CN114108486A - Installation and construction method of high-speed rail gate-type pier body invading existing line safety boundary - Google Patents
Installation and construction method of high-speed rail gate-type pier body invading existing line safety boundary Download PDFInfo
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- CN114108486A CN114108486A CN202111503323.9A CN202111503323A CN114108486A CN 114108486 A CN114108486 A CN 114108486A CN 202111503323 A CN202111503323 A CN 202111503323A CN 114108486 A CN114108486 A CN 114108486A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/02—Piers; Abutments ; Protecting same against drifting ice
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
- E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
- E01D2101/24—Concrete
- E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed rail door type pier construction, and discloses a high-speed rail door type pier body installation construction method invading the existing line safety boundary, which comprises the following steps: s1, template processing, wherein the templates are designed according to standard section height, and the pier body template comprises an installation template layer invading the existing line safety boundary and a self-contained template layer connected with the installation template layer; the mounting template layer comprises a one-side splicing template and three-side integral templates, the template far away from one side of the existing line is processed according to the splicing template, the splicing template is a single-side integral template formed by splicing two narrow templates and one wide template, and the rest three-side integral templates are processed according to the single-side integral template; s2, installing templates, S3, installing reinforcing steel bars, S4, sealing pier body templates, and installing reserved wide templates after the reinforcing steel bars are bound; and S5, pouring concrete. The invention has the effect of effectively shortening the construction period on the premise of not influencing the operation of other business lines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed rail door type pier construction, in particular to a high-speed rail door type pier body installation construction method invading the existing line safety boundary.
Background
At present, the railway bridge construction in China is in a rapid development stage, and the aims of saving investment, shortening construction period and ensuring safety are always the results pursued by the engineering industry by adopting advanced design and construction technology. With the development of high-speed railways, newly-built railways are inevitable in crossing original lines and are influenced by construction site environments, the design of crossing existing lines by adopting gate-type piers is more and more, and how to ensure the construction safety and quality of the gate-type piers crossing the existing lines becomes a subject of common research of all relevant units.
In view of the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventor of the present application finds that at least the following technical problems exist in the process of implementing the technical solution of the invention in the embodiment of the present application: in the prior art, when the door pier is constructed to cross the existing line, the door pier usually enters the safety limit of the existing line, the construction is organized according to business lines and the power failure of a contact network so as to shorten the construction period, but the operation of other business lines is influenced by stopping the business lines.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a high-speed rail gate-type pier body installation construction method invading the existing line safety boundary, and solves the problems that when the gate-type pier construction across the existing line is carried out in the prior art, usually the door-type pier usually invades the existing line safety boundary, construction needs to be organized according to business lines and power failure of contact networks, so that the construction period is shortened, but the operation of other business lines is influenced, and the construction period can be shortened when the operation of other business lines is not influenced.
The embodiment of the application provides a high-speed rail gate type pier body installation construction method invading the existing line safety boundary, which comprises the following steps: s1, template processing, wherein the templates are designed according to standard section height, and the pier body template comprises an installation template layer invading the existing line safety boundary and a self-contained template layer connected with the installation template layer; the whole template layer comprises four-side whole templates, and the four-side templates are processed according to a single-side whole template; the mounting template layer comprises a one-side splicing template and three-side integral templates, the template far away from one side of the existing line is processed according to the splicing template, the splicing template is a single-side integral template formed by splicing two narrow templates and one wide template, and the rest three-side integral templates are processed according to the single-side integral template; s2, installing templates, S21, assembling template layers of each layer on the ground, assembling the whole template layers on four sides in sequence, installing the template layers, installing three-side whole templates and two narrow templates far away from one side of the existing line, connecting the two narrow templates with the whole templates on two sides, and reserving a mounting operation space as a main rib, wherein the wide templates are not installed temporarily; s22, connecting the mounting template layers with the template of the previous section; s3, installing reinforcing steel bars, S31, hanging the main reinforcing steel bars to the pier tops in the skylight to be horizontally placed, and clamping the reinforcing steel bars by using a chuck; s32, installing in sections, namely connecting by adopting a straight thread sleeve, and manually installing in the pier body template in a single way; s33, after the main reinforcement is completely installed, installing the hoop reinforcement and the tie reinforcement; s4, closing the pier body template, and installing the reserved wide template after the steel bars are bound; and S5, pouring concrete, pouring the concrete into the template after the steel bars are completely installed and fixed, and removing the top pier body template after the strength of the concrete reaches the required strength.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: and S6, assembling and fixing the pier body template which is firstly removed on the ground, then installing the pier body template on the top template layer, and connecting the pier body template with the top template layer.
