JP4272591B2 - Shaft excavator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a shaft excavating apparatus that constructs a shaft by covering the inner wall surface of a drilling hole while mechanically excavating the bottom face and discharging the shear to the ground, especially for ground with many rocks and the like Further, the present invention relates to a shaft excavating apparatus that can be constructed without disturbing the surrounding ground and can be applied to shaft excavation with a relatively small cross section and a large depth.

  As disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example, a shaft excavating device according to the prior art is equipped with a drilling device on a scaffold (lifting and moving work scaffold), and blasting the drilled bottom bottom face to crush it. As disclosed in Patent Document 2, a self-propelled backhoe excavator suspended from a bottom face or a backhoe excavator moved up and down on a guide rail laid between the lining concrete and the same frame There is a type in which natural ground is excavated and the excavation by these excavation means is discharged to the ground with a kibble.

Further, as disclosed in Patent Document 3, a machine excavator equipped with a cutter and a vacuum suction device are mounted on the scaffold so as to be able to turn, and debris excavated by the cutter is discharged to the ground by a vacuum suction device. As disclosed in Patent Document 4, as in the case of Patent Document 4, a mechanical excavator and a vacuum suction device are mounted on the scaffold so as to be able to swivel. There is a form of excavating underwater and discharging slurry-like shear to the ground by vacuum.
Japanese Patent No. 2797244 Japanese Patent No. 3350761 Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-34475 Japanese Patent No. 2566427

  However, these prior arts still have some problems that need improvement. For example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, blasting is used alone as a drilling means, or the rock mass is used in combination with other drilling means. When blasting is used for crushing, the ground around the shaft may be collapsed or loosened by blasting, and each time the blasting is carried out, the scaffold must be retreated to a high position away from the bottom face of the shaft. There is.

  In addition, when a self-propelled backhoe excavator is used as a drilling means as a drilling means as in the prior art in Patent Document 2, the backhoe excavator is movable and has a large cross section that does not hinder excavation work or formwork installation work. It works effectively for vertical shaft excavation, but it is difficult to excavate and project under the fuselage, especially for vertical excavation of small sections where the backhoe excavator is difficult to move. The rocks that cannot be excavated by the backhoe are crushed by blasting, so the surrounding ground may collapse or loosen, and when blasting, the backhoe excavator is lifted and retreated to a high position away from the bottom face. It is necessary to keep.

  Moreover, when using the back-and-forth movement type backhoe excavator in the invention of Patent Document 2, every time when excavating a certain span and constructing the lining concrete, the backhoe excavator is lifted to a new lining concrete. It is necessary to replace the guide rail, and there is a risk that the backhoe excavator's unbalanced load may be applied to the lining concrete near the bottom face of the tunnel, which has a short curing period. In addition to the possibility of collapse or loosening, it is necessary to lift the backhoe excavator and evacuate it to a high position away from the bottom face when blasting.

  In addition, when a vacuum suction device is used as the projecting means as in Patent Document 3, a large vacuum pump is required when applied to deep shaft excavation, and the particle size of the shear is large or small. There is a risk of clogging due to the suction capacity of the pump, etc. In addition, it is difficult to slide out large diameters such as rocks by suction. There is.

  In addition, when water is excavated by injecting water into the bottom face as an excavating means as in Patent Document 4, etc., since the slurry is pushed out, clogging is small, but large diameter shear such as rocks is Equipment and control that keeps the water level constant according to the amount of groundwater, as well as the need to carry out a separate extraction using a kibble or other means, the surrounding ground may loosen or collapse due to water injection is required.

  The present invention is a shaft excavator that can solve these problems of the prior art, and can be excavated without blasting even with a bottom face having a lot of rock or the like by using a machine excavator attached to a scaffold as excavation means. In this way, the excavation as excavation means is loaded into the kibble with a laminating machine that can move up and down with respect to Scaffold. There is provided a shaft excavation apparatus that can be constructed without any problem and that can exhibit a sufficient effect even when applied to shaft excavation with a relatively small cross section and a large depth.

