CN211598771U - Cascade type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system - Google Patents

Cascade type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN211598771U
CN211598771U CN201922233335.9U CN201922233335U CN211598771U CN 211598771 U CN211598771 U CN 211598771U CN 201922233335 U CN201922233335 U CN 201922233335U CN 211598771 U CN211598771 U CN 211598771U
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carbon dioxide
temperature
low
inlet
outlet
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黄志强
郑开云
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Shanghai Power Equipment Research Institute Co Ltd
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Shanghai Power Equipment Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

The utility model provides a cascade-type's supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system, including direct combustion heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem and indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem, constitute by carbon dioxide pump, intercooler, high low temperature regenerator, combustion chamber, high low temperature turbine, generator, cooler, water separator, condenser, carbon dioxide collection device, high temperature heat exchanger etc.. The utility model provides a cascade-type's supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system, the turbine exhaust heat with direct combustion heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem realizes that the two advantage is complementary as indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem's main heater heat source. The utility model discloses system energy utilization is high, and the hot junction temperature is high, and circulation efficiency is high, and can absorb outside low-grade heat and generate electricity with the high efficiency, and the system does not discharge the pollutant, 100% entrapment carbon dioxide, and the system does not have the compressor, and equipment is simplified, and the reliability is high.

Description

Cascade type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system of cascade pattern belongs to power cycle technical field.
Background
The supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle is a current research hotspot, and has high cycle efficiency, wide application and good application prospect. Supercritical carbon dioxide power cycles can be divided into two categories: one type adopts a direct combustion heating mode, supercritical carbon dioxide is directly heated to high temperature by gas in a combustor, and combustion products are discharged or collected in a treatment process after a turbine outlet; the other type adopts an indirect heating mode, the supercritical carbon dioxide is heated to high temperature by a main heater, and the main heater can provide heat by various modes such as fuel combustion, light-gathering solar heat, nuclear energy and the like.
High initial parameters can be obtained by direct combustion heating, and the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle adopts regenerative heating and compression near a critical point to reduce power consumption, so that the direct combustion heating cycle has thermal efficiency far higher than that of an indirect heating cycle.
However, the temperature and pressure of the inlet air of the direct-combustion heated supercritical carbon dioxide circulating turbine are high, the temperature of the turbine exhaust is too high under the optimal expansion ratio, the allowable stress of the material is difficult to meet the requirement, and the material cannot directly enter the regenerator, so that the expansion ratio has to be increased, and compression equipment needs to be added at the cold end, and the circulation efficiency loss is caused.
Therefore, how to fully exert the respective advantages of the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation of indirect heating and direct-fired heating, shield the defects thereof, and construct a high-efficiency supercritical carbon dioxide power circulation system is a difficult problem that is addressed by the technical personnel in the field.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is how full play indirect heating and the circulating advantage of supercritical carbon dioxide of direct combustion heating, found efficient supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the utility model is to provide a supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system of cascade type, its characterized in that: comprises a direct-fired heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem and an indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem;
the direct-combustion heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem comprises a first carbon dioxide pump, wherein the outlet of the first carbon dioxide pump is connected with the inlet of an intercooler, the outlet of the intercooler is connected with the inlet of a second carbon dioxide pump, the outlet of the second carbon dioxide pump is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature side of a first low-temperature regenerator, the outlet of the low-temperature side of the first low-temperature regenerator is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature side of a first high-temperature regenerator, the outlet of the low-temperature side of the first high-temperature regenerator is connected with the working medium inlet of a combustion chamber, the working medium outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with a high-temperature turbine inlet, the high-temperature turbine is connected with a generator, the outlet of the high-temperature turbine is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature side of a high-temperature heat exchanger, the outlet of the high-temperature, the outlet of the cooler is connected with the inlet of the water separator, the working medium outlet of the water separator is connected with the inlet of the condenser, and the outlet of the condenser is divided into two paths which are respectively connected with the inlet of the first carbon dioxide pump and the inlet of the carbon dioxide collecting device;
the indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem comprises a second low-temperature regenerator, a low-temperature side inlet of the second low-temperature regenerator is connected with an outlet of the first carbon dioxide pump, a low-temperature side outlet of the second low-temperature regenerator is connected with a low-temperature side inlet of the second high-temperature regenerator, a low-temperature side outlet of the second high-temperature regenerator is connected with a low-temperature side inlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger, a low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger is connected with a low-temperature turbine inlet, a low-temperature turbine is connected with a generator, a low-temperature turbine outlet is connected with a high-temperature side inlet of the second high-temperature regenerator, a high-temperature side outlet of the second high-temperature regenerator is connected with a high.
