CN109915220B - Distributed energy supply system and method integrating fuel cell and supercritical carbon dioxide circulation - Google Patents
Distributed energy supply system and method integrating fuel cell and supercritical carbon dioxide circulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN109915220B CN109915220B CN201910086157.3A CN201910086157A CN109915220B CN 109915220 B CN109915220 B CN 109915220B CN 201910086157 A CN201910086157 A CN 201910086157A CN 109915220 B CN109915220 B CN 109915220B
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Abstract
The invention provides a distributed energy supply system and method integrating fuel cells and supercritical carbon dioxide circulation2A circulation subsystem; the distributed energy supply system integrating the fuel cell and the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation is used for connecting the solid oxide fuel cell and the supercritical CO2Circulation combination to form SOFC-SCO2The system utilizes the high-temperature tail gas discharged by the solid oxide fuel cell subsystem as supercritical CO2A steady heat source of the circulation subsystem. The system has compact integral structure and small occupied area, realizes the cascade utilization of energy, and solves the problem of supercritical CO2The pinch problem in the process of circulating heat regeneration can further improve the utilization rate of energy, the generating efficiency of the system can reach 70.93 percent, and the comprehensive utilization rate of the system energy can reach 89.76 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of distributed energy supply systems, and particularly relates to a distributed energy supply system and method integrating a solid oxide fuel cell and supercritical carbon dioxide circulation.
Background
At present, supercritical CO2The application of brayton cycle in nuclear, solar and other power generation is widely studied. This is due to supercritical CO2The density is higher near the critical point, the compression work can be reduced, and the supercritical CO is adopted2The power system equipment such as a compressor, a turbine and the like for working media has compact structure and small occupied area, and can reduce investment cost. Supercritical CO2The cycle can reach higher cycle thermal efficiency when the maximum cycle temperature is 500-850 ℃, and the cycle performance is obviously higher than that of a commercial steam power cycle, so that supercritical CO is used2The method has wide application prospect when being circularly applied to a distributed energy supply system. However, high-temperature heat sources such as nuclear reactors and concentrated high-temperature solar energy are combined with supercritical CO2The circulation can carry out good temperature matching, but the occupied area of a nuclear power plant and a concentrated solar field is large, and the nuclear power plant has certain danger, so that the high-temperature heat source is used for the distributed energy source which is supercritical CO2The cyclic heating is limited. How to be supercritical CO2The circulation provides a stable high-temperature heat source and is not influenced by the environmentAnd the limitation of factors such as occupied area and the like is the premise that the system can be widely applied to distributed energy supply.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a distributed energy supply system and a distributed energy supply method integrating a fuel cell and supercritical carbon dioxide circulation, so as to solve the technical problem. The system takes the high-temperature tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell as supercritical CO2The circulating heat source realizes the cascade utilization of energy, and further improves the comprehensive utilization rate of energy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a distributed energy supply system integrating fuel cells and supercritical carbon dioxide circulation comprises a solid oxide fuel cell subsystem and supercritical CO which are connected with each other2A circulation subsystem; the distributed energy supply system integrating the fuel cell and the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation utilizes tail gas discharged by the solid oxide fuel cell subsystem as supercritical CO2The circulating subsystem stabilizes the high temperature heat source and the low temperature heat source.
Further, the solid oxide fuel cell subsystem comprises an air compressor, a fuel compressor, a mixer, a pre-reformer, a solid oxide fuel cell, an inverter, a combustion chamber, an air high-temperature regenerator and an air low-temperature regenerator; the outlet of the fuel compressor is connected with the first inlet of the mixer, the outlet of the mixer is connected with the inlet of the pre-reformer, the outlet of the pre-reformer is connected with the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell, the anode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the second inlet of the mixer, and the other path is connected with the first inlet of the combustion chamber; outlet connection CO of air compressor2Low temperature side inlet of dry cooler, CO2The low-temperature side outlet of the dry cooler is connected with the low-temperature side inlet of the air low-temperature regenerator; the low-temperature side outlet of the air low-temperature regenerator is connected with the low-temperature side inlet of the air high-temperature regenerator, the low-temperature side outlet of the air high-temperature regenerator is connected with the cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell, and the cathode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is connected with the second inlet of the combustion chamber;
supercritical CO2The circulation subsystem comprises CO2Compressor, CO2Low temperature regenerator, CO2High temperature regenerator, CO2High temperature heater, CO2Turbine, generator, CO2Dry cooler and CO2A water cooler; the outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with CO2High temperature side inlet of high temperature heater, CO2The high-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heater is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of the air high-temperature regenerator, and the high-temperature side outlet of the air high-temperature regenerator is connected with CO2High temperature side inlet of low temperature regenerator, CO2The high-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator is sequentially connected with the high-temperature side of the air low-temperature regenerator and the waste heat recovery device; CO 22Compressor outlet connection CO2Low temperature side inlet of low temperature regenerator, CO2The low-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator is connected with CO2Low temperature side inlet of high temperature regenerator, CO2The low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator is connected with CO2Low temperature side inlet of high temperature heater, CO2The low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heater is connected with CO2Inlet of turbine, CO2The output shaft of the turbine is connected with a generator, CO2The outlet of the turbine is connected with CO in sequence2High temperature side, CO of high temperature regenerator2The other high temperature side of the low temperature regenerator, CO2High temperature side of dry cooler and CO2Water cooler, CO2The outlet of the water cooler is connected with CO2An inlet of the compressor.
