CN114107245B - 一种OsCESA9突变体在改良水稻茎秆纤维素聚合度以及制备石墨烯中的应用 - Google Patents
一种OsCESA9突变体在改良水稻茎秆纤维素聚合度以及制备石墨烯中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种OsCESA9突变体在改良水稻茎秆纤维素聚合度以及制备石墨烯中的应用,属于石墨烯制备技术领域。本发明公开一种改良水稻茎秆纤维素聚合度的OsCESA9突变体,其为OsCESA9蛋白第396位氨基酸S突变为L,所述OsCESA9突变蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示,编码所述的OsCESA9突变蛋白的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。还公开了所述OsCESA9突变体在改良水稻茎秆纤维素聚合度中的应用,以及在制备石墨烯中的应用。本发明通过基因编辑水稻次生细胞壁纤维素合酶基因OsCESA9,遗传改良水稻茎秆纤维素,将其用于优质石墨烯的生产,可以显著提高石墨烯品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及石墨烯制备领域,特别是涉及一种OsCESA9突变体在改良水稻茎秆纤维素聚合度以及制备石墨烯中的应用。
背景技术
石墨烯是碳原子以sp2杂化形成的呈单层蜂窝状晶格结构的二维碳材料,具有优异的导电、导热、透光、柔韧和稳定性,在材料、电子、信息、能源和生物医学等领域具有重要应用前景。石墨烯的制备一般采用“自上而下”和“自下而上”两种策略,前者主要包括石墨的机械剥离和化学剥离法,这些方法的大规模使用受限于石墨的不可再生性;后者以含碳气态物的化学气相沉积为代表,虽然所制的石墨烯面积大、质量优,但存在生产成本高和工艺复杂等不足。
以生物质为原料制备石墨烯,是最近兴起一种的策略。以农作物秸秆、木材边角料等农林废弃物为主要代表的生物质具有来源丰富、成本低廉、储存运输方便和碳元素丰富等优点,是制备石墨烯的理想原料。生物质主要由纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等组成,其中纤维素是由葡萄糖以β-1,4键连接形成的直链多聚糖,具有结构和组成单一的特点,尤其是纤维素结晶区排列紧密,有利于优质石墨烯的制备。现已有利用甘蔗渣晶体纤维素制备石墨烯的研究报道,但目前生物质石墨烯仍存在产品缺陷多和层数多等缺陷。利用遗传工程手段改良纤维素原材料特征,有望提升生物质石墨烯品质。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种OsCESA9突变体在改良水稻茎秆纤维素聚合度以及制备石墨烯中的应用,以解决上述现有技术存在的问题,通过基因编辑水稻次生细胞壁纤维素合酶基因OsCESA9,遗传改良水稻秸秆纤维素,将其用于优质石墨烯的生产,可以显著提高石墨烯品质。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:
本发明提供一种改良水稻茎秆纤维素聚合度的OsCESA9突变体,所述OsCESA9突变体为OsCESA9蛋白第396位氨基酸S突变为L,所述蛋白突变体的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示,编码所述突变蛋白的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
SEQ ID NO:2:
>OsCESA9protein sequence of cesa9
