CN114109467A - Tunnel construction comprehensive ventilation system and control method - Google Patents
Tunnel construction comprehensive ventilation system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114109467A CN114109467A CN202111475720.XA CN202111475720A CN114109467A CN 114109467 A CN114109467 A CN 114109467A CN 202111475720 A CN202111475720 A CN 202111475720A CN 114109467 A CN114109467 A CN 114109467A
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/006—Ventilation at the working face of galleries or tunnels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/08—Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilators
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a tunnel construction comprehensive ventilation system, which comprises a ventilator 8 and a first frame 7, and is characterized by further comprising: a refrigeration system; ventilator 8 passes through first damping device fixed mounting on first frame 7 top platform, and refrigerating system passes through second damping device fixed mounting on 6 top platforms of second frame, and ventilator 8 passes through negative pressure tuber pipe soft connection with refrigerating system. The ventilator 8 and the refrigeration system are respectively arranged on the two racks, so that the condition that the refrigerant of the compressor is leaked due to the fact that vibration is transmitted to the refrigeration system when the ventilator runs can be avoided; the soft connection of the negative pressure air pipe can ensure the air tightness and achieve the effects of shock absorption and shock reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to a tunnel construction comprehensive ventilation system and a control method.
Background
The traditional pure forced ventilation method adopts a method of introducing fresh air for dilution and removing dirty air, and a large amount of fresh air needs to be introduced along with the extension of the construction distance of the tunnel. In summer, the temperature of air outside the tunnel is higher than that of the mountain, and outdoor high-temperature air is sent into the tunnel by the traditional ventilation method, so that the temperature reduction effect is not achieved, and the temperature of the air in the tunnel is improved. The demand of internal combustion equipment to fresh air is greater than the demand to fresh air far away when simple operation, and only when tunnel blasting slagging tap during the construction, internal combustion equipment is more, and is great to fresh air demand, and the operation time quantum accounts for whole tunnel excavation cycle time fourth, and traditional ventilation mode all adopts the unified amount of wind of sending into in whole excavation circulation, must lead to the fact the waste of ventilation blower power, the waste of power resource.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to at least solve the technical problems in the prior art, and particularly innovatively provides a tunnel construction comprehensive ventilation system and a control method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a tunnel construction integrated ventilation system, including a ventilator and a first frame, further including: a refrigeration system; the ventilator is fixedly arranged on a platform at the top of the first frame through a first damping device, the refrigeration system is fixedly arranged on a platform at the top of the second frame through a second damping device, and the ventilator and the refrigeration system are respectively arranged on the two frames so as to prevent the vibration of the ventilator during operation from being transmitted to the refrigeration system to cause the leakage of a refrigerant of a compressor; the ventilator is flexibly connected with the refrigerating system through a negative pressure air pipe; the soft connection through the negative pressure air pipe can ensure the air tightness and achieve the effects of shock absorption and shock reduction.
The refrigerating system comprises an air cooling evaporator, a cooling air box, an anti-super-negative pressure automatic door, a drain pipe, a refrigerating compressor and a temperature sensor; the air cooling evaporator is arranged on two outer sides of the cooling air box, the drain pipe is led out from the lowest position of the cooling air box and used for discharging condensed water of the air cooling evaporator, the refrigeration compressor is arranged right below the cooling air box, the anti-over negative pressure automatic door is arranged at one end of the cooling air box, which is far away from the ventilator, and is connected with the cooling air box through an automatic door telescopic rod, and the temperature sensor can be arranged on the outer side of the ventilator, the outer side of the cooling air box, the first frame or the second frame and used for measuring the outdoor air temperature; preferably outside the cooling bellows. Two refrigeration compressors are used because one refrigeration compressor has insufficient capacity and is not so large.
The air cooling evaporator is arranged on two sides of the outside of the cooling air box, holes are formed in two sides of the cooling air box, air circulation can be achieved, and when the ventilator runs, the air pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the cooling air box enables air to flow into the air box. The air cooling evaporators are arranged on two sides to prevent broken stones, dust and the like from blocking the ventilation openings during blasting; and the air cooling evaporator and the cooling air box are tightly attached through the pressure difference from outside to inside, thereby being beneficial to finding problems in time and being convenient for maintenance.
The ventilation system is arranged 20 meters +/-5 meters outside the hole.
The ventilator is an axial flow ventilator. The ventilator is close to one end of the hole.
When the refrigerating system operates, the refrigerant is compressed and cooled by the refrigerating compressor, the low-temperature compressed refrigerant flows to the air cooling evaporator through the pipeline, negative pressure is formed in the cooling air box through the suction action of the ventilator, and high-temperature air outside the cooling air box flows into the cooling air box through the evaporator; and in the process of flowing through the air cooling evaporator, the heat of the high-temperature air is transferred to the low-temperature refrigerant to realize cooling.
Further, still include:
the ventilator and the refrigeration cooling system are started and stopped in a linkage manner.