Further, after being compressed by a fuel compressor, the fuel is mixed with the anode circulating gas in a mixer, enters a prereformer for prereforming and then enters the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell; meanwhile, air is compressed by an air compressor and then enters CO2Dry cooler to CO2Precooling, then sequentially carrying out heat exchange through the low-temperature sides of the air low-temperature heat regenerator and the air high-temperature heat regenerator, and then entering the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell; the fuel and the air react in the solid oxide fuel cell to generate electric energy, and the electric energy is converted by the inverter and then supplies power to the outside; one part of the anode tail gas is used as circulating gas and circulated to the mixer to be mixed with fresh fuel, and the other part of the anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas enter the combustion chamber to ensure that the anodeCompletely burning unreacted fuel to generate high-temperature tail gas; high temperature tail gas enters CO2High temperature side of high temperature heater as supercritical CO2Circulating high temperature heat source to remove CO from low temperature side2Heating to the required turbine inlet temperature, then heating the air to the required temperature through the high-temperature side of the air high-temperature regenerator, and then passing through CO2High temperature side of low temperature regenerator as supercritical CO2The circulating low-temperature heat source supplies heat to the air-cooled heat exchanger, the air is heated by the high-temperature side of the air low-temperature heat regenerator, and finally the air enters the waste heat recovery device to recover waste heat.
Further, supercritical CO2By CO2After being compressed by a compressor, the compressed gas enters CO2Low temperature side of low temperature regenerator, with secondary CO2CO flowing out of high-temperature side of high-temperature regenerator2And exchanging heat with tail gas flowing out of the high-temperature side of the air high-temperature regenerator; from CO2CO flowing out from low-temperature side of low-temperature heat regenerator2Into CO2Low temperature side of high temperature regenerator, with secondary CO2CO of turbine outflow2Carrying out heat exchange; from CO2CO flowing out from low-temperature side of high-temperature regenerator2Flow through CO2The low temperature side of the high temperature heater is heated to the required turbine inlet temperature by the tail gas discharged from the combustion chamber, and then enters CO2The turbine expands to do work to drive the generator to generate electricity; from CO2CO of turbine outflow2Sequentially pass through CO2High temperature side of high temperature regenerator and CO2The other high temperature side of the low temperature regenerator transfers heat to CO at the low temperature side2(ii) a From CO2CO flowing out of the other high-temperature side of the low-temperature regenerator2Into CO2Precooling in a dry cooler, then entering a water cooler, cooling to a state near a critical point, and carrying out the next cycle.
Further, from CO2CO flowing out of high-temperature side of high-temperature regenerator2Simultaneously reacting with the tail gas flowing out from the high-temperature side of the air high-temperature regenerator by CO2CO outflow from the compressor2Heating is carried out.
Further, from CO2CO flowing out of the other high-temperature side of the low-temperature regenerator2Is dried and cooled by water in sequence, wherein: in CO2In the dry cooler, the air required by the subsystem of the solid oxide fuel cell is used as a dry refrigerant, CO2Preheating air while cooling; CO 22CO flowing out of the other high-temperature side of the low-temperature regenerator2By CO2The dry cooling device enters CO after being cooled2The water cooler is used for water cooling.
Further, the air is compressed by an air compressor and then sequentially passes through CO2And the dry cooler, the air low-temperature heat regenerator and the air high-temperature heat regenerator are heated for 3 times and then enter the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell.
