CN114015912A - High-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0-3.9% of Ni, 0.5-1.5% of Fe, less than 1.0% of Mg, less than 1.0% of Cu, less than 3.0% of rare earth elements, less than 0.5% of total content of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum, wherein the high-thermal conductivity and high-elongation Al-Ni die-casting aluminum alloy prepared by the optimized alloy formula components has the mechanical properties of tensile strength of 160-220 MPa, yield strength of 100-130MPa, elongation of 10-20%, electrical conductivity of more than or equal to 45% IACS, thermal conductivity of more than or equal to 190W/(m K), can improve the toughness of the aluminum alloy while ensuring the high thermal conductivity of the material, and can not deform in the die-casting process; the method is simple to operate and easy for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy preparation, and particularly relates to a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The die-casting aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, electric conduction and heat conduction and the like, meets the requirement of an industrial die-casting production process, and is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, electronic communication and the like. However, with the development of multiple functions of products, higher requirements are put on the development of die-casting aluminum alloy materials with high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties.
Different elements have different influences on the heat conductivity of the die-casting aluminum alloy, and the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy is related to the degree of lattice distortion, defects, impurities, phase composition, distribution and the like in the structure. However, for cast aluminum alloy, in order to ensure the mold filling property and mechanical property of the alloy, more alloy elements must be added, so that the thermal conductivity of the alloy is generally not high.
The high-heat-conductivity cast aluminum alloy mainly takes aluminum-silicon alloy as a base, introduces other strengthening elements to improve the performance of the aluminum-silicon alloy, and has the advantages of good casting performance, small density, excellent corrosion resistance, heat resistance, weldability and the like. However, the content of silicon in the cast aluminum alloy affects the thermal conductivity of the alloy, and the higher the content is, the lower the thermal conductivity is, because the solid solubility of silicon in the Al matrix is increased, so that the degree of lattice distortion is increased, and as the content of silicon is increased, the eutectic silicon content in the structure is increased, the size is increased, the scattering effect on moving electrons is strong, the resistance in electron transmission is increased, and the thermal conductivity is reduced. The common die-casting aluminum alloy has excellent aluminum silicon system casting performance, such as ADC12, but the as-cast thermal conductivity is only about 100W/(m.K).
For example, CN112567059A discloses an aluminum alloy for die casting, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: from 4 wt% to 6 wt% Ni, from 0.2 wt% to 0.8 wt% Fe, 0.01 wt% to 0.1 wt% Ti, wherein Si is an impurity element. The alloy material combines a suitable yield strength with good electrical conductivity, having a yield strength of at least about 90MPa and an electrical conductivity of at least about 48% IACS, but is not suitable for use in thermally conductive components where elongation is required.
CN104264017B discloses a high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10.50 wt% -13.50 wt% of Si; 0.10 wt% -0.50 wt% of Co; 0.20 to 0.40 weight percent of Fe; 0.01 to 0.05 weight percent of Ti; b: 0.01 wt% -0.05 wt%; the total amount of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 percent, and the balance is aluminum, in the preparation process of the die-casting aluminum alloy, cobalt oxide is used as a modifier, and then boron and titanium are added, so that the die-casting aluminum alloy with the thermal conductivity of 190W/(m.K) can be prepared, but the alloy elements added into the alloy are more, the yield strength of the material is not high enough, and the elongation is low.
CN107022698A discloses a high thermal conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, 0.05-1.0% of silicon, 0.3-1.3% of iron, 0.2-2.0% of nickel, 0.1-1.2% of magnesium and 0.001-0.15% of strontium.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made keeping in mind the above and/or other problems occurring in the prior art.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an AlNi-based die-cast aluminum alloy material, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an AlNi-based die-cast aluminum alloy material, comprising, in mass percent: 1.0 to 3.9 percent of Ni0 to 1.5 percent of Fe0 to 1.5 percent, less than 1.0 percent of Mg, less than 1.0 percent of Cu, less than 3.0 percent of rare earth elements, less than 0.5 percent of the total content of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum.
As a preferable aspect of the AlNi-based die-cast aluminum alloy material of the present invention, wherein: the die-cast aluminum alloy material has a tensile strength of at least 160MPa, a yield strength of at least 100MPa, an elongation of at least 10%, an electrical conductivity of at least 45% IACS, and a thermal conductivity of at least 190W/(m.multidot.K).
As a preferable aspect of the AlNi-based die-cast aluminum alloy material of the present invention, wherein: the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni1.8-3.0%, Fe0.8-1.0%, total content of other impurity elements less than 0.2%, and the balance of aluminum.