Further, the width dimension of the whole template is 3m, the width dimensions of the two narrow templates are 0.4m, and the width dimension of the wide template is 2.2 m.
Furthermore, the staggered distance between the joint part of the main reinforcement and the construction joint is greater than or equal to 0.5 m.
Furthermore, a plurality of back ridges which are vertically arranged are arranged on the back surfaces of the whole templates on three sides close to the existing line; the upper end of the back edge extends to the upper template layer and is attached to the upper template layer; the lower end of the back edge extends to the lower template layer and is attached to the lower template layer.
Furthermore, inclined transition surfaces are arranged at the positions, close to one side of the whole template, of the back edge and at the two ends of the back edge; the inclined direction of the transition surface faces to the corresponding template.
Further, the whole template on three sides close to the existing line is sleeved with a U-shaped frame; and each inner side wall of the U-shaped frame is respectively fixed with the three shaping templates.
Furthermore, clamping assemblies are arranged at two ends of the U-shaped frame of the installation template layer and used for clamping two sides of the wide template.
Further, the clamping assembly comprises mounting bars arranged at two ends of the U-shaped frame; one ends of the two opposite mounting bars are provided with sliding grooves; the end parts of the two sliding grooves far away from each other are provided with thread grooves; the thread groove penetrates through the end part of the mounting bar; a threaded column is connected with the inner thread of the threaded groove; a positioning block is connected in the sliding groove in a sliding manner; a connecting spring is connected between the positioning block and the groove wall of the sliding groove; a connecting rope is arranged in the connecting spring; one end of the connecting rope is fixed with the positioning block, and the other end of the connecting rope sequentially penetrates through the sliding groove and the thread groove to be fixed with the thread column.
Furthermore, the back edges of the installation template layer and the back edges of the integral installation template layer are arranged in a staggered mode.
The technical scheme provided in the embodiment of the application at least has the following technical effects or advantages:
1. due to the adoption of the structure for installing the template layer, the wide template can not be installed firstly, the narrow template is utilized, the connection with the rest three surfaces is realized, on the premise of ensuring the integral installation strength, the space of the wide template can be reserved as the space for installing and operating the main ribs, the operation of a business line is not required to be stopped, the template installation and pouring of the portal pier body can be realized, the problems that the portal pier body crosses the existing line, the portal pier usually invades into the safety boundary of the existing line, the construction needs to be organized according to the business line and the power failure of the contact network, the construction period is shortened, the operation of other business lines is influenced, and the construction period is shortened when the operation of other business lines is not influenced in the prior art are effectively solved.
2. Because demolish all the other templates except the pier shaft template of top layer earlier, so can carry out reuse to this template, be favorable to improving the utilization ratio of template, effectively solved among the prior art need adopt a large amount of templates to use when pouring the pier shaft, and then realized the effect of high-efficient reuse resource.