Furthermore, the proportion of the anode circulating gas of the solid oxide fuel cell entering the mixer is controlled to provide steam and heat for the pre-reforming of the fuel, and the pre-reformer does not exchange heat with the outside.
Further, the waste heat recovery device is transcritical CO2A circulation, lithium bromide absorption refrigerating unit, an ammonia absorption refrigerating unit or a cylinder water heat exchange device; the fuel used by the solid oxide fuel cell subsystem is natural gas, hydrogen, biogas or biomass gas.
A distributed energy supply method integrating a fuel cell with supercritical carbon dioxide recycling, comprising: after being compressed by a fuel compressor, the fuel is mixed with anode circulating gas in a mixer, enters a prereformer for prereforming and then enters the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell; meanwhile, air is compressed by an air compressor and then enters CO2Dry cooler to CO2Precooling, then sequentially carrying out heat exchange through the low-temperature sides of the air low-temperature heat regenerator and the air high-temperature heat regenerator, and then entering the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell; the fuel and the air react in the solid oxide fuel cell to generate electric energy, and the electric energy is converted by the inverter and then supplies power to the outside; one part of anode tail gas is taken as circulating gas and is circulated to the mixer to be mixed with fresh fuel, and the other part of anode tail gas and cathode tail gas enter the combustion chamber, so that the fuel which does not react at the anode is completely combusted, and high-temperature tail gas is generated; high temperature tail gas enters CO2High temperature side of high temperature heater as supercritical CO2Circulating high temperature heat source to lower temperature sideCO of2Heating to the required turbine inlet temperature, then heating the air to the required temperature through the high-temperature side of the air high-temperature regenerator, and then passing through CO2High temperature side of low temperature regenerator as supercritical CO2The circulating low-temperature heat source supplies heat to the air-cooled heat exchanger, the air is heated by the high-temperature side of the air low-temperature heat regenerator, and finally the air enters the waste heat recovery device for waste heat recovery;
meanwhile, supercritical CO in a state near the critical point2By CO2After being compressed by a compressor, the compressed gas enters CO2Low temperature side of low temperature regenerator, with secondary CO2CO flowing out of high-temperature side of high-temperature regenerator2And exchanging heat with tail gas flowing out of the high-temperature side of the air high-temperature regenerator; from CO2CO flowing out from low-temperature side of low-temperature heat regenerator2Into CO2Low temperature side of high temperature regenerator, with secondary CO2CO of turbine outflow2Carrying out heat exchange; from CO2CO flowing out from low-temperature side of high-temperature regenerator2Flow through CO2The low temperature side of the high temperature heater is heated to the required turbine inlet temperature by the tail gas discharged from the combustion chamber, and then enters CO2The turbine expands to do work to drive the generator to generate electricity; from CO2CO of turbine outflow2Sequentially pass through CO2High temperature side of high temperature regenerator and CO2The other high temperature side of the low temperature regenerator transfers heat to CO at the low temperature side2(ii) a From CO2CO flowing out of the other high-temperature side of the low-temperature regenerator2Into CO2Precooling in a dry cooler, then entering a water cooler, cooling to a state near a critical point, and carrying out the next cycle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the solid oxide fuel cell has the advantages of compact structure, less pollution emission, high power generation efficiency, capability of using various fuels and the like, and is widely applied to a hybrid power generation system. The solid oxide fuel cell has high reaction temperature (600-1000 ℃) and is not limited by Carnot cycle to heat engine efficiency, the power generation efficiency can reach more than 60%, and the exhaust tail gas can reach more than 1000 ℃ after unreacted fuel is completely combusted in a combustion chamber. The invention will be fixedBulk oxide fuel cell and supercritical CO2Circulation combination to form SOFC-SCO2The system carries out cascade utilization on the tail gas discharged by the fuel cell to ensure that the tail gas is used as supercritical CO2Circularly stabilize high-temperature heat source and low-temperature heat source and solve the problem of supercritical CO2The problem of pinch in the process of the circulation heat regenerator further improves the generating efficiency of the system, and the system has compact integral structure, small occupied area and convenient maintenance and management, and is very suitable for distributed energy supply.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the system.