A first terminal of fuse FU1 is connected to either phase of the three phase alternating current, a second terminal of fuse FU1 is connected to a first terminal of switch SB1,
the second end of the switch SB1 is connected with the first end of the normally closed contact of the switch SB3, the first end of the second normally open output loop of the first contactor KM1, the first end of the normally open output loop of the fifth normally open contactor KM5, the first end of the normally closed contact of the switch SB4, the first end of the normally open contact of the switch SB4, the first end of the third normally open output loop of the third contactor KM3, the first end of the fourth normally open output loop of the third contactor KM3 and the first end of the fifth normally closed output loop of the third contactor KM3,
the second end of the normally closed contact of the switch SB3 is connected with the first end of the normally open contact of the switch SB2 and the first end of the first normally open output loop of the first contactor KM1, the second end of the normally open contact of the switch SB2 and the second end of the first normally open output loop of the first contactor KM1 are connected with the first end of the first normally closed output loop of the second contactor KM2, the second end of the first normally closed output loop of the second contactor KM2 is connected with the first end of the first normally closed output loop of the third contactor KM3, and the second end of the first normally closed output loop of the third contactor KM3 is connected with the first end of the coil of the first contactor KM 1;
the second end of the second normally open output loop of the first contactor KM1 and the second end of the normally open output loop of the fifth normally open contactor KM5 are connected with the first end of a switch SB22, and the second end of the switch SB22 is connected with the first end of a coil of the fifth contactor KM 5;
the second end of the normally closed contact of the switch SB4 is connected with the first end of the normally open contact of the switch SB3 and the first end of the second normally open output loop of the second contactor KM2, the second end of the normally open contact of the switch SB3 and the second end of the second normally open output loop of the second contactor KM2 are connected with the first end of the third normally closed output loop of the first contactor KM1, the second end of the third normally closed output loop of the first contactor KM1 is connected with the first end of the second normally closed output loop of the third contactor KM3, and the second end of the second normally closed output loop of the third contactor KM3 is connected with the first end of the coil of the second contactor KM 2;
the second end of a normally open contact of the switch SB4 and the second end of a third normally open output loop of the third contactor KM3 are connected with the first end of a fourth normally closed output loop of the first contactor KM1, the second end of the fourth normally closed output loop of the first contactor KM1 is connected with the first end of the third normally closed output loop of the second contactor KM2, the second end of the third normally closed output loop of the second contactor KM2 is connected with the first end of a coil of the third contactor KM3, and the second end of a coil of the third contactor KM3 is connected with the first end of a coil of the fourth contactor KM 4;
a second end of a fourth normally open output loop of the third contactor KM3 is connected to a first end of a normally closed output loop of a seventh normally closed contactor KM7, a second end of a normally closed output loop of the seventh normally closed contactor KM7 is connected to a first end of a coil of a sixth contactor KM6,
a second end of a fifth normally closed output loop of the third contactor KM3 is connected to a first end of a normally closed output loop of a sixth normally closed contactor KM6, a second end of a normally closed output loop of the sixth normally closed contactor KM6 is connected to a first end of a coil of a seventh contactor KM7,
the second end of the coil of the first contactor KM1, the second end of the coil of the fifth contactor KM5, the second end of the coil of the second contactor KM2, the second end of the coil of the fourth contactor KM4, the second end of the coil of the sixth contactor KM6 and the second end of the coil of the seventh contactor KM7 are connected with the first end of a fuse FU2,
the second end of fuse FU2 is connected to the center line N of the three-phase alternating current.
A first end of a first phase of the breaker QF is connected to a U-phase of three-phase alternating current, a second end of the first phase of the breaker QF is connected to a power input first end of a 24V dc conversion power source, a first end of a first phase of the first contactor KM1, a first end of a first phase of the second contactor KM2, a first end of a first phase of the third contactor KM3, and a first end of a first phase of the fifth contactor KM5,
a first end of the second phase of the breaker QF is connected to the three-phase alternating current V phase, a second end of the second phase of the breaker QF is connected to a first end of the 24V dc conversion power source, a first end of the second phase of the first contactor KM1, a first end of the second phase of the second contactor KM2, a first end of the second phase of the third contactor KM3, a first end of the second phase of the fifth contactor KM5,
a first end of a third phase of the breaker QF is connected to the three-phase alternating current W, and a second end of the third phase of the breaker QF is connected to a first end of a third phase of the first contactor KM1, a first end of a third phase of the second contactor KM2, a first end of a third phase of the third contactor KM3, and a first end of a third phase of the fifth contactor KM 5; the second end of the power input of the 24V direct-current power supply is connected with the center line of the three-phase alternating current;
the second end of the first phase of the first contactor KM1 is connected to the first end of the first phase of the thermal relay DRJ, the second end of the second phase of the first contactor KM1 is connected to the first end of the second phase of the thermal relay DRJ, the second end of the third phase of the first contactor KM1 is connected to the first end of the third phase of the thermal relay DRJ,