MEASAGLVAGSHNRNELVLIRGHEEPKPLRALSGQVCEICGDEVGRTVDGDLFVACNECGFPVCRPCYEYERREGTQNCPQCKTRYKRLKGSPRVPGDEDEEDIDDLEHEFNIDDEKQKQLQQDQDGMQNSHITEAMLHGKMSYGRGPDDGDGNSTPLPPIITGARSVPVSGEFPISNSHGHGEFSSSLHKRIHPYPVSEPGSAKWDEKKEVSWKERMDDWKSKQGIVAGGAPDPDDYDADVPLNDEARQPLSRKVSIASSKVNPYRMVIILRLVVLGFFLRYRILHPVPDAIPLWLTSIICEIWFAVSWILDQFPKWYPIDRETYLDRLSLRYEREGEPSLLSAVDLFVSTVDPLKEPPLVTANTVLSILAVDYPVDKVSCYVSDDGASMLTFELLSETAEFARKWVPFCKKFSIEPRAPEFYFSQKVDYLKDKVHPNFVQERRAMKREYEEFKVRINALVAKAQKVPAEGWIMKDGTPWPGNNTRDHPGMIQVFLGHSGGHDTEGNELPRLVYVSREKRPGFQHHKKAGAMNALIRVSAVLTNAPFMLNLDCDHYINNSKAIREAMCFLMDPQVGRKVCYVQFPQRFDGIDVHDRYANRNTVFFDINMKGLDGIQGPVYVGTGCVFRRQALYGYNPPKGPKRPKMVTCDCCPCFGRKKRKHGKDGLPEAVAADGGMDSDKEMLMSQMNFEKRFGQSAAFVTSTLMEEGGVPPSSSPAALLKEAIHVISCGYEDKTDWGLELGWIYGSITEDILTGFKMHCRGWRSVYCMPKRAAFKGSAPINLSDRLNQVLRWALGSVEIFFSRHSPLLYGYKNGNLKWLERFSYINTTIYPFTSLPLLAYCTLPAVCLLTGKFIMPPISTFASLFFIALFISIFATGILEMRWSGVSIEEWWRNEQFWVIGGVSAHLFAVVQGLLKVLAGIDTNFTVTSKATGDEDDEFAELYAFKWTTLLIPPTTLLILNIIGVVAGVSDAINNGSEAWGPLFGKLFFAFWVIVHLYPFLKGLMGRQNRTPTIVVIWSVLLASIFSLLWVRIDPFTIKARGPDVRQCGINC*。
灰色背景、加粗斜体的氨基酸为:OsCESA9蛋白第396位氨基酸S突变为L。“*”代表终止密码子。
SEQ ID NO:1
>OsCESA9 CDS of cesa9
ATGGAGGCGAGCGCCGGGCTGGTGGCCGGGTCGCACAACCGGAACGAGCTGGTGCTGATCCGGGGGCACGAGGAGCCCAAGCCGCTGCGGGCGCTGAGCGGGCAGGTGTGCGAGATATGCGGCGACGAGGTCGGCCGCACCGTCGACGGCGACCTCTTCGTCGCCTGCAACGAGTGCGGCTTCCCGGTGTGCCGCCCCTGCTACGAGTACGAGCGCCGCGAGGGCACCCAGAACTGCCCCCAGTGCAAGACCCGCTACAAGCGCCTCAAGGGGAGCCCGAGGGTGCCCGGGGACGAGGACGAGGAGGACATTGACGACCTGGAGCACGAGTTCAACATCGACGACGAGAAGCAGAAGCAGCTGCAGCAGGATCAGGATGGCATGCAGAACAGCCACATCACCGAGGCGATGCTGCACGGCAAGATGAGCTACGGGAGGGGCCCCGACGACGGCGACGGCAACAGCACCCCGCTCCCGCCGATCATCACCGGCGCTCGCTCCGTCCCGGTGAGCGGGGAGTTCCCGATATCGAACAGCCATGGCCATGGCGAGTTCTCCTCTTCCCTGCACAAGCGCATCCACCCCTACCCGGTGTCTGAGCCAGGGAGTGCAAAGTGGGACGAGAAGAAAGAGGTGAGCTGGAAGGAGAGGATGGACGACTGGAAATCCAAGCAGGGCATCGTCGCCGGCGGCGCCCCCGATCCCGACGACTACGACGCCGACGTCCCACTGAACGACGAGGCGAGGCAGCCGCTGTCGAGGAAGGTGTCGATCGCGTCGAGCAAGGTGAACCCGTACCGGATGGTGATCATCCTCCGTCTCGTGGTGCTCGGCTTCTTCCTCCGGTACCGCATCCTCCACCCGGTGCCCGACGCCATCCCGCTGTGGCTCACCTCCATCATCTGCGAGATCTGGTTCGCCGTGTCGTGGATCCTCGACCAGTTCCCCAAGTGGTACCCGATCGACAGGGAGACCTACCTCGACCGCCTCTCCCTCCGCTACGAGCGCGAGGGGGAGCCGTCGCTGCTGTCGGCGGTGGACCTGTTCGTCAGCACGGTGGATCCGCTCAAGGAGCCGCCGCTGGTCACGGCCAACACCGTGCTGTCCATCCTCGCCGTCGACTACCCCGTCGACAAGGTGTCCTGCTACGTCTCCGACGACGGCGCGTCCATGCTCACGTTCGAGTTGCTGTCGGAGACGGCGGAGTTCGCCCGCAAGTGGGTGCCATTCTGCAAGAAGTTCAGCATCGAGCCCCGCGCCCCGGAGTTCTACTTCTCCCAGAAGGTCGACTACCTCAAGGACAAGGTCCATCCCAACTTCGTCCAGGAGCGCCGCGCCATGAAGAGAGAGTACGAGGAGTTCAAGGTGAGGATCAACGCGCTGGTGGCGAAGGCGCAGAAGGTGCCGGCGGAAGGGTGGATCATGAAGGACGGGACGCCATGGCCGGGGAACAACACCCGCGACCACCCGGGCATGATCCAGGTGTTCCTCGGCCACAGCGGCGGCCACGACACCGAGGGCAACGAGCTCCCCCGCCTCGTCTACGTCTCCCGTGAGAAGCGCCCCGGCTTCCAGCACCACAAGAAGGCCGGCGCCATGAACGCCCTCATTCGTGTGTCGGCCGTGCTGACGAACGCGCCGTTCATGCTCAACTTGGATTGCGATCACTACATCAACAACAGCAAGGCCATCAGGGAGGCGATGTGCTTCCTCATGGATCCGCAGGTCGGACGGAAGGTTTGCTACGTGCAGTTCCCGCAGAGGTTCGACGGCATCGACGTCCACGACCGATACGCCAACCGCAACACCGTCTTCTTCGACATCAACATGAAGGGGCTTGATGGGATCCAGGGCCCGGTGTACGTCGGGACAGGGTGCGTGTTCAGGCGGCAGGCGCTGTACGGATACAACCCACCCAAGGGACCCAAGAGGCCCAAGATGGTGACCTGCGACTGCTGCCCTTGCTTCGGGAGGAAGAAGCGGAAGCACGGCAAGGACGGCCTCCCGGAGGCCGTCGCCGCCGACGGCGGGATGGACAGCGACAAGGAGATGCTCATGTCGCAGATGAACTTCGAGAAGCGGTTCGGGCAGTCGGCGGCGTTCGTGACGTCGACGCTGATGGAGGAAGGCGGCGTCCCGCCGTCGTCCAGCCCCGCCGCGCTCCTCAAGGAGGCCATCCATGTCATCAGCTGCGGCTACGAGGACAAGACCGACTGGGGTCTCGAGCTGGGGTGGATCTACGGGTCGATCACGGAGGACATCCTAACGGGGTTCAAGATGCACTGCCGCGGGTGGAGGTCGGTGTACTGCATGCCGAAGAGGGCGGCGTTCAAGGGGTCAGCGCCGATCAACCTATCTGACCGTCTCAACCAGGTGCTCCGGTGGGCGCTCGGCTCCGTCGAGATCTTCTTCAGCCGGCACAGCCCGCTCCTCTACGGCTACAAGAACGGCAACCTCAAGTGGCTCGAGCGCTTCTCCTACATCAACACCACCATCTACCCCTTCACTTCTCTCCCCCTCCTCGCCTACTGCACCCTACCCGCCGTCTGCCTCCTCACCGGCAAGTTCATCATGCCTCCGATTAGCACGTTTGCGAGTTTGTTCTTCATCGCGCTCTTCATCTCCATCTTCGCGACGGGCATCCTGGAGATGAGGTGGAGCGGGGTGAGCATCGAGGAGTGGTGGAGGAACGAGCAGTTCTGGGTCATCGGCGGCGTGTCGGCGCACCTGTTCGCGGTGGTGCAGGGCCTGCTCAAGGTGCTGGCCGGGATCGACACCAACTTCACCGTCACGTCCAAGGCCACCGGAGACGAGGACGACGAGTTCGCGGAGCTCTACGCCTTCAAGTGGACCACCCTCCTCATCCCGCCCACCACGCTGCTCATCCTCAACATCATCGGCGTCGTCGCCGGCGTCTCCGACGCCATCAACAACGGCTCCGAGGCGTGGGGCCCGCTCTTCGGGAAGCTCTTCTTCGCCTTCTGGGTCATCGTCCACCTCTACCCCTTCCTCAAGGGGCTCATGGGGAGGCAGAACCGGACGCCCACCATTGTTGTCATCTGGTCCGTGCTGCTCGCCTCCATCTTTTCCTTGCTCTGGGTCAGGATTGATCCCTTCACCATCAAGGCCAGGGGCCCTGACGTCAGGCAGTGCGGCATCAACTGCTGA。
灰色背景、加粗斜体的碱基为:OsCESA9基因第1187位碱基C突变为T。
本发明还提供一种基于CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑制备所述的OsCESA9突变体的gRNAspacer序列,其核苷酸序列为:5'-CGAGTCGCTGTCGGAGACGG-3'(SEQ ID NO:3)。
本发明还提供一种基于CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑构建的重组载体,包括所述的gRNAspacer序列。
本发明还提供一种宿主细胞,包含所述的重组载体。
本发明还提供根据所述的OsCESA9突变体或所述的gRNA spacer序列或所述的重组载体或所述的宿主细胞在改良水稻茎秆纤维素聚合度中的应用,其特征在于,用于降低植物茎秆纤维素聚合度。
本发明还提供一种突变体水稻的构建方法,将所述的重组载体导入野生型水稻日本晴中,得到茎秆纤维素聚合度下降的突变体植株。
本发明还提供一种利用所述的OsCESA9突变体在制备石墨烯中的应用,利用所述的构建方法构建水稻突变体植株,获取水稻突变体植株的茎秆纤维素,然后将所述茎秆纤维素与FeCl2·4H2O进行混合反应制备所述石墨烯。
优选的是,所述茎秆纤维素经过分离纯化得到晶体纤维素后,再将所述晶体纤维素与FeCl2·4H2O按照质量比1:1-1:4混合反应制备所述石墨烯。
本发明还提供一种所述的OsCESA9突变体的构建方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以所述的gRNA spacer序列为靶位点,合成双链spacer序列:
Forward:5'-TGTGTGCGAGTCGCTGTCGGAGACGG-3';
Reverse:5'-AAACCCGTCTCCGACAGCGACTCGCA-3';
(2)通过酶切连接将所述序列转入质粒,构建重组载体;将所述重组载体转入感受态细菌,筛选阳性菌落并提取质粒,再将所提取的质粒转入农杆菌,筛选得到农杆菌阳性菌落;
(3)用所述农杆菌阳性菌落侵染植物,经组织培养获取组培苗;
(4)提取所述组培苗中DNA,筛选转基因阳性苗,然后扩增所述靶位点上下游约1000bp长度的基因片段,测序筛选得到所述OsCESA9突变体。
优选的是,步骤(4)中,扩增所用的突变检测引物为:
Seq-F:5'-ACAGGGAGACCTACCTCGAC-3'(SEQ ID NO:4);
Seq-R:5'-GTAGCAAACCTTCCGTCCGA-3'(SEQ ID NO:5)。
本发明公开了以下技术效果:
本发明利用基因编辑技术创建水稻OsCESA9蛋白第396位氨基酸点突变(S→L),使突变体cesa9的晶体纤维素聚合度下降28.7%。利用cesa9晶体纤维素所制石墨烯的拉曼光谱ID:IG和IG:I2D分别为0.21和1.83,均优于野生型;其XRD图谱002特征峰强度和尖锐度均高于野生型;透射电镜图和原子力显微镜观察图均显示其层数小于10;X射线光电子能谱显示其碳纯度高达89%以上。可见,本发明通过基因编辑改造水稻OsCESA9蛋白,改良了纤维素原材料的特征,进而对于提高石墨烯的品质奠定基础。本发明能够为水稻遗传改造以及石墨烯品质优化提供试验基础和技术支持。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为水稻基因编辑突变体cesa9的表型及突变方式;(a)水稻野生型日本晴(NPB)和cesa9突变体植株照片;(b)水稻野生型和cesa9突变体茎秆脆性照片;(c)cesa9突变体基因编辑位点和靶位点测序检测图;黑色加粗字体表示突变碱基,灰色背景字体表示基因编辑PAM区,下划线表示突变位点所处的氨基酸密码子;(d)cesa9突变体编码序列和蛋白序列突变方式模式图;(e)突变蛋白OsCESA9与水稻、拟南芥和杨树次生壁纤维素合酶蛋白的序列比对图。箭头所示为突变氨基酸;