Description of the symbols:
1. air compressor, 2.CO2Dry cooler, 3. air low-temperature regenerator, 4.CO2Low temperature regenerator, 5.CO2High temperature regenerator, 6.CO2High temperature heater, 7.CO2The system comprises a turbine, 8, a generator, 9, a combustion chamber, 10, a solid oxide fuel cell, 11, an inverter, 12, an air high-temperature regenerator, 13, a pre-reformer, 14, a mixer, 15, a fuel compressor, 16, a waste heat recovery device and 17, CO2Turbine, 18.CO2A water cooler.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The following detailed description is exemplary in nature and is intended to provide further details of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a distributed energy supply system integrating fuel cell and supercritical carbon dioxide cycle, which comprises a solid oxide fuel cell subsystem and supercritical CO2And (4) a circulation subsystem.
The solid oxide fuel cell subsystem comprises an air compressor 1, a fuel compressor 15, a mixer 14, a pre-reformer 13, a solid oxide fuel cell 10, an inverter 11, a combustor 9, an air high temperature regenerator 12 and an air low temperature regenerator 3. The outlet of the fuel compressor 15 is connected with the first inlet of the mixer 14, the outlet of the mixer 14 is connected with the inlet of the pre-reformer 13, the outlet of the pre-reformer 13 is connected with the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 10, the anode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 10 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the second inlet of the mixer 14, and the other path is connected with the first inlet of the combustor 9; the outlet of the air compressor 1 is connected with CO2Low temperature side inlet of dry cooler 2, CO2The low-temperature side outlet of the dry cooler 2 is connected with the low-temperature side inlet of the air low-temperature regenerator 3, the low-temperature side outlet of the air low-temperature regenerator 3 is connected with the low-temperature side inlet of the air high-temperature regenerator 12, the low-temperature side outlet of the air high-temperature regenerator 12 is connected with the cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 10, and the cathode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 10 is connected with the second inlet of the combustion chamber 9.
After being compressed by a fuel compressor 15, the fuel is mixed with anode circulating gas in a mixer 14, enters a pre-reformer 13 for pre-reforming, and then enters the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell 10; meanwhile, air is compressed by the air compressor 1 and enters CO2Dry cooler 2 to CO2Precooling, then exchanging heat through the low-temperature sides of the air low-temperature heat regenerator 3 and the air high-temperature heat regenerator 12 in sequence, and then entering the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell 10; the fuel and the air react in the solid oxide fuel cell 10 to generate electric energy, and the electric energy is converted by the inverter 11 and then is supplied to the outside; a part of anode tail gas is taken as circulating gas and circulated to the mixer 14 to be mixed with fresh fuel, and the other part of anode tail gas and cathode tail gas enter the combustion chamber 9, so that the fuel which does not react at the anode is completely combusted, and high-temperature tail gas is generated; high temperature tail gas enters into CO2High temperature side of the high temperature heater 6 as supercritical CO2Circulating high temperature heat source to remove CO from low temperature side2Heated to the desired turbine inlet temperature, then passed through the high temperature side of air high temperature regenerator 12 to heat the air to the desired temperature, and then passed through the CO2High temperature side of low temperature regenerator 4 as supercritical CO2The circulating low-temperature heat source supplies heat to the air-cooled heat regenerator 3, the air is heated by the high-temperature side of the air-cooled heat regenerator, and finally the air enters the waste heat recovery device 16 to recover the waste heat.
Supercritical CO2The circulation subsystem comprises CO2Compressor 17, CO2Low temperature regenerator 4, CO2 High temperature regenerator 5, CO2 High temperature heater 6, CO2Turbine 7, generator 8, CO2Dry cooler 2 and CO2A water cooler 18. The outlet of the combustion chamber 9 is connected with CO2High temperature side inlet of high temperature heater 6, CO2The high-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heater 6 is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of the air high-temperature regenerator 12, and the high-temperature side outlet of the air high-temperature regenerator 12 is connected with CO2High temperature side inlet of low temperature regenerator 4, CO2The high-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator 4 is sequentially connected with the high-temperature side of the air low-temperature regenerator 3 and the waste heat recovery device 16. CO 22The outlet of the compressor 17 is connected to CO2Low temperature side inlet of low temperature regenerator 4, CO2The low-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 4 is connected with CO2Low temperature side inlet of high temperature regenerator 5, CO2The low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 5 is connected with CO2Low temperature side inlet of high temperature heater 6, CO2The low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heater 6 is connected with CO2Inlet of turbine 7, CO2The output shaft of the turbine 7 is connected to a generator 8, CO2The outlet of the turbine 7 is connected with CO in sequence2High temperature side, CO, of high temperature regenerator 52The other high temperature side of the low temperature regenerator 4, CO2High temperature side of dry cooler 2 and CO2Water cooler 18, CO2The outlet of the water cooler 18 is connected with CO2The inlet of the compressor 17.
