CN114107755A - Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114107755A CN114107755A CN202111452033.6A CN202111452033A CN114107755A CN 114107755 A CN114107755 A CN 114107755A CN 202111452033 A CN202111452033 A CN 202111452033A CN 114107755 A CN114107755 A CN 114107755A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
Abstract
The invention discloses an Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si is 1.5% -3%; cu is 0.5% -1.2%; fe is 0.4% -1.3%; the balance of Al and inevitable impurities. The aluminum alloy of the invention reduces the content of Si, and simultaneously adds proper amount of Fe and trace RE element to ensure the demolding performance of die casting, so that the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy after T5 heat treatment can reach more than 200W/(m.K), which is close to the thermal conductivity 239W/(m.K) of pure aluminum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to an Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the fields of 3C products, automotive communication electronics, and the like are under increasing pressure to reduce weight. Meanwhile, some parts often have higher requirements on the heat conductivity of materials (especially heat dissipation devices) so as to ensure and improve the service life and the working stability of products.
The aluminum alloy has good comprehensive performance, and has the advantages of small density, high strength, good electric and thermal conductivity, simple processing and the like, and better meets the requirements of product structure and heat dissipation, thereby being widely applied to the fields of automobiles, electronics, communication and the like. The heat conductivity of pure aluminum at room temperature is high and is about 239W/(m.K), the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy is gradually reduced along with the increase of alloy elements, and the influence of different elements on the heat conductivity of the alloy is greatly different. This is mainly determined by the free electron thermal conductivity mechanism of the metal, and the thermal conductivity of aluminum alloys is related to the degree of lattice distortion, defects, impurities, phase composition and distribution in the structure.
Compared with extrusion, forging, stamping and other forming, the die-casting forming has lower production cost, and as a high-speed and high-pressure near-net forming process, the die-casting forming has the characteristics of high production efficiency, high dimensional precision, excellent mechanical property, capability of forming thin-wall deep-cavity castings with complex shapes and clear outlines and the like, and is particularly suitable for integrated design and integrated forming of heat-conducting and heat-dissipating devices.
However, at present, the material mainly used for producing thin-wall shell type communication, electronic and traffic field parts by die casting is AlSi12(Fe), which is corresponding to the European standard of ENAC44300 die casting aluminum alloy, because the heat conductivity coefficient of the aluminum alloy is obviously reduced by dissolving 10.5-13.5% of Si in the alloy in an aluminum matrix, and the binding force between a die casting product and a die can be reduced by the content of Fe0.45-0.9% in the die casting process, the die sticking problem is solved, wherein the alloy contains a certain amount of alloy elements such as Mg, Mn, Ti and the like, the heat conductivity coefficient in the alloy is greatly reduced, and generally does not exceed 160W/(m.K).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy to solve the problem that the thermal conductivity coefficient of the aluminum alloy is reduced after other elements are added in the aluminum alloy in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si is 1.5 to 3 percent; cu is 0.5 to 1.2 percent; fe is 0.4 to 1.3 percent; the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy, which is used for preparing the Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy, and comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: quantitatively preparing Al ingots, Al-Sr alloy, Al-RE alloy, Al-Cu alloy, simple substance 3303Si and pure Fe powder according to the mass percentage;
(2) melting: after the Al ingot is melted, heating to 730-750 ℃, adding Fe powder, pure Si and Al-Cu alloy for melting, and uniformly stirring to obtain a melt I; cooling to 700 ℃, adding the Al-RE alloy for melting to obtain a melt II; then standing for 15-40 minutes;
(3) die casting: and cooling the melt II to 690-710 ℃, fishing out the surface scum, casting into ingots, and die-casting to obtain the Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the aluminum alloy of the invention reduces the content of Si, and simultaneously adds proper amount of Fe and trace RE element to ensure the demolding performance of die casting, so that the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy after T5 heat treatment can reach more than 200W/(m.K), which is close to the thermal conductivity 239W/(m.K) of pure aluminum.
2. The aluminum alloy material is suitable for die casting process, and the die casting process is as follows through a 300-ton die casting machine standard sample: the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 690-710 ℃, and the low speed is as follows: 0.18-0.25 m/S, high speed of 3.5m/S, die-casting mold-remaining cooling time: 8-12 s, the cycle time of die casting is 35-45 s, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy obtained by the die casting process is 110-130 MPa, the tensile strength is 210-230 MPa, the elongation is 5-10%, and the thermal conductivity is 180-.