Preferably, the direct-fired heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem further comprises a fuel supply device and an oxygen supply device, wherein the fuel supply device is connected with the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber, and the oxygen supply device is connected with the oxygen inlet of the combustion chamber.
Preferably, the first low temperature regenerator is connected to a first external heat source from low grade heat or waste heat.
Preferably, the second low temperature regenerator is connected to a second external heat source from low grade heat or waste heat.
Preferably, the high temperature turbine, the low temperature turbine and the generator are coaxially arranged.
Preferably, the indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem adopts a mode of reheating one or more times and is correspondingly provided with a multi-section turbine.
When the cascade supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system is used, the steps are as follows: the liquid carbon dioxide working medium is pressurized by a first carbon dioxide pump and then divided into two paths, wherein one path of the liquid carbon dioxide working medium is supplied to the direct-combustion heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem, and the other path of the liquid carbon dioxide working medium is supplied to the indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem;
a first path of liquid carbon dioxide working medium from a first carbon dioxide pump is cooled by an intercooler, enters a second carbon dioxide pump for further pressurization, then sequentially passes through a first low-temperature heat regenerator and a first high-temperature heat regenerator for heat absorption, then enters a combustion chamber for combustion and heating, and a formed mixed working medium enters a high-temperature turbine, and expands in the high-temperature turbine to do work to push a generator to generate electric power; the high-temperature turbine exhaust enters a high-temperature heat exchanger, the heat of a high-temperature section is transferred to a working medium of an indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem, the working medium sequentially passes through a first high-temperature heat regenerator and a first low-temperature heat regenerator to release waste heat, then is cooled by a cooler, enters a water separator to be dehumidified, then enters a condenser to be condensed into a liquid state, the redundant carbon dioxide generated by combustion enters a carbon dioxide collecting device, and the rest of the redundant carbon dioxide returns to a first carbon dioxide pump;
the other path of liquid carbon dioxide working medium from the first carbon dioxide pump sequentially enters a second low-temperature heat regenerator and a second high-temperature heat regenerator to absorb heat, is heated by a high-temperature heat exchanger, then enters a low-temperature turbine to expand and apply work to push a generator to generate electric power, and low-temperature exhaust gas sequentially passes through the second high-temperature heat regenerator and the second low-temperature heat regenerator to release waste heat, is condensed into a liquid state by a condenser and then returns to the first carbon dioxide pump.
Preferably, the outlet pressure of the first carbon dioxide circulating pump is 15-25 MPa.
Preferably, the outlet pressure of the second carbon dioxide circulating pump is 25-40 MPa.
Preferably, the inlet air temperature of the high-temperature turbine is 1000-1200 ℃.
Preferably, the high temperature part of the high temperature turbine is cooled by extracting a working medium of a lower temperature before entering the combustion chamber.
Preferably, the exhaust gas temperature of the high temperature turbine does not exceed 900 ℃.
Preferably, the exhaust pressure of the high temperature turbine is above and near the saturation pressure corresponding to the condensation temperature of carbon dioxide.
Preferably, the inlet temperature of the low temperature turbine does not exceed 750 ℃.
