CN114108549A - Quick erection system and method for ultra-long modular floating breakwater - Google Patents
Quick erection system and method for ultra-long modular floating breakwater Download PDFInfo
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- CN114108549A CN114108549A CN202111613157.8A CN202111613157A CN114108549A CN 114108549 A CN114108549 A CN 114108549A CN 202111613157 A CN202111613157 A CN 202111613157A CN 114108549 A CN114108549 A CN 114108549A
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- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/062—Constructions floating in operational condition, e.g. breakwaters or wave dissipating walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of arrangement of floating breakwaters, in particular to a system and a method for quickly erecting an ultra-long modularized floating breakwater. The system and the method for quickly erecting the ultra-long modularized floating breakwater utilize simultaneous operation of a plurality of installation ships, give play to the maximum construction efficiency, have clear technical route and practical scheme, can increase the installation speed of the floating breakwater from the traditional 80 m/h to 500 m/h, and have the advantages which are incomparable with the traditional erection method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of floating breakwater arrangement, in particular to a system and a method for quickly erecting an ultra-long modular floating breakwater.
Background
At present, the floating breakwater is widely applied to the fields of large-scale deepwater construction engineering, deep sea pastures, temporary enclosure at sea, military landing, emergency disaster prevention at sea and the like. The floating breakwater is a wave-proof structure which is built on the water surface according to the principle that wave energy is mainly concentrated on the surface layer of a water body, and has the advantages of saving engineering quantity, being high in erection speed, saving cost, reducing influence on hydrodynamic environment and the like due to the fact that seabed foundation treatment is not needed, and can meet wave-proof requirements under special conditions of large water depth, soft foundation, large tidal range and the like.
The floating breakwater is complex in composition and generally comprises a plurality of floating body units floating on the water surface, a plurality of anchor cables and anchoring foundations thereof. The adjacent floating body units need to be connected end to end so as to form a wave shield area on the water surface; each anchor cable needs to be connected with the corresponding floating body unit and the anchoring foundation so as to restrain the movement of the upper floating body unit and ensure the overall wave-dissipating effect; the anchoring foundation needs to be anchored on the seabed to ensure the safety and stability of the overall system. For the use of the floating breakwater, the principle of 'efficiency priority and index consideration' is generally followed, namely on the premise of meeting the wave-dissipating effect as much as possible, the rapid wave-dissipating capability is preferentially ensured, so the erection efficiency of the system is an important index for measuring the practicability of the floating breakwater, and the erection efficiency achieved by adopting different system erection processes and methods is different, especially for an ultra-long floating breakwater system (1km grade), the ultra-long floating breakwater system comprises a large number of system components, large-scale transportation ships and multiple installation and erection processes are needed, and how to select the erection process and the method of the floating breakwater is very important.
For example, patent No. CN200820191665.5 discloses a method for laying a multi-module floating breakwater on the sea, which is to install the floating breakwater and sinking blocks inside a hull in advance, lift the floating breakwater and sinking blocks to a deck by using a lift platform, transport the floating breakwater to the water surface by using a conveyor belt, a driving mechanism, etc., and finally perform butt joint of the floating breakwater and sinking installation of the sinking blocks by using a single ship.
However, the layout method in the prior art as described above has the following technical drawbacks: since the floating breakwater has numerous sinkers, which are key factors restricting installation efficiency, the installation of the floating breakwater and the sinkers is completed by one ship in the above patent documents, thereby greatly reducing the installation efficiency. In a comprehensive view, the purpose of quick installation cannot be achieved, and the existing floating breakwater and sinking blocks are placed inside the ship body and occupy most space of the ship body, so that the allocation and transportation efficiency inside the cabin is greatly reduced.