3. The aluminum alloy material of the invention is AlSi2Fe0.8ReSr and Si elements can increase the fluidity of the aluminum alloy, and Fe elements can solve the die sticking problem between a die casting piece and a die-casting die in the process of die-casting the aluminum alloy; however, during the demoulding process of the die casting, the temperature of the casting is about 300 ℃ to 450 ℃, at the moment, the alloy is soft, the product is easy to deform during the ejection process, the deformation of the product is influenced, and the demoulding difficulty is caused, so that Re (rare earth) and Al are added into the alloy to form high-melting intermetallic compounds (Al11Re3, Al3Re, Al2Ce and the like), the strength of the alloy can be improved under a high-temperature state, the deformation of the product during the die casting demoulding process is avoided, and meanwhile, Cu forms solid solution strengthening in the alloy, and the strength of the material is further improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy
The raw materials of examples 1 to 5 were prepared according to Table 1, and the raw materials of comparative examples 1 to 6 were prepared.
TABLE 1 (unit:%)
The aluminum alloy material is AlSi2Fe0.8ReSr, wherein Si can increase the fluidity of the aluminum alloy; fe element solves the problem of die sticking between a die casting piece and a die casting die in the die casting process; during demoulding, the temperature of the cast is kept between 300 ℃ and 450 ℃, the alloy is soft at the temperature, the product is easy to deform during ejection, the appearance of the product is influenced, and demoulding is difficult, therefore, RE rare earth elements are added into the alloy, and the RE rare earth elements and Al form high-melting point intermetallic compounds (such as Al)11Re3，Al3Re，Al2Ce, etc.), the intermetallic compound can improve the strength of the aluminum alloy at high temperature, thereby avoiding the deformation of the product in the die-casting and demoulding process; meanwhile, solid solution strengthening is formed in the alloy by matching with the addition of Cu, so that the strength of the alloy material is further improved while the aluminum alloy material is ensured to be suitable for a die-casting process.
Second, preparation method of Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy
Taking the embodiment 1 as an example, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: according to the mass percentage, Al ingots, Al-Sr alloy, Al-RE alloy, Al-Cu alloy, simple substance 3303Si and pure Fe powder are quantitatively prepared. Wherein, Fe and Si can be added in the form of pure metal, and RE and Cu can be added in the form of intermediate alloy.
(2) Melting: after the Al ingot is melted, heating to 750 ℃, adding Fe powder and pure Si, melting Al-Cu alloy, and uniformly stirring to obtain a melt I; cooling to 700 ℃, adding the Al-RE alloy for melting to obtain a melt II; then, the mixture was left to stand for 30 minutes.
(3) Die casting: and cooling the melt II to 700 ℃, fishing out the surface scum, and casting into ingots to obtain the low-silicon low-iron high-fluidity high-heat-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy. Wherein the addition amount of the aluminum refining agent is 0.5 percent by mass of the melt II, and the aluminum refining agent is AJ01C which is an aluminum refining agent of Sichuan lander high-tech industry Co.
Through 300 tons of standard samples of the die casting machine, the die casting process is as follows: the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 710 ℃, and the low speed is as follows: 0.18m/S, high speed 3.5m/S, die-casting die-remaining cooling time: 8-12 s, and the die casting cycle time is 35-45 s.
The die cast samples were subjected to a T5 heat treatment: the sample is placed in a heat treatment furnace, the set temperature is 250-300 ℃, when the temperature reaches the set temperature, timing is started, and after the set time (3-5H) is reached, the sample is taken out and placed in the air for natural cooling.
Third, comparison of Performance
Examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples were prepared by the above method, and mechanical properties of the examples and comparative examples in a die cast state and after heat treatment of T5 were tested.
TABLE 2 (die casting state)
Combining tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that different contents of Si and Cu in the aluminum alloy have completely different effects on the properties of the aluminum alloy material. The silicon content of comparative example 1 is much lower than that of example 1, comparative example 1 is difficult to form and has a stable profile during die casting, while the silicon content of comparative example 4 is much higher than that of example 1, and although comparative example 4 obtains high yield strength and tensile strength, the thermal conductivity thereof is very significantly reduced, and in order to obtain sufficiently high yield strength and tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material and also obtain high thermal conductivity, the content of silicon element cannot be too high or too low, the present invention controls the silicon content within a range of 1.5% to 3%, and further within a range of 1.9% to 2.3%. Also, the content of copper element in comparative example 2 is much lower than that in example 1, which causes a large slip of yield strength and tensile strength in comparative example 2, the product is also difficult to be formed during die casting, and even if there is a formed product, deformation is more likely to occur during demolding; in contrast, in comparative example 5, although the yield strength and tensile strength of copper are significantly improved compared to those of example 1, the thermal conductivity is greatly reduced, and even the product requirements cannot be met. It can be seen that the contents of silicon and copper have negative effects on the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy, and the increase of the contents of silicon and copper can cause the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy to be greatly reduced, but in comparative examples 3 and 6, the contents of silicon and copper are greatly reduced, and it can be seen from the thermal conductivity that the improvement is achieved, but the improvement effect is limited, and even the improvement effect is not as good as that of example 4, and the contents of silicon and copper in example 4 are much higher than those in comparative examples 3 and 6. Therefore, the performance of the aluminum alloy material cannot be comprehensively improved by singly adjusting the content of a certain element in the aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy material can keep the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy material above 180w/mk, and meanwhile, the aluminum alloy material also has the tensile strength above 215MPa and the yield strength above 112MPa, and more importantly, the elongation is kept above 5.5%.