Supercritical CO in a state near the critical point2By CO2After being compressed by the compressor 17, the CO enters2Low temperature returnLow temperature side of the heat exchanger 4, with CO2CO flowing out of the high-temperature side of the high-temperature regenerator 52And exchanging heat with the tail gas flowing out of the high-temperature side of the air high-temperature regenerator 12; from CO2CO flowing out from low-temperature side of low-temperature heat regenerator 42Into CO2Low temperature side of high temperature regenerator 5, and secondary CO2CO from turbine 72Carrying out heat exchange; from CO2CO flowing out from low-temperature side of high-temperature regenerator 52Flow through CO2The low temperature side of the high temperature heater 6 is heated to the desired turbine inlet temperature by the exhaust gas from the combustor 9 and then enters the CO2The turbine 7 expands to do work and drives the generator 8 to generate electricity; from CO2CO from turbine 72Sequentially pass through CO2 High temperature regenerator 5 high temperature side and CO2The other high temperature side of the low temperature regenerator 4 transfers heat to the CO at the low temperature side2(ii) a From CO2CO flowing out of the other high-temperature side of the low-temperature regenerator 42Into CO2And pre-cooling in the dry cooler 2, then entering the water cooler 18, cooling to a state near a critical point, and performing the next cycle.
Preferably, two hot fluids are realized in the low-temperature regenerator 4 to simultaneously heat one cold fluid, i.e. from CO2CO flowing out of the high-temperature side of the high-temperature regenerator 52CO is simultaneously coupled with the exhaust gas flowing out from the high temperature side of the air high temperature regenerator 122CO from compressor 172Heating is carried out.
Preferably, from CO2CO flowing out of the other high-temperature side of the low-temperature regenerator 42Is dry cooled and water cooled sequentially, wherein in CO2In the dry cooler 2, the air required by the solid oxide fuel cell subsystem is used as a dry refrigerant, CO2The air is preheated while cooling.
Preferably, the air is compressed and then sequentially passed over the CO2And the dry cooler 2, the air low-temperature regenerator 3 and the air high-temperature regenerator 12 are heated for 3 times.
Preferably, the proportion of the anode recycle gas of the solid oxide fuel cell 10 entering the mixer 14 is controlled according to the required steam-carbon ratio, so as to provide steam and heat for the pre-reforming of the fuel, and the pre-reformer 13 does not exchange heat with the outside.
Preferably, the waste heat recovery device 16 includes, but is not limited to, transcritical CO2Circulation, lithium bromide absorption refrigerating unit, ammonia absorption refrigerating unit and jacket water heat exchanger.
Preferably, the fuel used by the solid oxide fuel cell subsystem includes, but is not limited to, natural gas, hydrogen, biogas, and biomass gas.
The invention relates to a distributed energy supply system integrating a fuel cell and supercritical carbon dioxide circulation, which comprises the following working procedures:
after being compressed by a fuel compressor 15, the fuel is mixed with anode circulating gas in a mixer 14, enters a pre-reformer 13 for pre-reforming, and then enters the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell 10; meanwhile, air is compressed by the air compressor 1 and enters CO2Dry cooler 2 to CO2Precooling, then exchanging heat through the low-temperature sides of the air low-temperature heat regenerator 3 and the air high-temperature heat regenerator 12 in sequence, and then entering the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell 10; the fuel and the air react in the solid oxide fuel cell 10 to generate electric energy, and the electric energy is converted by the inverter 11 and then is supplied to the outside; a part of anode tail gas is taken as circulating gas and circulated to the mixer 14 to be mixed with fresh fuel, and the other part of anode tail gas and cathode tail gas enter the combustion chamber 9, so that the fuel which does not react at the anode is completely combusted, and high-temperature tail gas is generated; high temperature tail gas enters CO2High temperature side of the high temperature heater 6 as supercritical CO2Circulating high temperature heat source to remove CO from low temperature side2Heated to the desired turbine inlet temperature, then passed through the high temperature side of air high temperature regenerator 12 to heat the air to the desired temperature, and then passed through the CO2High temperature side of low temperature regenerator 4 as supercritical CO2The circulating low-temperature heat source supplies heat to the air-cooled heat regenerator 3, the air is heated by the high-temperature side of the air-cooled heat regenerator, and finally the air enters the waste heat recovery device 16 to recover the waste heat.