Therefore, a system and a method for quickly erecting an ultra-long modular floating breakwater are particularly provided to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system and a method for quickly erecting an ultra-long modularized floating breakwater, which utilize a plurality of installation ships to simultaneously operate, exert the maximum construction efficiency, have clear technical route and practical scheme, can increase the installation speed of the floating breakwater from the traditional 80 m/h to 500 m/h, and have the advantages which are incomparable with the traditional erection method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a quick erection system of an ultra-long modularized floating breakwater comprises a mother ship, a son ship, an auxiliary tugboat, a floating breakwater, an anchor cable system and anchor blocks, wherein the floating breakwater consists of a plurality of floating breakwater units, the plurality of floating breakwater units are loaded on a deck of the mother ship, the plurality of floating breakwater units are mutually connected, the plurality of anchor blocks are loaded on a deck of the son ship, a plurality of universal wheel brackets A for temporarily lifting the floating breakwater unit are arranged on the deck of the mother ship, the floating breakwater units are arranged on the universal wheel bracket A, the head ends and the tail ends of the plurality of floating breakwater units are mutually connected through a quick connecting rope, and a plurality of universal wheel brackets B used for temporarily lifting the anchor block bodies are arranged on the deck of the sub-ship, one end of the anchor cable system is connected with the floating breakwater unit, and the other end of the anchor cable system is connected with the anchor block bodies.
Furthermore, the anchor cable system comprises an anchor cable and a cable tightening mechanism consisting of a cable retracting roller, a one-way gear, a gear tooth buckle and an adjusting opening, wherein the anchor cable is wound on the cable retracting roller, the one-way gear and the cable retracting roller are fixedly connected with each other, and the cable retracting roller is provided with the adjusting opening for inserting the driving device.
Furthermore, the external teeth of the one-way gear are connected with a gear tooth buckle, and a spring is mounted on the gear tooth buckle and used for locking the cable retracting roller.
Further, the quick connect rope is including rope, rope regulator and quick-operation joint ware, and the rope regulator is installed at the middle part of rope, and quick-operation joint ware is installed respectively at the both ends of rope.
Further, the rope regulator is detained with the son including box, the rope is detained with son including female rope and son rope, son detain and son rope interconnect, and the box is connected on female rope, is provided with two spring pressing pieces in the inside of box.
An erection method of a quick erection system of an ultra-long modular floating breakwater comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, arranging floating breakwater units on a deck of a mother ship in order, then, installing one end of an anchor cable system at a preset position corresponding to the floating breakwater units, enabling the other end of the anchor cable system to be free, connecting the arranged floating breakwater units end to end by utilizing a quick connection rope, and placing a universal wheel bracket A below each floating breakwater unit;
step 2: after the floating breakwater units are arranged and the quick connecting ropes are connected, all universal wheel brackets A are locked, and loading and pre-connection of the floating breakwater units on the mother ship are completed;
and step 3: arranging all the anchor block bodies on two sub-ship decks in order, and placing a universal wheel bracket B below each anchor block body;
and 4, step 4: after the anchor blocks are arranged, all universal wheel brackets B are locked, and the anchor blocks are loaded on the sub-ship;
and 5: designing the erection position and the installation axis of the floating breakwater according to the wave-breaking requirement of the floating breakwater, then determining the starting point, the end point and the middle point of the installation of the floating breakwater, recording the coordinates of the starting point, the end point and all the middle points, and defining the direction of the installation axis as the tangential direction of the installation axis pointing to the end point from the starting point;
step 6: after all the floating breakwater units and the anchorage block bodies are transported to the position near the starting point coordinate of the installation axis, positioning and queuing of the installation ship are carried out;
and 7: after positioning and queuing of all installed ships are finished, quickly positioning and erecting the starting point of the floating breakwater;
and 8: carry out quick location installation to floating breakwater middle section and lay fast and install, the quick mode of laying of floating breakwater unit is: after the starting point of the floating breakwater is stable, the mother ship is started to drive forwards, and floating body units arranged on the semi-submersible ship can enter water in sequence under the driving of the ship;
and step 9: and rapidly positioning and erecting the terminal of the floating breakwater, applying a dragging force to one end of the terminal of the water surface floating breakwater unit by using two auxiliary tugs, and performing multi-point anchorage on the terminal of the floating breakwater by using a rapid anchor base after the floating breakwater is stabilized so as to stabilize the terminal of the floating breakwater and finish the erection.
Further, the length of the installation axis in the step 5 is perpendicular to the main wave direction of the waves or the included angle between the length of the installation axis and the main wave direction of the waves is not less than 45 degrees.
Further, in the step 6, the distance between the stern of the mother ship and the coordinates of the starting point is 2-3 times of the length of the floating breakwater unit, and the length direction of the mother ship is consistent with the tangential direction of the installation axis.
