse beams are respectively connected to the outer sides of the two vertical plates, and the end portions of the excitation shafts are connected with the subsoiler 5.

As shown in fig. 6, the first excitation assembly includes a first base, a first supporting seat, a rotating shaft 38, and a rotating disk 33, the first base is a right-angle structure, the front end of the first base is erected on the square pipe, the rear end of the first base is embedded between the two cross beams and fastened through a connecting piece, the first supporting seat is a U-shaped structure and has two side walls which are oppositely arranged; the input end to the output end of the rotating shaft 38 are three-step shafts, a second step shaft section and a third step shaft section of the rotating shaft 38 are respectively fixed on two opposite side walls of the first supporting seat through a first bearing 31 and a second bearing 33, and the diameter of the first bearing 31 is smaller than that of the second bearing 33; the input end of the rotating shaft 38 is connected with the power output end of the tractor, and the output end of the rotating shaft 38 is fixedly connected with the rotating disc 33.

As shown in fig. 7, the second excitation assembly includes a first base, a first support seat, a pre-tightening spring 35, a limit shaft 37, and an excitation disc 34, the second base is bridged outside the two cross beams and fastened by a connecting member, and the second support seat is a U-shaped structure and has two side walls which are arranged oppositely. Two planes which are arranged oppositely are milled on the limiting shaft 37 along the axial direction, and limiting holes with the same cross section as the limiting shaft 37 are arranged on two opposite side walls of the second supporting seat. One end of the limiting shaft 37 is sleeved with a pre-tightening spring 35, the other end of the limiting shaft is provided with a connecting hole, the vibration excitation disc 34 is fixed at the end part of the limiting shaft 37 to limit the pre-tightening spring 35 between the vibration excitation disc 34 and the second supporting seat, the connecting rod 7 is arranged at the connecting hole, and the end part of the connecting rod 7 is connected with the kidney-shaped sliding groove in a sliding mode.

The rotating disc 33 is provided with an outer peripheral part for transmitting power, and the outer peripheral part is an annular output end formed by sequentially connecting and closing a plurality of wave-shaped surfaces; the vibration exciting disc 34 has an outer peripheral part for receiving power, the outer peripheral part is an annular input end formed by sequentially connecting and closing a plurality of wave-shaped surfaces, and the annular input end of the vibration exciting disc 34 is in contact connection with the annular output end of the rotating disc 33.

In fig. 4 to 7, the contour lines of the ring-shaped output end and the ring-shaped input end conform to a sine periodic function, and the equations are: y = Asin (trajpar 360 × n), where a is the amplitude, n is the period, a takes on a value of 8mm, and n takes on a value of 6.

In fig. 8, the contour lines of the ring-shaped output terminal and the ring-shaped input terminal conform to the sawtooth periodic function.

In a static state of the machine, firstly, a first fixed seat 30 in an excitation device 3 is installed on a rack 2 through bolts, then, an input shaft 2 provided with a first bearing 31 and a second bearing 32 is installed on a first base 30, a pre-tightening spring 35 is installed on a second base 36 after being sleeved on the end face of an excitation disc 34, then, after the excitation disc 34 is attached to a rotating disc 33, pre-tightening force is applied to enable the pre-tightening spring 35 to deform, and then, installation positioning holes of the second base 36 in a second excitation assembly are aligned with installation holes in the rack 2 and then are fixed through bolts; the subsoiler 5 is arranged on the connecting frame 4, after the connecting frame 4 is hinged and fixed with the frame 2 through the rotating pin shaft 6, the connecting hole on the limiting shaft 37 is connected with the waist-shaped sliding groove at the top of the connecting frame 4 through the connecting rod 7, so that the connecting rod 7 slides in the waist-shaped sliding groove.

During field operation, the three-point suspension frame 1 of the implement is firstly hung on a tractor, the rotating shaft 38 is connected with an output shaft of the tractor through a universal coupling, then the tractor is started, the power output shaft is lifted to a rated rotating speed, the rotating shaft 38 drives the rotating disc 33 in the excitation device 3 to rotate, the excitation disc 34 is meshed with the rotating disc 33 under the action of the pre-tightening force of the pre-tightening spring 35, the limiting shaft 37 cannot rotate along with the second fixing frame due to the fact that the limiting shaft 37 is limited by the second fixing frame, the meshing surface of the excitation disc 34 is extruded by the rotating disc 33 to drive the limiting shaft 37 to move, the limiting shaft 37 drives the connecting frame 4 to move through the connecting rod 7, and the connecting frame 4 rotates around the rotating pin 6 due to the fact that the connecting frame 4 is limited by the rotating pin 6, and the subsoiler 5 located at the other end of the connecting frame 4 generates reverse displacement.

The resistance of the subsoiler 5 in the soil is transmitted to the limiting shaft 37 through the connecting frame 4, the vibration exciting disc 34 is continuously kept attached to the rotating disc 33 under the double acting force conditions of the limiting shaft 37 and the pre-tightening spring 35, the attaching surface generates reciprocating displacement along with the rotation of the rotating disc 33 to form periodic motion, and therefore the subsoiler is driven to generate periodic motion.