a second end of the first phase of the second contactor KM2 is connected to a first end of the first phase of the thermal relay ZRJ, a second end of the second phase of the second contactor KM2 is connected to a first end of the second phase of the thermal relay ZRJ, a second end of the third phase of the second contactor KM2 is connected to a first end of the third phase of the thermal relay ZRJ,
a second end of the first phase of the third contactor KM3 is connected to a first end of the first phase of the thermal relay GRJ, a second end of the second phase of the third contactor KM3 is connected to a first end of the second phase of the thermal relay GRJ, a second end of the third phase of the third contactor KM3 is connected to a first end of the third phase of the thermal relay GRJ,
a second end of the first phase of the fifth contactor KM5 is connected to a first end of the first phase of the thermal relay YRJ, a second end of the second phase of the fifth contactor KM5 is connected to a first end of the second phase of the thermal relay YRJ, and a second end of the third phase of the fifth contactor KM5 is connected to a first end of the third phase of the thermal relay YRJ;
the second end of the first phase of the thermal relay DRJ is connected to the first three-phase end U1 of the ventilator motor YD and the first end of the first phase of the fourth contactor KM4,
the second end of the second phase of the thermal relay DRJ is connected to the first three-phase end V1 of the ventilator motor YD, the first end of the second phase of the fourth contactor KM4,
a second end of the third phase of the thermal relay DRJ is connected with a first-gear three-phase end W1 of the ventilator motor YD and a first end of the third phase of the fourth contactor KM 4;
a second end of a first phase of the thermal relay ZRJ is connected with a second-gear three-phase end U2 of the ventilator motor YD, a second end of a second phase of the thermal relay ZRJ is connected with a second-gear three-phase end V2 of the ventilator motor YD, and a second end of a third phase of the thermal relay ZRJ is connected with a second-gear three-phase end W2 of the ventilator motor YD;
a second end of a first phase of the thermal relay GRJ is connected with a second-gear three-phase end U3 of the ventilator motor YD, a second end of a second phase of the thermal relay GRJ is connected with a second-gear three-phase end V3 of the ventilator motor YD, and a second end of a third phase of the thermal relay GRJ is connected with a second-gear three-phase end W3 of the ventilator motor YD;
a second end of the first phase of the thermal relay YRJ is connected to a three-phase end U of the refrigerant compressor motor JD, a second end of the second phase of the thermal relay YRJ is connected to a three-phase end V of the refrigerant compressor motor JD, and a second end of the third phase of the thermal relay YRJ is connected to a three-phase end W of the refrigerant compressor motor JD;
a first end of a power output of the 24V direct current conversion power supply is connected with a first end of a first phase of a sixth contactor KM6 and a first end of a first phase of a seventh contactor KM7,
the power supply output end of the 24V direct current conversion power supply is connected with the first end of the second phase of the sixth contactor KM6 and the first end of the second phase of the seventh contactor KM 7;
the second end of the first phase of the sixth contactor KM6 is connected to the first end of the first phase of the thermal relay YRJ1, the second end of the second phase of the sixth contactor KM6 is connected to the first end of the second phase of the thermal relay YRJ1,
a second end of the first phase of the seventh contactor KM7 was connected to a first end of the first phase of the thermal relay YRJ2, and a second end of the second phase of the seventh contactor KM7 was connected to a first end of the second phase of the thermal relay YRJ 2;
a second end of the first phase of the thermal relay YRJ1 is connected with a forward end of the automatic door telescopic rod motor SD and a second end of the second phase of the thermal relay YRJ2, and a second end of the second phase of the thermal relay YRJ1 is connected with a reverse end of the automatic door telescopic rod motor SD and a second end of the first phase of the thermal relay YRJ 2;
the second end of the first phase of the fourth contactor KM4, the second end of the second phase of the fourth contactor KM4, and the second end of the third phase of the fourth contactor KM4 were short-circuited.
The ventilator motor YD changes the number of poles and thus the rotation speed.
Further, still include:
when the outdoor temperature is higher than the set temperature, the temperature sensor control switch SB22 is closed;
when the ventilator is started, the refrigeration system and the ventilator are started to operate in an interlocking mode;
the first-gear starting switch SB2 is pressed, the first contactor coil KM1 and the fifth contactor coil KM5 are simultaneously started through interlocking control, the first contactor coil KM1 and the fifth contactor coil KM5 realize continuous operation through self locking, and the ventilator controls the second contactor coil KM2 and the third contactor coil KM3 to alternately operate through pressing the switch SB3 and the switch SB4 at intervals so as to achieve two-gear and three-gear variable-speed gear shifting; and the fourth contactor coil KM4 acts in synchronization with the contactor KM 3;
when the ventilator is turned off, the ventilator and the refrigeration system are simultaneously stopped by the stop switch SB 1.
Further, still include:
when the ventilator switches to three-gear operation, an expansion rod of the automatic door extends out, a sixth contactor coil KM6, a contactor KM3 and a fourth contactor coil KM4 act simultaneously, and the anti-over negative pressure automatic door is opened;
when the ventilator is shut down in the third gear, the seventh normally closed contactor KM7 acts, the electric telescopic device retracts, and the anti-over negative pressure automatic door is closed.
Further, the ventilation system still includes the dust spray collector, and the dust spray collector includes: the high-pressure water supply pipe is annularly arranged along the hole, the water mist nozzles are uniformly distributed on the high-pressure water supply pipe, and the high-pressure spraying host machine is connected with the high-pressure water supply pipe and provides power for supplying water to generate high-pressure water. The spray dust removal device can realize quick dust removal and replace a forced ventilation air exchange mode.