Further, in the step 7, two auxiliary tugs are needed to quickly tow one end of the floating breakwater unit arranged on the mother ship to the water surface, and after the length of the floating breakwater unit is towed by 2-3 times, the starting point of the floating breakwater is subjected to multi-point anchoring by using the quick anchor base so as to stabilize the starting point of the floating breakwater.
Further, after the floating body unit enters water, the position of the floating breakwater unit is adjusted by using two auxiliary tugboats in a jacking mode to enable the floating breakwater unit to reach a preset installation coordinate, and finally the length of the quick connection rope is adjusted according to actual conditions.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention provides a system and a method for quickly erecting an ultra-long modular floating breakwater, which have the following advantages:
1. the floating breakwater unit and the anchorage block are directly placed on a deck of an installation ship, so that the link of conveying the floating body unit and the sinking block from the inside of a ship body in the traditional erection method is saved, and the conveying efficiency of large-scale components is greatly improved.
2. According to the invention, the floating breakwater units are connected end to end on the mother ship in advance, so that butt joint in severe sea conditions at sea is avoided, the installation speed is increased, and meanwhile, the risk of offshore construction operation under severe sea conditions is greatly reduced.
3. The floating breakwater unit is directly towed to the water surface by adopting a mode that the mother ship moves forwards, so that the advantage of large tonnage and high power of the mother ship is utilized, and the stability of the floating breakwater unit in the installation process is improved.
4. The invention adopts two sub-ships to discharge the anchor blocks, and synchronously installs the anchor blocks and the anchor cable systems thereof in two paths, thereby greatly improving the installation efficiency of the anchor system, avoiding the problem of the floating breakwater installation axis yawing caused by unilateral anchor installation, and greatly improving the positioning accuracy of the floating breakwater unit and the anchor system.
In summary, the system and the method for quickly erecting the ultra-long modular floating breakwater utilize simultaneous operation of a plurality of installation ships, give play to the maximum construction efficiency, have clear technical route and practical scheme, can increase the installation speed of the floating breakwater from the traditional 80 m/h to 500 m/h, and have the advantages which are incomparable with the traditional erection method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a mother ship according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the mother ship according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the boat of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the secondary ship of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a top view of a loading structure of the floating breakwater unit of the present invention on a mother vessel;
fig. 6 is a front view of a loading structure of the floating breakwater unit of the present invention on a mother vessel;
figure 7 is a top view of the structure for loading the anchorage block body on the sub-ship in the present invention;
figure 8 is a front view of the structure for loading the anchorage block on the sub-ship in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of an installation axis of the floating breakwater unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the positioning and queuing of mother and daughter ships according to the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of the floating breakwater unit of the present invention in a rapidly towed state;
fig. 12 and 13 are schematic views of the rapid positioning and erection of the starting point of the floating breakwater unit according to the present invention;
fig. 14 and 15 are schematic diagrams of rapid installation of the floating breakwater unit and the anchor system thereof according to the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the construction of a caster bracket A of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the construction of a caster bracket B of the present invention;
fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of an anchor block in the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a cable system according to the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the construction of the quick connect cord of the present invention;
fig. 21 is a schematic view of the construction of the rope regulator of the present invention;
wherein:
1. a parent vessel; 2. A mother ship deck; 3. A floating breakwater unit;
4. a quick connection rope; 5. An anchor cable system; 6. A universal wheel bracket A;
7. a child boat; 8. An anchor block; 9. A universal wheel bracket B;
10. a sub-ship deck; 11. An auxiliary tug; 12. An anchor cable;
13. a loading platform A; 14. A universal wheel; 15. A floating ball A;
16. a floating ball B; 17. A loading platform B; 18. A one-way gear;
19. a rope retracting roller; 20. An adjustment port; 21. A gear tooth buckle;
22. a spring; 23. A rope; 24. A rope adjuster;
25. a quick connector; 26. A floating ball C; 27. A female buckle;
28. pressing a spring plate; 29. A sub-buckle; 30. A female rope;