Meanwhile, supercritical CO in a state near the critical point2By CO2After being compressed by the compressor 17, the CO enters2Low temperature side of low temperature regenerator 4, with secondary CO2C flowing out of high-temperature side of high-temperature regenerator 5O2And exchanging heat with the tail gas flowing out of the high-temperature side of the air high-temperature regenerator 12; from CO2CO flowing out from low-temperature side of low-temperature heat regenerator 42Into CO2Low temperature side of high temperature regenerator 5, and secondary CO2CO from turbine 72Carrying out heat exchange; from CO2CO flowing out from low-temperature side of high-temperature regenerator 52Flow through CO2The low temperature side of the high temperature heater 6 is heated to the desired turbine inlet temperature by the exhaust gas from the combustor 9 and then enters the CO2The turbine 7 expands to do work and drives the generator 8 to generate electricity; from CO2CO from turbine 72Sequentially pass through CO2 High temperature regenerator 5 high temperature side and CO2The other high temperature side of the low temperature regenerator 4 transfers heat to the CO at the low temperature side2(ii) a From CO2CO flowing out of the other high-temperature side of the low-temperature regenerator 42Into CO2And pre-cooling in the dry cooler 2, then entering the water cooler 18, cooling to a state near a critical point, and performing the next cycle.
Initial conditions and simulation results of the simulation of the distributed power supply system integrating the fuel cell with the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle are shown in tables 1 and 2, respectively.
TABLE 1 simulation of initial conditions for the System
TABLE 2 simulation results of the System
| Parameter(s) | Numerical value | Parameter(s) | Numerical value |
| SOFC operating voltage (V) | 0.67 | System net power generation (kW) | 237.23 |
| SOFC operating temperature (. degree.C.) | 931 | SOFC power generation efficiency | 50.69％ |
| SOFC generated energy (kW) | 169.53 | Efficiency of system hair cleaning | 70.93％ |
| CO2Turbine power generation (kW) | 86.11 | Comprehensive utilization rate of system energy | 89.76％ |
As can be seen from the above examples, the present invention combines a solid oxide fuel cell with supercritical CO2Circulation combination to form SOFC-SCO2The system takes the high-temperature tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell as supercritical CO2The circulating heat source realizes the cascade utilization of energy, the utilization rate of the energy can be further improved, the net generating efficiency of the system can reach 70.93 percent, and the comprehensive utilization rate of the system energy can reach 89.76 percent.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are described in the specification and illustrated only for illustrating the principle of the present invention, but various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The distributed energy supply system integrating the fuel cell and the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation is characterized in that: including interconnected solid oxide fuel cell subsystems and supercritical CO2A circulation subsystem; the distributed energy supply system integrating the fuel cell and the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation utilizes tail gas discharged by the solid oxide fuel cell subsystem as supercritical CO2A stable high temperature heat source and a low temperature heat source of the circulation subsystem;
the solid oxide fuel cell subsystem comprises an air compressor (1), a fuel compressor (15), a mixer (14), a pre-reformer (13), a solid oxide fuel cell (10), an inverter (11), a combustion chamber (9), an air high-temperature regenerator (12) and an air low-temperature regenerator (3); an outlet of the fuel compressor (15) is connected with a first inlet of the mixer (14), an outlet of the mixer (14) is connected with an inlet of the pre-reformer (13), an outlet of the pre-reformer (13) is connected with an anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell (10), an anode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell (10) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with a second inlet of the mixer (14), and the other path is connected with a first inlet of the combustion chamber (9); the outlet of the air compressor (1) is connected with CO2Low temperature side inlet of dry cooler (2), CO2The low-temperature side outlet of the dry cooler (2) is connected with the low-temperature side inlet of the air low-temperature regenerator (3); the outlet at the low temperature side of the air low-temperature regenerator (3) is connected with the inlet at the low temperature side of the air high-temperature regenerator (12), the outlet at the low temperature side of the air high-temperature regenerator (12) is connected with the cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell (10), and the cathode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell (10) is connected with the second inlet of the combustion chamber (9);
supercritical CO2The circulation subsystem comprises CO2Compressor (17), CO2Low temperature regenerator (4), CO2High temperature regenerator (5), CO2High temperature heater (6), CO2Turbine (7), generator (8), CO2Dry cooler (2) and CO2A water cooler (18); the outlet of the combustion chamber (9) is connected with CO2High temperature side inlet of high temperature heater (6), CO2The high-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heater (6) is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of the air high-temperature regenerator (12), and the high-temperature side outlet of the air high-temperature regenerator (12) is connected with CO2High temperature side inlet of low temperature regenerator (4), CO2The high-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature regenerator (4) is sequentially connected with the high-temperature side of the air low-temperature regenerator (3) and the waste heat recovery device (16); CO 22The outlet of the compressor (17) is connected with CO2Low temperature side inlet of low temperature regenerator (4), CO2The low-temperature side outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (4) is connected with CO2Low temperature side inlet of high temperature regenerator (5), CO2The low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (5) is connected with CO2Low temperature side inlet of high temperature heater (6), CO2The low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heater (6) is connected with CO2Inlet of turbine (7), CO2The output shaft of the turbine (7) is connected with a generator (8), CO2The outlet of the turbine (7) is connected with CO in sequence2High temperature side, CO of high temperature regenerator (5)2The other high temperature side of the low temperature regenerator (4), CO2High temperature side of dry cooler (2) and CO2Water cooler (18), CO2The outlet of the water cooler (18) is connected with CO2An inlet of the compressor (17).
