CN114107757A - Cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal casting and processing technology thereof - Google Patents

Cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal casting and processing technology thereof Download PDF

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CN114107757A
CN114107757A CN202210078219.8A CN202210078219A CN114107757A CN 114107757 A CN114107757 A CN 114107757A CN 202210078219 A CN202210078219 A CN 202210078219A CN 114107757 A CN114107757 A CN 114107757A
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aluminum alloy
die
carrying
ultrasonic
melt
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CN114107757B (en
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张麟雄
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Jiangsu Ruizhen Die Casting Co ltd
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Jiangsu Ruizhen Die Casting Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent

Abstract

The invention provides a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings and a processing technology thereof, and the comprehensive performance of the cast aluminum alloy is improved by limiting the element composition and the content in the aluminum alloy and matching with the optimized design of the processing technology; the elemental composition and content in the aluminum alloy are defined as follows: zn and Cu are less than or equal to 2Mg, Er, Sr, Y and Yb are less than or equal to 0.7 percent, and the mass ratio of Mn to Fe is 1.1-1.3; the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is greatly improved by utilizing the synergistic effect of Er, Sr, Y and Yb elements; in the process, high-temperature intermittent ultrasonic treatment is utilized to enable the second phase particles to be distributed more uniformly and dispersed, and the uniform annealing is carried out to eliminate the segregation in the crystal; carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy to eliminate lattice distortion; after arc oxidation is carried out on the formed aluminum alloy, hole sealing is carried out by using hole sealing liquid obtained by compounding potassium fluozirconate, basic chromic sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, compared with the existing hole sealing by boiling water, the hole sealing has the advantages of short consumed time, low hole sealing temperature and effective improvement of the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy under the condition of low energy consumption.

Description

Cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal casting and processing technology thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining of mechanical parts, in particular to a cast aluminum alloy for an automobile metal casting and a machining process thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy and the processing material have the excellent characteristics of wear resistance, heat conduction, corrosion resistance, small density, good elasticity, high specific strength and specific stiffness, excellent shock resistance, easy surface coloring, good processing formability, high recycling and regeneration performance and the like; because the weight of the automobile can be greatly reduced, aluminum alloy is increasingly used as a light material for manufacturing automobile parts;
the application of aluminum alloy in the automobile field is mainly casting of engine components and hubs, and the aluminum alloy is classified according to processing methods and is divided into two categories, namely deformed aluminum alloy and cast aluminum alloy; most parts used on automobiles are cast aluminum alloys; in casting aluminum alloy, die casting is a casting method in which molten alloy liquid is solidified under the action of pressure to form a casting;
in the prior art, the defects of segregation in the grain, coarse grains and the like are generated in the casting and rolling process; the defects easily cause the reduction of the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy, so that the processed products of the aluminum alloy become waste products due to the generation of cracks, extrusion dark lines, granular burrs and the like, and the rate of finished products is reduced;
therefore, the mechanical properties and surface effects of the aluminum alloy depend on the components of the aluminum alloy and the parameters of the processing technology; the method for improving the processing technology of the aluminum alloy and adding elements into the aluminum alloy is an effective method for improving the quality of the aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings and a processing technology thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following components in percentage: 0.5 to 1.5 percent of Si, 2 to 2.5 percent of Mg, 2 to 3 percent of Cu, 0.25 to 0.65 percent of Mn, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Fe, 0.08 percent of Y, 0.4 to 0.9 percent of Zn, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Yb, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Er, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not more than 0.3 percent, and the balance of Al.
Further, the following limitations exist in the content of each component in the aluminum alloy according to percentage: zn and Cu is less than or equal to 2Mg, Er, Sr, Y and Yb are less than or equal to 0.7 percent, and the mass ratio of Mn to Fe is 1.1-1.3.
Further, the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage: 1% of Si, 2.3% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 0.42% of Mn, 0.35% of Fe, 0.08% of Y, 0.6% of Zn, 0.2% of Yb, 0.2% of Er, 0.22% of Sr and 0.1% of Ti, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements is not more than 0.3%, and the balance of Al.
According to the invention, Cu element is added into the alloy, so that the effect of baking finish hardening is achieved; the appearance and the size of alpha-Al, an iron phase and a eutectic silicon phase in the microstructure influence the performance of the aluminum alloy; in the casting performance of the aluminum alloy, the fluidity and the hot cracking performance are very important, the content of each element in the aluminum alloy is regulated and controlled through reasonable component design, the aluminum alloy with the mass ratio of Zn + Cu being less than or equal to 2Mg, Er + Sr + Y + Yb being less than or equal to 0.7%, Mn and Fe being 1.1-1.3 and Y being 0.08% is prepared, and the aluminum alloy is obviously different from the traditional aluminum alloy in components;
because the invention limits Zn + Cu to be less than or equal to 2Mg, T-Mg exists in the aluminum alloy32（Al,Zn,Cu）49After homogenizing annealing, fully exerting T-phase precipitation strengthening effect and deformation hardening through solid solution two-stage aging treatment, and improving the strength of the aluminum alloy;
the content of Er, Sr, Y and Yb is less than or equal to 0.7 percent, and when the addition amount of Er, Sr, Y and Yb is 0.7 percent, the effect is best and the stress is minimum; when the addition amount is too much, the rare earth compound generated in the aluminum alloy is in a fine granular shape, and is in a long needle shape and a block shape with larger size at the partial aggregation position of individual rare earth; er, Sr, Y and Yb can refine the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy and increase the fluidity; the fluidity of the aluminum alloy is reduced when excessive misch metal is added; therefore, the addition amounts of Er, Sr, Y and Yb need to be controlled, so that the Er, Sr, Y and Yb synergistically improve the eutectic silicon form of the aluminum alloy, refine the grain size of the alpha-Al and simultaneously improve the hot cracking resistance; in which Yb and Er elements generate Al in aluminium alloy3Yb、Al3Er, as the core of alpha-Al heterogeneous nucleation in the solidification process, and beta Si and Mg2Si and the like form a multi-component phase, the supercooling degree during solidification is improved, a synergistic effect is achieved on refining dendritic crystal cell structures, and the thermal stability of the aluminum alloy is improved;