Shaft excavation device according to the invention, the free cross-sectional drilling available-mechanical excavator is mounted on the scaffold Rutotomoni, to stow excavated shear in the mechanical excavator to shear kibble that down hanging the downhole working face turning operation and shear loading machine for relief operation by expansion and contraction, said to be vertically movably disposed along a scaffold side, removably engaging holding an upper side of the shear loading machine between the lining concrete and scaffolds A locking holding means is provided . (Claim 1)

The shear loading unit in shaft excavation apparatus according to claim 1, ska or take the attached form Ford (claim 2), it is possible take form suspended from the ground (claim 3), wherein the upper side of the shear loading machine lifting movable operation chamber is provided between the lower upper and lower deck of the upper deck of the scaffold, the operation chamber is locked held by said engagement holding means (Claim 4).

  In the shaft excavation device according to claim 1, when the excavator is raised to an upper retreat position that does not interfere with work during excavation, it is fixedly supported by the locking holding means, and the scaffold is lowered and attached to the scaffold. Drilling the bottom face using a machine excavator capable of free-section excavation, raising the scaffold to a position where the machine excavator does not interfere with the work at the time of stacking and projecting, and moving the stacker to the tunnel Lowering to near the bottom face and fixing and supporting by the locking and holding means, it is possible to carry out the stacking in the shear kibble suspended from the bottom face.

  Therefore, as in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, it is possible to excavate the bottom face with many rocks without using blasting, and there is no fear of collapsing or loosening the surrounding ground of the shaft, There is no need to retract the pile stacker and scaffolding to a high position away from the bottom face, and the excavator and pile stacker do not interfere with the machine excavator and the pile stacker. Therefore, it is possible to work safely and efficiently even when excavating a shaft with a small cross section and a large depth.

  Compared to the case of using the self-propelled backhoe excavator of the prior art in Patent Document 2, it is possible to excavate a small cross-section vertical shaft, facilitate excavation and projecting directly under the formwork, and pile up The machine does not hinder the installation of the formwork, and it is not necessary to perform complicated guide rail replacement work on the lining concrete as compared with the case of using the back-and-forth movement backhoe excavator according to the invention of Patent Document 2. In particular, since the pile stacker is fixedly supported between the well-cured upper lining concrete and the scaffold, the load of the pile stacker on the lining concrete near the bottom face of the short curing period Will not be added.

  Moreover, since it is carried out by a sliding-off kibble, it is possible to easily carry out even deep shaft excavation and shaft excavation with many rocks compared to the case of using a vacuum pump as in Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4. In comparison with the case where water is poured into the bottom face as in Patent Document 4, there is no risk of loosening or collapsing the surrounding ground, and control equipment and operation for making the water level constant are unnecessary. It is easy to work with inexpensive equipment.

Use as in the shaft excavation apparatus as claimed in claim 2, by the form of mounting the shear loading machine scaffold, or suspension in suspension ropes of the installed hoist the scaffold, other known linear movement mechanism The hoisting rope of the hoisting machine installed on the ground can be moved up and down by the hoisting / moving means, and by adopting a form in which the laminating machine is suspended from the ground as in the shaft excavation device of claim 3. It is possible to have a simple structure for hanging.

  If the operation room where an operator board | substrates is provided in the upper part side of a stacking machine like the shaft excavation apparatus of Claim 4, while an operator can perform attachment / detachment operation of a latching holding means from a near distance, a shear It is possible to operate the stacking operation by the stacker and the projecting operation by the shearing kibble while visually checking at a close distance.

  A preferred embodiment to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings with respect to the shaft excavating apparatus of the present invention. FIGS. 1 to 8 show the shaft excavating apparatus according to the first embodiment, and FIGS. Shows the shaft excavator according to the second embodiment. In any of the embodiments, the scaffold is equipped with a mechanical excavator, and a laminator for carrying out a laminating load in a shear kibble is a side portion of the scaffold. In the first embodiment, the loader is mounted on the scaffold, and in the second embodiment, the loader is suspended from the ground.