Preferably, the exhaust pressure of the cryogenic turbine is above and near the saturation pressure corresponding to the carbon dioxide condensation temperature.
Preferably, the power generation capacity of the cascade-type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system is 50 MWe-1000 MWe.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a cascade-type's supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system has following beneficial effect:
1. the system has high energy utilization rate, high temperature of the hot end and high cycle efficiency, and can absorb external low-grade heat and generate electricity with high efficiency.
2. The system does not discharge pollutants, and 100% of the carbon dioxide is captured.
3. The system has no compressor, the equipment is simplified, and the reliability is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cascade-type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system provided in this embodiment;
description of reference numerals:
1-a first carbon dioxide pump, 2-an intercooler, 3-a second carbon dioxide pump, 4-a first low temperature regenerator, 5-a first external heat source, 6-a first high temperature regenerator, 7-a combustion chamber, 8-a fuel supply device, 9-an oxygen supply device, 10-a high temperature turbine, 11-a generator, 12-a cooler, 13-a water separator, 14-a condenser, 15-a carbon dioxide collection device, 16-a second low temperature regenerator, 17-a second external heat source, 18-a second high temperature regenerator, 19-a high temperature heat exchanger, 20-a low temperature turbine.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
In consideration of the characteristics of the indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide cycle, the turbine exhaust heat of the direct heating supercritical carbon dioxide cycle is suitable as the main heater heat source (the turbine inlet temperature is less than 750 ℃) of the direct heating supercritical carbon dioxide cycle, and the pressure of the indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide cycle is generally selected to be about 20MPa, so that the material problems are not caused. The supercritical carbon dioxide circulation complementarity of direct-fired heating and indirect heating is good, the cascade type of the direct-fired heating and the indirect heating can realize high circulation efficiency, and compared with the scheme of expanding expansion ratio and cold-end compression, the supercritical carbon dioxide circulation complementation can also save complex compression equipment.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cascade-type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system provided in this embodiment, where the cascade-type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system includes a direct-combustion heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem and an indirect-heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem.
The direct-fired heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem and the indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem are both simple regenerative cycles.
The direct-combustion heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem comprises a first carbon dioxide pump 1, wherein the outlet of the first carbon dioxide pump 1 is connected with the inlet of an intercooler 2, the outlet of the intercooler 2 is connected with the inlet of a second carbon dioxide pump 3, the outlet of the second carbon dioxide pump 3 is connected with the inlet of a first low-temperature regenerator 4 at the low temperature side, the outlet of the first low-temperature regenerator 4 at the low temperature side is connected with the inlet of a first high-temperature regenerator 6 at the low temperature side, the outlet of the first high-temperature regenerator 6 at the low temperature side is connected with a working medium inlet of a combustion chamber 7, a fuel supply device 8 and an oxygen supply device 9 are respectively connected with the fuel inlet and the oxygen inlet of the combustion chamber 7, the working medium outlet of the combustion chamber 7 is connected with the inlet of a high-temperature turbine 10, the high-temperature turbine 10 is connected with a generator 11, the outlet of the, the outlet of the high-temperature side of the first high-temperature heat regenerator 6 is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature side of the first low-temperature heat regenerator 4, the outlet of the high-temperature side of the first low-temperature heat regenerator 4 is connected with the inlet of the cooler 12, the outlet of the cooler 12 is connected with the inlet of the water separator 13, the working medium outlet of the water separator 13 is connected with the inlet of the condenser 14, and the outlet of the condenser 14 is divided into two paths which are respectively connected with the inlet of the first carbon dioxide pump 1.
The indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem comprises a first carbon dioxide pump 1, wherein the outlet of the first carbon dioxide pump 1 is connected with the low-temperature side inlet of a second low-temperature regenerator 16, the low-temperature side outlet of the second low-temperature regenerator 16 is connected with the low-temperature side inlet of a second high-temperature regenerator 18, the low-temperature side outlet of the second high-temperature regenerator 18 is connected with the low-temperature side inlet of a high-temperature heat exchanger 19, the low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger 19 is connected with the inlet of a low-temperature turbine 20, the low-temperature turbine 20 is connected with the generator 11, the outlet of the low-temperature turbine 20 is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of the second high-temperature regenerator 18, the high-temperature side outlet of the second high-temperature regenerator 18 is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of the second low-temperature regenerator 16, the.