As a preferable aspect of the AlNi-based die-cast aluminum alloy material of the present invention, wherein: the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3 wt% of Ni, 0.9 wt% of Fe and the balance of aluminum.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an AlNi-based die-cast aluminum alloy material, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of an AlNi series die-casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps,
preparing materials: preparing raw materials quantitatively according to the weight ratio of the alloy elements;
smelting: adding pure aluminum ingots into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the pure aluminum ingots, and adding the alloy of the residual elements after melting;
refining: refining the melt prepared after smelting, removing hydrogen by using a degasser, and removing floating slag on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
die casting: and carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining, and carrying out mold filling and molding on the melt to obtain the die-cast aluminum alloy.
As an optimal scheme of the preparation method of the AlNi series die-cast aluminum alloy material, the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps of preparing materials, wherein the alloy elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0 to 3.9 percent of Ni0 to 1.5 percent of Fe0 to 1.5 percent, less than 1.0 percent of Mg, less than 1.0 percent of Cu, less than 3.0 percent of rare earth elements, less than 0.5 percent of the total content of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum.
As an optimal scheme of the preparation method of the AlNi series die-cast aluminum alloy material, the method comprises the following steps: the alloy elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass: ni1.8-3.0%, Fe0.8-1.0%, total content of other impurity elements less than 0.2%, and the balance of aluminum.
As an optimal scheme of the preparation method of the AlNi series die-cast aluminum alloy material, the method comprises the following steps: the alloy elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 3 wt% Ni, 0.9 wt% Fe, and the balance aluminum.
As an optimal scheme of the preparation method of the AlNi series die-cast aluminum alloy material, the method comprises the following steps: the die casting production is carried out, wherein the temperature is 720 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the formula components of the die-casting aluminum alloy are improved, the alloy components are simplified, the material performance can be adjusted only by controlling the contents of Ni and Fe elements, the high thermal conductivity of the material is ensured, the obdurability of the aluminum alloy can be improved, and the product cannot deform in the die-casting process.
(2) The Al-Ni die-casting aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity and high elongation prepared by the optimized alloy formula components has the mechanical properties of tensile strength of 160-220 MPa, yield strength of 100-130MPa, elongation of 10-20%, electrical conductivity of more than or equal to 45% IACS, and thermal conductivity of more than or equal to 190W/(m × K); the method is simple to operate and easy for industrial production.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a stress-strain diagram of a material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail below with reference to examples of the specification.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
The aluminum alloy tensile test in the invention: according to GBT +228.1-2010+ Metal materials + tensile test + part 1: room temperature test method, using a material testing machine model LD50 to test the tensile property of the test bar, the gauge length of the extensometer is 25mm, the loading rate is 0.5mm/Min, recording the measured data, testing ten samples at each formulation point, and each property is the average value of ten data.
The method for testing the thermal conductivity comprises the following steps: according to standard test method for measuring thermal diffusivity by using flash method of ASTME1461-2013, measuring the thermal diffusivity of a test bar by using a thermal conductivity coefficient instrument with the model number of LFA 467; according to standard test method for measuring specific heat capacity by differential scanning calorimetry of ASTME1269-2011, the specific heat capacity of a rod is measured by a differential scanning calorimeter with the model number of DSC 214; according to a GB/T1423-1996 test method for the density of noble metals and alloys thereof, an electronic balance with the model of XSE205DU is adopted to measure the density of the test bar, and the thermal conductivity of the material test bar is converted according to the values of the three.
Example 1:
the invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 97.1kg of aluminum ingot, 2kg of nickel ingot and 0.9kg of iron wire according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the aluminum ingot, the 2kg of nickel ingot and the 0.9kg of iron wire beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot and iron wire after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting is finished, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 2% and the content of iron element is 0.9%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
Example 2
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 96.6kg of aluminum ingot, 2.5kg of nickel ingot and 0.9kg of iron wire according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the aluminum ingot, the 2.5kg of nickel ingot and the 0.9kg of iron wire beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot and iron wire after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting is finished, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 2.5% and the content of iron element is 0.9%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm. The stress-strain curve of the material of the invention is shown in figure 1.