  As shown in the front view of FIG. 1 and the side view of FIG. 2, the shaft excavating apparatus 1 </ b> A according to the first embodiment uses a scaffold 3 that can move up and down in the shaft 2 as a working scaffold for workers. The excavated bottom face is excavated by a machine excavator 4 attached to the lower end of the shaft, and the excavated shear is scraped out by a laminator 5 capable of moving up and down the side of the scaffold 3 and can be moved up and down in the shaft 2 A transfer elevator 7 is provided between the ground and the scaffold 3 for carrying in and out equipment and workers.

  As shown in the plan view of FIG. 3, the scaffold 3 connects the upper deck 8, the middle deck 9, and the lower deck 10 to each other by a connecting column 11, and a connecting ladder 12 is provided between the decks so that an operator can move. The upper deck 8 is provided with a tail sheave 13 around which the suspension rope 14 for the scaffold 3 is wound, and is moved up and down linked to a hoisting machine (not shown) via a top sheave provided on the ground. The upper deck 8 and the lower deck 10 are provided with a plurality of fixing jacks 15 that extend and contract in the horizontal direction, and are brought into pressure contact with the lining concrete 16 at the time of extension to be engaged at a desired position in the shaft 2. It can be stopped and held.

  Further, the suspension rope 14 for the scaffold 3 is provided with a rider 17 for steadying, the suspension kibble 6 is suspended by a suspension rope 19 to which a rider receiver that engages and disengages from the rider 17 is attached. 20, the elevator 7 is suspended, and through the decks 8, 9, 10, the kibble through holes 21, 22, 23 through which the skiving kibble 6 passes and the pile stacker 5, wind pipes and other piping 24 are provided. Notch portions 25, 26, and 27 to be passed are provided at positions where they are aligned.

  The upper deck 8 is provided with a boarding platform 28 for getting on and off the elevator 7, an operation room 29 for operating the stacking machine 5, and the like. A receiving bracket 30 is provided so that a covering 31 can be attached when lining concrete 16 is placed in the opening 23 for the kibble that is open during excavation work, and concrete is supplied to the covering 31. A chute 32 and a rotating hopper 33 for pouring concrete through a hose into a concrete mold described later are mounted.

  The machine excavator 4 is mounted on the lower side of the lower deck 10. However, in the illustrated embodiment, a free section excavator such as a load header that can excavate the entire area of the bottom face is used. A rotary disk-type cutter head 35 is mounted as an excavating means on the tip of the swing boom 34 provided with the portion 34A and the undulation mechanism portion 34B, and the rock head is rotated by pressing the cutter head 35 against the bottom face. It is possible to crush the face including the like, and the free-section excavator with this load header is operated from the driver's seat 36.

  The pile stacker 5 includes a suspension portion 5A for suspending the pile stacker 5 from above the scaffold 3 so as to be movable up and down, an operation portion 5B in which an operator operates the pile stacker 5 and performs a slide-out operation, and a slide It consists of a pile stacker main body 5C that piles up on the kibble 6, and the suspension part 5A is provided with a portal frame 37 on the upper side of the upper deck 8, and a hoisting machine 39 for the hoisting rope 38 is attached. Thus, the operation unit 5B and the laminator main body 5C are suspended through the suspension rope 38 so as to be movable up and down.

  The operation unit 5B is provided with an operation chamber 29 in which various control devices necessary for the projecting work are mounted and on which the operator is boarded. Fixing jacks 41 and 42 for locking and holding are mounted, and support for holding and holding the lower deck 10 and the upper deck 8 of the scaffold 3 in a hook state at both sides of the upper portion of the operation chamber 29 and the center of the lower portion is provided. The receivers 46 and 47 are attached.

  4 and 5 are explanatory views in which the stacker 5 is locked and held between the scaffold 3 and the lining concrete 16 via the operation unit 5B. FIG. The upper deck 8 is shown in a state of being locked and held. The upper deck 8 is provided with a telescopic rod, such as a hydraulic cylinder having a support 43a at the tip, and hydraulically connected to the base side of the rod. A support arm 43 is connected by a rod 43b that can be expanded and contracted by a cylinder or the like, and can swing and rotate so that it can expand and contract.

