CN114109548A - Supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and method based on ammonia fuel chemical looping combustion - Google Patents
Supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and method based on ammonia fuel chemical looping combustion Download PDFInfo
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- CN114109548A CN114109548A CN202111405889.8A CN202111405889A CN114109548A CN 114109548 A CN114109548 A CN 114109548A CN 202111405889 A CN202111405889 A CN 202111405889A CN 114109548 A CN114109548 A CN 114109548A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/005—Regulating fuel supply using electrical or electromechanical means
Abstract
The invention discloses a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and method based on ammonia fuel chemical looping combustion. The system utilizes the chemical looping combustion technology to combust ammonia fuel, reduces the emission of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, adopts the fixed bed reactor, and saves the power consumption required by bed material fluidization and simultaneously reduces the abrasion consumption of oxygen carriers compared with a fluidized bed chemical looping combustion reactor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of supercritical carbon dioxide power generation, in particular to a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system based on ammonia fuel chemical looping combustion.
Background
The ammonia is a hydrogen-rich compound, is easy to liquefy and convenient to store, and can be combusted in oxygen or reacted with oxygen-containing compounds to generate nitrogen and water without carbon dioxide emission when being used as fuel. The chemical-looping combustion technology realizes non-mixed combustion of fuel and air, replaces air with oxygen carriers, in a fuel reactor, the fuel reacts with the oxygen carriers to complete the oxidation of the fuel, and the reduced oxygen carriers return to the air reactor to perform oxidation reaction with the air to realize the regeneration of the oxygen carriers. The chemical looping combustion technology avoids direct contact between fuel and air, can remarkably reduce generation of nitrogen oxides in a traditional combustion mode, and reduces treatment cost of the nitrogen oxides.
The supercritical carbon dioxide has the characteristics of high energy density, high heat transfer efficiency and the like, and is an environment-friendly and clean natural working fluid. The power generation technology using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working medium is also one of the international novel and efficient power generation technologies at present.
Liquid ammonia is used as a large amount of chemical products in China, the yield is high, and if a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system based on ammonia fuel chemical-looping combustion can be developed, the emission of carbon dioxide and the emission of nitrogen oxides can be greatly reduced.
In the prior art, the emission of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide is large, and the abrasion consumption of an oxygen carrier is large.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system and method based on ammonia fuel chemical looping combustion, which utilize the chemical looping combustion technology to combust ammonia fuel to generate power and reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system based on ammonia fuel chemical looping combustion comprises an air inlet three-way valve 1, a fuel inlet three-way valve 2, a reactor A3, a reactor B4, an air outlet three-way valve 5, a fuel outlet three-way valve 6, a working medium inlet three-way valve 7, a working medium outlet three-way valve 8, a turbine 9, a heat regenerator 10, a precooler 11, a compressor 12 and a generator 13; two outlets of the air inlet three-way valve 1 are communicated with air inlets of the reactor A3 and the reactor B4, two outlets of the fuel inlet three-way valve 2 are communicated with fuel inlets of the reactor A3 and the reactor B4, air outlets of the reactor A3 and the reactor B4 are communicated with an air outlet three-way valve 5, and fuel outlets of the reactor A3 and the reactor B4 are communicated with a fuel outlet three-way valve 6. The shell-side outlets of the reactor A3 and the reactor B4 are communicated with a working medium outlet three-way valve 8, the outlet of the working medium outlet three-way valve 8 is communicated with the inlet of a turbine 9, the outlet of the turbine 9 is communicated with the hot-side inlet of a heat regenerator 10, the hot-side outlet of the heat regenerator 10 is communicated with the hot-side inlet of a precooler 11, the hot-side outlet of the precooler 11 is communicated with the inlet of a compressor 12, the outlet of the compressor 12 is communicated with the cold-side inlet of the heat regenerator 10, the cold-side outlet of the heat regenerator 10 is communicated with a working medium inlet three-way valve 7, and the outlet of the working medium inlet three-way valve 7 is communicated with the shell-side inlets of the reactor A3 and the reactor B4.
The tube side of the reactor A3 and the reactor B4 is loaded with oxygen carriers.
The turbine 9 is linked with the compressor 12 through a coupler, and the compressor 12 is linked with the generator 13 through a coupler.
The reactor A3 and the reactor B4 are shell-and-tube type.