The invention also provides a control method of the tunnel construction comprehensive ventilation system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, judging whether the current working condition is a blasting slag tapping working condition or a non-slag tapping working condition, if the current working condition is the blasting slag tapping working condition, executing a step S2, and if the current working condition is the non-slag tapping working condition, executing a step S3;
s2, calculating the required air volume according to the blasting slag tapping working condition, and adjusting the gear of the ventilator; the automatic door capable of preventing the super negative pressure is opened at the moment so as to meet the requirement of a large amount of ventilation required in the blasting slag tapping working condition.
S3, judging whether the temperature is lower than the set temperature through the temperature sensor, and if the current temperature is lower than the set temperature, executing the next step; if the current temperature is higher than the set temperature, executing step S5;
s4, calculating the required air volume according to the non-slag-tapping working condition, and adjusting the gear of the ventilator; at the moment, the automatic door for preventing the super negative pressure is opened.
And S5, starting the refrigeration system. Therefore, fresh air after being cooled enters the hole, the super-negative pressure prevention automatic door is closed at the moment, and the air enters the cooling air box through the air cooling evaporators on the two sides of the cooling air box. When being in the operating mode of not slagging tap, dust and PM2.5 content are lower value, only need to cool down the air that gets into through air cooling evaporimeter this moment and just can satisfy the demand in the hole.
Further, the S2 includes:
s11, calculating the air volume according to the maximum explosive usage amount in the same time blasting in the hole:
wherein K2 is the spare coefficient of the wind volume;
kq is the amount of fresh air required per liter of carbon monoxide;
zy is the weight of explosive;
b is the volume of carbon monoxide generated during blasting of each kilogram of explosive;
t is the ventilation time required for the gas to be dispersed after the explosive is exploded;
s22, calculating air volume according to the internal combustion engine:
Qinternal combustion engine＝Q0×ΣP
Wherein Q0The air supply quantity of the internal combustion machine is not less than 4.5m3The power sum of the internal combustion engine entering the cave is expressed by/min sigma P;
s33, taking the required maximum air volume:
Qneed to be large＝max(QExplosive,QInternal combustion engine)
And S44, considering air leakage loss of the air pipe to correct air volume:
B＝L×β
A＝(1-β)B
Qmechanical big＝QNeed to be large/A
Wherein L represents the maximum ventilation length;
beta represents the air leakage coefficient of the air duct of hectometer;
Qmechanical bigIndicating the maximum air volume required after the correction.
Further, the S4 includes:
s100, calculating the air volume according to the requirement of the replacement times of the air allowed in the hole per hour:
Qwind speed＝nL×S×cs/fl
Wherein nL represents the length of the tunnel lining workspace;
s represents the cross-sectional area of the tunnel;
cs represents the number of times the air in the hole is allowed to be replaced per hour;
fl represents ventilation per minute;
s200, calculating the air volume according to the maximum number of people working in the hole simultaneously:
Qpersonnel＝q3×m×K2
Wherein q3 represents a person 3m per minute3The amount of fresh air required; m represents the maximum number of people working in the tunnel at the same time;
k2 represents the air volume standby coefficient;
s300, taking the required maximum air volume:
Qsmall in demand＝max(QPersonnel,QChangeable pipe)；
S400, correcting air quantity by considering air leakage loss of an air pipe:
B＝L×β
A＝(1-β)B
Qsmall machine＝QSmall in demand/A
Wherein, L represents the maximum ventilation length;
beta represents the air leakage coefficient of the air duct of hectometer;
Qsmall machineIndicating the minimum air volume required after correction.
Further, the S5 includes:
wherein, P represents the refrigerating capacity;
cp represents the specific heat capacity;
ρair (a)Represents the density of air;
j represents the air temperature drop amplitude;
m represents the maximum number of people working simultaneously in the tunnel.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the ventilator 8 and the refrigerating system are respectively arranged on the two racks, so that the condition that the refrigerant of the compressor is leaked due to the fact that vibration is transmitted to the refrigerating system when the ventilator runs can be avoided; the soft connection of the negative pressure air pipe can ensure the air tightness and achieve the effects of shock absorption and shock reduction.
