CN114134906A

CN114134906A - Construction method of vertical shaft structure

Info

Publication number: CN114134906A
Application number: CN202111361472.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卓华顺; 杨海鸿; 薛希杰
Original assignee: Fujian Huaye Engineering Construction Co ltd
Current assignee: Fujian Huaye Engineering Construction Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-17
Filing date: 2021-11-17
Publication date: 2022-03-04

Abstract

The application discloses a construction method of a vertical shaft structure, which comprises the following steps: (1) pouring a locking hole ring on the ground according to the design requirement, wherein the upper end of the locking hole ring is higher than the surface of the ground, and a hoisting device is arranged beside the locking hole ring; (2) excavating a well body; carrying out slag stone out by adopting a mode of combining manual excavation, pick excavation and drilling and blasting excavation through hoisting equipment; (3) the construction of the retaining wall is carried out after the excavation depth is 1.5-2m each time, the convex blocks of the well wall are cleaned firstly during the construction of the retaining wall, then the reinforcing mesh is bound, the template assembly is placed into the well, and then concrete pouring is carried out; (4) the bottom surface of the vertical shaft is provided with a falling groove for accommodating the round seat, and the round seat and the vertical shaft are concentrically arranged when the template component is placed in the vertical shaft; (5) and after the concrete reaches the required hardness, the auxiliary plate is detached. This application has the effect of conveniently setting up the template when pouring the dado.

Description

Construction method of vertical shaft structure

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction, in particular to a construction method of a vertical shaft structure.

Background

At present, the vertical shaft is widely applied to projects such as water conservancy projects and tunnel projects, and the vertical shaft is usually gradually excavated downwards from the ground in the excavation process. When the vertical shaft is excavated downwards to a certain depth, potential safety hazards such as falling and collapse of stones exist on the inner wall of the vertical shaft, so that concrete retaining wall construction is usually carried out on the inner wall of the vertical shaft after the vertical shaft is excavated to the certain depth in the construction process, namely concrete is poured on the side wall of the vertical shaft for reinforcement, and then excavation of the next depth is carried out.

In the related technology, when the concrete retaining wall of the inner wall of the small and medium-sized vertical shaft is constructed, a plurality of templates are firstly spliced into the template wall, the template wall can enclose a circular structure and has a diameter smaller than that of the inner wall of the vertical shaft, a space is formed between the template wall and the inner wall of the vertical shaft, concrete can be poured after a reinforcing mesh is installed in the space, and demolding is carried out after the concrete is solidified.

Aiming at the related technologies, the inventor thinks that the building process is complicated due to more building parts of the template in the construction process, and the operation is troublesome because the template needs to be built every time when the template is excavated to a certain depth.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to conveniently erect the template during construction, the application provides a construction method of a vertical shaft structure.

The application provides a construction method of a vertical shaft structure, which adopts the following technical scheme:

a construction method of a vertical shaft structure comprises the following steps:

(1) pouring a locking hole ring on the ground according to the design requirement, wherein the upper end of the locking hole ring is higher than the surface of the ground, and a hoisting device is arranged beside the locking hole ring;

(2) excavating a well body; carrying out slag stone out by adopting a mode of combining manual excavation, pick excavation and drilling and blasting excavation through hoisting equipment;

(3) the construction of the retaining wall is carried out after the excavation depth is 1.5-2m each time, the convex blocks of the well wall are cleaned firstly during the construction of the retaining wall, then the reinforcing mesh is bound, the template assembly is placed into the well, and then concrete pouring is carried out; the template assembly comprises a round seat and arc plates, the arc plates are uniformly provided with four arc plates along the circumferential direction of the round seat, grouting openings are formed in the arc plates, the arc openings of the arc plates are deviated from the well wall, vertical plates are arranged on one sides of the arc openings of the arc plates, positioning blocks are arranged on the upper surface of the round seat, the lower surfaces of the vertical plates are connected to the positioning blocks in a sliding mode, the vertical plates slide along the radial direction of the round seat, locking parts used for positioning the vertical plates are arranged between the positioning blocks and the vertical plates, the arc plates can be positioned through the locking parts when exceeding the surface of the round seat or being accommodated on the round seat, and lifting rings are arranged at the positions, close to the arc plates, of the upper ends of the vertical plates;

the upper surface of the circular seat is coaxially provided with a rotating rod extending upwards, the outer wall of the rotating rod is in threaded connection with a connecting ring, hinge rods are hinged to the connecting ring, the hinge rods correspond to the vertical plates one by one, one ends, far away from the connecting ring, of the hinge rods are hinged to the adjacent vertical plates, when the vertical plates are positioned by the locking parts, all the arc plates are positioned on the same circle, and gaps exist between the arc plates and the well wall;