in the present invention, Y is defined as 0.08%, and after heat treatmentThe tensile strength and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy are obviously improved; the eutectic reaction temperature (Liquid → α Al + β Si) is higher than when no Y is added; mg (magnesium)2Si phase precipitation can be dispersed in an alpha-Al matrix, and nano Al3Y particles are precipitated and attached to the surface of the Si phase; after aging treatment, the flaky Si is distributed on the alpha-Al matrix, and the blocky, granular or punctate Si/Mg is irregularly and discretely distributed among alpha-Al crystal grains2A Si phase; Si/Mg in the form of dots or particles2The Si strengthening phase improves the toughness and plasticity of the aluminum alloy;
the form of iron generally appears as a needle-shaped compound in the aluminum alloy, which can deteriorate the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy, the mass ratio of Mn to Fe is limited to 1.1-1.3, the content of iron in the aluminum alloy is less than 0.5 percent, and the harmful effect of iron is neutralized, so that the iron does not appear in a needle shape, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved;
further, the processing technology of the cast aluminum alloy for the automobile metal casting comprises the following steps:
s1: preheating a crucible to 400-;
s2: immersing an ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the position 15-20mm of the liquid level of the melt for ultrasonic treatment; the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.2-1.6KHz, the ultrasonic time is 10-20min, each ultrasonic time is 75-80s, and the ultrasonic interval time is 70-75 s;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, reducing the temperature of the melt to 680-DEG C and 700 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 6-15min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 735-DEG C and 755 ℃, adding a modifier, a silicon-aluminum alloy, a manganese-aluminum alloy and an erbium-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming the slag again after the components are qualified; standing and cooling to 680-700 ℃;
the nitrogen pressure is 0.3-0.4Mpa, and the ventilation time is 6-10 min; the alterant is Al-10Sr alterant;
according to the invention, with the increase of the addition of the Al-10Sr alterant, the appearance of the eutectic silicon is changed from flaky and long rod shape into granular and worm shape, and the grain size of the alpha-Al is increased after being reduced; when the mass fraction of Sr is 0.22%, the Al-10Sr alterant can improve the nucleation rate to the maximum extent, refine the alpha-Al grain size and change the appearance of eutectic silicon, so that the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy is improved;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at the temperature of 250-260 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part; the casting speed is 25-35 mm/min; the cold rolling temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the cold rolling time is 2-4 h;
the pouring temperature is limited to 250-260 ℃, because when the temperature is too high, the solidification time can be prolonged due to release of a large amount of latent heat of crystallization, the size of the obtained crystal grains is larger, and when the temperature is too low, alpha-Al is generated in the early stage to cause the crystal grains to grow;
s5: the aluminum alloy formed part is subjected to heat preservation for 18h at 535-542 ℃, and is taken out and then air-cooled to obtain annealed aluminum alloy;
in the prior art, rapid cooling is mostly used, so that Mn cannot be precipitated and separated out in time, serious intragranular segregation is generated, the Mn content near a grain boundary is higher than that in the interior of a crystal grain, the crystal grain is in a supersaturated state in a solid solution, and primary crystals (Mn, Fe) A1 can be generated6An intermetallic compound; in the invention, the aluminum alloy is subjected to homogenizing annealing for 18h, so that Mn atoms are fully diffused, and most of beta-phase (primary crystal (Mn, Fe) A1 in the aluminum alloy6Intermetallic compounds) are dissolved in alpha-Al in a solid state to eliminate the segregation in the crystal; therefore, the annealing temperature is set to 535-542 ℃, the intragranular segregation generated by the aluminum alloy under the casting-rolling non-equilibrium crystallization condition is effectively improved, the performance tends to be uniform and stable, and the ductility and the bendability of the aluminum alloy are improved;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h;
in the invention, solid solution two-stage aging treatment is adopted, so that a second phase in the aluminum alloy can be redissolved in the main solid solution process, and a strengthening phase is precipitated in a certain desolventizing sequence in the subsequent aging process, so that the plasticity of the aluminum alloy can be further improved; in addition, a large amount of supersaturated solid solutions are usually generated in the existing solid solution aging treatment, so that the degree of lattice distortion is increased, therefore, the invention selects two-stage aging temperature, reduces the solid solubility of aluminum alloy elements in alpha-Al, and precipitates the aluminum alloy elements, thereby weakening the lattice distortion caused by the solid solutions;
s7: soaking the treated aluminum alloy in a sodium hydroxide solution at 50-60 ℃, taking out, washing with deionized water, soaking in a nitric acid solution, taking out, and washing with deionized water; carrying out anodic oxidation for 40-50 min;
s8: and (3) putting the oxidized aluminum alloy into hole sealing liquid for hole sealing treatment to obtain the cast aluminum alloy for the automobile metal casting.
Further, in the step S8, the hole sealing liquid is composed of potassium fluorozirconate, basic chromium sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, the temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the hole sealing time is 8-10 min.
Further, the mass concentration of acetic acid is 0.6-0.8g/L, the mass concentration of tartaric acid is 0.32g/L, and the mass concentration ratio of potassium fluozirconate to basic chromium sulfate is 10: 3.
Micro-nano-scale micropores and pits are densely distributed on the surface of the oxide film without the holes, and corrosive substances can enter the oxide film through the micropores and the pits, so that the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is reduced; the existing process uses more holes for sealing holes by boiling water, but the surface is easy to be uneven after sealing holes;
the hole sealing liquid prepared by potassium fluozirconate, basic chromium sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid is superior to the existing hole sealing by boiling water; compared with the existing hole sealing process, the hole sealing process has the advantages of short hole sealing time, low hole sealing temperature and reduced energy consumption;
potassium fluozirconate, basic chromium sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid are reacted with alumina to generate a product which has the effect of plugging micropores in an oxide film micropore, and the alumina can also generate hydration reaction to generate boehmite hydrated alumina; therefore, the oxide film of the hole sealing is more smooth and compact, and the product structure generated in the hole sealing process is more compact.
According to the invention, the die-casting temperature and the content of element components in the aluminum alloy are limited, the size of alpha-Al crystal grains is reduced, the appearance of the eutectic silicon phase is in a rod shape and a fiber shape with smaller size, and the iron phase in the alloy is mainly represented as blocky alpha-AlFeMnSi and globular alpha-AlFeMnSi, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved, and the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is greatly improved;
further, the solution flow rate is 0.3-0.5m/S and the casting pressure is 55-60MPa at the beginning of the pressure casting process in step S4; the filling rate is 25%, the solution flow rate is 0.8-0.9m/s, and the casting pressure is 60-65 MPa; the mold filling rate is 50%, the flow rate of the solution is increased to 1.2-1.3m/s, and the casting pressure is 65-70 MPa; when the mold filling rate is 75%, the flow rate of the aluminum alloy melt is increased to 1.5-1.6m/s, the casting pressure is 70-75MPa, and the mold filling and die casting are finished.