  As a result, the support arm 43 operates each telescopic rod to lock the support 43 a at the tip to the support receiver 47 in a hook state, and connects the operation chamber 29 to the upper deck 8 of the scaffold 3 to excavate. At the time of work, the entire stacking machine 5 including the operation chamber 29 can be locked and held at a desired standby position in the shaft 2, and when the excavation work is finished, the locked holding state is released and the hanging portion 5 </ b> A is When operated, it can be lowered to the stacking and protruding position.

  FIG. 5 shows a state in which the lower deck 10 is locked and held when it is hung down to the bottom face at the time of stacking work, and the lower deck 10 is provided with a support tool 44a at the tip as in the case of the support arm 43. A support arm capable of pivoting and rotating in an undulating manner by pivoting a rod that can be extended and retracted by a hydraulic cylinder or the like and connecting a rod 44b that is extendable and retractable by a hydraulic cylinder or the like. 44 is constituted.

  In addition, the lower deck 10 is connected to the base end side of a rod that can be expanded and contracted by a hydraulic cylinder or the like provided with a support 45a at the tip by a pivot shaft 45b, and the pivot shaft 45b is rocked by a transmission belt, a motor, or the like. A support arm 45 that is connected to a dynamic rotation mechanism and can swing and rotate so as to be extendable and undulating is configured.

  As a result, the support tool 44a of the support arm 44 is hooked to the support receiver 46 in a hook state, and the support tool 45a of the support arm 45 is hooked to the support receiver 47 in a hook state and pressed. The operation room 29 is connected to the lower deck 10, and the fixing jacks 41 and 42 are extended and pressed against the lining concrete 16, so that the operation is performed at the stacking and protruding positions lowered below the lower deck 10. The entire stacking machine 5 including the chamber 29 can be locked and held in the shaft 2.

  The shear stacker main body 5C connects the telescopic boom 49 to the lower end side of the operation unit 5B via a rotation mechanism unit 48 capable of turning and raising and lowering, and is stacked on the distal end side of the telescopic boom 49. As a means, a shaft macker equipped with a downward bucket (backhoe) 50 is used. While excavation work is being carried out with the excavation face, the machine is kept at an upper position where it does not interfere with the machine excavator 4, and constant in the excavation work. When the amount of shear is obtained, it is suspended from the bottom face together with the shearing kibble 6 and the shearing excavation of the shearing kibble 6 is performed.

  Next, a shaft construction method using the shaft excavation apparatus 1A according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8. FIG. 6 shows a drilling operation process performed using the machine excavator 4, The scaffold 3 suspended by the rope 14 is supported by the lining concrete 16 via the extended fixing jack 15 at a position lowered to the bottom face of the vertical shaft 2 and boarded in the driver's seat 36. A person operates the load header to move the swing boom 34 to an appropriate position, and the excavation work by the cutter head 35 is performed on the bottom face.

  In this excavation work, the stacker 5 is raised to a retracted position that does not interfere with the excavation work by the lifting operation of the suspension part 5A, and the upper arm of the scaffold 3 is locked with the support arm 43 on the operation part 5B. Workers, equipment, and materials that are supported by the deck 8 are carried into the upper deck 8 from the ground in advance using the suspension rope 19 and the transfer elevator 7 and the middle stage using the connecting ladder 12 as necessary. It can be transferred to the deck 9 or the lower deck 10, or can be transferred from the lower deck 10 to the bottom face by a suspension ladder.

  FIG. 7 shows a stacking and unloading operation process using the stacker 5 and the shear kibble 6, and the scaffold 3 is moved upward to a position where the machine excavator 4 does not interfere with the operation. The support jack 43 that is locked to the upper deck 8 is removed from the operation chamber 29, and the suspension rope 38 is extended by the operation of the hoisting machine 39. The chamber 29 is moved to a position below the lower deck 10 and lowered to a position where the pile stacker 5 can work on the bottom face, and the suspension rope 19 is fed to place the shear kibble 6 on the bottom face.

  The operation chamber 29 extends the support arms 44 and 45 in a state where the hook 44a of the support arm 44 is locked to the support receiving portion 46 and the hook 45a of the support arm 45 is locked to the support receiving portion 47, respectively. The upper and lower fixing jacks 41, 42 are extended and pressed against the lining concrete 16 and fixedly supported between the lower deck 10 and the lining concrete 16, and then an operator who has boarded the operation room 29 moves the stacker 5. It is possible to carry out the shearing operation with respect to the shearing kibble 6 and perform the sliding-out while reciprocating the shearing kibble 6 with the ground.