3. The back edge is arranged on the back of the template, so that the connecting strength between the adjacent templates arranged along the height direction is improved, the supporting effect on the upper template and the lower template is improved, the back edge can also be used as a guide piece, the upper template is conveniently installed, and the installation efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of each template layer in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a clamping assembly in an embodiment of the present application;
in the figure: 1. installing a template layer; 11. splicing the templates; 111. a narrow template; 112. a wide template; 2. packaging the template layer; 21. a template is prepared; 22. back corrugation; 3. a U-shaped frame; 4. a clamping assembly; 41. mounting a bar; 42. a chute; 43. positioning blocks; 44. a connecting spring; 45. a thread groove; 46. a threaded post; 47. connecting ropes; 48. and fixing the grooves.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the application discloses and provides a high-speed rail gate type pier body installation construction method invading the existing line safety boundary, by arranging the installation template layer 1, the connection of the other templates of the whole template layer can be realized through the two narrow templates 111 without influencing the whole installation strength, the wide template 112 positioned between the two narrow templates 111 is not installed firstly, so that a reserved main rib installation operation space is formed between the two narrow formworks 111, and by the method of reserving the holes, the main reinforcement can be installed without the limitation of business lines and can be operated for 24 hours, thereby effectively solving the problems that when the prior art is used for constructing the gate pier crossing the existing line, usually, the construction needs to be organized according to business lines and contact network blackouts to shorten the construction period when the device invades the safety limit of the existing lines, but the construction period can be shortened when the operation of other business lines is not influenced.
In order to better understand the technical solution, the technical solution will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a construction method for installing a high-speed rail gate-type pier body intruding into an existing line safety boundary mainly relates to a construction method for a gate-type pier body intruding into an existing line safety boundary in the embodiment of the application, and specifically comprises the following six steps.
And S1, processing the template, namely processing the pier body template according to the structure of the portal pier body to be constructed.
The pier shaft template comprises an installation template layer 1 and a self-contained template layer 2, wherein the installation template layer 1 is positioned at a position invading the existing line safety boundary and fixedly connected with a poured top layer template, and the self-contained template layer 2 is arranged above the installation template layer 1.
The integral template layer 2 comprises four-side template 21, and the four-side template is processed according to a single-side whole template.
Installation template layer 1 includes one side concatenation template 11 and trilateral whole template 21, and the template of keeping away from existing line one side is processed according to concatenation template 11, and concatenation template 11 is by the single face monoblock template that two narrow templates 111 and a wide template 112 concatenation formed, and remaining trilateral monoblock template is processed according to single face monoblock template.
All types of templates are designed according to the standard pitch height of 2m, the width dimension of the whole template 21 is 3m, the width dimensions of the two narrow templates 111 are 0.4m, and the width dimension of the wide template 112 is 2.2 m.
The back of the three-sided whole template 21 that is close to existing line all has the stupefied 22 of a plurality of vertical settings of back of the body through screw fixed mounting, and the stupefied 22 quantity of the back of the body on every whole template 21 is three, and the upper end of the stupefied 22 of the back of the body extends to upper template layer department and laminates with upper template layer, and the lower extreme of the stupefied 22 of the back of the body extends to lower floor's template layer department and laminates with lower floor's template layer. The back edges 22 of the mounting template layer 1 and the back edges 22 of the self-contained template layer 2 are arranged in a staggered mode. The back arris 22 is provided with inclined transition surfaces at positions close to one side of the whole template 21 and at two ends, and the inclined direction of the transition surfaces faces the whole template 21 corresponding to the transition surfaces.