(4) the template assembly also comprises a plurality of auxiliary plates, the auxiliary plates are of circular arc structures and are used for closing gaps between the adjacent circular arc plates, positioning pieces for positioning the auxiliary plates are arranged between the auxiliary plates and the adjacent vertical plates, the auxiliary plates and the circular arc plates form a complete circle, and after the auxiliary plates and the circular arc plates are installed, concrete is poured into the gaps between the well wall and the auxiliary plates;

(5) after the concrete reaches the hardness of requirement, pull down the accessory plate to the dwang rotates for the riser is to the direction motion that is close to the dwang, then fixes a position the riser through the retaining member, hangs out the template subassembly again, then continues the excavation of next degree of depth.

By adopting the technical scheme, the arc plate is arranged on the circular seat, the arc plate and the circular seat can be lifted into the vertical shaft through the hoisting equipment, in the lifting process, the vertical plate is slid to enable the vertical plate to move towards the direction close to the circle center of the circular seat, the vertical plate is positioned through the locking piece, and the arc plate can be positioned on the circular seat, so that the condition that the arc plate collides with the inner wall of the vertical shaft in the lifting process can be reduced, the arc plate and the circular seat can be lifted into the vertical shaft simultaneously, when the lifting device is used, the position of the circular seat is adjusted to enable the circular seat and the vertical shaft to be concentrically arranged, then a certain gap for pouring concrete is formed between the arc plate and the inner wall of the vertical shaft through the sliding vertical plate, and then the vertical plate is positioned through the locking piece; when the vertical plates are driven to slide, the connecting rings can be driven to move by rotating the rotating rods, and all the vertical plates can be driven to slide simultaneously under the action of the hinge rods, so that the complexity of the template in use is reduced; and finally, installing an auxiliary plate, and positioning the auxiliary plate through a positioning piece, so that concrete can be poured finally.

Optionally, a sliding groove is formed in the lower surface of the vertical plate, and the upper end of the positioning block slides in the sliding groove.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, locating piece sliding connection is in the sliding tray to realize riser sliding connection on the circle seat.

Optionally, the side wall of the vertical plate is provided with a through hole, the through hole is provided with two through holes along the radial direction of the round seat, the locking piece comprises a screw rod and locking nuts in threaded connection at two ends of the screw rod, and the screw rod can penetrate through the through hole and the positioning block.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the riser slides to the position of needs after, the perforation is worn to establish by the screw rod to install lock nut and make lock nut support tightly in the both sides of riser, thereby link together riser and locating piece, fix a position the riser.

Optionally, the round seat upper surface is provided with supplementary piece, supplementary piece and locating piece one-to-one, supplementary piece and adjacent locating piece are in the same radius of round seat on and supplementary piece is located between the centre of a circle of locating piece and round seat, the sliding tray link up to the riser and is close to one side of supplementary piece, work as supplementary piece can slide into the sliding tray when the riser slides, just also be provided with the retaining member between supplementary piece and the riser.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the riser slides to the centre of a circle of circle seat, supplementary piece can slide in the sliding tray to fix a position through the retaining member, also can fix a position the riser this moment between locating piece and the riser, can improve the stability of riser when connecting on the circle seat under the combined action of locating piece and supplementary piece, consequently have better stability at the in-process of handling.