  FIG. 8 shows a covering process in which the covering concrete 16 is handed over by a short step method (for example, repeating excavation and concrete lining by a reverse winding method at a short pitch of about 1.2 to 2.3 m). From the concrete kibble 52 suspended from the chute 32 provided on the seat 31 on the lower deck 10 from the concrete kibble 52 while being provided with the movable frame 51 on the inner peripheral surface of the bottom face that has been excavated and pulled out. Concrete is supplied, and concrete is placed in the movable mold 51 via the rotary hopper 33 to which the hose 53 is connected, and a new lining concrete 16 that is continuous with the lining concrete 16 that has already been constructed is constructed.

  In addition, the movable mold 51 uses a steel movable mold that has been assembled in a frame shape in advance, and removes the one already installed on the inside of the lining concrete 16 that has already been constructed, and replaces it one step below. The hose 53 is connected to the boom of the machine excavator 4 through a detachable connector (not shown), and the operator of the driver's seat 36 turns the hose 53 together with the boom to make concrete. In this lining operation, the stacker 5 is retracted to the upper deck 8 side (not shown), and after a certain curing period, the state is returned to the state shown in FIG. Start work.

  Next, the shaft excavating apparatus 1B according to the second embodiment will be described based on the side view at the time of the excavation process in FIG. 9 and the side view at the time of the laminating and projecting process in FIG. The main difference from the shaft excavation device 1A according to the form is that the loader mounted on the scaffold is suspended from the ground and the support structure of the loader. The same reference numerals are attached and detailed description is omitted, and description will be made mainly on different components and their operations.

  In the shaft excavation apparatus 1B, the shearing machine 55 is suspended by a suspension rope 54 wound around a hoisting machine (not shown) installed on the ground, and is suspended in the shaft 2 by the hoisting or unwinding operation of the suspension rope 54. The machine 55 can be moved up and down, and this pile machine 55 has a form in which the suspension portion 5A is removed from the pile machine 5 in the first embodiment, and is provided on each deck 8, 9, 10 of the scaffold 3. It can be hung down to the lower part of the lower deck 10 through the notches 25, 26, 27.

  At the time of excavation work, as shown in FIG. 9, the scaffold 3 is suspended near the bottom face of the shaft 2, and the fixing jack 15 is extended and fixedly supported on the inner wall surface of the lining concrete 16. The cutter head 35 is used for excavation. At this time, the operation chamber 29 is pulled up to the retracted position above the upper deck 8 so that the telescopic boom 49 and the bucket 50 do not interfere with the excavation work.

  During the stacking and unloading operations, the scaffold 3 is lifted to a retreat position away from the bottom face of the shaft 2 as shown in FIG. The sludge kibble is hung down to the working position near the bottom bottom face, the operation room 29 is fixedly supported on the lining concrete 16 at the lower position of the lower deck 10 and hung down on the bottom bottom face with the suspension rope 19. 6, the telescopic boom 49 and the bucket 50 are operated and stacked.

  The fixed support for the laminating machine 55 is such that anchor bolts 56 are embedded in the lining concrete 16 in advance during the lining operation, and the anchor bolts 56 and the operation chamber 29 are at least two places above and below by means of chains or ropes. At the same time, the fixing jacks 41 and 42 provided above and below the operation chamber 29 are extended and brought into contact with the lining concrete 16 to be fixedly supported on the inner wall surface of the lining concrete 16.

  Further, as in the case of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 8, during the lining operation, a chute provided on the seat 31 on the lower deck 10 is used by using the movable mold frame 51 that is relocated to the upper outer periphery of the bottom face. 32, concrete is supplied from a concrete kibble 52 suspended by a suspension rope 19, and concrete is placed in the movable mold 51 via a rotary hopper 33 to which a hose 53 is connected. An anchor bolt 56 is attached in 51 and the anchor bolt 56 is embedded in a new lining concrete 16.