The invention carries out design modification on water cooling, and the low-pressure casting easily causes the defects of shrinkage porosity, shrinkage cavity and the like of a casting, so that the water cooling mode on the side mold adopts the cooling mode of manufacturing the cooling insert at the position of a hot node for cooling, and the part of the connecting part of the spoke and the rim is cooled, so that the spoke and rim are uniformly and quickly cooled without cooling dead angles, the casting efficiency of a product is improved, and the casting defects of shrinkage porosity, shrinkage cavity and the like are overcome.
Further, a graphene oxide modified refiner is added in step S3 to make the content of Ti in the aluminum alloy 0.1%;
the preparation method of the graphene oxide modified refiner comprises the following steps: adding an aluminum block into the crucible, heating and melting, and then preserving heat for 20-30min at the temperature of 720-730 ℃; wrapping nano potassium fluoborate, nano potassium fluotitanate, graphite powder and graphene oxide quantum dots with aluminum foil, and pressing the nano potassium fluotitanate, graphite powder and graphene oxide quantum dots into the Al melt by using a bell jar; and (3) putting the ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the Al melt, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-20min at a position 12-14cm away from the liquid level of the Al melt.
A great amount of TiAl is uniformly distributed in the refiner modified by the graphene oxide3、TiB2TiC, etc., wherein the crystal lattice matching relationship of TiC and alpha-Al phase is very good, so that the TiC is fineThe adding of the agent can generate better refining effect on the aluminum alloy in a short time; and a small amount of B element is doped in TiC to generate TiBXCYThe stability is good; can provide more effective nucleation substrates for alpha-Al heterogeneous nucleation, and can refine crystal grains and improve crystal structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings and a processing technology thereof, which improves the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy by limiting the element composition and content in the aluminum alloy and matching with the processing technology of optimized design to homogenize all components in the aluminum alloy, spheroidize eutectic silicon, refine the eutectic silicon and the like, and comprises the following components in percentage: 0.5-1.5% of Si, 2-2.5% of Mg, 2-3% of Cu, 0.25-0.65% of Mn, 0.2-0.5% of Fe, 0.08% of Y, 0.4-0.9% of Zn, 0.1-0.3% of Yb, 0.1-0.25% of Er, 0.1-0.3% of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not exceeding 0.3%, and the balance of Al; the following limitations exist in the content of each component in the aluminum alloy: zn and Cu are less than or equal to 2Mg, Er, Sr, Y and Yb are less than or equal to 0.7 percent; the mass ratio of Mn to Fe is 1.1-1.3;
er, Sr, Y and Yb synergistically improve the eutectic silicon form of the aluminum alloy, refine the alpha-Al grain size and improve the heat cracking resistance of the aluminum alloy; in the examples, when the data of tensile strength and elongation of example 2 is compared with those of comparative examples 1-9, the synergistic effect of Er, Sr, Y and Yb can be found, which indicates that the Er, Sr, Y and Yb elements generate corresponding synergistic effect at the content defined by the invention, and all the components are not enough in improving the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy;
in the process, high-temperature intermittent ultrasonic treatment is utilized, ultrasonic cavitation and acoustic flow stirring can generate a dispersion effect in a melt, so that the sedimentation and agglomeration of second-phase particles are reduced, and the second-phase particles are distributed more uniformly and dispersedly; carrying out homogenization annealing to eliminate the intragranular segregation; carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy to eliminate lattice distortion; after the formed aluminum alloy is subjected to arc oxidation, hole sealing is carried out by using hole sealing liquid obtained by compounding potassium fluozirconate, basic chromium sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, compared with the existing hole sealing process, the hole sealing process has the advantages of short hole sealing time, low hole sealing temperature, energy consumption reduction and effective improvement of the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that if directional indications such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … … are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain a specific posture, such as a relative positional relationship between components, a motion situation, and the like, and if the specific posture changes, the directional indications also change accordingly. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to specific examples, which should be understood that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following components in percentage: 0.5% of Si, 2% of Mg, 2% of Cu, 0.25% of Mn, 0.2% of Fe, 0.08% of Y, 0.4% of Zn, 0.1% of Yb, 0.1% of Er, 0.1% of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not exceeding 0.3%, and the balance of Al;
a processing technology of a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following steps:
s1: preheating a crucible to 400 ℃, putting an aluminum block, heating to 730 ℃, deslagging and degassing, stirring and keeping the temperature for 60min, crushing yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy, ball-milling the crushed yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy into powder, wrapping the powder in an aluminum foil, pressing the powder into a melt by using a bell jar, and stirring a graphite rod to discharge gas;
s2: immersing the preheated ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the 15mm position of the liquid level of the melt for ultrasonic treatment; the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.2KHz, the ultrasonic time is 20min, the ultrasonic time is 75s each time, and the ultrasonic interval time is 70 s;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, cooling the melt to 680 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 15min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 735 ℃, adding an Al-10Sr alterant, a silicon-aluminum alloy, a manganese-aluminum alloy and an erbium-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming the slag again after the components are qualified; standing and cooling to 680 ℃; the nitrogen pressure is 0.3Mpa, and the ventilation time is 10 min;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at 250 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part; the casting speed is 25 mm/min; the cold rolling temperature is 60 ℃, and the cold rolling time is 4 h;
s5: keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy formed part at 535 ℃ for 18h, taking out the aluminum alloy formed part, and then air-cooling to obtain annealed aluminum alloy;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h;
s7: soaking in sodium hydroxide solution at 50 deg.C, taking out, washing with deionized water, soaking in nitric acid solution, taking out, and washing with deionized water; carrying out anodic oxidation for 40 min;
s8: placing the oxidized aluminum alloy into hole sealing liquid for hole sealing treatment to obtain a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings;
the hole sealing liquid is composed of potassium fluozirconate, basic chromic sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, the temperature is 20 ℃, and the hole sealing time is 10 min; the mass concentration of acetic acid is 0.6g/L, the mass concentration of tartaric acid is 0.32g/L, and the mass concentration ratio of potassium fluorozirconate to basic chromium sulfate is 10: 3.