Optionally, the positioning element includes an extension rod disposed on one side of an arc opening of the auxiliary plate, and a positioning rod disposed on the extension rod and far away from one end of the auxiliary plate, the positioning rod is of an arc structure, insertion blocks extending downwards are disposed at two ends of the positioning rod, insertion sockets are disposed on two sides of the vertical plate, insertion sockets for insertion of the insertion blocks are disposed on the insertion sockets, anti-dropping members for limiting the insertion blocks to be separated from the insertion sockets are disposed on the insertion sockets, and when two ends of the positioning rod are connected to the insertion sockets, the auxiliary plate and the arc plate form a complete circle.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the both ends of locating lever are passed through the inserted block and are pegged graft in the bayonet socket to fix a position the accessory plate, the accessory plate is difficult to take place to remove when concreting.

Optionally, a step edge for abutting against the side edge of the arc plate is formed on the auxiliary plate.

By adopting the technical scheme, when the auxiliary plate is arranged between the arc plates, the two sides of the circular ring can be abutted against the inner side of the step edge, so that the sealing property between the auxiliary plate and the arc plates is improved, and the possibility of slurry leakage is reduced.

Optionally, the anti-disengaging piece includes that threaded connection deviates from the anti-disengaging pole of accessory plate one side in the bayonet socket, the one end of anti-disengaging pole extends in the inserting groove, just the round hole that supplies the tip grafting of anti-disengaging pole is seted up to the lateral wall of inserted block.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, anticreep pole threaded connection is on the plug socket and one end can peg graft in the round hole to make the inserted block can not break away from in the inserting groove, improve the stability of accessory plate when pouring.

Optionally, a plurality of extension rods are arranged on the auxiliary plate, the extension rods are uniformly arranged in the vertical direction, and the length of the extension rod below is greater than that of the extension rod above between two adjacent extension rods.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the length of extension rod is different for the position and the length of corresponding locating lever of connecting on the extension rod are also different, and extension rod top-down length presents and increases the structure, thereby makes the locating lever can support the accessory plate from different space dimensions, further improves the support stability to the accessory plate.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following benefits:

1. the circular arc plate and the circular base are hoisted into the vertical shaft through hoisting equipment, then the positions of the circular arc plate and the circular base are adjusted, and finally the auxiliary plate is hoisted into the vertical shaft to complete the installation of the auxiliary plate, so that the complexity of erecting the template is reduced;

2. the positioning rod supports the auxiliary plate from different three-dimensional space dimensions, and the stability of the auxiliary plate is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a template assembly installed in a shaft in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the state of the circular arc plate and the circular base during lifting in the embodiment of the application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram showing the connection between the vertical plate and the circular base in the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a state in which an arc plate and an auxiliary plate are enclosed to form a complete circular structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the auxiliary plate.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a locking collar; 2. a template assembly; 21. a circular arc plate; 22. a round base; 23. an auxiliary plate; 3. grouting ports; 4. a vertical plate; 5. positioning blocks; 6. a locking member; 61. a screw; 62. locking the nut; 7. a hoisting ring; 8. rotating the rod; 9. a connecting ring; 10. a hinged lever; 11. a position falling groove; 12. a positioning member; 121. an extension rod; 122. positioning a rod; 123. inserting a block; 124. a socket; 125. inserting grooves; 13. a sliding groove; 14. perforating; 15. an auxiliary block; 16. a drop-off prevention member; 161. an anti-drop rod; 17. a step edge; 18. a circular hole; 19. concrete dado; 20. a lifting rope; 201. a vertical section; 202. a branching section; 23. the disk is held.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-5.

The embodiment of the application discloses a construction method of a vertical shaft structure. The construction method of the vertical shaft structure comprises the following steps;

(1) the method comprises the steps of selecting a site to be constructed, excavating a locking notch on the ground according to design requirements, firstly excavating mechanically, then finishing manually, building a reinforcement cage after the excavation is finished, and then pouring a locking notch ring 1, wherein the upper end of the locking notch ring 1 is 35-45cm higher than the ground surface. After the pouring of the locking ring 1 is finished, installing a portal frame on the periphery of the locking ring 1, wherein the portal frame is provided with hoisting equipment such as a crane and the like for hoisting the equipment and conveying waste residues;

(2) excavating a well body; controlling the circle center position of the vertical shaft, excavating in a mode of downward excavating from top to bottom, adopting a mode of combining manual excavating, pick excavating and chiseling and blasting excavating according to conditions in the excavating process, and transporting out the slag stones through hoisting equipment;