图2为水稻野生型和cesa9突变体纤维素聚合度和结晶度;(a)粗纤维和晶体纤维素聚合度;(b)生物质原材料、粗纤维和晶体纤维素结晶度;
图3为水稻野生型和cesa9突变体晶体纤维素所制石墨烯的拉曼图;
图4为水稻野生型和cesa9突变体晶体纤维素所制石墨烯的XRD图;
图5为cesa9突变体晶体纤维素所制石墨烯的透射电镜图;(a)到(c)放大倍数依次增加。(a)展示的是表面含褶皱的石墨烯纱状片层结构;(b)和(c)显示出明显的石墨平面所对应的晶格条纹;图(c)显示所制得的石墨烯层数少,约8-10层;
图6为cesa9突变体晶体纤维素所制石墨烯的原子力显微镜图;(b)为(a)的部分放大,图中标注的高度表示横线处石墨烯的高度;
图7为cesa9突变体晶体纤维素所制石墨烯的X射线光电子能谱图;(a)为主要元素纵览图;石墨烯中主要元素为C(89.68%)、O(9.84)和Fe(0.48%);(b)为C1s谱;(c)为O1s谱。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见的。本申请说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
实施例1利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建CESA9突变体
1.基因编辑位点查找及spacer序列合成
利用http://www.genome.arizona.edu/crispr/CRISPRsearch.html网站查找CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑靶位点,本发明中ceas9突变体所选20nt靶位点序列(spacer序列)为5’-CGAGTCGCTGTCGGAGACGG-3’(SEQ ID NO:3)。在武汉天一华煜基因科技有限公司合成双链spacer序列,在正向序列添加粘性末端5’-TGTGTG-3’,反向序列添加粘性末端5’-AAAC-3’。双链寡聚核苷酸序列如下:
Forword:5’-TGTGTGCGAGTCGCTGTCGGAGACGG-3’;
Reverse:5’-AAACCCGTCTCCGACAGCGACTCGCA-3’。
2.CRISPR/Cas9载体构建
取浓度为100μM的正向和反向寡聚核苷酸序列各1μL,依次加入装有3μL ddH2O的PE管中。将PE管置于37℃水浴锅中60min,再取出置于95℃沸水中10min,之后以0.1℃/sec的速度降温至25℃。用BsaI酶切pCSGAPO1质粒,酶切体系包括:pCSGAPO1质粒2μL、10×NEBSmart-cut Buffer 2μL、10×BSA 2μL、Bsa I酶液1μL和ddH2O 13μL;酶切反应温度和时间分别为37℃和4h。酶切反应结束后加入0.5μLCIAP去磷酸化酶继续反应30min。用PCR回收试剂盒回收酶切后质粒。利用T4 DNA连接酶连接退火后DNA双链和酶切后质粒,连接体系包括酶切后质粒2μL、退火后DNA双链1μL、10×T4 DNA连接酶Buffer 0.50μL、T4 DNA连接酶1μL和ddH2O 0.50μL;连接反应温度和时间分别为4℃和16h。取1μL连接液转入大肠杆菌DH5a感受态,挑选单菌落进行菌落PCR。挑取阳性菌落摇菌并提取质粒,再将质粒进行DNA测序。将测序正确后的质粒转入农杆菌EHA105,通过PCR验证筛选农杆菌阳性菌落,保存菌种待用。
3.水稻愈伤侵染和组织培养