31. a sub-rope.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, and the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a mother ship 1 according to the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic front view of the mother ship 1 according to the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a child ship 7 according to the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic front view of the child ship 7 according to the present invention, fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a loading structure of a floating breakwater unit 3 according to the present invention on the mother ship 1, fig. 6 is a schematic top view of a loading structure of a floating breakwater unit 3 according to the present invention on the mother ship 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6 show an ultra-long modular floating breakwater rapid erection system comprising the mother ship 1, the child ship 7, an auxiliary tug 11, the floating breakwater, an anchor line system 5 and an anchor block 8, the floating breakwater is composed of a plurality of floating breakwater units 3, the auxiliary tug 11 according to the present invention has a self-sailing capability for surface towing means, and the power of the auxiliary tug 11 is at least 4000hp, a plurality of floating breakwater units 3 are loaded on a mother ship deck 2, the mother ship deck 2 has large area, the mother ship 1 has self-navigation capacity and can contain a certain amount of floating breakwater units 3, the mother ship deck 2 is flat and has low freeboard, no baffle or railing is arranged outside the mother ship deck 2, components on the mother ship deck 2 can directly move down water, as shown in the attached drawings 1 and 2 in the specification, the mother ship 1 is mainly used for loading the floating breakwater units, a plurality of universal wheel brackets A6 for temporarily lifting the floating breakwater units 3 are arranged on the mother ship deck 2, the floating breakwater units 3 are arranged on the universal wheel brackets A6, the head ends and the tail ends of the floating breakwater units 3 are connected with each other through quick connecting ropes 4, the floating breakwater units 3 are connected with each other, a plurality of anchorage blocks 8 are loaded on a sub-deck 10, and the sub-deck 10 has large area, the sub-ship 7 has self-navigation capacity and can contain a certain amount of anchor blocks 8, the deck of the sub-ship 7 is flat and has a low freeboard, and no baffle or railing is arranged outside the deck, as shown in the attached drawings 3 and 4 in the description, the sub-ship 7 is mainly used for loading the anchor blocks 8, a plurality of universal wheel brackets B9 used for temporarily lifting the anchor blocks 8 are arranged on the deck 10 of the sub-ship, one end of the anchor cable system 5 is connected with the floating breakwater unit 3, the other end of the anchor cable system 5 is connected with the anchor blocks 8, the floating breakwater unit 3 and the anchor blocks 8 are respectively loaded on the decks of the main ship 1 and the sub-ship 7, links for conveying floating units and sinking blocks from the inside of a ship body in the traditional process are saved, and the conveying efficiency of large-scale components is improved.
Example 2:
fig. 7 is a top view of a loading structure of an anchor block 8 on a sub-ship 7, fig. 8 is a front view of the loading structure of the anchor block 8 on the sub-ship 7, and as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the anchor block 8 of the ultra-long modular floating breakwater rapid erection system is sunk on a seabed to provide anchoring force for the floating breakwater system, and a gravity anchor or a rocket anchor is adopted and needs to have enough anchoring force, each anchor block 8 is connected with a floating ball C26 through a rope 23, and the floating ball C26 mainly has the function of displaying the underwater position of the anchor block 8 after the floating breakwater system is installed.
Example 3:
fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of a universal wheel bracket a6 in the invention, fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of a universal wheel bracket B9 in the invention, fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of an anchor block in the invention, and as shown in fig. 16, fig. 17 and fig. 18, a universal wheel 14 bracket structure of an ultra-long modular floating breakwater quick erection system comprises a universal wheel bracket a6 and a universal wheel bracket B9, a first universal wheel bracket a6 is a flat plate structure with a plurality of universal wheels 14 at the bottom, and comprises a loading platform a13 and a universal wheel 14, the universal wheels 14 can roll in 360 degrees and can be locked and unlocked according to needs, the loading platform a13 is a rectangular structure, has the same width as the bottom plate of the floating breakwater unit 3 and has an area close to the bottom plate, a floating ball a15 is connected to each universal wheel bracket a6 through a rope 23, and the floating ball a15 mainly functions to be used after the installation of the floating breakwater unit 3 is completed, the underwater position of the universal wheel bracket A6 is positioned, so that the universal wheel bracket A6 is convenient to recover; the universal wheel bracket B9 is arranged on a deck 10 of a sub-ship and used for temporarily lifting an anchor block body 8, the universal wheel bracket B9 is of a flat plate structure with a plurality of wheels at the bottom, and comprises a loading platform B17 and a universal wheel 14, and the universal wheel 14 can roll in the direction of 360 degrees and can be locked and unlocked as required; the loading platform B17 is of a square structure, has the same width as the bottom plate of the anchor block 8 and is close to the bottom plate, a floating ball B16 is connected to each universal wheel bracket B9 through a rope 23, and the floating ball B16 is mainly used for positioning the underwater position of the universal wheel bracket A6 after the floating breakwater unit 3 is installed, so that the floating wheel bracket A is convenient to recover.