(3) the construction of dado is carried out after excavation depth 1.5-2m each time, the clearance wall of a well is cleared up earlier during the dado construction, keeps the planarization of wall of a well surface, then the reinforcing bar net is bound, the reinforcing bar net is fixed in the wall of a well through the stock, then put into the shaft with template subassembly 2, template subassembly 2 can form the template structure in the shaft, the space between shaft and template subassembly 2 forms the space that is used for concreting.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the template assembly 2 includes a circular seat 22 and an arc plate 21, the arc plate 21 is uniformly provided with four along the circumferential direction of the circular seat 22, a vertical plate 4 is fixed on one side of the arc opening on the arc plate 21, and the vertical plate 4 coincides with the radial direction of the arc plate 21. The vertical height of the vertical plate 4 is the same as that of the arc plate 21, the vertical plate 4 slides on the upper surface of the circular seat 22, and the vertical plate 4 slides along the radial direction of the circular seat 22. In order to realize the sliding connection of the vertical plate 4, the positioning block 5 is fixed on the upper surface of the round seat 22, the sliding groove 13 is formed at the lower end of the vertical plate 4, and the positioning block 5 is slidably connected in the sliding groove 13, so that the vertical plate 4 can slide. Furthermore, the positioning block 5 can be a T-shaped structure, the sliding groove 13 is a structure matched with the positioning block 5, and when the vertical plate 4 slides on the circular seat 22, the lower end surface of the vertical plate 4 abuts against the upper surface of the circular seat 22.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a locking member 6 is further installed between the circular arc plate 21 and the positioning block 5, and the locking member 6 is used for positioning the vertical plate 4. When the vertical plate 4 slides in the direction away from the center of the circular seat 22, the circular arc plate 21 has a part which exceeds the side wall of the circular seat 22, and the outer diameter of the circle where the circular arc plate 21 is located is smaller than the inner diameter of the vertical shaft, so that a space for pouring concrete is formed between the circular arc plate 21 and the wall of the vertical shaft. When the circular arc plate 21 slides into the circular seat 22 or the circular arc plate 21 is stored on the circular seat 22, the positioning can be carried out by the locking piece 6.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the template assembly 2 further includes a plurality of auxiliary plates 23, the auxiliary plates 23 are circular arc structures, the auxiliary plates 23 are installed between two adjacent circular arc plates 21, and a positioning member 12 for positioning the auxiliary plates 23 is further installed between the auxiliary plates 23 and the circular arc plates 21. After the auxiliary plate 23 is installed, the circular arc plate 21 and the auxiliary plate 23 can be enclosed to form a complete circular ring structure. And a grouting opening 3 is formed in the side wall of the upper end of the circular arc plate 21, so that concrete can be poured into a space between the circular arc plate 21 and the wall of the vertical shaft.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the vertical plate 4 is provided with two through holes 14 penetrating through two sides of the vertical plate 4, the through holes 14 are communicated with the sliding groove 13, the through holes 14 are provided with two groups, and the two groups of through holes 14 are located on the same horizontal plane. Retaining member 6 is including wearing to establish the screw rod 61 of locating piece 5 and perforation 14 simultaneously to and threaded connection is in the lock nut 62 on the outer wall of screw rod 61 both ends, and lock nut 62 supports tightly in the both sides of riser 4, can link together locating piece 5 and riser 4. Because two groups of through holes 14 are formed, after the vertical plate 4 slides towards the direction away from the circle center of the circular seat 22, the vertical plate 4 can be positioned, so that the circular arc plate 21 is not easy to move when concrete is poured; when the vertical plate 4 slides toward the center of the circular seat 22, the circular arc plate 21 is accommodated in the circular seat 22, and the vertical plate 4 can also be positioned at this time.