Example 2
A cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following components in percentage: 1% of Si, 2.3% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 0.42% of Mn, 0.35% of Fe, 0.08% of Y, 0.6% of Zn, 0.2% of Yb, 0.2% of Er, 0.22% of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not exceeding 0.3%, and the balance of Al;
a processing technology of a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following steps:
s1: preheating a crucible to 405 ℃, putting an aluminum block, heating to 745 ℃, deslagging and degassing, stirring and keeping the temperature for 50min, crushing yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy, ball-milling the crushed yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy into powder, wrapping the powder in an aluminum foil, pressing the powder into a melt by using a bell jar, and stirring a graphite rod to discharge gas;
s2: immersing the preheated ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the melt liquid level for ultrasonic treatment at 16 mm; the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.4KHz, the ultrasonic time is 15min, the ultrasonic time is 78s each time, and the ultrasonic interval time is 72 s;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, cooling the melt to 690 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 10min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 740 ℃, adding an Al-10Sr alterant, a silicon-aluminum alloy, a manganese-aluminum alloy and an erbium-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming the slag again after the aluminum alloy melt is qualified; standing and cooling to 690 ℃; the nitrogen pressure is 0.35Mpa, and the ventilation time is 8 min;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at 255 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part; the casting speed is 30 mm/min; the cold rolling temperature is 70 ℃, and the cold rolling time is 3 h;
s5: keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy formed part at 540 ℃ for 18h, taking out the aluminum alloy formed part, and then air-cooling to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h;
s7: soaking in sodium hydroxide solution at 55 deg.C, taking out, washing with deionized water, soaking in nitric acid solution, taking out, and washing with deionized water; carrying out anodic oxidation for 45 min;
s8: placing the oxidized aluminum alloy into hole sealing liquid for hole sealing treatment to obtain a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings; the hole sealing liquid is composed of potassium fluozirconate, basic chromic sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, the temperature is 24 ℃, and the hole sealing time is 9 min; the mass concentration of acetic acid is 0.7g/L, the mass concentration of tartaric acid is 0.32g/L, and the mass concentration ratio of potassium fluorozirconate to basic chromium sulfate is 10: 3.
Example 3
A cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following components in percentage: 1.5% of Si, 2.5% of Mg, 3% of Cu, 0.65% of Mn, 0.5% of Fe, 0.08% of Y, 0.9% of Zn, 0.3% of Yb, 0.25% of Er, 0.3% of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not exceeding 0.3%, and the balance of Al;
a processing technology of a cast aluminum alloy for an automobile metal casting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preheating a crucible to 410 ℃, putting an aluminum block, heating to 750 ℃, removing slag and degassing, stirring and keeping the temperature for 40min, crushing yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy, ball-milling the crushed yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy into powder, wrapping the powder in an aluminum foil, pressing the powder into a melt by using a bell jar, and stirring a graphite rod to discharge gas;
s2: immersing the preheated ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the melt liquid level for ultrasonic treatment at a position of 20 mm; the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.6KHz, the ultrasonic time is 10min, the ultrasonic time is 80s each time, and the ultrasonic interval time is 70 s;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, cooling the melt to 700 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 6min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 755 ℃, adding an Al-10Sr alterant, a silicon-aluminum alloy, a manganese-aluminum alloy and an erbium-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming the slag again after the components are qualified; standing and cooling to 700 ℃; the nitrogen pressure is 0.4Mpa, and the ventilation time is 6 min;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at 260 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part; the casting speed is 35 mm/min; the cold rolling temperature is 80 ℃, and the cold rolling time is 2 h;
s5: preserving the heat of the aluminum alloy formed part at 542 ℃ for 18h, taking out the aluminum alloy formed part, and then air-cooling to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h;
s7: soaking in sodium hydroxide solution at 60 deg.C, taking out, washing with deionized water, soaking in nitric acid solution, taking out, and washing with deionized water; carrying out anodic oxidation for 50 min;
s8: placing the oxidized aluminum alloy into hole sealing liquid for hole sealing treatment to obtain a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings; the hole sealing liquid is composed of potassium fluozirconate, basic chromic sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, the temperature is 25 ℃, and the hole sealing time is 10 min; the mass concentration of acetic acid is 0.7g/L, the mass concentration of tartaric acid is 0.32g/L, and the mass concentration ratio of potassium fluorozirconate to basic chromium sulfate is 10: 3.
Example 4
A cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following components in percentage: 1% of Si, 2.3% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 0.42% of Mn, 0.35% of Fe, 0.08% of Y, 0.6% of Zn, 0.2% of Yb, 0.2% of Er, 0.22% of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not exceeding 0.3%, and the balance of Al;
a processing technology of a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following steps:
s1: preheating a crucible to 405 ℃, putting an aluminum block, heating to 745 ℃, deslagging and degassing, stirring and keeping the temperature for 50min, crushing yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy, ball-milling the crushed yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy into powder, wrapping the powder in an aluminum foil, pressing the powder into a melt by using a bell jar, and stirring a graphite rod to discharge gas;
s2: immersing the preheated ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the melt liquid level for ultrasonic treatment at 16 mm; the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.4KHz, the ultrasonic time is 15min, the ultrasonic time is 78s each time, and the ultrasonic interval time is 72 s;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, cooling the melt to 690 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 10min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 740 ℃, adding an Al-10Sr alterant, a silicon-aluminum alloy, a manganese-aluminum alloy and an erbium-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming the slag again after the aluminum alloy melt is qualified; standing and cooling to 690 ℃; the nitrogen pressure is 0.35Mpa, and the ventilation time is 8 min;
adding a graphene oxide modified refiner to enable the content of Ti in the aluminum alloy to be 0.1%;
the preparation method of the graphene oxide modified refiner comprises the following steps: adding an aluminum block into a crucible, heating and melting, and then preserving heat for 25min at 725 ℃; wrapping nano potassium fluoborate, nano potassium fluotitanate, graphite powder and graphene oxide quantum dots with aluminum foil, and pressing the nano potassium fluotitanate, graphite powder and graphene oxide quantum dots into the Al melt by using a bell jar; putting an ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the Al melt, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 15min at a position 13cm away from the liquid level of the Al melt;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at 255 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part; the casting speed is 30 mm/min; the cold rolling temperature is 70 ℃, and the cold rolling time is 3 h;
s5: keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy formed part at 540 ℃ for 18h, taking out the aluminum alloy formed part, and then air-cooling to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h;
s7: soaking in sodium hydroxide solution at 55 deg.C, taking out, washing with deionized water, soaking in nitric acid solution, taking out, and washing with deionized water; carrying out anodic oxidation for 45 min;
s8: placing the oxidized aluminum alloy into hole sealing liquid for hole sealing treatment to obtain a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings; the hole sealing liquid is composed of potassium fluozirconate, basic chromic sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, the temperature is 24 ℃, and the hole sealing time is 9 min; the mass concentration of acetic acid is 0.7g/L, the mass concentration of tartaric acid is 0.32g/L, and the mass concentration ratio of potassium fluorozirconate to basic chromium sulfate is 10: 3.