Example 4:
fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of an anchor cable system 5 of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 19, the anchor cable system 5 of an ultra-long modular floating breakwater quick erection system includes an anchor cable 12 and a cable tightening mechanism composed of a cable retracting roller 19, a one-way gear 18, a gear tooth buckle 21 and an adjusting port 20, the anchor cable system 5 is used for connecting an upper floating body and a lower anchor block 8 to transmit an anchor force, the anchor cable 12 is generally made of a flexible material, has a length of about 3-5 times of a water depth, has a certain flexibility and meets a certain breaking force requirement, the cable tightening mechanism mainly functions to collect the anchor cable 12, the cable retracting roller 19, the one-way gear 18, the gear tooth buckle 21 and the adjusting port 20 are arranged on a cable tightener, a driving device is inserted into the adjusting port 20, the cable retracting roller 19 can be rotated to adjust the length of the anchor cable 12, a driving device can be a manual mechanical arm is inserted into the adjusting port 20, the cable retracting roller 19 can also be an electric device, the cable retracting roller is fixedly connected with the one-way gear 18, the one-way gear 18 is externally connected with the gear tooth buckle 21, and the spring 22 is arranged on the gear tooth buckle 21 and mainly plays a role in locking the cable retracting roller 19, so that the reverse motion cannot be caused after the cable 12 is adjusted.
Example 5:
fig. 20 is a schematic structural view of a quick connection rope 4 according to the present invention, fig. 21 is a schematic structural view of a rope adjuster 24 according to the present invention, and fig. 20 and 21 show a quick connection rope 4 in an ultra-long modular floating breakwater quick erection system, which includes a rope 23, a rope adjuster 24 and a quick connector 25, the rope adjuster 24 is installed in the middle of the rope 23, the quick connectors 25 are respectively installed at both ends of the rope 23 for quickly connecting the head and the tail of two adjacent floating breakwater units 3, the rope 23 is a flexible rope 23, and needs to have a certain flexibility and meet a certain breaking force requirement, the quick connection rope 4 can adjust its length as required, both ends of the quick connection rope 4 are respectively connected with a quick connector 25, such as a safety buckle, etc., the middle of the quick connection rope 4 is provided with a rope adjuster 24, the rope adjuster 24 includes a female buckle 27 and a sub-buckle 29, the female buckle 27 and the male buckle 29 are respectively connected with a female rope 30 and a male rope 31. the female buckle 27 is internally provided with two correspondingly arranged spring pressing sheets 28, once the female rope 30 is pulled, the spring pressing sheets 28 are loosened, and when the female rope 30 stops being pulled, the spring pressing sheets 28 can be pressed on the female rope 30 to lock the female rope 30 and prevent the female rope 30 from backing.
Example 6:
fig. 9 is a schematic view of an installation axis of a floating breakwater unit 3 according to the present invention, fig. 10 is a schematic view of positioning and queuing a mother ship 1 and a daughter ship 7 according to the present invention, fig. 11 is a schematic view of a floating breakwater unit 3 according to the present invention in a fast towing state, fig. 12 and 13 are both schematic views of fast positioning and erection of a starting point of the floating breakwater unit 3 according to the present invention, fig. 14 and 15 are schematic views of fast installation of the floating breakwater unit 3 and an anchor system thereof according to the present invention, and the erection method in the ultra-long modular floating breakwater fast erection system shown in fig. 9, fig. 10, fig. 11, fig. 12, fig. 13, fig. 14 and fig. 15 specifically includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: loading and pre-connecting floating breakwater unit 3, anchor cable system 5 and anchor block 8
The method comprises the steps of firstly, arranging floating breakwater units on a deck of a mother ship 1 in order, wherein the length direction of a floating breakwater is preferably consistent with the length direction of the ship, then, installing one end of each anchor cable system 5 at a preset position corresponding to the floating breakwater unit 3, enabling the other end to be free, connecting the arranged floating breakwater units 3 end to end by using a quick connection rope 4, and placing a universal wheel bracket A6 below each floating breakwater unit 3. After the floating breakwater units 3 are arranged and the quick connection ropes 4 are connected, all the first universal wheels 14 are locked, and the loading and the pre-connection of the floating breakwater units 3 on the mother ship 1 are completed. As shown in fig. 7, all the anchor block bodies 8 are divided into two parts, and the two parts are respectively and orderly arranged on two sub-ship decks 10, and a universal wheel bracket B9 is arranged below each anchor block body 8. After the anchor block 8 is arranged, all the second universal wheels 14 are locked, and the loading of the anchor block 8 on the sub-ship 7 is completed.