Referring to fig. 2, a lifting ring 7 is fixed on the upper end surface of the vertical plate 4 near the arc plate 21, a lifting rope 20 is connected to the lifting equipment, the lifting rope 20 includes a vertical section 201 and branch sections 202 connected to the lower end of the vertical section 201, and the branch sections 202 are provided with four parts corresponding to the lifting rings 7 one by one. The lifting ring 7 is fixed at the position, close to the arc plate 21, of the upper end of the vertical plate 4, so that the included angle between the branch section 202 and the vertical section 201 is larger, and the possibility of shaking in the lifting process is reduced.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in order to facilitate the sliding of the driving vertical plate 4, the rotating rod 8 is rotatably mounted on the upper surface of the circular seat 22, and the rotating rod 8 is coaxially mounted on the circular seat 22 by means of a bearing or the like. Threaded connection has go-between 9 on the outer wall of dwang 8, and it has four hinged rods 10 to articulate on the lateral wall of go-between 9, and hinged rod 10 and riser 4 one-to-one, and hinged rod 10 keeps away from the one end of go-between 9 and articulates on adjacent riser 4. When the standing plate 4 is received on the round seat 22, the hinge rod 10 is inclined downward. When the rotating rod 8 rotates, the connecting ring 9 moves upwards, and the hinge rod 10 can drive the vertical plate 4 to slide away from the rotating rod 8. In order to facilitate the rotation of the rotating rod 8, a holding plate 23 is fixed on the side wall of the lower end of the rotating rod 8.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, further, four auxiliary blocks 15 are fixed on the circular seat 22, the auxiliary blocks 15 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the circular seat 22, and the auxiliary blocks 15 correspond to the positioning blocks 5 one to one. The structure of the auxiliary block 15 is the same as that of the positioning block 5, and each auxiliary block 15 and positioning block 5 are on the same diameter of the circular seat 22. The sliding groove 13 of the vertical plate 4 penetrates through the vertical plate 4 on one side facing the rotating rod 8, and when the vertical plate 4 slides towards the rotating rod 8, the auxiliary block 15 can slide into the sliding groove 13. And also install retaining member 6 between auxiliary block 15 and the riser 4, when riser 4 was accomodate on round seat 22, locating piece 5 and auxiliary block 15 can be fixed a position riser 4 simultaneously to further improve the stability of riser 4 and round seat 22 in handling process.

(4) Referring to fig. 1 and 4, a falling groove 11 for accommodating a circular seat 22 is formed in the bottom surface of the shaft, the falling groove 11 is of a circular structure, the center of the circle is marked, and when the circular arc plate 21 and the circular seat 22 are hoisted into the shaft, the circular seat 22, the falling groove 11 and the shaft are in a concentric state. The formwork assembly 2 further comprises a plurality of auxiliary plates 23, the auxiliary plates 23 are in circular arc structures, the auxiliary plates 23 are installed between two adjacent circular arc plates 21, after the circular arc plates 21 and the auxiliary plates 23 are installed, the auxiliary plates 23 and the circular arc plates 21 are enclosed to form a complete circular ring structure, and gaps between the auxiliary plates 23 and a well wall can be used for pouring concrete. A positioning member 12 for positioning the auxiliary plate 23 is provided between the auxiliary plate 23 and the adjacent vertical plate 4, so that the auxiliary plate 23 is not easily slid after being mounted.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the positioning member 12 includes an extension rod 121 and a positioning rod 122, the extension rod 121 is fixed on one side of the arc opening of the auxiliary plate 23, the positioning rod 122 is fixed on one end of the extension rod 121 far away from the auxiliary plate 23, and a plurality of extension rods 121 can be fixed between each positioning rod 122 and the auxiliary plate 23, so as to improve the stability of the positioning rod 122. The positioning rod 122 is in a circular arc structure, and two ends of the positioning rod 122 are fixed with insertion blocks 123 extending downwards. The inserting seats 124 are fixed on two sides of the vertical plate 4, the inserting grooves 125 for inserting the inserting blocks 123 are formed in the inserting seats 124, and after the inserting blocks 123 are inserted into the inserting grooves 125, the auxiliary rod is not easy to move.