2. Can satisfy winter and summer ventilation demand in the hole under the different operating modes, and have energy-conserving efficiency: when the blasting slag discharging working condition, the super negative pressure preventing automatic door is opened so as to meet the requirement of a large amount of ventilation required when the blasting slag discharging working condition is met. Under the non-slag-discharging working condition, when the temperature is higher, the refrigerating system is opened, the super-negative pressure prevention automatic door is closed at the moment, and air enters the cooling air box through the air cooling evaporators on the two sides of the cooling air box. When being in the operating mode of not slagging tap, dust and PM2.5 content are lower value, only need to cool down the air that gets into through air cooling evaporimeter this moment and just can satisfy the demand in the hole.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a front view of the structure of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a side view of the structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a cooling windbox of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a side view of a cooling windbox of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the spray dust collector of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an interlock control circuit for a ventilator and refrigeration system in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic wiring diagram of the ventilator of the present invention as a three speed motor.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention provides a tunnel construction comprehensive ventilation system, as shown in fig. 1-7, the concrete contents include:
the invention comprehensively considers each construction process of the tunnel, and adopts grading and quality-divided ventilation according to different requirements of different processes on ventilation quantity and air quality. The blasting slag tapping working condition mainly aims at eliminating smoke and removing dust and meeting the oxygen demand of the internal combustion machinery, the ventilator needs to run at a high speed, and meanwhile, the spraying dust removal device is combined to realize rapid dust removal and meet the oxygen demand requirement of the internal combustion machinery. The working condition of non-slag discharging realizes the improvement of air quality, energy conservation and consumption reduction on the premise of ensuring the oxygen demand of constructors; the air cooling system is used for cooling the air, so that the construction environment temperature is reduced, the construction environment is improved, and the rotating speed of the ventilator is reduced to achieve the purpose of energy conservation.
Firstly, a water spray dust removal device is added behind the template trolley. An annular water mist spray head is laid on a formed lining behind a template trolley, and fine water mist drops are condensed to adsorb dust in the air and fall to the ground so as to achieve the function of purifying the dirty air. The water mist spray head is moved forwards in time according to the construction progress, the distance between the water mist spray head and the tunnel face is kept at 150-250 meters, so that the total ventilation quantity can be reduced, and the air between the tunnel face and the water mist spray head is updated once by utilizing the high-speed gear of the ventilator, so that the air quality in the tunnel can be effectively improved. After the air quality is purified, the rotating speed of the fan can be reduced according to the contents of harmful gas and oxygen on the tunnel face and the lining section, and the ventilation quantity is reduced. As shown in FIG. 5, the water spraying system comprises a high-pressure water supply pipe 22, a high-pressure spraying main machine 33 and a water mist nozzle 11.
Secondly, the ventilator is operated under the working condition of blasting slag tapping and the working condition of non-slag tapping:
1. slag discharging working condition:
firstly, calculating the air quantity according to the maximum explosive dosage used in the same time blasting in the hole.
Wherein K2 is an air volume spare coefficient, and K2 is 1.2 by taking factors such as uneven tunnel tunneling section, air leakage of an air duct, unbalanced gas leakage and the like into consideration;
kq is the amount of fresh air required per liter of carbon monoxide;
zy is the weight of explosive;
b is the volume of carbon monoxide generated during blasting of each kilogram of explosive, and 40 liters is taken;
and T is ventilation time required by gas emission after the explosive is exploded, and the time is taken for 30 minutes.
Secondly, calculating the air quantity by using an internal combustion machine in the tunnel.
QInternal combustion engine＝Q0×ΣP
Wherein Σ P represents the total number of in-tunnel combustion engine horsepower;
Q0the air supply quantity of the internal combustion machine is not less than 4.5m3/min
The internal combustion power in the tunnel hole comprises a ZLC50 side dump loader and a CQ1261T dump truck during the slag discharging period. 2 side dump loaders, the maximum power is 162kw, and the calculation power is 145 kw; and 3 dump trucks, wherein 1 full truck is loaded, 2 empty trucks are loaded, the full load power is 110kw, the calculated power is 99kw, and the calculated power of the empty trucks is calculated by 80% of the full load, namely 79 kw. The required air volume is:
Qinternal combustion engine＝Q0×ΣP＝4.5×(2×145+99+79×2)＝2461.5m3/min
③QNeed to be large＝max(QExplosive,QInternal combustion engine)＝2461.5m3/min
And fourthly, correcting the air quantity by considering air leakage loss of the air pipe.
The ventilation calculation takes the maximum ventilation length L as 1500 m. The air leakage coefficient beta of the air pipe is 1 percent, and the air quantity required by the fan is Q machine:
B＝L×β＝1500/100＝15
A＝(1-β)B＝(1-0.01)15＝0.86
Qmechanical big＝QNeed to be large/A＝2461.5/0.86＝2862m3/min
Wherein Q isMechanical bigRepresenting the maximum air quantity required by the corrected fan;
the three-gear air supply quantity of the SDF-NO12.5-110KW axial flow fan is 3300m according to the inquired fan parameters3Min, therefore, a high-speed gear of an SDF-NO12.5-110KW axial flow fan is used for air supply.
2. Non-slag-tapping working condition:
calculating the air quantity according to the change of the air allowed in the hole by 10 every hour.
QWind speed＝nL×S×cs/fl＝12×110×10/60＝220(m3/min)
Wherein nL represents the length of the tunnel lining workspace;
s represents the cross-sectional area of the tunnel;
cs represents the number of times the air in the hole is allowed to be replaced per hour;
fl represents ventilation per minute;
secondly, calculating the air quantity according to the maximum number of people working in the hole simultaneously.
QPersonnel＝q3×m×K2＝3×60×1.2＝216(m3/min)
Wherein q3 represents the amount of fresh air required by a person at 3m3 per minute;
m represents the maximum number of people working in the tunnel at the same time; the main hole is counted by 60 persons;
k2 represents the air volume standby coefficient;
③Qsmall in demand＝max(QPersonnel,QChangeable pipe)＝220m3/min
And fourthly, correcting the air quantity by considering air leakage loss of the air pipe.