Comparative example 1
A cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following components in percentage: 1% of Si, 2.3% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 0.42% of Mn, 0.35% of Fe, 0.6% of Zn, 0.2% of Yb, 0.2% of Er, 0.3% of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not exceeding 0.3%, and the balance of Al;
a processing technology of a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following steps:
s1: preheating a crucible to 405 ℃, putting an aluminum block, heating until the aluminum block is completely melted, heating to 745 ℃, deslagging and degassing, stirring and keeping the temperature for 50min, crushing magnesium-aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy, ball-milling the crushed magnesium-aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy into powder and wrapping the powder in an aluminum foil, pressing the powder into a melt by using a bell jar, and stirring a graphite rod to discharge gas;
s2: immersing the preheated ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the melt liquid level for ultrasonic treatment at 16 mm; the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.4KHz, the ultrasonic time is 15min, the ultrasonic time is 78s each time, and the ultrasonic interval time is 72 s;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, cooling the melt to 690 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 10min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 740 ℃, adding an Al-10Sr alterant, a silicon-aluminum alloy, a manganese-aluminum alloy and an erbium-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming the slag again after the aluminum alloy melt is qualified; standing and cooling to 690 ℃; the nitrogen pressure is 0.35Mpa, and the ventilation time is 8 min;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at 255 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part; the casting speed is 30 mm/min; the cold rolling temperature is 70 ℃, and the cold rolling time is 3 h;
s5: keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy formed part at 540 ℃ for 18h, taking out the aluminum alloy formed part, and then air-cooling to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h;
s7: soaking in sodium hydroxide solution at 55 deg.C, taking out, washing with deionized water, soaking in nitric acid solution, taking out, and washing with deionized water; carrying out anodic oxidation for 45 min;
s8: placing the oxidized aluminum alloy into hole sealing liquid for hole sealing treatment to obtain a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings; the hole sealing liquid is composed of potassium fluozirconate, basic chromic sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, the temperature is 24 ℃, and the hole sealing time is 9 min; the mass concentration of acetic acid is 0.7g/L, the mass concentration of tartaric acid is 0.32g/L, and the mass concentration ratio of potassium fluorozirconate to basic chromium sulfate is 10: 3.
Comparative example 2
A cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following components in percentage: 1% of Si, 2.3% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 0.42% of Mn, 0.35% of Fe, 0.08% of Y, 0.6% of Zn, 0.4% of Er, 0.22% of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements is not more than 0.3%, and the balance of Al;
a processing technology of a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following steps:
s1: preheating a crucible to 405 ℃, putting an aluminum block, heating until the aluminum block is completely melted, heating to 745 ℃, deslagging and degassing, stirring and preserving heat for 50min, crushing yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets and copper sheets, ball-milling into powder and wrapping in aluminum foil, pressing the powder into a melt by using a bell jar, and stirring a graphite rod to discharge gas;
s2: immersing the preheated ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the melt liquid level for ultrasonic treatment at 16 mm; the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.4KHz, the ultrasonic time is 15min, the ultrasonic time is 78s each time, and the ultrasonic interval time is 72 s;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, cooling the melt to 690 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 10min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 740 ℃, adding an Al-10Sr alterant, a silicon-aluminum alloy, a manganese-aluminum alloy and an erbium-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming the slag again after the aluminum alloy melt is qualified; standing and cooling to 690 ℃; the nitrogen pressure is 0.35Mpa, and the ventilation time is 8 min;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at 255 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part; the casting speed is 30 mm/min; the cold rolling temperature is 70 ℃, and the cold rolling time is 3 h;
s5: keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy formed part at 540 ℃ for 18h, taking out the aluminum alloy formed part, and then air-cooling to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h;
s7: soaking in sodium hydroxide solution at 55 deg.C, taking out, washing with deionized water, soaking in nitric acid solution, taking out, and washing with deionized water; carrying out anodic oxidation for 45 min;
s8: placing the oxidized aluminum alloy into hole sealing liquid for hole sealing treatment to obtain a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings; the hole sealing liquid is composed of potassium fluozirconate, basic chromic sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, the temperature is 24 ℃, and the hole sealing time is 9 min; the mass concentration of acetic acid is 0.7g/L, the mass concentration of tartaric acid is 0.32g/L, and the mass concentration ratio of potassium fluorozirconate to basic chromium sulfate is 10: 3.
Comparative example 3
A cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following components in percentage: 1% of Si, 2.3% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 0.42% of Mn, 0.35% of Fe, 0.08% of Y, 0.6% of Zn, 0.4% of Yb, 0.22% of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements is not more than 0.3%, and the balance of Al;
a processing technology of a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following steps:
s1: preheating a crucible to 405 ℃, putting an aluminum block, heating to 745 ℃, deslagging and degassing, stirring and keeping the temperature for 50min, crushing yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy, ball-milling the crushed yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy into powder, wrapping the powder in an aluminum foil, pressing the powder into a melt by using a bell jar, and stirring a graphite rod to discharge gas;
s2: immersing the preheated ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the melt liquid level for ultrasonic treatment at 16 mm; the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.4KHz, the ultrasonic time is 15min, the ultrasonic time is 78s each time, and the ultrasonic interval time is 72 s;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, cooling the melt to 690 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 10min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 740 ℃, adding an Al-10Sr alterant, a silicon-aluminum alloy and a manganese-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming again after the aluminum alloy melt is qualified; standing and cooling to 690 ℃; the nitrogen pressure is 0.35Mpa, and the ventilation time is 8 min;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at 255 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part; the casting speed is 30 mm/min; the cold rolling temperature is 70 ℃, and the cold rolling time is 3 h;
s5: keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy formed part at 540 ℃ for 18h, taking out the aluminum alloy formed part, and then air-cooling to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h;
s7: soaking in sodium hydroxide solution at 55 deg.C, taking out, washing with deionized water, soaking in nitric acid solution, taking out, and washing with deionized water; carrying out anodic oxidation for 45 min;
s8: placing the oxidized aluminum alloy into hole sealing liquid for hole sealing treatment to obtain a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings; the hole sealing liquid is composed of potassium fluozirconate, basic chromic sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, the temperature is 24 ℃, and the hole sealing time is 9 min; the mass concentration of acetic acid is 0.7g/L, the mass concentration of tartaric acid is 0.32g/L, and the mass concentration ratio of potassium fluorozirconate to basic chromium sulfate is 10: 3.