Referring to fig. 3 and 5, further, the plug seat 124 is provided with a separation preventing member 16 for limiting the separation of the plug 123 from the plug groove 125. Anti-disengaging 16 includes that threaded connection keeps away from locating lever 122 on circular arc board 21 one side in bayonet socket 124, and the one end of locating lever 122 extends in inserting groove 125 to the round hole 18 that is used for supplying the tip grafting of locating lever 122 is seted up to the lateral wall of inserted block 123. When the positioning rod 122 is inserted into the circular hole 18, the possibility that the insertion block 123 is separated from the insertion groove 125 can be limited. Furthermore, step edges 17 are formed at the edges of the two sides of the auxiliary plate 23, and the side edges of the arc plate 21 can abut against the step edges 17. The size of the socket 124 is slightly larger than that of the socket, so that when the positioning rod 122 is rotated, the auxiliary plate 23 can be driven to abut against the arc plate 21, and the compactness of concrete pouring is provided.

Referring to fig. 3 and 5, the positioning members 12 are uniformly arranged in plurality in the vertical direction of the auxiliary plate 23, so that the stability of supporting the auxiliary rod is improved. Between each adjacent setting element 12, the length of the extension rod 121 that is in the top is less than the length of the extension rod 121 that is in the below, and the position of the socket 124 on the vertical plate 4 is adjusted correspondingly to the positioning rods 122 of different setting elements 12, so that the plurality of positioning rods 122 can support the auxiliary plate 23 in different spatial dimensions, and further improve the stability of the auxiliary plate 23 during concrete pouring. Further, one end of the extension rod 121 is fixed to a side of the auxiliary plate 23 away from the step edge 17, so that the sealing performance between the auxiliary plate 23 and the arc plate 21 is further improved.

(5) After the concrete reaches the hardness that requires, pull down accessory plate 23 earlier to go out the shaft with accessory plate 23 handling, then and rotate dwang 8, make riser 4 to the direction motion that is close to dwang 8, can be so that separate between circular arc board 21 and the concrete, then fix a position riser 4 through retaining member 6, hang out template component 2 again, then continue the excavation of next degree of depth.

The implementation principle of the construction method of the vertical shaft structure in the embodiment of the application is as follows: when lining construction of a well wall is required, the round seat 22 is hoisted into a vertical shaft, the vertical plate 4 is positioned on the round seat 22 through the locking piece 6, and the positioning block 5 and the auxiliary block 15 both have the effect of positioning the vertical plate 4; when the round base 22 is hoisted to the vertical shaft, the round base 22 and the vertical shaft are positioned on the same circle center, and then the vertical plate 4 is slid, so that the arc plate 21 has a part exceeding the side wall of the round base 22, and the upper end of the arc plate 21 can be abutted against the side wall of the previous concrete lining; and hoisting the auxiliary plate 23, positioning the auxiliary plate 23, and finally pouring concrete.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A construction method of a vertical shaft structure is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) pouring a locking hole ring (1) on the ground according to the design requirement, wherein the upper end of the locking hole ring (1) is higher than the ground surface, and a hoisting device is arranged beside the locking hole ring (1);

(3) the construction of the retaining wall is carried out after the excavation depth is 1.5-2m each time, the convex blocks of the well wall are cleaned firstly during the construction of the retaining wall, then the reinforcing mesh is bound, the template component (2) is placed into the well, and then the concrete pouring is carried out; the template component (2) comprises a circular seat (22) and arc plates (21), wherein four arc plates (21) are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the circular seat (22), grouting openings (3) are formed in the arc plates (21), the arc opening of the arc plate (21) deviates from the well wall, a vertical plate (4) is arranged on one side of the arc plate (21) at the arc opening, a positioning block (5) is arranged on the upper surface of the round seat (22), the lower surface of the vertical plate (4) is connected with the positioning block (5) in a sliding manner, the vertical plate (4) slides along the radial direction of the round seat (22), a locking piece (6) used for positioning the vertical plate (4) is arranged between the positioning block (5) and the vertical plate (4), the circular arc plate (21) can be positioned by the locking piece (6) when exceeding the surface of the circular seat (22) or being accommodated on the circular seat (22), a hanging ring (7) is arranged at the upper end of the vertical plate (4) close to the arc plate (21);

the upper surface of the round seat (22) is coaxially provided with a rotating rod (8) extending upwards, the outer wall of the rotating rod (8) is in threaded connection with a connecting ring (9), the connecting ring (9) is hinged with a hinge rod (10), the hinge rod (10) and the vertical plate (4) are in one-to-one correspondence, one end, far away from the connecting ring (9), of the hinge rod (10) is hinged to the adjacent vertical plate (4), when the vertical plate (4) is positioned by the locking part (6), all the arc plates (21) are located on the same circle, and a gap exists between each arc plate (21) and the well wall;