The maximum ventilation length L is 1500m, the air leakage coefficient beta of the air pipe hectometer is 1%, and the air quantity required by the fan is Q:
B＝L×β＝1500/100＝15
A＝(1-β)B＝(1-0.01)15＝0.86
Qsmall machine＝QSmall in demand/A＝220/0.86＝256m3/min
Similarly, the requirement can be met only by adopting two-gear air supply by inquiring the parameters of the SDF-NO12.5-110KW axial flow fan.
3. Air volume adjusting measure
And judging and selecting several grades according to the air supply quantity in the general query fan parameters. The secondary power of the SDF-NO12.5-110KW type axial flow fan is 44X 2KW, and the running time accounts for 3/4 of the whole excavation cycle; three steps of power 110 x 2KW, running time 1/4 of the total excavation cycle time. Through the comparison of the two working conditions, under the condition of ensuring the air quality, the electric energy can be saved by 60 percent by the working condition operation, and huge economic benefit and social benefit can be brought into play.
Thirdly, adding ventilation and cooling measures at an air inlet of the ventilator:
aiming at high outdoor temperature in summer, an air inlet box is arranged at an air inlet of a ventilator, the temperature of air sucked into the ventilator is reduced by 5-6 ℃, and the air temperature in a tunnel can be effectively reduced by the low-temperature heat absorption effect of a mountain, so that a good construction environment is created. Because the ventilation volume is very large at high wind speed, the power of a cooling system is required to be very large, and the time period of high-speed operation is short, the non-slagging workers are mainly consideredAnd (3) cooling the air in the operating condition, wherein the refrigerating capacity of the cooling system is calculated as follows: rhoAir (a)＝1.293Kg/m3The specific heat capacity cp is 1.005kJ/(kg × K), and the refrigerating capacity is simply calculated as follows:
wherein, P represents the refrigerating capacity;
m represents the maximum number of people working in the tunnel at the same time, and the number of the main holes is 60;
j represents the air temperature reduction amplitude, 5 is taken, and the air temperature is reduced by 5 DEG C
The refrigerating system is shown in figures 1 and 4, and the refrigerating system is composed of a ventilator 8, a cooling air box 2, an automatic super-negative pressure prevention door 3, a refrigerating compressor 5, an air cooling evaporator 1, a water discharge pipe 4 and racks 6 and 7. The ventilator 8 is flexibly connected with the cooling air box 2 through a negative pressure air pipe and is respectively fixed on the first frame 7 and the second frame 6. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, when the outdoor temperature is higher than the set reduced temperature (26 ℃, which can be set), the temperature sensor controls the temperature switch SB22 to be closed, and when the ventilator is started, the refrigeration system and the ventilator are interlocked to start operation.
The ventilator 8 is preferably an axial flow ventilator.
The ventilator is a three-speed motor, a first-gear starting switch SB2 is pressed, a first-gear motor contactor KM1 and a temperature reduction equipment contactor KM5 are synchronously started through interlocking control, the KM5 realizes continuous operation through self locking, and the ventilator alternately operates through alternately pressing switches SB3 and SB4 to control contactors KM2 and KM3(KM4 and KM3 act synchronously) so as to achieve two-gear and three-gear speed change gear shifting; at shutdown, the ventilator and air cooling device are simultaneously stopped by stop switch SB 1. During cooling operation, the refrigerant is compressed and cooled by the refrigeration compressor 5, the low-temperature compressed refrigerant flows to the evaporator 1 through a pipeline, negative pressure is formed in the cooling air box 2 through the suction action of the ventilator, and high-temperature air outside the cooling air box 2 flows into the cooling air box 2 through the evaporator; in the process of flowing through the evaporator, the heat of the high-temperature air is transferred to the low-temperature refrigerant to realize cooling. When the fan runs at high speed, the air suction amount is large, so that large negative pressure is caused in the air box, and the negative pressure prevention automatic door 3 needs to be opened; as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, when the ventilator is switched to operate at a high speed, the extension contactor KM6 of the expansion link of the automatic door, KM3 and KM4 act simultaneously, the extension of the electric expansion link of the negative pressure prevention automatic door 3 is prevented, and the automatic door is opened; when the ventilator is stopped at the third gear, the automatic door telescopic rod retraction contactor KM7 acts, the electric telescopic rod retracts, and the automatic door closes.