2. The distributed power supply system integrating a fuel cell with a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle of claim 1, wherein: after being compressed by a fuel compressor (15), the fuel is mixed with anode circulating gas in a mixer (14), enters a pre-reformer (13) for pre-reforming, and then enters the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell (10); meanwhile, after being compressed by the air compressor (1), the air enters CO2Dry cooler (2) for CO2Precooling, then sequentially exchanging heat through the low-temperature sides of the air low-temperature heat regenerator (3) and the air high-temperature heat regenerator (12), and then entering the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell (10); the fuel and the air react in the solid oxide fuel cell (10) to generate electric energy, and the electric energy is converted by the inverter (11) and then is supplied to the outside; aPart of the anode tail gas is taken as circulating gas and is circulated into a mixer (14) to be mixed with fresh fuel, and the other part of the anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas enter a combustion chamber (9) to enable the fuel which does not react at the anode to be completely combusted and generate high-temperature tail gas; high temperature tail gas enters CO2The high temperature side of the high temperature heater (6) is used as supercritical CO2Circulating high temperature heat source to remove CO from low temperature side2Heating to the desired turbine inlet temperature, then heating the air to the desired temperature through the high temperature side of the air high temperature regenerator (12), then passing the air through the CO2The high temperature side of the low temperature regenerator (4) is used as supercritical CO2The circulating low-temperature heat source supplies heat to the air-cooled heat exchanger, the air is heated by the high-temperature side of the air low-temperature heat regenerator (3), and finally the air enters a waste heat recovery device (16) to recover waste heat.
3. The distributed power supply system integrating a fuel cell with a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle of claim 1, wherein: supercritical CO2By CO2After being compressed by a compressor (17), the CO enters into the reactor2Low temperature side of low temperature regenerator (4), with secondary CO2CO flowing out of the high-temperature side of the high-temperature regenerator (5)2And the tail gas flowing out of the high-temperature side of the air high-temperature regenerator (12) exchanges heat; from CO2CO flowing out from the low-temperature side of the low-temperature heat regenerator (4)2Into CO2Low temperature side of high temperature regenerator (5) with secondary CO2CO from turbine (7)2Carrying out heat exchange; from CO2CO flowing out from low-temperature side of high-temperature regenerator (5)2Flow through CO2The low temperature side of the high temperature heater (6) is heated to the required turbine inlet temperature by the tail gas discharged from the combustion chamber (9) and then enters CO2The turbine (7) expands to do work and drive the generator (8) to generate electricity; from CO2CO from turbine (7)2Sequentially pass through CO2High temperature side of high temperature regenerator (5) and CO2The other high-temperature side of the low-temperature regenerator (4) transfers heat to CO at the low-temperature side2(ii) a From CO2CO flowing out of the other high-temperature side of the low-temperature regenerator (4)2Into CO2Precooling in a dry cooler (2), then entering a water cooler (18), and cooling to a state near a critical pointAnd the next cycle is performed.
4. The distributed power supply system integrating a fuel cell with a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle of claim 1, wherein: from CO2CO flowing out of the high-temperature side of the high-temperature regenerator (5)2And the tail gas flowing out from the high-temperature side of the air high-temperature regenerator (12) is simultaneously subjected to CO treatment2CO flowing out of the compressor (17)2Heating is carried out.