The U-shaped frame 3 is sleeved on the three-surface whole formwork 21 close to the existing line, each inner side wall of the U-shaped frame 3 is fixed with the three-surface whole formwork 21 respectively, a clamping groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the U-shaped frame 3, of the back arris 22, and the back arris 22 and the U-shaped frame 3 are further reinforced through screws. Clamping unit 4 is installed at 3 both ends of U-shaped frame that are located installation template layer 1, clamping unit 4 includes two relative mounting bars 41 that set up, spout 42 has been seted up to two mounting bars 41 one end in opposite directions, sliding connection has locating piece 43 in the spout 42, fixedly connected with connecting spring 44 between locating piece 43 and the cell wall of spout 42, thread groove 45 has been seted up to the tip that two spout 42 kept away from mutually, thread groove 45 runs through in the tip of mounting bar 41, the groove width of spout 42 is greater than the diameter of thread groove 45. Threaded groove 45 threaded connection has threaded post 46, threaded post 46 has seted up fixed slot 48 near the tip of spout 42, fixed slot 48 sets up along threaded post 46's length direction, be provided with in the coupling spring 44 and connect rope 47, the length direction of connecting rope 47 is unanimous with coupling spring 44's length direction, and the length of connecting rope 47 is greater than the length that coupling spring 44 expandes, the one end of connecting rope 47 is fixed with locating piece 43, the other end of connecting rope 47 passes spout 42 in proper order, threaded groove 45 and fixed slot 48 and fixed with threaded post 46.
And S2, template installation, wherein the self-assembled template layer 2 and the installation template layer 1 are installed and fixed.
S21, coating a special release agent on the surfaces of the templates, firstly assembling template layers on each layer on the ground, sequentially assembling the four-side integral templates 21 on the integral template layers 2, connecting and fixing the adjacent integral templates 21 through bolts, firstly installing the three-side integral templates 21 and two narrow templates 111 far away from one side of an existing line on the installation template layer 1, respectively fixedly connecting the two narrow templates 111 with the integral templates 21 on the two sides through bolts, and temporarily not installing the wide template 112 positioned between the two narrow templates 111 to reserve an installation operation space as a main rib. And, unscrew threaded column 46 to the position that thread groove 45 is kept away from spout 42 for connecting rope 47 is taut, compresses connecting spring 44, makes one side of locating piece 43 and the tip of mounting bar 41 support tightly, and two locating piece 43 one side that is relative aligns with two narrow templates 111 one side that is relative, can be favorable to providing bigger space installation reinforcing bar.
S22, connecting the installation template layer 1 to the top of the previous cast template, facing the side where the narrow template 111 is installed away from the existing line, and installing the complete template layer 2 above the installation template layer 1, so that each complete template 21 of the complete template layer 2 is fixed to the corresponding template of the installation template layer 1.
And S3, installing the reinforcing steel bars, and after the pier body formwork is installed, installing and fixing the reinforcing steel bars, so that the strength in the poured concrete is improved conveniently.
S31, hanging the main reinforcement to the pier top horizontally in the skylight, clamping the reinforcement by using the chuck, effectively preventing the reinforcement from rolling, and placing the reinforcement in the installed pier body template from the reserved operation space.
And S32, installing in sections, namely connecting by adopting a straight-thread sleeve, manually installing in the pier body template by one single thread, and enabling the staggered distance between the main rib connecting joint part and the construction joint to be larger than or equal to 0.5 m. Because the operation space is reserved on the side far away from the existing line, uninterrupted operation can be performed by workers for 24 hours, and the construction period is effectively shortened.
And S33, after the main reinforcement is completely installed, installing the hoop reinforcement and the tie reinforcement, and re-reinforcing the connecting point.
S4, pier shaft template is sealed, after the reinforcement is finished, install reserved wide template 112 again, screw thread post 46 of every layer of template layer, make screw thread post 46 revolve the position that is close to spout 42 in the thread groove 45, make 47 tip of being connected rope 47 that are connected with screw thread post 46 be close to spout 42, and then under connecting spring 44' S effect, make the interval between two locating pieces 43 reduce, press from both sides wide template 112 tightly, conveniently install wide template 112 fixedly, the junction between wide template 112 and the narrow template 111 is consolidated again at last and is sealed.
And S5, pouring concrete, pouring the concrete into the templates after all the steel bars are installed and fixed, removing the pier body templates positioned at the lower layer until the strength of the concrete reaches the required strength, and keeping the pier body templates positioned at the topmost layer, so that when the pier bodies are conveniently extended, the rest templates are continuously installed.