The comprehensive ventilation system is adopted to play an obvious role in eliminating dust in tunnel construction and reducing air temperature, and meanwhile, the comprehensive ventilation system can play a role in saving energy, reducing consumption and reducing construction cost. Compared with the traditional method, the method increases the equipment cost by 10 ten thousand yuan, the maintenance cost is 2 ten thousand yuan per year, the electric charge is saved by 110 × 2 × 18 × 0.6 × 365 × 0.8 ═ 69.4 ten thousand yuan per year, and 124.8 ten thousand yuan can be saved if the calculation is carried out in a two-year construction period.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a ventilation system is synthesized in tunnel construction, includes ventilation blower (8) and first frame (7), its characterized in that still includes: a refrigeration system; the ventilator (8) is fixedly arranged on a platform at the top of the first rack (7) through a first damping device, the refrigeration system is fixedly arranged on a platform at the top of the second rack (6) through a second damping device, and the ventilator (8) is flexibly connected with the refrigeration system through a negative pressure air pipe;
the refrigerating system comprises an air cooling evaporator (1), a cooling air box (2), an anti-super-negative pressure automatic door (3), a drain pipe (4), a refrigerating compressor (5) and a temperature sensor; the air cooling evaporator (1) is arranged at two sides of the outside of the cooling air box (2), the drain pipe (4) is led out from the lowest part of the cooling air box (2) and is used for discharging condensed water of the air cooling evaporator (1), the refrigeration compressor (5) is arranged under the cooling air box (2), the super negative pressure prevention automatic door (3) is arranged at one end of the cooling air box (2) far away from the ventilator (8) and is connected with the cooling air box (2) through an automatic door telescopic rod,
the air cooling evaporators (1) are arranged at the two outer sides of the cooling air box (2),
the ventilation system is arranged 20 meters +/-5 meters outside the hole.
2. The comprehensive ventilation system for tunnel construction according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first terminal of fuse FU1 is connected to either phase of the three phase alternating current, a second terminal of fuse FU1 is connected to a first terminal of switch SB1,
the second end of the switch SB1 is connected with the first end of the normally closed contact of the switch SB3, the first end of the second normally open output loop of the first contactor KM1, the first end of the normally open output loop of the fifth normally open contactor KM5, the first end of the normally closed contact of the switch SB4, the first end of the normally open contact of the switch SB4, the first end of the third normally open output loop of the third contactor KM3, the first end of the fourth normally open output loop of the third contactor KM3 and the first end of the fifth normally closed output loop of the third contactor KM3,
the second end of the normally closed contact of the switch SB3 is connected with the first end of the normally open contact of the switch SB2 and the first end of the first normally open output loop of the first contactor KM1, the second end of the normally open contact of the switch SB2 and the second end of the first normally open output loop of the first contactor KM1 are connected with the first end of the first normally closed output loop of the second contactor KM2, the second end of the first normally closed output loop of the second contactor KM2 is connected with the first end of the first normally closed output loop of the third contactor KM3, and the second end of the first normally closed output loop of the third contactor KM3 is connected with the first end of the coil of the first contactor KM 1;
the second end of the second normally open output loop of the first contactor KM1 and the second end of the normally open output loop of the fifth normally open contactor KM5 are connected with the first end of a switch SB22, and the second end of the switch SB22 is connected with the first end of a coil of the fifth contactor KM 5;
the second end of the normally closed contact of the switch SB4 is connected with the first end of the normally open contact of the switch SB3 and the first end of the second normally open output loop of the second contactor KM2, the second end of the normally open contact of the switch SB3 and the second end of the second normally open output loop of the second contactor KM2 are connected with the first end of the third normally closed output loop of the first contactor KM1, the second end of the third normally closed output loop of the first contactor KM1 is connected with the first end of the second normally closed output loop of the third contactor KM3, and the second end of the second normally closed output loop of the third contactor KM3 is connected with the first end of the coil of the second contactor KM 2;
the second end of a normally open contact of the switch SB4 and the second end of a third normally open output loop of the third contactor KM3 are connected with the first end of a fourth normally closed output loop of the first contactor KM1, the second end of the fourth normally closed output loop of the first contactor KM1 is connected with the first end of the third normally closed output loop of the second contactor KM2, the second end of the third normally closed output loop of the second contactor KM2 is connected with the first end of a coil of the third contactor KM3, and the second end of a coil of the third contactor KM3 is connected with the first end of a coil of the fourth contactor KM 4;
a second end of a fourth normally open output loop of the third contactor KM3 is connected to a first end of a normally closed output loop of a seventh normally closed contactor KM7, a second end of a normally closed output loop of the seventh normally closed contactor KM7 is connected to a first end of a coil of a sixth contactor KM6,
a second end of a fifth normally closed output loop of the third contactor KM3 is connected to a first end of a normally closed output loop of a sixth normally closed contactor KM6, a second end of a normally closed output loop of the sixth normally closed contactor KM6 is connected to a first end of a coil of a seventh contactor KM7,
the second end of the coil of the first contactor KM1, the second end of the coil of the fifth contactor KM5, the second end of the coil of the second contactor KM2, the second end of the coil of the fourth contactor KM4, the second end of the coil of the sixth contactor KM6 and the second end of the coil of the seventh contactor KM7 are connected with the first end of a fuse FU2,
the second end of fuse FU2 is connected to the center line N of the three-phase alternating current.