5. The distributed power supply system integrating a fuel cell with a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle of claim 1, wherein: from CO2CO flowing out of the other high-temperature side of the low-temperature regenerator (4)2Is dried and cooled by water in sequence, wherein: in CO2In the dry cooler (2), air required by the solid oxide fuel cell subsystem is used as a dry refrigerant, and CO2Preheating air while cooling; CO 22CO flowing out of the other high-temperature side of the low-temperature regenerator (4)2By CO2The dry cooler (2) enters CO after being cooled2The water cooler (18) performs water cooling.
6. The distributed power supply system integrating a fuel cell with a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle of claim 1, wherein: air is compressed by an air compressor (1) and then sequentially passes through CO2The dry cooler (2), the air low-temperature regenerator (3) and the air high-temperature regenerator (12) are heated for 3 times and then enter the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell (10).
7. The distributed power supply system integrating a fuel cell with a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle of claim 1, wherein: the proportion of anode circulating gas entering a mixer (14) of the solid oxide fuel cell (10) is controlled to provide steam and heat for pre-reforming the fuel, and the pre-reformer (13) does not exchange heat with the outside.
8. The distributed power system integrating a fuel cell with a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle according to claim 1,the method is characterized in that: the waste heat recovery device (16) is transcritical CO2A circulation, lithium bromide absorption refrigerating unit, an ammonia absorption refrigerating unit or a cylinder water heat exchange device; the fuel used by the solid oxide fuel cell subsystem is natural gas, hydrogen, biogas or biomass gas.
9. The distributed energy supply method integrating the fuel cell and the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle is characterized in that the distributed energy supply system integrating the fuel cell and the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle based on the claim 1 comprises the following steps:
after being compressed by a fuel compressor (15), the fuel is mixed with anode circulating gas in a mixer (14), enters a pre-reformer (13) for pre-reforming, and then enters the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell (10); meanwhile, after being compressed by the air compressor (1), the air enters CO2Dry cooler (2) for CO2Precooling, then sequentially exchanging heat through the low-temperature sides of the air low-temperature heat regenerator (3) and the air high-temperature heat regenerator (12), and then entering the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell (10); the fuel and the air react in the solid oxide fuel cell (10) to generate electric energy, and the electric energy is converted by the inverter (11) and then is supplied to the outside; one part of anode tail gas is taken as circulating gas and circulated to a mixer (14) to be mixed with fresh fuel, and the other part of anode tail gas and cathode tail gas enter a combustion chamber (9) to enable the fuel which does not react at the anode to be completely combusted and generate high-temperature tail gas; high temperature tail gas enters CO2The high temperature side of the high temperature heater (6) is used as supercritical CO2Circulating high temperature heat source to remove CO from low temperature side2Heating to the desired turbine inlet temperature, then heating the air to the desired temperature through the high temperature side of the air high temperature regenerator (12), then passing the air through the CO2The high temperature side of the low temperature regenerator (4) is used as supercritical CO2The circulating low-temperature heat source supplies heat to the air-cooled heat exchanger, the air is heated by the high-temperature side of the air low-temperature heat regenerator (3), and finally the air enters a waste heat recovery device (16) for waste heat recovery;
meanwhile, supercritical CO in a state near the critical point2By CO2After being compressed by a compressor (17), the CO enters into the reactor2Low-temperature heat regenerator(4) From the low temperature side of (2) with CO2CO flowing out of the high-temperature side of the high-temperature regenerator (5)2And the tail gas flowing out of the high-temperature side of the air high-temperature regenerator (12) exchanges heat; from CO2CO flowing out from the low-temperature side of the low-temperature heat regenerator (4)2Into CO2Low temperature side of high temperature regenerator (5) with secondary CO2CO from turbine (7)2Carrying out heat exchange; from CO2CO flowing out from low-temperature side of high-temperature regenerator (5)2Flow through CO2The low temperature side of the high temperature heater (6) is heated to the required turbine inlet temperature by the tail gas discharged from the combustion chamber (9) and then enters CO2The turbine (7) expands to do work and drive the generator (8) to generate electricity; from CO2CO from turbine (7)2Sequentially pass through CO2High temperature side of high temperature regenerator (5) and CO2The other high-temperature side of the low-temperature regenerator (4) transfers heat to CO at the low-temperature side2(ii) a From CO2CO flowing out of the other high-temperature side of the low-temperature regenerator (4)2Into CO2Precooling in the dry cooler (2), then entering a water cooler (18), cooling to a state near a critical point, and carrying out the next cycle.
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