The second step is that: design of erection position and installation axis of floating breakwater
According to the wave-preventing requirement of the floating breakwater, the erection position and the installation axis of the floating breakwater are designed by combining the natural conditions of local water depth, shoreline and the like. The length of the installation axis is generally perpendicular to the main wave direction of the waves, or the included angle between the two is not less than 45 degrees. Then, the starting point, the end point and the intermediate point of the installation of the floating breakwater are determined, wherein the starting point is generally the position closest to the shore side loading of the floating breakwater unit 3, namely the side with the shortest distance to transport, and the end point is the side with the longest distance to transport. The number of intermediate points is determined by the number of floating breakwater units 3, and is generally equal to the number of floating breakwater units 3 minus 2 (i.e., N-2). Finally, the coordinates (xi, yi) of the start point, the end point, and all intermediate points are recorded, and the direction of the mounting axis is defined as the mounting axis tangential direction pointing from the start point to the end point.
The third step: positioning and queuing of installation vessels
After all the floating breakwater units 3 and the anchor block 8 are transported to the vicinity of the starting point coordinates of the installation axis, the positioning and the queuing of the installation ship are firstly carried out. As shown in fig. 10, the mother ship 1 is started, and the mother ship 1 is positioned on the installation axis by means of the positioning system, and the distance between the stern and the starting point coordinate is about 2 to 3 times the length of the floating breakwater unit 3, and the length direction of the mother ship 1 is consistent with the tangential direction of the installation axis. And starting the two sub-ships 7 to be respectively positioned at the two sides of the mother ship 1, wherein the navigation direction of the ship bow is consistent with the tangential direction of the installation axis, the distance between the two sub-ships 7 and the mother ship 1 is approximately equal and approximately equal to 1.5 times of the length of the anchor cable 12, and the connecting line of the plane central points of the two sub-ships 7 just passes through the starting point. And starting the two auxiliary tugs 11 to be arranged side by side, wherein the bow direction points to the opposite direction of the installation axis, and the distance between the stern of the tug and the stern of the mother ship 1 is about equal to 1.2 times of the length of the tow rope carried by the tug.
The fourth step: quick positioning and erection of floating breakwater starting point
And after all the installed ships are positioned and queued, quickly positioning and erecting the starting point of the floating breakwater. As shown in fig. 12, one end of the floating breakwater unit 3 arranged on the mother vessel 1 is quickly towed to the water surface using two auxiliary tugs 11. After the floating breakwater unit 3 is towed out 2-3 times the length of the floating breakwater unit, the starting point of the floating breakwater is anchored at multiple points by using the fast anchor base, so as to stabilize the starting point of the floating breakwater, as shown in fig. 12 and 13, the fast anchor base can be a plate anchor, a towing anchor or the like.
The fifth step: quick positioning installation of floating breakwater middle section
The quick erection of the middle section of the floating breakwater mainly comprises quick arrangement and installation of the floating breakwater unit 3 and quick installation of the anchorage block 8.
5-1: rapid laying and installation of floating breakwater unit 3
The floating breakwater units 3 are arranged in a 'ship-moving floating body immovable' mode, namely after the starting point of the floating breakwater is stable, the mother ship 1 is directly started to move forwards, and the floating body units arranged on the semi-submersible ship can enter water in sequence under the driving of the ship. And two auxiliary tugs 11 are used for slightly adjusting the position of the floating breakwater unit 3 in a pushing mode so as to enable the floating breakwater unit to reach a preset installation coordinate. Finally, according to the actual situation, the length of the quick connection rope 4 is adjusted, as shown in fig. 21, so that the distance between two adjacent floating breakwater units 3 meets the set requirement.