Comparative example 4
A cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following components in percentage: 1% of Si, 2.3% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 0.42% of Mn, 0.35% of Fe, 0.08% of Y, 0.6% of Zn, 0.32% of Yb, 0.3% of Er, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not exceeding 0.3%, and the balance of Al;
a processing technology of a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following steps:
s1: preheating a crucible to 405 ℃, putting an aluminum block, heating to 745 ℃, deslagging and degassing, stirring and keeping the temperature for 50min, crushing yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy, ball-milling the crushed yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy into powder, wrapping the powder in an aluminum foil, pressing the powder into a melt by using a bell jar, and stirring a graphite rod to discharge gas;
s2: immersing the preheated ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the melt liquid level for ultrasonic treatment at 16 mm; the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.4KHz, the ultrasonic time is 15min, the ultrasonic time is 78s each time, and the ultrasonic interval time is 72 s;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, cooling the melt to 690 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 10min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 740 ℃, adding silicon-aluminum alloy, manganese-aluminum alloy and erbium-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming the melt again after the aluminum alloy melt is qualified; standing and cooling to 690 ℃; the nitrogen pressure is 0.35Mpa, and the ventilation time is 8 min;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at 255 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part; the casting speed is 30 mm/min; the cold rolling temperature is 70 ℃, and the cold rolling time is 3 h;
s5: keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy formed part at 540 ℃ for 18h, taking out the aluminum alloy formed part, and then air-cooling to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h;
s7: soaking in sodium hydroxide solution at 55 deg.C, taking out, washing with deionized water, soaking in nitric acid solution, taking out, and washing with deionized water; carrying out anodic oxidation for 45 min;
s8: placing the oxidized aluminum alloy into hole sealing liquid for hole sealing treatment to obtain a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings; the hole sealing liquid is composed of potassium fluozirconate, basic chromic sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, the temperature is 24 ℃, and the hole sealing time is 9 min; the mass concentration of acetic acid is 0.7g/L, the mass concentration of tartaric acid is 0.32g/L, and the mass concentration ratio of potassium fluorozirconate to basic chromium sulfate is 10: 3.
Comparative example 5
According to percentage, the component of the aluminum alloy in the embodiment 2 is limited to be 2Mg < Zn + Cu, and other procedures are the same;
a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following components in percentage: 1% of Si, 1% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 0.42% of Mn, 0.35% of Fe, 0.08% of Y, 0.6% of Zn, 0.2% of Yb, 0.2% of Er, 0.22% of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not exceeding 0.3%, and the balance of Al;
a processing technology of a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following steps:
s1: preheating a crucible to 405 ℃, putting an aluminum block, heating to 745 ℃, deslagging and degassing, stirring and keeping the temperature for 50min, crushing yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy, ball-milling the crushed yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy into powder, wrapping the powder in an aluminum foil, pressing the powder into a melt by using a bell jar, and stirring a graphite rod to discharge gas;
s2: immersing the preheated ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the melt liquid level for ultrasonic treatment at 16 mm; the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.4KHz, the ultrasonic time is 15min, the ultrasonic time is 78s each time, and the ultrasonic interval time is 72 s;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, cooling the melt to 690 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 10min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 740 ℃, adding an Al-10Sr alterant, a silicon-aluminum alloy, a manganese-aluminum alloy and an erbium-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming the slag again after the aluminum alloy melt is qualified; standing and cooling to 690 ℃; the nitrogen pressure is 0.35Mpa, and the ventilation time is 8 min;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at 255 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part; the casting speed is 30 mm/min; the cold rolling temperature is 70 ℃, and the cold rolling time is 3 h;
s5: keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy formed part at 540 ℃ for 18h, taking out the aluminum alloy formed part, and then air-cooling to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h;
s7: soaking in sodium hydroxide solution at 55 deg.C, taking out, washing with deionized water, soaking in nitric acid solution, taking out, and washing with deionized water; carrying out anodic oxidation for 45 min;
s8: placing the oxidized aluminum alloy into hole sealing liquid for hole sealing treatment to obtain a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings; the hole sealing liquid is composed of potassium fluozirconate, basic chromic sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, the temperature is 24 ℃, and the hole sealing time is 9 min; the mass concentration of acetic acid is 0.7g/L, the mass concentration of tartaric acid is 0.32g/L, and the mass concentration ratio of potassium fluorozirconate to basic chromium sulfate is 10: 3.
Comparative example 6
The aluminum alloy composition in example 2 was defined as Y0.2% in terms of percentage; other procedures are the same;
a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following components in percentage: 1% of Si, 2.3% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 0.42% of Mn, 0.35% of Fe, 0.2% of Y, 0.6% of Zn, 0.2% of Yb, 0.2% of Er, 0.1% of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not exceeding 0.3%, and the balance of Al;
a processing technology of a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following steps:
s1: preheating a crucible to 405 ℃, putting an aluminum block, heating to 745 ℃, deslagging and degassing, stirring and keeping the temperature for 50min, crushing yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy, ball-milling the crushed yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy into powder, wrapping the powder in an aluminum foil, pressing the powder into a melt by using a bell jar, and stirring a graphite rod to discharge gas;
s2: immersing the preheated ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the melt liquid level for ultrasonic treatment at 16 mm; the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.4KHz, the ultrasonic time is 15min, the ultrasonic time is 78s each time, and the ultrasonic interval time is 72 s;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, cooling the melt to 690 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 10min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 740 ℃, adding an Al-10Sr alterant, a silicon-aluminum alloy, a manganese-aluminum alloy and an erbium-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming the slag again after the aluminum alloy melt is qualified; standing and cooling to 690 ℃; the nitrogen pressure is 0.35Mpa, and the ventilation time is 8 min;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at 255 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part; the casting speed is 30 mm/min; the cold rolling temperature is 70 ℃, and the cold rolling time is 3 h;
s5: keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy formed part at 540 ℃ for 18h, taking out the aluminum alloy formed part, and then air-cooling to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h;
s7: soaking in sodium hydroxide solution at 55 deg.C, taking out, washing with deionized water, soaking in nitric acid solution, taking out, and washing with deionized water; carrying out anodic oxidation for 45 min;
s8: placing the oxidized aluminum alloy into hole sealing liquid for hole sealing treatment to obtain a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings; the hole sealing liquid is composed of potassium fluozirconate, basic chromic sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, the temperature is 24 ℃, and the hole sealing time is 9 min; the mass concentration of acetic acid is 0.7g/L, the mass concentration of tartaric acid is 0.32g/L, and the mass concentration ratio of potassium fluorozirconate to basic chromium sulfate is 10: 3.