S6, the pier body template which is firstly removed is well assembled and fixed on the ground, then is installed on the template layer on the top layer and is connected with the template layer on the top layer, the used pier body template can be recycled, and the repeated utilization rate of the template is improved.
The working principle of the embodiment of the application is as follows: the installation template layer 1 is arranged, the connection of the rest templates of the whole template layer can be realized through the two narrow templates 111, the wide template 112 positioned between the two narrow templates 111 is not installed firstly, and a reserved main rib installation operation space is formed between the two narrow templates 111.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution and its concept of the present application within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A high-speed rail gate type pier body installation construction method invading the existing line safety boundary is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, template processing, wherein the templates are designed according to standard section height, and the pier body template comprises an installation template layer (1) invading the existing line safety boundary and a self-contained template layer (2) connected with the installation template layer (1);
the integral template layer (2) comprises four-side integral templates (21), and the four-side templates are processed according to a single-side integral template;
the installation template layer (1) comprises a one-side splicing template (11) and three-side integral templates (21), the template far away from one side of the existing line is processed according to the splicing template (11), the splicing template (11) is a single-side integral template formed by splicing two narrow templates (111) and one wide template (112), and the rest three-side integral templates are processed according to the single-side integral template;
s2, template installation
S21, assembling template layers of each layer on the ground, sequentially assembling four whole templates (21) by integrally assembling the template layers (2), firstly installing three whole templates (21) and two narrow templates (111) far away from one side of an existing line on the installation template layer (1), connecting the two narrow templates (111) with the whole templates (21) on two sides, and reserving a wide template (112) as a main rib installation operation space when the wide template (112) is not installed;
s22, connecting the mounting template layers (1) with the template of the previous section;
s3, installing reinforcing steel bars
S31, hanging the main reinforcement to the pier top in the skylight and horizontally placing, and clamping the reinforcement by using a chuck;
s32, installing in sections, namely connecting by adopting a straight thread sleeve, and manually installing in the pier body template in a single way;
s33, after the main reinforcement is completely installed, installing the hoop reinforcement and the tie reinforcement;
s4, closing the pier body template, and installing a reserved wide template (112) after the steel bars are bound;
and S5, pouring concrete, pouring the concrete into the templates after the steel bars are completely installed and fixed, and removing the templates except the top pier body template until the strength of the concrete reaches the required strength.
2. The method for installing and constructing the pier body of the high-speed rail gate-type pier invading the existing line safety boundary, according to claim 1, is characterized by further comprising the following steps:
and S6, assembling and fixing the pier body template which is firstly removed on the ground, then installing the pier body template on the top template layer, and connecting the pier body template with the top template layer.
3. The method for installing and constructing the pier body of the high-speed rail gate-type pier invading the existing line safety margin according to claim 1, wherein the width dimension of the whole formwork (21) is 3m, the width dimension of the two narrow formworks (111) is 0.4m, and the width dimension of the wide formwork (112) is 2.2 m.
4. The method for installing and constructing the pier body of the high-speed rail gate-type pier invading the existing line safety boundary, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance of the joint part of the main reinforcement and the construction joint is staggered by more than or equal to 0.5 m.
5. The method for installing and constructing the pier body of the high-speed rail gate-type pier invading the existing line safety margin according to the claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of vertically arranged back ridges (22) are arranged on the back of the whole formwork (21) close to the three sides of the existing line; the upper end of the back edge (22) extends to the upper template layer and is jointed with the upper template layer; the lower end of the back edge (22) extends to the lower template layer and is attached to the lower template layer.
6. The method for installing and constructing the pier body of the high-speed rail gate-type pier invading the existing line safety boundary, according to the claim 5, is characterized in that the back edge (22) is provided with inclined transition surfaces at the positions close to one side and two ends of the whole formwork (21); the transition surface is inclined towards the corresponding template (21).