TABLE 3 (after T5 heat treatment)
It can be seen from the combination of tables 2 and 3 that the heat treatment has different effects on the yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy material. From the viewpoint of yield strength and tensile strength, both of the examples and the comparative examples show a certain degree of reduction after heat treatment, but the yield strength and tensile strength of the examples are maintained within the desired ranges of the products, while the elongation of the comparative example shows a certain increase, and in the case of reduction of both yield strength and tensile strength, the increase of elongation of the comparative example makes the aluminum alloy material more likely to be deformed.
The aluminum alloy of the invention reduces the content of Si, and simultaneously adds proper amount of Fe and trace RE element to ensure the demolding performance of die casting, so that the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy after T5 heat treatment can reach more than 200W/(m.K), which is close to the thermal conductivity 239W/(m.K) of pure aluminum. The aluminum alloy material is suitable for die casting process, and the die casting process is as follows through a 300-ton die casting machine standard sample: the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 690-710 ℃, and the low speed is as follows: 0.18-0.25 m/S, high speed of 3.5m/S, die-casting mold-remaining cooling time: 8-12 s, the cycle time of die casting is 35-45 s, the yield strength of the aluminum alloy obtained by the die casting process is 110-130 MPa, the tensile strength is 210-230 MPa, the elongation is 5-10%, and the thermal conductivity is 180-. The aluminum alloy material of the invention is AlSi2Fe0.8ReSr and Si elements can increase the fluidity of the aluminum alloy, and Fe elements can solve the die sticking problem between a die casting piece and a die-casting die in the process of die-casting the aluminum alloy; however, during the demoulding process of the die casting, the temperature of the casting is about 300 ℃ to 450 ℃, at the moment, the alloy is soft, the product is easy to deform during the ejection process, the deformation of the product is influenced, and the demoulding difficulty is caused, so that Re (rare earth) and Al are added into the alloy to form high-melting intermetallic compounds (Al11Re3, Al3Re, Al2Ce and the like), the strength of the alloy can be improved under a high-temperature state, the deformation of the product during the die casting demoulding process is avoided, and meanwhile, Cu forms solid solution strengthening in the alloy, and the strength of the material is further improved.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: si is 1.5% -3%; cu is 0.5% -1.2%; fe is 0.4% -1.3%; the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
2. The Al-Si-Cu high thermal conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy according to claim 1, further comprising RE in an amount of 0-1%, wherein RE is one or more of La, Ce and Sm.
3. The Al-Si-Cu high thermal conductivity die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 2, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si is 1.8% -2.3%; cu is 0.6% -1%; fe is 0.68% -0.82%; RE is 0.1% -0.3; the sum of other impurities is less than 0.15%; the balance being Al.
4. The Al-Si-Cu high thermal conductivity die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein RE is Ce.
5. A method for preparing Al-Si-Cu high thermal conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy, which is characterized by preparing the Al-Si-Cu high thermal conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, and comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: quantitatively preparing Al ingots, Al-Sr alloy, Al-RE alloy, Al-Cu alloy, simple substance 3303Si and pure Fe powder according to the mass percentage;
(2) melting: after the Al ingot is melted, heating to 730-750 ℃, adding Fe powder, pure Si and Al-Cu alloy for melting, and uniformly stirring to obtain a melt I; cooling to 700 ℃, adding the Al-RE alloy for melting to obtain a melt II; then standing for 15-40 minutes;
(3) die casting: and cooling the melt II to 690-710 ℃, fishing out the surface scum, casting into ingots, and die-casting to obtain the Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy.
6. The preparation method of the Al-Si-Cu high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the die-casting process, an aluminum refining agent is added into the melt II according to the mass percentage of the aluminum refining agent in the melt II, and the addition amount of the aluminum refining agent is 0.5% -2%.
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| CN113293328A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-24 | 重庆慧鼎华创信息科技有限公司 | Al-Mg high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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- 2021-12-01 CN CN202111452033.6A patent/CN114107755B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20120164021A1 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2012-06-28 | Aluminium Rheinfelden Gmbh | Heat-Resistant Aluminium Alloy |
| CN101376937A (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2009-03-04 | 华南理工大学 | Squeeze casting Al-Si-Cu alloy material |
| CN110016594A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-16 | 中铝广西崇左稀钪新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of die-casting rare earth aluminum alloy materials and preparation method thereof with high heat conductance |
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