The first low-temperature regenerator 4 and the second low-temperature regenerator 16 are respectively connected with a first external heat source 5 and a second external heat source 17, and the first external heat source 5 and the second external heat source 17 are from low-grade heat and waste heat. The high temperature turbine 10, the low temperature turbine 20, and the generator 11 are coaxially arranged.
The circulating system has pipeline for the connection of the devices, valves and meters in the pipeline, and other parts including auxiliary facilities, electric system, control system, etc.
The cascade-type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system provided by the embodiment comprises the following specific implementation steps:
after the liquid carbon dioxide working medium is pressurized to 20MPa by the first carbon dioxide pump 1, the liquid carbon dioxide working medium is divided into two paths, wherein one path is supplied to the direct-combustion heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem, and the other path is supplied to the indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem. The first path is cooled by an intercooler 2 (about 20 ℃), enters a second carbon dioxide pump 3 for further pressurization to 35MPa, absorbs heat by a first low-temperature heat regenerator 4 and a first high-temperature heat regenerator 6, enters a combustion chamber 7 and is heated to 1150 ℃ by combustion of fuel (natural gas) and oxygen, the formed high-temperature and high-pressure mixed working medium enters a high-temperature turbine 10, the working medium expands to about 6MPa/850 ℃ in the high-temperature turbine 10, the high-temperature turbine 10 does work to push a generator 11 to generate electric power, the exhaust gas of the high-temperature turbine 10 enters a high-temperature heat exchanger 19, the heat of the high-temperature section of the exhaust gas of the high-temperature turbine 10 is transferred to the working medium of an indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem, the waste heat is released by the first high-temperature heat regenerator 6 and the first low-temperature heat regenerator 4, then is cooled by a cooler 12, enters a water separator 13 for dehumidification, and, excess carbon dioxide from the combustion is passed to a carbon dioxide collection means 15 and the remainder is returned to the first carbon dioxide pump 1. The other path of working medium from the first carbon dioxide pump 1 sequentially enters a second low-temperature heat regenerator 16 and a second high-temperature heat regenerator 18 to absorb heat, is heated to 750 ℃ through a high-temperature heat exchanger 19, then enters a low-temperature turbine 20 to expand to about 6MPa/570 ℃, the low-temperature turbine 20 applies work to drive a generator 11 to generate electricity, low-temperature exhaust gas sequentially passes through the second high-temperature heat regenerator 18 and the second low-temperature heat regenerator 16 to release waste heat, then is condensed into a liquid state (about 20 ℃) through a condenser 14, and then returns to the first carbon dioxide pump 1.