3. The comprehensive ventilation system for tunnel construction according to claim 2, further comprising:
when the outdoor temperature is higher than the set temperature, the temperature sensor control switch SB22 is closed;
when the ventilator is started, the refrigeration system and the ventilator are started to operate in an interlocking mode;
the first-gear starting switch SB2 is pressed, the first contactor coil KM1 and the fifth contactor coil KM5 are simultaneously started through interlocking control, the first contactor coil KM1 and the fifth contactor coil KM5 realize continuous operation through self locking, and the ventilator controls the second contactor coil KM2 and the third contactor coil KM3 to alternately operate through pressing the switch SB3 and the switch SB4 at intervals so as to achieve two-gear and three-gear variable-speed gear shifting; and the fourth contactor coil KM4 acts in synchronization with the contactor KM 3;
when the ventilator is turned off, the ventilator and the refrigeration system are simultaneously stopped by the stop switch SB 1.
4. The comprehensive ventilation system for tunnel construction according to claim 2, further comprising:
when the ventilator is switched to operate in the third gear, the telescopic rod of the automatic door extends out, the sixth contactor coil KM6, the contactor KM3 and the fourth contactor coil KM4 act simultaneously, and the super-negative pressure prevention automatic door (3) is opened;
when the ventilator is shut down in the third gear, the seventh normally closed contactor KM7 acts, the electric telescopic device retracts, and the super negative pressure preventing automatic door (3) is closed.
5. The comprehensive ventilation system for tunnel construction according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation system further comprises a spray dust removing device, and the spray dust removing device comprises: the high-pressure water spraying device comprises a high-pressure water supply pipe (22), a high-pressure spraying host (33) and water mist spray heads (11), wherein the high-pressure water supply pipe (22) is annularly arranged along the inner part of a hole, the water mist spray heads (11) are uniformly distributed on the high-pressure water supply pipe (22), and the high-pressure spraying host (33) is connected with the high-pressure water supply pipe (22) and provides power for water supply to generate high-pressure water.
6. A control method of a tunnel construction comprehensive ventilation system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, judging whether the current working condition is a blasting slag tapping working condition or a non-slag tapping working condition, if the current working condition is the blasting slag tapping working condition, executing a step S2, and if the current working condition is the non-slag tapping working condition, executing a step S3;
s2, calculating the required air volume according to the blasting slag tapping working condition, and adjusting the gear of the ventilator;
s3, judging whether the temperature is lower than the set temperature through the temperature sensor, and if the current temperature is lower than the set temperature, executing the next step; if the current temperature is higher than the set temperature, executing step S5;
s4, calculating the required air volume according to the non-slag-tapping working condition, and adjusting the gear of the ventilator;
and S5, starting the refrigeration system.
7. The method for controlling a tunnel construction integrated ventilation system according to claim 6, wherein the S2 includes:
s11, calculating the air volume according to the maximum explosive usage amount in the same time blasting in the hole:
wherein K2 is the spare coefficient of the wind volume;
kq is the amount of fresh air required per liter of carbon monoxide;
zy is the weight of explosive;
b is the volume of carbon monoxide generated during blasting of each kilogram of explosive;
t is the ventilation time required for the gas to be dispersed after the explosive is exploded;
s22, calculating air volume according to the internal combustion engine:
Qinternal combustion engine＝Q0×ΣP
Wherein Q0The air supply quantity of the internal combustion machine is not less than 4.5m3/min
Σ P represents the total number of in-tunnel internal combustion engine horsepower;
s33, taking the required maximum air volume:
Qneed to be large＝max(QExplosive,QInternal combustion engine)
And S44, considering air leakage loss of the air pipe to correct air volume:
B＝L×β
A＝(1-β)B
Qmechanical big＝QNeed to be large/A
Wherein L represents the maximum ventilation length;
beta represents the air leakage coefficient of the air duct of hectometer;
Qmechanical bigIndicating the maximum air volume required after the correction.
8. The method for controlling a tunnel construction integrated ventilation system according to claim 6, wherein the S4 includes:
s100, calculating the air volume according to the requirement of the replacement times of the air allowed in the hole per hour:
Qwind speed＝nL×S×cs/fl
Wherein nL represents the length of the tunnel lining workspace;
s represents the cross-sectional area of the tunnel;
cs represents the number of times the air in the hole is allowed to be replaced per hour;
fl represents ventilation per minute;
s200, calculating the air volume according to the maximum number of people working in the hole simultaneously:
Qpersonnel＝q3×m×K2
Wherein q3 represents the amount of fresh air required by a person at 3m3 per minute;
m represents the maximum number of people working in the tunnel at the same time;
k2 represents the air volume standby coefficient;
s300, taking the required maximum air volume:
Qsmall in demand＝max(QPersonnel,QChangeable pipe)；
S400, correcting air quantity by considering air leakage loss of an air pipe:
B＝L×β
A＝(1-β)B
Qsmall machine＝QSmall in demand/A
Wherein, L represents the maximum ventilation length;
beta represents the air leakage coefficient of the air duct of hectometer;
Qsmall machineIndicating the minimum air volume required after correction.
9. The method for controlling a tunnel construction integrated ventilation system according to claim 6, wherein the S5 includes:
wherein, P represents the refrigerating capacity;
cp represents the specific heat capacity;
ρair (a)Represents the density of air;
j represents the air temperature drop amplitude;
m represents the maximum number of people working simultaneously in the tunnel.
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