A supercritical carbon dioxide power generation method based on ammonia fuel chemical looping combustion comprises the following steps;
adjusting an air inlet three-way valve 1 and an air outlet three-way valve 5 to enable air to enter a tube pass of a reactor A3, adjusting a fuel inlet three-way valve 2 and a fuel outlet three-way valve 6 to enable fuel to enter a tube pass of a reactor B4, adjusting a working medium inlet three-way valve 7 and a working medium outlet three-way valve 8 to enable working medium to enter a shell pass of the reactor A3. In the tube side of the reactor A3, oxygen in the air reacts with the reduced oxygen carrier, the reduced oxygen carrier is oxidized into an oxygen carrier, heat is released, the heat is absorbed by a carbon dioxide working medium of the shell side of the reactor A3, the carbon dioxide absorbing the heat enters the turbine 9 to do work, the carbon dioxide doing the work enters the hot side of the heat regenerator 10, after exchanging heat with the low-temperature carbon dioxide working medium, the carbon dioxide enters the hot side of the precooler 11 to exchange heat with circulating water, the temperature is further reduced, then the carbon dioxide enters the compressor 12 to be pressurized, the pressurized carbon dioxide enters the cold side of the reactor 10, after exchanging heat with the high-temperature carbon dioxide working medium, the carbon dioxide enters the shell side of the reactor A3 to absorb the heat, and the cycle is completed. In the tube pass of the reactor B4, the ammonia fuel reacts with the oxygen carrier to generate nitrogen and water vapor, the nitrogen and the water vapor are discharged through the fuel outlet three-way valve 6, and the oxygen carrier loaded in the tube pass is reduced into a reduced oxygen carrier.
After the reaction is carried out for a period of time, the reduced oxygen carriers in the tube pass of the reactor A3 are completely oxidized into oxygen carriers, the oxygen carriers in the tube pass of the reactor B4 are completely reduced into the reduced oxygen carriers, the air inlet three-way valve 1 and the air outlet three-way valve 5 are adjusted and adjusted to enable air to enter the tube pass of the reactor B4, the fuel inlet three-way valve 2 and the fuel outlet three-way valve 6 are adjusted to enable fuel to enter the tube pass of the reactor A3, the working medium inlet three-way valve 7 and the working medium outlet three-way valve 8 are adjusted to enable working medium to enter the shell pass of the reactor B4. In the tube pass of the reactor B4, oxygen in the air reacts with the reduced oxygen carrier, the reduced oxygen carrier is oxidized into the oxygen carrier, heat is released, and the heat is absorbed by the carbon dioxide working medium in the shell pass of the reactor B4. In the tube pass of the reactor A3, the ammonia fuel reacts with the oxygen carrier to generate nitrogen and water vapor, the nitrogen and the water vapor are discharged through the fuel outlet three-way valve 6, and the oxygen carrier loaded in the tube pass is reduced into a reduced oxygen carrier.
The turbine 9 drives the compressor 12 and the generator 13 into rotation by means of a coupling.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
when the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system based on ammonia fuel chemical looping combustion works specifically, the ammonia fuel is combusted by using a chemical looping combustion technology, so that the emission of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides is reduced. Compared with a fluidized bed chemical-looping combustion reactor, the fixed bed reactor saves the power consumption required by the fluidization of bed materials and reduces the abrasion consumption of oxygen carriers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is an air inlet three-way valve, 2 is a fuel inlet three-way valve, 3 is a reactor A, 4 is a reactor B, 5 is an air outlet three-way valve, 6 is a fuel outlet three-way valve, 7 is a working medium inlet three-way valve, 8 is a working medium outlet three-way valve, 9 is a turbine, 10 is a heat regenerator, 11 is a precooler, 12 is a compressor, and 13 is a generator.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system based on ammonia fuel chemical looping combustion according to the present invention includes an air inlet three-way valve 1, a fuel inlet three-way valve 2, a reactor A3, a reactor B4, an air outlet three-way valve 5, a fuel outlet three-way valve 6, a working medium inlet three-way valve 7, a working medium outlet three-way valve 8, a turbine 9, a heat regenerator 10, a precooler 11, a compressor 12, and a generator 13.
Two outlets of the air inlet three-way valve 1 are communicated with air inlets of the reactor A3 and the reactor B4, two outlets of the fuel inlet three-way valve 2 are communicated with fuel inlets of the reactor A3 and the reactor B4, air outlets of the reactor A3 and the reactor B4 are communicated with an air outlet three-way valve 5, and fuel outlets of the reactor A3 and the reactor B4 are communicated with a fuel outlet three-way valve 6. The shell-side outlets of the reactor A3 and the reactor B4 are communicated with a working medium outlet three-way valve 8, the outlet of the working medium outlet three-way valve 8 is communicated with the inlet of a turbine 9, the outlet of the turbine 9 is communicated with the hot-side inlet of a heat regenerator 10, the hot-side outlet of the heat regenerator 10 is communicated with the hot-side inlet of a precooler 11, the hot-side outlet of the precooler 11 is communicated with the inlet of a compressor 12, the outlet of the compressor 12 is communicated with the cold-side inlet of the heat regenerator 10, the cold-side outlet of the heat regenerator 10 is communicated with a working medium inlet three-way valve 7, and the outlet of the working medium inlet three-way valve 7 is communicated with the shell-side inlets of the reactor A3 and the reactor B4.
The tube sides of the reactor A3 and the reactor B4 are loaded with oxygen carriers.
The turbine 9 is linked with the compressor 12 through a coupling, and the compressor 12 is linked with the generator 13 through a coupling.
Reactor A3 and reactor B4 are shell-and-tube.