According to the embodiment, the unit with medium and large capacity grade of 50 MWe-1000 MWe can be formed, the net efficiency of natural gas power generation is close to 60% after oxygen supply devices (such as air separation plants) and other service power are deducted, the net efficiency is equivalent to the level of F-class gas turbine combined cycle, and 100% of carbon capture and no pollutant emission are realized, so that the environmental benefit is excellent.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element may be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element may be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way and in any way, and it should be understood that modifications and additions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the method of the present invention, and such modifications and additions are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and evolutions equivalent to those made by the above-disclosed technical content without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes, modifications and evolutions are equivalent embodiments of the present invention; meanwhile, any changes, modifications and evolutions of equivalent changes to the above embodiments according to the actual technology of the present invention are also within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A cascade-type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system is characterized in that: comprises a direct-fired heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem and an indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem;
the direct-fired heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem comprises a first carbon dioxide pump (1), the outlet of the first carbon dioxide pump (1) is connected with the inlet of an intercooler (2), the outlet of the intercooler (2) is connected with the inlet of a second carbon dioxide pump (3), the outlet of the second carbon dioxide pump (3) is connected with the low-temperature side inlet of a first low-temperature regenerator (4), the low-temperature side outlet of the first low-temperature regenerator (4) is connected with the low-temperature side inlet of a first high-temperature regenerator (6), the low-temperature side outlet of the first high-temperature regenerator (6) is connected with the working medium inlet of a combustion chamber (7), the working medium outlet of the combustion chamber (7) is connected with the inlet of a high-temperature turbine (10), the high-temperature turbine (10) is connected with a generator (11), the outlet of the high-temperature turbine (10) is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of a high-temperature heat exchanger (19), the, the outlet of the high-temperature side of the first high-temperature regenerator (6) is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature side of the first low-temperature regenerator (4), the outlet of the high-temperature side of the first low-temperature regenerator (4) is connected with the inlet of a cooler (12), the outlet of the cooler (12) is connected with the inlet of a water separator (13), the working medium outlet of the water separator (13) is connected with the inlet of a condenser (14), and the outlet of the condenser (14) is divided into two paths which are respectively connected with the inlet of a first carbon dioxide pump (1) and the inlet of a carbon dioxide collecting device;
the indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem comprises a second low-temperature regenerator (16), a low-temperature side inlet of the second low-temperature regenerator (16) is connected with an outlet of the first carbon dioxide pump (1), a low-temperature side outlet of the second low-temperature regenerator (16) is connected with a low-temperature side inlet of a second high-temperature regenerator (18), a low-temperature side outlet of the second high-temperature regenerator (18) is connected with a low-temperature side inlet of a high-temperature heat exchanger (19), the low-temperature side outlet of the high-temperature heat exchanger (19) is connected with the inlet of a low-temperature turbine (20), the low-temperature turbine (20) is connected with the generator (11), the outlet of the low-temperature turbine (20) is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of a second high-temperature regenerator (18), the high-temperature side outlet of the second high-temperature regenerator (18) is connected with the high-temperature side inlet of a second low-temperature regenerator (16), and the high-temperature side outlet of the second low-temperature regenerator (16) is connected with the inlet of the condenser (14).
2. A cascade-type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the direct-combustion heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem further comprises a fuel supply device (8) and an oxygen supply device (9), wherein the fuel supply device (8) is connected with a fuel inlet of the combustion chamber (7), and the oxygen supply device (9) is connected with an oxygen inlet of the combustion chamber (7).
3. A cascade-type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the first low-temperature regenerator (4) is connected with a first external heat source (5) from low-grade heat or waste heat.
4. A cascade-type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the second low-temperature regenerator (16) is connected with a second external heat source (17) from low-grade heat or waste heat.
5. A cascade-type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature turbine (10), the low-temperature turbine (20) and the generator (11) are coaxially arranged.
6. A cascade-type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the indirect heating supercritical carbon dioxide circulation subsystem adopts a one-time or multi-time reheating mode and is correspondingly provided with a multi-section turbine.
CN201922233335.9U 2019-12-12 2019-12-12 Cascade type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system Withdrawn - After Issue CN211598771U (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111102026A (en) * 2019-12-12 2020-05-05 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 Cascade type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system and method
CN113280672A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-08-20 电子科技大学 Multistage low temperature waste heat recovery system based on supercritical carbon dioxide

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111102026A (en) * 2019-12-12 2020-05-05 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 Cascade type supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle system and method
CN111102026B (en) * 2019-12-12 2023-11-24 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 Cascade supercritical carbon dioxide power circulation system and method
CN113280672A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-08-20 电子科技大学 Multistage low temperature waste heat recovery system based on supercritical carbon dioxide
CN113280672B (en) * 2021-06-18 2022-03-04 电子科技大学 Multistage low temperature waste heat recovery system based on supercritical carbon dioxide

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