Example 3
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 96.1kg of aluminum ingot, 3kg of nickel ingot and 0.9kg of iron wire according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the aluminum ingot, the 3kg of nickel ingot and the 0.9kg of iron wire beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot and iron wire after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting is finished, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 3% and the content of iron element is 0.9%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
Example 4
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 96.7kg of aluminum ingot, 2kg of nickel ingot, 0.9kg of iron wire and 0.4kg of magnesium ingot according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the aluminum ingot, the 2kg of nickel ingot, the 0.9kg of iron wire and the 0.4kg of magnesium ingot beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot, iron wire and magnesium ingot after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 2%, the content of iron element is 0.9% and the content of magnesium element is 0.4%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
Example 5
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 96.5kg of aluminum ingot, 2kg of nickel ingot, 0.9kg of iron wire and 0.6kg of magnesium ingot according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the aluminum ingot, the 2kg of nickel ingot, the 0.9kg of iron wire and the 0.6kg of magnesium ingot beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot, iron wire and magnesium ingot after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 2%, the content of iron element is 0.9% and the content of magnesium element is 0.6%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
Example 6
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 96.3kg of aluminum ingot, 2.5kg of nickel ingot, 0.9kg of iron wire and 0.3kg of lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the mixture beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot, iron wire and lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting is finished, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 2.5%, the content of iron element is 0.9%, and the total content of lanthanum and cerium element is 0.3%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
Example 7
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 96.1kg of aluminum ingot, 2.5kg of nickel ingot, 0.9kg of iron wire and 0.5kg of lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the mixture beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot, iron wire and lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting is finished, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 2.5%, the content of iron element is 0.9%, and the total content of lanthanum and cerium element is 0.5%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
Example 8
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 95.9kg of aluminum ingot, 2.5kg of nickel ingot, 0.9kg of iron wire and 0.7kg of lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the mixture beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot, iron wire and lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting is finished, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 2.5%, the content of iron element is 0.9%, and the total content of lanthanum and cerium element is 0.7%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
Example 9
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 95.6kg of aluminum ingot, 2.5kg of nickel ingot, 0.9kg of iron wire and 1kg of lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the mixture beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot, iron wire and lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting is finished, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 2.5%, the content of iron element is 0.9%, and the total content of lanthanum and cerium element is 1%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
Example 10
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 94.1kg of aluminum ingot, 2.5kg of nickel ingot, 0.9kg of iron wire and 2.5kg of lanthanum-cerium mischmetal according to the weight ratio of the alloy elements, and placing the mixture beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot, iron wire and lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting is finished, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 2.5%, the content of iron element is 0.9%, and the total content of lanthanum and cerium element is 2.5%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
Example 11
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 96kg of aluminum ingot, 3kg of nickel ingot, 0.9kg of iron wire and 0.1kg of lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the mixture beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot, iron wire and lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting is finished, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 3%, the content of iron element is 0.9%, and the total content of lanthanum and cerium element is 0.1%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
Example 12
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 97.1kg of aluminum ingot, 1.5kg of nickel ingot, 0.9kg of iron wire and 0.5kg of red copper according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the aluminum ingot, the 1.5kg of nickel ingot, the 0.9kg of iron wire and the 0.5kg of red copper beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot, iron wire and red copper after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 1.5%, the content of iron element is 0.9% and the content of copper element is 0.5%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
Example 13
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 96.6kg of aluminum ingot, 1.5kg of nickel ingot, 0.9kg of iron wire and 1kg of red copper according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the aluminum ingot, the 1.5kg of nickel ingot, the 0.9kg of iron wire and the 1kg of red copper beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot, iron wire and red copper after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting is finished, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 1.5%, the content of iron element is 0.9% and the content of copper element is 1%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
Example 14
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 96.9kg of aluminum ingot, 2.5kg of nickel ingot and 0.6kg of iron wire according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the aluminum ingot, the 2.5kg of nickel ingot and the 0.6kg of iron wire beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot and iron wire after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting is finished, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 2.5% and the content of iron element is 0.6%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
Example 15
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 95.9kg of aluminum ingot, 3kg of nickel ingot and 1.1kg of iron wire according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the aluminum ingot, the 3kg of nickel ingot and the 1.1kg of iron wire beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot and iron wire after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting is finished, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 3% and the content of iron element is 1.1%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
Example 16
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: weighing the ingredients according to the total weight of 100kg, preparing 95.6kg of aluminum ingot, 3kg of nickel ingot and 1.4kg of iron wire according to the weight ratio of alloy elements, and placing the aluminum ingot, the 3kg of nickel ingot and the 1.4kg of iron wire beside a smelting furnace for drying treatment;
(2) smelting: adding aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the aluminum ingot, and adding nickel ingot and iron wire after melting. Fully stirring, standing and analyzing components after melting is finished, and adjusting the components of the melt until the content of nickel element is 3% and the content of iron element is 1.4%;
(3) refining: after the components of the melt are qualified, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, adding a sodium-free slag removing agent on the surface of the melt, degassing by taking nitrogen as a current-carrying gas, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
(4) carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining at 720 ℃, wherein the injection speed is 3-4.4 m/s; the mould used in the production process is a test bar mould with the diameter of 6.4 mm.