5-2: installation of anchorage system
The sub-ships 7 are arranged in the manner as shown in fig. 10, and the positions of the anchor block bodies 8 are arranged in advance on the sub-ship deck 10. After the sub-ship 7 runs to a preset position, the other end of the anchor cable 12 connected with the floating breakwater unit 3 is quickly connected with the anchor chain block by using the auxiliary tug 11, the anchor block 8 is pushed to the seabed by combining with GPS positioning, so that the installation of a plurality of anchor cables 12 and corresponding anchor block blocks can be completed simultaneously, and the installation of all anchoring systems is completed in sequence by adopting the same steps, as shown in fig. 14 and 15, the specific steps are as follows:
step 5-2-1: arranging the anchoring positions of the anchor block bodies 8 on the deck 10 of the sub-ship to enable the distance between anchors to meet the underwater distance in the actual use state;
step 5-2-2: the anchor cable 12 connected with the floating breakwater unit 3 is quickly sent to the sub-ship 7 by using an auxiliary tug, and the anchor cable 12 is sequentially connected with the corresponding anchor block body 8;
step 5-2-3: the position of the sub-ship 7 is slightly adjusted by combining a GPS positioning system, so that the anchorage block body 8 is at a preset position;
step 5-2-4: pushing the anchorage block body 8 into water in sequence to finish the positioning and installation of the anchorage;
step 5-2-5: the adjustment ports 20 of the cable system 5 are adjusted manually or electrically, as shown in fig. 19, to adjust the pretension of each cable 12 to a predetermined value.
And a sixth step: and (4) quickly positioning and erecting the floating breakwater terminal.
After all the floating breakwater units are installed, the mother ship 1 and the son ships 7 drive away from the erection sea area, the floating breakwater terminal is quickly positioned and erected, and two auxiliary tugs 11 are utilized to apply a certain dragging force to one end of the terminal of the water surface floating breakwater unit 3. And after the floating breakwater is relatively stable, performing multi-point anchoring on the terminal point of the floating breakwater by using the quick anchor base to stabilize the terminal point of the floating breakwater, wherein the quick anchor base can be a plate anchor or a drag anchor.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A quick erection system of an ultra-long modularized floating breakwater comprises a mother ship (1), a son ship (7), an auxiliary tugboat (11), a floating breakwater, an anchor cable system (5) and anchor blocks (8), wherein the floating breakwater consists of a plurality of floating breakwater units (3), the plurality of floating breakwater units (3) are loaded on a mother ship deck (2), the plurality of floating breakwater units (3) are mutually connected, the plurality of anchor blocks (8) are loaded on a son ship deck (10),
the method is characterized in that: a plurality of universal wheel brackets A (6) used for temporarily lifting floating breakwater units (3) are arranged on a mother ship deck (2), the floating breakwater units (3) are arranged on the universal wheel brackets A (6), the head ends and the tail ends of the floating breakwater units (3) are connected with one another through quick connection ropes (4), a plurality of universal wheel brackets B (9) used for temporarily lifting anchor blocks (8) are arranged on a son ship deck (10), one end of an anchor cable system (5) is connected with the floating breakwater units (3), and the other end of the anchor cable system (5) is connected with the anchor blocks (8).
2. The system and the method for quickly erecting the ultra-long modular floating breakwater according to claim 1, wherein: the anchor cable system (5) comprises an anchor cable (12) and a cable tightening mechanism consisting of a cable retracting roller (19), a one-way gear (18), a gear tooth buckle (21) and an adjusting opening (20), wherein the anchor cable (12) is wound on the cable retracting roller (19), the one-way gear (18) and the cable retracting roller (19) are fixedly connected with each other, and the cable retracting roller (19) is provided with the adjusting opening (20) for inserting a driving device.
3. The system and the method for quickly erecting the ultra-long modular floating breakwater according to claim 2, wherein: the external teeth of the one-way gear (18) are connected with a gear tooth buckle (21), a spring (22) is installed on the gear tooth buckle (21), and the spring (22) is used for locking the rope retracting roller (19).