Comparative example 7
According to the percentage, the mass ratio of Mn to Fe in the embodiment 2 is limited to 0.5, and the content of iron in the aluminum alloy is more than 0.5%; other procedures are the same;
a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following components in percentage: 1% of Si, 2.3% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 0.3% of Mn, 0.6% of Fe, 0.08% of Y, 0.6% of Zn, 0.2% of Yb, 0.2% of Er, 0.22% of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not exceeding 0.3%, and the balance of Al;
a processing technology of a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following steps:
s1: preheating a crucible to 405 ℃, putting an aluminum block, heating to 745 ℃, deslagging and degassing, stirring and keeping the temperature for 50min, crushing yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy, ball-milling the crushed yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy into powder, wrapping the powder in an aluminum foil, pressing the powder into a melt by using a bell jar, and stirring a graphite rod to discharge gas;
s2: immersing the preheated ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the melt liquid level for ultrasonic treatment at 16 mm; the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.4KHz, the ultrasonic time is 15min, the ultrasonic time is 78s each time, and the ultrasonic interval time is 72 s;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, cooling the melt to 690 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 10min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 740 ℃, adding an Al-10Sr alterant, a silicon-aluminum alloy, a manganese-aluminum alloy and an erbium-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming the slag again after the aluminum alloy melt is qualified; standing and cooling to 690 ℃; the nitrogen pressure is 0.35Mpa, and the ventilation time is 8 min;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at 255 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part; the casting speed is 30 mm/min; the cold rolling temperature is 70 ℃, and the cold rolling time is 3 h;
s5: keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy formed part at 540 ℃ for 18h, taking out the aluminum alloy formed part, and then air-cooling to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h;
s7: soaking in sodium hydroxide solution at 55 deg.C, taking out, washing with deionized water, soaking in nitric acid solution, taking out, and washing with deionized water; carrying out anodic oxidation for 45 min;
s8: placing the oxidized aluminum alloy into hole sealing liquid for hole sealing treatment to obtain a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings; the hole sealing liquid is composed of potassium fluozirconate, basic chromic sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, the temperature is 24 ℃, and the hole sealing time is 9 min; the mass concentration of acetic acid is 0.7g/L, the mass concentration of tartaric acid is 0.32g/L, and the mass concentration ratio of potassium fluorozirconate to basic chromium sulfate is 10: 3.
Comparative example 8
According to the percentage, the components of the aluminum alloy in the embodiment 2 are limited to 2Mg < Zn + Cu, Y is 0.2%, Y + Yb + Er + Sr =1.2%, the mass ratio of Mn to Fe is limited to 0.5, the content of iron in the aluminum alloy is more than 0.5%, and other procedures are the same;
a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following components in percentage: 1% of Si, 1% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 0.3% of Mn, 0.6% of Fe, 0.2% of Y, 0.6% of Zn, 0.3% of Yb, 0.4% of Er, 0.3% of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not exceeding 0.3%, and the balance of Al;
a processing technology of a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following steps:
s1: preheating a crucible to 405 ℃, putting an aluminum block, heating to 745 ℃, deslagging and degassing, stirring and keeping the temperature for 50min, crushing yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy, ball-milling the crushed yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy into powder, wrapping the powder in an aluminum foil, pressing the powder into a melt by using a bell jar, and stirring a graphite rod to discharge gas;
s2: immersing the preheated ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the melt liquid level for ultrasonic treatment at 16 mm; the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.4KHz, the ultrasonic time is 15min, the ultrasonic time is 78s each time, and the ultrasonic interval time is 72 s;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, cooling the melt to 690 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 10min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 740 ℃, adding an Al-10Sr alterant, a silicon-aluminum alloy, a manganese-aluminum alloy and an erbium-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming the slag again after the aluminum alloy melt is qualified; standing and cooling to 690 ℃; the nitrogen pressure is 0.35Mpa, and the ventilation time is 8 min;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at 255 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part; the casting speed is 30 mm/min; the cold rolling temperature is 70 ℃, and the cold rolling time is 3 h;
s5: keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy formed part at 540 ℃ for 18h, taking out the aluminum alloy formed part, and then air-cooling to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h; obtaining the cast aluminum alloy for the automobile metal casting.
Comparative example 9
A cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following components in percentage: 1% of Si, 2.3% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 0.42% of Mn, 0.35% of Fe, 0.08% of Y, 0.6% of Zn, 0.2% of Yb, 0.2% of Er, 0.22% of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not exceeding 0.3%, and the balance of Al;
a processing technology of a cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings comprises the following steps:
s1: preheating a crucible to 405 ℃, putting an aluminum block, heating to 745 ℃, deslagging and degassing, stirring and keeping the temperature for 50min, crushing yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy, ball-milling the crushed yttrium aluminum alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, zinc sheets, copper sheets and ytterbium aluminum alloy into powder, wrapping the powder in an aluminum foil, pressing the powder into a melt by using a bell jar, and stirring a graphite rod to discharge gas;
s2: immersing the preheated ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the melt liquid level for ultrasonic treatment at 16 mm; the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.4KHz, the ultrasonic time is 15min, the ultrasonic time is 78s each time, and the ultrasonic interval time is 72 s;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, cooling the melt to 690 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 10min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 740 ℃, adding an Al-10Sr alterant, a silicon-aluminum alloy, a manganese-aluminum alloy and an erbium-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming the slag again after the aluminum alloy melt is qualified; standing and cooling to 690 ℃; the nitrogen pressure is 0.35Mpa, and the ventilation time is 8 min;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at 255 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part; the casting speed is 30 mm/min; the cold rolling temperature is 70 ℃, and the cold rolling time is 3 h;
s5: keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy formed part at 540 ℃ for 18h, taking out the aluminum alloy formed part, and then air-cooling to obtain an annealed aluminum alloy;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h; and then sealing the holes by using boiling water at the temperature of 85-95 ℃ for 30min to obtain the cast aluminum alloy for the automobile metal casting.