  As described above, the shaft excavation device according to the present invention can adopt the first and second embodiments, but is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the operation chamber 29 is integrally provided on the upper side of the pile stackers 5 and 55, and an operator performs a stacking operation from the operation chamber 29. It is also possible to adopt a form in which a fixed support portion is provided so that the concrete can be detachably connected to the lining concrete or the scaffold, and the operator can perform a stacking operation on the scaffold 3 or from the driver's seat 36. It is.

  Further, in the shaft excavation apparatus 1A according to the first embodiment, in the illustrated embodiment, the hoisting machine 39 is mounted on the portal frame 37 provided on the upper deck 8, and the pile stacker 5 is suspended by the suspension rope 38. However, for example, the rack is meshed with a pinion that is rotationally driven by a motor, or other lifting / lowering means by a known linear moving mechanism is mounted between the scaffold 3 and the stacker 5, It is also possible to adopt a form in which the lever stacker 5 can be moved up and down.

  Further, in the shaft excavating apparatus 1B according to the second embodiment, the support arm 45 having the same configuration as that of the shaft excavating apparatus 1A according to the first embodiment is used as the scaffolding holding means of the pile stacker 55 in the shaft 2. 3 is provided on the lower deck 10, and a support receiver 47 is provided in the operation chamber 29 of the pile stacker 55, and a means for pressing the operation chamber 29 toward the lining concrete 16 through the support arm 45 is added. It is possible to further stabilize the stacking machine 55 during the stacking and unloading operations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The front view of the shaft excavation apparatus by 1st Embodiment to which this invention is applied. The side view of the shaft excavation apparatus of FIG. The side view of each stage deck in the scaffold used with the shaft excavator of FIG. Explanatory drawing of the connection support state of the stacker with respect to the upper deck of the scaffold of FIG. Explanatory drawing of the connection support state of the stacker with respect to the lower deck of the scaffold of FIG. Explanatory drawing of the excavation operation process performed using the machine excavator 4 of the shaft excavation apparatus of FIG. Explanatory drawing of the stacking and the projecting work process performed using the machine excavator 4 of the shaft excavation apparatus of FIG. Explanatory drawing of the lining work process performed using the machine excavator 4 of the shaft excavation apparatus of FIG. The side view at the time of the excavation process of the shaft excavation apparatus by 2nd Embodiment to which this invention is applied. FIG. 10 is a side view of the shaft excavation apparatus in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1A, 1B shaft excavator 2 shaft 3 scaffold 4 machine excavator (road header)
5,55 shear pile machine (shaft mucker)
6 Shear kibble 7 Elevator 8 Upper deck 9 Middle deck 10 Lower deck 14, 19, 20, 38, 54 Suspension rope 15 Fixing jack (of Scaffold)
16 Clay concrete 21, 22, 23 Kibble passage holes 25, 26, 27 Notch 29 Operation room (for pile stacker)
32 Chute 33 Rotating hopper 34 Swing boom 35 Cutter head 36 Driver's seat (for mechanical excavator)
37 Portal frame 39 Winding machine (for stacking machines)
41, 42 Fixing jack (for stacking machine)
43, 44, 45 Support arm 46, 47 Support receiving part 48 Rotating mechanism part 49 Telescopic boom 50 Bucket (backhoe)
51 Movable formwork 52 Concrete kibble 53 Hose 56 Anchor bolt

Claims (4)

Free cross section drilling available-mechanical excavator is mounted on the scaffold Rutotomoni, shear loading of the shear that is drilled in the mechanical excavator performs relief operation by turning actuation and stretch to load the shear kibble that down hanging the downhole working face machine is, along said scaffold sides are arranged vertically movable, provided with a locking holding means for detachably engaging held between the lining concrete and the scaffold upper side of the shear loading machine shaft excavation apparatus characterized in that the. Wherein the shear loading machine is mounted on the scaffold, the vertical shaft drilling rig according to claim 1. Wherein the shear loading machine is suspended from the ground, vertical shaft drilling rig according to claim 1. On the upper side of the shear loading machine, the lifting movable steering Sakushitsu between below the upper and lower deck of the upper deck of the scaffold is provided, engaging the operation chamber by said locking holding means characterized in that it is held, shaft excavation apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3.

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