4. The system and the method for quickly erecting the ultra-long modular floating breakwater according to claim 1, wherein: the quick connection rope (4) comprises a rope (23), a rope regulator (24) and a quick connector (25), the rope regulator (24) is installed in the middle of the rope (23), and the quick connector (25) is installed at two ends of the rope (23) respectively.
5. The system and the method for quickly erecting the ultra-long modular floating breakwater according to claim 4, wherein: rope regulator (24) are including box (27) and son knot (29), rope (23) are including female rope (30) and son rope (31), and son knot (29) and son rope (31) interconnect, and box (27) are connected on female rope (30), are provided with two spring pressing pieces (28) in the inside of box (27).
6. An erection method of an ultra-long modular floating breakwater rapid erection system based on claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, arranging floating breakwater units on a mother ship deck (2) orderly, then, installing one end of an anchor cable system (5) at a preset position corresponding to the floating breakwater units (3), enabling the other end to be free, connecting the arranged floating breakwater units (3) end to end by using a quick connection rope (4), and placing a universal wheel bracket A (6) below each floating breakwater unit (3);
step 2: after the floating breakwater units (3) are arranged and the quick connecting ropes (4) are connected, all universal wheel brackets A (6) are locked, and loading and pre-connection of the floating breakwater units (3) on the mother ship (1) are completed;
and step 3: arranging all the anchor block bodies (8) on two sub-ship decks (10) in order, and placing a universal wheel bracket B (9) below each anchor block body (8);
and 4, step 4: after the anchorage block bodies (8) are arranged, all universal wheel brackets B (9) are locked, and the anchorage block bodies (8) are loaded on the sub-ship (7);
and 5: designing the erection position and the installation axis of the floating breakwater according to the wave-breaking requirement of the floating breakwater, then determining the starting point, the end point and the middle point of the installation of the floating breakwater, recording the coordinates of the starting point, the end point and all the middle points, and defining the direction of the installation axis as the tangential direction of the installation axis pointing to the end point from the starting point;
step 6: after all the floating breakwater units (3) and the anchorage block bodies (8) are transported to the position close to the starting point coordinate of the installation axis, positioning and queuing of the installation ship are carried out;
and 7: after positioning and queuing of all installed ships are finished, quickly positioning and erecting the starting point of the floating breakwater;
and 8: carry out quick location installation to floating breakwater middle section and lay fast and install, the quick mode of laying of floating breakwater unit (3) is: after the starting point of the floating breakwater is stable, the mother ship (1) is started to move forward, and floating body units arranged on the semi-submersible ship can enter water in sequence under the driving of the ship;
and step 9: and rapidly positioning and erecting the floating breakwater terminal, and after the floating breakwater is stabilized, applying a dragging force to one end of the terminal of the water surface floating breakwater unit (3) by using two auxiliary tugs (11), and performing multi-point anchorage on the terminal of the floating breakwater by using a rapid anchor base so as to stabilize the terminal of the floating breakwater and finish the erection.
7. The system and the method for quickly erecting the ultra-long modular floating breakwater according to claim 6, wherein: and in the step 5, the length of the installation axis is perpendicular to the main wave direction of the waves or the included angle between the length of the installation axis and the main wave direction of the waves is not less than 45 degrees.
8. An erection method of an ultra-long modular floating breakwater rapid erection system according to claim 6, wherein: and 6, the distance between the stern of the mother ship (1) and the coordinate of the starting point is 2-3 times of the length of the floating breakwater unit (3), and the length direction of the mother ship (1) is consistent with the tangential direction of the installation axis.
9. An erection method of an ultra-long modular floating breakwater rapid erection system according to claim 6, wherein: in the step 7, one end of the floating breakwater unit (3) arranged on the mother ship (1) is quickly towed to the water surface by two auxiliary tow boats (11), and after the length of the floating breakwater unit (3) is towed by 2-3 times, the starting point of the floating breakwater is subjected to multi-point anchoring by using the quick anchor base so as to stabilize the starting point of the floating breakwater.
10. An erection method of an ultra-long modular floating breakwater rapid erection system according to claim 6, wherein: and (3) after the floating body unit enters water, using two auxiliary tugboats (11) to push the floating breakwater unit (3) to reach a preset installation coordinate, and finally adjusting the length of the quick connection rope (4) according to actual conditions.
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