Adjusting an air inlet three-way valve 1 and an air outlet three-way valve 5 to enable air to enter a tube pass of a reactor A3, adjusting a fuel inlet three-way valve 2 and a fuel outlet three-way valve 6 to enable fuel to enter a tube pass of a reactor B4, adjusting a working medium inlet three-way valve 7 and a working medium outlet three-way valve 8 to enable working medium to enter a shell pass of the reactor A3. In a tube side of a reactor A3, oxygen in air reacts with a reduced oxygen carrier, the reduced oxygen carrier is oxidized into an oxygen carrier, heat is released, the temperature rises from 700 ℃ to 900 ℃, the heat is absorbed by a carbon dioxide working medium of a shell side of the reactor A3, the carbon dioxide absorbing heat enters a turbine 9 to do work, the carbon dioxide doing work enters a hot side of a heat regenerator 10, exchanges heat with a low-temperature carbon dioxide working medium, enters a hot side of a precooler 11 to exchange heat with circulating water, is further cooled, then enters a compressor 12 to be pressurized, the pressurized carbon dioxide enters a cold side of the heat regenerator 10, exchanges heat with the high-temperature carbon dioxide working medium, enters the shell side of the reactor A3 to absorb heat, and circulation is completed. In the tube pass of the reactor B4, ammonia fuel reacts with oxygen carriers to generate nitrogen and water vapor, the nitrogen and the water vapor are discharged through a fuel outlet three-way valve 6, the oxygen carriers loaded in the tube pass are reduced into reduced oxygen carriers, and the temperature is gradually reduced from 900 ℃ to 700 ℃.
After the reaction is carried out for a period of time, the reduced oxygen carriers in the tube pass of the reactor A3 are completely oxidized into oxygen carriers, the oxygen carriers in the tube pass of the reactor B4 are completely reduced into the reduced oxygen carriers, the air inlet three-way valve 1 and the air outlet three-way valve 5 are adjusted and adjusted to enable air to enter the tube pass of the reactor B4, the fuel inlet three-way valve 2 and the fuel outlet three-way valve 6 are adjusted to enable fuel to enter the tube pass of the reactor A3, the working medium inlet three-way valve 7 and the working medium outlet three-way valve 8 are adjusted to enable working medium to enter the shell pass of the reactor B4. In the tube pass of the reactor B4, oxygen in the air reacts with the reduced oxygen carrier, the reduced oxygen carrier is oxidized into the oxygen carrier, the temperature is gradually increased from 700 ℃ to 900 ℃, heat is released, and the heat is absorbed by the carbon dioxide working medium in the shell pass of the reactor B4. In the tube pass of the reactor A3, ammonia fuel reacts with oxygen carriers to generate nitrogen and water vapor, the nitrogen and the water vapor are discharged through a fuel outlet three-way valve 6, the oxygen carriers loaded in the tube pass are reduced into reduced oxygen carriers, and the temperature is reduced from 900 ℃ to 700 ℃.
The turbine 9 drives the compressor 12 and the generator 13 to rotate through a coupling to generate electricity.
It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the technical idea and features of the present invention, and the specific implementation methods, such as the operation temperature of the reactor A and the reactor B, etc., can be modified and improved without departing from the scope and the basic spirit of the present invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system based on ammonia fuel chemical looping combustion is characterized by comprising an air inlet three-way valve (1), wherein two outlets of the air inlet three-way valve (1) are communicated with air inlets of a reactor A (3) and a reactor B (4), two outlets of a fuel inlet three-way valve (2) are communicated with fuel inlets of the reactor A (3) and the reactor B (4), air outlets of the reactor A (3) and the reactor B (4) are communicated with an air outlet three-way valve (5), and fuel outlets of the reactor A (3) and the reactor B (4) are communicated with a fuel outlet three-way valve (6). The shell-side outlets of the reactor A (3) and the reactor B (4) are communicated with a working medium outlet three-way valve (8), the outlet of the working medium outlet three-way valve (8) is communicated with the inlet of a turbine (9), the outlet of the turbine (9) is communicated with the hot-side inlet of a heat regenerator (10), the hot-side outlet of the heat regenerator (10) is communicated with the hot-side inlet of a precooler (11), the hot-side outlet of the precooler (11) is communicated with the inlet of a compressor (12), the outlet of the compressor (12) is communicated with the cold-side inlet of the heat regenerator (10), the cold-side outlet of the heat regenerator (10) is communicated with a working medium inlet three-way valve (7), and the outlet of the working medium inlet three-way valve (7) is communicated with the shell-side inlets of the reactor A (3) and the reactor B (4).
2. The supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system based on ammonia-fueled chemical looping combustion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tube side of the reactor A (3) and the reactor B (4) is loaded with oxygen carriers.
3. The supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system based on ammonia-fueled chemical-looping combustion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the turbine (9) is coupled with the compressor (12) through a coupling, and the compressor (12) is coupled with the generator (13) through a coupling.
4. The supercritical carbon dioxide power generation system based on ammonia-fueled chemical looping combustion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reactor a (3) and the reactor B (4) are shell and tube.
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Patent Citations (7)
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US20110250119A1 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2011-10-13 | Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras | Integrated process for the manufacture of olefins and intermediates for the productions of ammonia and urea |
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