And (3) performance testing: the aluminum alloy die castings prepared in the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-8 are tested for tensile strength and elongation by referring to GB/T15114-; the aluminum alloy die castings prepared in the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-8 are subjected to a salt spray test by referring to GB/T1771-; the results obtained are shown in table 1;
Figure 856285DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
TABLE 1
Examples 1-4 were processed according to the process of the present invention, example 4 was a refiner modified with graphene oxide, comparative example 1 was no addition of Y element, comparative example 2 was no addition of Yb element, comparative example 3 was no addition of Er element, comparative example 4 was no addition of Sr element, comparative example 5 was a composition in aluminum alloy defined as in percent, with the composition in example 2 being defined as 2Mg < Zn + Cu; comparative example 6 is a composition of the aluminum alloy of example 2 defined as Y0.2% in terms of percentage; comparative example 7 is a case where the aluminum alloy composition in example 2 is defined such that the mass ratio of Mn to Fe is defined to be 0.5 and the iron content in the aluminum alloy is more than 0.5% in terms of percentage; comparative example 8 is an aluminum alloy having the composition defined in example 2 as 2Mg < Zn + Cu, Y0.2%, the mass ratio of Mn to Fe is defined as 0.5, and the iron content of the aluminum alloy is greater than 0.5%, Y + Yb + Er + Sr = 1.2%; comparative example 9 sealing treatment with boiling water for technical purposes; as is clear from comparison of example 2 with comparative examples 1 to 9, the cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings, which was processed by the process of the present invention, was not only corrosion-resistant but also excellent in mechanical properties.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the present specification and directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A cast aluminum alloy for automobile metal castings is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5 to 1.5 percent of Si, 2 to 2.5 percent of Mg, 2 to 3 percent of Cu, 0.25 to 0.65 percent of Mn, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Fe, 0.08 percent of Y, 0.4 to 0.9 percent of Zn, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Yb, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of Er, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not more than 0.3 percent, and the balance of Al.
2. A cast aluminum alloy for automotive metal castings according to claim 1, characterized in that the following definitions exist for the contents of the components in the aluminum alloy in terms of percentages: zn and Cu are less than or equal to 2Mg, Er, Sr, Y and Yb are less than or equal to 0.7 percent; the mass ratio of Mn to Fe is 1.1-1.3.
3. A cast aluminum alloy for automotive metal castings according to claim 1, characterized in that the aluminum alloy has the following composition in percentage: 1% of Si, 2.3% of Mg, 2.5% of Cu, 0.42% of Mn, 0.35% of Fe, 0.08% of Y, 0.6% of Zn, 0.2% of Yb, 0.2% of Er, 0.22% of Sr, the total amount of unavoidable impurity elements not exceeding 0.3%, and the balance of Al.
4. A process of processing a cast aluminum alloy for automotive metal castings according to any of claims 1-3, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1: preheating a crucible to 400-;
s2: immersing an ultrasonic amplitude transformer into the position 15-20mm of the liquid level of the melt for ultrasonic treatment;
s3: after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, reducing the temperature of the melt to 680-DEG C and 700 ℃, adding a refining agent, standing for 6-15min, skimming the surface of the aluminum alloy melt, heating to 735-DEG C and 755 ℃, adding a modifier, a silicon-aluminum alloy, a manganese-aluminum alloy and an erbium-aluminum alloy, introducing nitrogen for refining, checking the components of the aluminum alloy melt, and skimming the slag again after the components are qualified; standing and cooling to 680-700 ℃;
s4: preheating a die-casting die, spraying a water-based release agent into the die-casting die, injecting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step S3 into a cavity of the die-casting die at the temperature of 250-260 ℃ for die-casting, and performing cold rolling to obtain an aluminum alloy formed part;
s5: the aluminum alloy formed part is subjected to heat preservation for 18h at 535-542 ℃, and is taken out and then air-cooled to obtain annealed aluminum alloy;
s6: carrying out solid solution two-stage aging treatment on the annealed aluminum alloy: carrying out solid solution treatment at 540 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out water quenching, carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10h, reducing the temperature to 110 ℃, and carrying out aging treatment at 12 h;
s7: soaking the treated aluminum alloy in a sodium hydroxide solution at 50-60 ℃, taking out, cleaning with deionized water, soaking in a nitric acid solution, taking out, and cleaning with deionized water; carrying out anodic oxidation for 40-50 min;
s8: and (3) putting the oxidized aluminum alloy into hole sealing liquid for hole sealing treatment to obtain the cast aluminum alloy for the automobile metal casting.
5. The process of producing a cast aluminum alloy for automotive metal castings according to claim 4, wherein in step S2, the ultrasonic output frequency is 1.2 to 1.6KHz, the ultrasonic time is 10 to 20min, each ultrasonic time is 75 to 80S, and the ultrasonic interval time is 70 to 75S.
6. The process for producing a cast aluminum alloy for automotive metal castings according to claim 4, wherein the nitrogen gas pressure in step S3 is 0.3 to 0.4MPa, and the aeration time is 6 to 10 min.
7. The process of manufacturing a cast aluminum alloy for automotive metal castings according to claim 4, wherein in step S3, the modifier is Al-10Sr modifier.
8. The process for producing a cast aluminum alloy for automotive metal castings according to claim 4, wherein the casting speed in step S4 is 25-35 mm/min.
9. The process of claim 4, wherein the cold rolling in step S4 is performed at a temperature of 60-80 ℃ for a time of 2-4 hours.
10. The processing technology of the cast aluminum alloy for the automobile metal castings according to the claim 4, characterized in that the hole sealing liquid in the step S8 is composed of potassium fluozirconate, basic chromium sulfate, acetic acid and tartaric acid, the temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the hole sealing time is 8-10 min.
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