The performance of the die-cast aluminum alloys prepared in examples 1-16 is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The invention provides a high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation die-casting aluminum alloy, which has appropriate strength, solves the problem that the thermal conductivity and the mechanical property of the die-casting aluminum alloy in the prior art cannot be combined simultaneously, and can be preferentially combined with Fe element by adding Ni elementFeNiAl formed into needle shape and sheet shape9The phase is not easy to dissolve and diffuse in the matrix, is generated in a eutectic form when the alloy is crystallized, is distributed on the matrix of the alpha (Al) solid solution in a strip shape under the casting condition, is favorable for preventing metal deformation, and has better mechanical property and better elongation.
The invention optimizes the components of the die-casting aluminum alloy, can improve the obdurability of the aluminum alloy while ensuring the high electric and thermal conductivity of the material by only adjusting the contents of Ni and Fe, and the product can not deform in the die-casting process, and the optimized alloy components can provide the die-casting production takt. On the basis, the mechanical property and the electric and heat conducting properties of the alloy can be further adjusted by adding elements such as magnesium, copper and rare earth, wherein the magnesium and copper elements can generate a solid solution strengthening effect on an aluminum alloy matrix, and the rare earth elements can play roles in modification, refining purification, alloying and the like.
The high-thermal-conductivity high-elongation Al-Ni die-casting aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention has the mechanical properties of 160-220 MPa of tensile strength, 100-130MPa of yield strength, 10-20% of elongation, more than or equal to 45% of electrical conductivity IACS (International Annealed copper Standard), and more than or equal to 190W/(m × K) of thermal conductivity. The method is simple to operate and easy for industrial production.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The AlNi series die-casting aluminum alloy material is characterized in that:
the die-casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0 to 3.9 percent of Ni, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of Fe, less than 1.0 percent of Mg, less than 1.0 percent of Cu, less than 3.0 percent of rare earth elements, less than 0.5 percent of the total content of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum.
2. The AlNi-based die-cast aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the die-cast aluminum alloy material has a tensile strength of at least 160MPa, a yield strength of at least 100MPa, an elongation of at least 10%, an electrical conductivity of at least 45% IACS, and a thermal conductivity of at least 190W/(m.multidot.K).
3. The AlNi-based die-cast aluminum alloy material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.8 to 3.0 percent of Ni, 0.8 to 1.0 percent of Fe, less than 0.2 percent of the total percentage of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum.
4. The AlNi-based die-cast aluminum alloy material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3 wt% of Ni, 0.9 wt% of Fe and the balance of aluminum.
5. The method for producing an AlNi-based die-cast aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
preparing materials: preparing raw materials quantitatively according to the weight ratio of the alloy elements;
smelting: adding pure aluminum ingots into a smelting furnace, heating to 740-760 ℃ to melt the pure aluminum ingots, and adding the alloy of the residual elements after melting;
refining: refining the melt prepared after smelting, removing hydrogen by using a degasser, and removing floating slag on the surface of the aluminum liquid after refining for 15-20 minutes;
die casting: and carrying out die-casting production on the melt obtained after refining, and carrying out mold filling and molding on the melt to obtain the die-cast aluminum alloy.
6. The production method of an AlNi-based die-cast aluminum alloy material according to claim 5, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps of preparing materials, wherein the alloy elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0 to 3.9 percent of Ni, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of Fe, less than 1.0 percent of Mg, less than 1.0 percent of Cu, less than 3.0 percent of rare earth elements, less than 0.5 percent of the total content of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum.
7. The production method of an AlNi-based die-cast aluminum alloy material according to claim 6, characterized by comprising: the alloy elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 1.8 to 3.0 percent of Ni, 0.8 to 1.0 percent of Fe, less than 0.2 percent of the total percentage of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum.
8. The production method of an AlNi-based die-cast aluminum alloy material according to claim 7, characterized in that: the alloy elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 3 wt% of Ni, 0.9 wt% of Fe and the balance of aluminum.
9. The production method of an AlNi-based die-cast aluminum alloy material according to claim 7, characterized in that: the die casting production is carried out, wherein the temperature is 720 ℃.
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