(4) the bottom surface of the vertical shaft is provided with a falling groove (11) for accommodating a round seat (22), the round seat (22) and the vertical shaft are concentrically arranged when the template assembly (2) is placed in the vertical shaft, the template assembly (2) further comprises a plurality of auxiliary plates (23), the auxiliary plates (23) are of circular arc structures and are used for sealing gaps between the adjacent circular arc plates (21), positioning pieces (12) for positioning the auxiliary plates (23) are arranged between the auxiliary plates (23) and the adjacent vertical plates (4), the auxiliary plates (23) and the circular arc plates (21) enclose a complete circle, and after the auxiliary plates (23) and the circular arc plates (21) are installed, concrete is poured into the gaps between the well wall and the auxiliary plates (23);

(5) after the concrete reaches the required hardness, the auxiliary plate (23) is detached, the rotating rod (8) is rotated, the vertical plate (4) moves towards the direction close to the rotating rod (8), then the vertical plate (4) is positioned through the locking piece (6), the template assembly (2) is lifted out, and then the excavation of the next depth is continued.

2. The construction method of a shaft structure according to claim 1, wherein: the lower surface of the vertical plate (4) is provided with a sliding groove (13), and the upper end of the positioning block (5) slides in the sliding groove (13).

3. The construction method of a shaft structure according to claim 2, wherein: perforation (14) have been seted up to the lateral wall of riser (4), two have been seted up along the radial direction of circle seat (22) in perforation (14), retaining member (6) include screw rod (61) and threaded connection in lock nut (62) at screw rod (61) both ends, perforation (14) and locating piece (5) can be worn to establish by screw rod (61).

4. A construction method of a shaft structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: the utility model discloses a round seat (22) upper surface is provided with supplementary piece (15), supplementary piece (15) and locating piece (5) one-to-one, supplementary piece (15) and adjacent locating piece (5) are in on the same radius of round seat (22) and supplementary piece (15) are located between the centre of a circle of locating piece (5) and round seat (22), sliding tray (13) link up to one side that riser (4) are close to supplementary piece (15), work as supplementary piece (15) can slide in sliding tray (13) when riser (4) slide, just also be provided with retaining member (6) between supplementary piece (15) and riser (4).

5. The construction method of a shaft structure according to claim 2, wherein: the positioning piece (12) comprises an extension rod (121) arranged on one side of an arc opening of the auxiliary plate (23) and a positioning rod (122) arranged on the extension rod (121) and far away from one end of the auxiliary plate (23), the positioning rod (122) is of an arc structure, insertion blocks (123) extending downwards are arranged at two ends of the positioning rod (122), insertion sockets (124) are arranged on two sides of the vertical plate (4), insertion grooves (125) used for inserting the insertion blocks (123) are formed in the insertion sockets (124), anti-falling pieces (16) used for limiting the insertion blocks to be separated from the insertion grooves (125) are arranged on the insertion sockets (124), and when two ends of the positioning rod (122) are connected to the insertion sockets (124), the auxiliary plate (23) and the arc plate (21) form a complete circle.

6. The construction method of a shaft structure according to claim 5, wherein: the auxiliary plate (23) is provided with a step edge (17) for abutting against the side edge of the arc plate (21).

7. The construction method of a shaft structure according to claim 6, wherein: the anti-disengaging piece (16) comprises an anti-disengaging rod (161) which is connected with one side of the plug socket (124) departing from the auxiliary plate (23) in a threaded manner, one end of the anti-disengaging rod (161) extends into the plug groove (125), and a circular hole (18) for the end part of the anti-disengaging rod (161) to be plugged is formed in the side wall of the plug block (123).

8. The construction method of a shaft structure according to claim 7, wherein: the auxiliary plate (23) is provided with a plurality of extension rods (121), the extension rods (121) are uniformly arranged along the vertical direction, the length of the extension rod (121) at the lower part is greater than that of the extension rod (121) at the upper part between two adjacent extension rods (121) at the upper part and the lower part.