7. The method for installing and constructing the pier body of the high-speed rail gate-type pier invading the existing line safety margin according to the claim 5, characterized in that the U-shaped frame (3) is sleeved on three faces of the whole template (21) close to the existing line; and each inner side wall of the U-shaped frame (3) is respectively fixed with three surfaces of the whole template (21).
8. The method for installing and constructing the pier body of the high-speed rail gate-type pier invading the existing line safety boundary according to the claim 7, characterized in that the clamping components (4) are arranged at the two ends of the U-shaped frame (3) of the installation template layer (1) and used for clamping the two sides of the wide template (112).
9. The method for installing and constructing the pier body of the high-speed rail gate-type pier invading the existing line safety boundary of claim 8, wherein the clamping assembly (4) comprises installation bars (41) arranged at both ends of the U-shaped frame (3);
one opposite end of each of the two mounting bars (41) is provided with a sliding groove (42); the end parts of the two sliding grooves (42) far away from each other are provided with thread grooves (45); the thread groove (45) penetrates through the end part of the mounting bar (41);
a threaded column (46) is connected with the inner thread of the threaded groove (45); a positioning block (43) is connected in the sliding groove (42) in a sliding manner; a connecting spring (44) is connected between the positioning block (43) and the groove wall of the sliding groove (42);
a connecting rope (47) is arranged in the connecting spring (44); one end of the connecting rope (47) is fixed with the positioning block (43), and the other end of the connecting rope (47) sequentially penetrates through the sliding groove (42) and the thread groove (45) to be fixed with the thread column (46).
10. The method for installing and constructing the pier body of the high-speed rail gate-type pier invading the existing line safety boundary according to the claim 5, characterized in that the back edges (22) of the installation template layer (1) and the back edges (22) of the self-contained template layer (2) are arranged in a staggered way.
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| CN202111503323.9A CN114108486B (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | High-speed railway gate pier body installation construction method for invading existing line safety boundary |
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| CN202111503323.9A CN114108486B (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | High-speed railway gate pier body installation construction method for invading existing line safety boundary |
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| CN211229512U (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2020-08-11 | 浙江圣奥家具制造有限公司 | Formwork and formwork base body for pouring clear water concrete column |
| CN215052214U (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-12-07 | 北京城建华晟交通建设有限公司 | Concrete protective layer thickness control device for bridge |
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| JPH1096210A (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1998-04-14 | Fujita Corp | Construction method of pier overhang |
| JPH10183534A (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-14 | Japan Zaipetsukusu Kk | Reinforcing method for concrete bridge pier/support and floor board |
| KR20030013101A (en) * | 2001-08-07 | 2003-02-14 | 선암산업개발주식회사 | Pannel for Repair and Reinforcement Method of Pier and Utilize Pannel Repair and Reinforcement Method |
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| CN114108486B (en) | 2023-10-03 |
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Address after: Zhang wa Lu Yaohai District of Hefei City, Anhui Province, No. 106 230041 Applicant after: CHINA TIESIJU CIVIL ENGINEERING GROUP Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: THE FOURTH ENGINEERING CO., LTD. OF CTCE Group Address before: Zhang wa Lu Yaohai District of Hefei City, Anhui Province, No. 106 230041 Applicant before: THE FOURTH ENGINEERING CO., LTD. OF CTCE Group Applicant before: CHINA TIESIJU CIVIL ENGINEERING GROUP Co.,Ltd. |
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Correction item: Applicant|Address|Applicant Correct: CHINA TIESIJU CIVIL ENGINEERING GROUP Co.,Ltd.|Wangjiang Road in Baohe District of Hefei city of Anhui Province, No. 96 230023|THE FOURTH ENGINEERING CO., LTD. OF CTCE Group False: CHINA TIESIJU CIVIL ENGINEERING GROUP Co.,Ltd.|Zhang wa Lu Yaohai District of Hefei City, Anhui Province, No. 106 230041|THE FOURTH ENGINEERING CO., LTD. OF CTCE Group Number: 28-02 Volume: 39 |
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