As noted above, while the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it is not to be construed as limited thereto. Various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A vibrating type subsoiler comprises a three-point suspension bracket, a frame, an excitation mechanism and a subsoiler; the machine frame is connected with an external power device through a three-point suspension frame, and the vibration excitation mechanism is fixed on the machine frame and used for transmitting the power of the external power device to the subsoiler; the method is characterized in that: the vibration excitation mechanism comprises a first vibration excitation assembly, a second vibration excitation assembly and a vibration excitation output assembly, the first vibration excitation assembly comprises a first base, a rotating shaft and a rotating disk, the rotating shaft is fixed on the rack through the first base, the input end of the rotating shaft is connected with an external power device, the output end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the rotating disk, the rotating disk is provided with an outer peripheral part used for transmitting power, and the outer peripheral part is an annular output end formed by sequentially connecting and closing a plurality of wavy surfaces; the second excitation assembly comprises a second base, a pre-tightening spring, a limiting shaft and an excitation disc, the limiting shaft is fixed on the rack through the second base, one end of the limiting shaft is sleeved with the pre-tightening spring, the other end of the limiting shaft is provided with a connecting hole, the excitation disc is fixed at the end part of the limiting shaft to limit the pre-tightening spring between the excitation disc and the second base, the excitation disc is provided with a peripheral part for receiving power, the peripheral part is an annular input end formed by sequentially connecting and closing a plurality of wavy surfaces, and the annular input end of the excitation disc is in contact connection with the annular output end of the rotating disc; the shock excitation output assembly comprises a connecting frame and a connecting rod, the connecting frame is hinged to the rack, a waist-shaped sliding groove is formed in the top of the connecting frame, the connecting rod is arranged at the position of the connecting hole, the end portion of the connecting rod is connected with the waist-shaped sliding groove in a sliding mode, and the two sides of the connecting frame are fixedly connected with the subsoiler through shock excitation shafts.

2. A vibratory subsoiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the contour lines of the annular output end and the annular input end conform to a sine periodic function or a sawtooth periodic function.

3. A vibratory subsoiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the contour lines of the annular output end and the annular input end conform to a sine periodic function, and the equation is as follows: y = Asin (trajpar 360 n), wherein A is amplitude and ranges from 6 to 10mm, and n is period and ranges from 3 to 10.

4. A vibratory subsoiler as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the frame comprises a square tube and two cross beams which are arranged in parallel, one end of each cross beam is connected to the middle of the square tube, and the other end of each cross beam is opposite to form an open structure; the first base comprises a first base and a first supporting seat arranged on the first base, the first base is of a right-angle structure, the front end of the first base is erected on the square pipe, the rear end of the first base is embedded between the two cross beams and is fastened through a connecting piece, and the first supporting seat is of a U-shaped structure and is provided with two side walls which are oppositely arranged; the second base comprises a second base and a second supporting seat arranged on the second base, the second base is bridged outside the two cross beams and is fastened through a connecting piece, and the second supporting seat is of a U-shaped structure and is provided with two side walls which are arranged oppositely.

5. A vibratory subsoiler as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the input end to the output end of the rotating shaft are three-step stepped shafts, a second step shaft section and a third step shaft section of the rotating shaft are fixed on two opposite side walls of the first supporting seat through a first bearing and a second bearing respectively, and the diameter of the first bearing is smaller than that of the second bearing.

6. A vibratory subsoiler as claimed in claim 4, wherein: two planes which are arranged oppositely are milled on the limiting shaft along the axial direction, and limiting holes with the same cross section as the limiting shaft are arranged on two opposite side walls of the second supporting seat.

7. A vibratory subsoiler as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the link includes two risers and connects two diaphragms between two risers, and two riser settings are two between the crossbeam and the riser bottom is connected with the crossbeam through the swivel pin axle, the setting of waist circular spout is at two riser tops, and the two riser outsides are connected with the excitation axle outside outstanding crossbeam respectively, excitation axle tip with the subsoiler links to each other.

8. A method of operating a vibratory subsoiler, comprising the steps of:

(1) the frame is connected with an external power device through a three-point suspension, and a power output shaft of the external power device is connected with an input end of a rotating shaft;

(2) starting an external power device and lifting a power output shaft to a rated rotating speed, driving a rotating disc to rotate by a rotating shaft, and engaging an annular input end of an excitation disc with an annular output end of the rotating disc under the action of a pre-tightening force of a pre-tightening spring;

(3) the annular input end of the excitation disc is extruded by the annular output end of the rotating disc and drives the limiting shaft to move axially, the limiting shaft drives the connecting frame to move through the connecting rod, and the connecting frame is limited by the rotating pin shaft to rotate around the rotating pin shaft, so that the subsoiler connected to the two sides of the connecting frame generates reverse displacement;

(4) the resistance that subsoiler received in soil passes through the link and transmits to spacing axle, and the annular input of vibration excitation dish keeps laminating with the annular output of rotary disk under spacing axle and pretension spring's effort, and the binding face produces reciprocating displacement along with the rotation of rotary disk and forms periodic motion, and then drive subsoiler and produce periodic motion.

Images