选取饱满、无霉斑的成熟水稻种子去壳,依次用无菌水冲洗3遍、70%的乙醇处理1分钟、无菌水冲洗3遍,最后用0.1%升汞溶液消毒12min。用无菌水将消毒后种子冲洗6遍,将种子放在灭菌滤纸上吸干水分,然后用无菌镊子夹到诱导培养基上,放置于28℃,暗培养4周。挑选颜色鲜亮、紧实且干燥的胚性愈伤,放于继代培养基上,放置于28℃,暗培养2周。在带有50μg/mL kana+抗生素的LB固体培养基上于28℃预培养农杆菌两天。将农杆菌转移至装有悬浮培养基的离心管里,涡旋振荡重悬农杆菌,调节农杆菌的悬浮液至OD600值0.8–1.0。挑选颜色鲜亮、紧实且干燥的胚性愈伤转移至灭菌好的三角瓶内,加入农杆菌悬浮液,浸泡愈伤30min。转移愈伤至灭菌好的滤纸上,超净工作台上吹干,然后将愈伤放置在已铺有一层滤纸的共培养基上培养3天,温度为20℃。将共培养的愈伤转移至灭菌好的三角瓶内,用灭菌水洗涤愈伤10次。将愈伤浸泡在含400ppm羧苄青霉素的灭菌水中30分钟,每2min摇动一次。转移愈伤至灭菌滤纸上吸干水分,并在超净工作台上吹4h。转移愈伤至选择培养基上选择培养2次,每次2周左右,第一次选择培养基中羧苄青霉素筛选浓度为400ppm,第二次选择培养基中羧苄青霉素筛选浓度为250ppm。将抗性愈伤转移至分化培养基上,26℃光照下培养。待苗高10cm左右,剪掉分化时产生的根,然后将其转移至生根培养基中,26℃光培养2周。打开瓶盖,向瓶内注入无菌水,炼苗2天后,洗掉根上的残留培养基,移栽至土壤中。
上述所涉及的培养基的配方如下:
(1)诱导培养基
调节PH至5.8。
(2)继代培养基
调节PH至5.8。
(3)共培养基
调节PH至5.8。
(4)悬浮培养基
调节PH至5.4。
(5)选择培养
调节PH至6。
(6)分化培养基
调节PH至6。
(7)生根培养基
调节PH至6。
(8)LB培养基
121℃灭菌20分钟,冷到55℃左右,加抗生素。
4.突变体鉴定与筛选
待组培苗于分裂期时摘取约10cm长叶片,用CTAB法提取DNA。利用Cas9基因特异性引物进行PCR扩增以检测转基因阳性苗。所用Cas9基因特异性引物序列为:
Cas9-F:5'-GACTCCTCCCACCACCCA-3'
Cas9-R:5'-AACCAACATCCAATCCCA-3'
PCR扩增体系如下:
PCR反应程序如下:
利用突变测引物扩增阳性苗中靶位点上下游约1000bp长度基因片段,通过测序检测转基因阳性苗的突变情况。所用突变检测引物序列为:
Seq-F(SEQ ID NO:4):5'-ACAGGGAGACCTACCTCGAC-3'
Seq-R(SEQ ID NO:5):5'-GTAGCAAACCTTCCGTCCGA-3'
筛选T0代中具有目标突变方式的突变体,收获突变体种子,种植得到T1代群体。提取T1代分蘖期水稻叶片DNA,利用SeqF/R引物测序筛选纯合突变体(图1(c))。
从水稻农艺性状外形上观察测定发现:CESA9突变体株高相比野生型降低12.3%(图1(a));CESA9突变体茎秆变脆,易被完全折断(图1(b))。
从分子水平上分析发现:本发明中cesa9突变方式为OsCESA9基因CDS序列第1187位碱基由C突变为T,OsCESA9蛋白第396位氨基酸S突变为L(图1(d))。突变蛋白CESA9与水稻、拟南芥和杨树次生壁纤维素合酶蛋白的序列比对图,见图1(e)。
实施例2晶体纤维素制备
(1)收获水稻成熟期秸秆,去除叶片和叶鞘,茎秆置于50℃烘箱烘干,用粉样机粉碎过40目筛,置于干燥器中保存;
(2)称取1g水稻茎秆粉末,加入30mL乙酸/硝酸/水(8:1:2,v/v/v),置于水浴锅中沸水浴1h,每隔10min振荡混匀一次;
(3)4000rpm离心5min,倒掉上清,沉淀加入30mL乙酸/硝酸/水(8:1:2,v/v/v),重复步骤2一次;
(4)加入30mL dH2O,充分振荡后4000rpm离心5min,倒掉上清。重复水洗过程5遍,直至中性;
(5)加入30mL丙酮,充分振荡后4000rpm离心5min,倒掉上清,沉淀置于通风橱中晾干,所得残渣即为晶体纤维素;
(6)将晶体纤维素粉碎,过160目筛,保存于干燥器中。
分别用粘度法和X-ray测定水稻野生型和cesa9突变体纤维素的聚合度和结晶度,结果如图2所示。图2(a)为粗纤维和晶体纤维素聚合度,结果显示cesa9粗纤维和晶体纤维素聚合度分别下降4.0%和28.7%;图2(b)为生物质原材料、粗纤维和晶体纤维素结晶度,结果显示cesa9生物质原材料结晶度下降1.9%,粗纤维和晶体纤维素结晶度分别提高13.7%和3.3%。
实施例3石墨烯制备
(1)称取0.4g实施例2已过160目筛的晶体纤维素与FeCl2·4H2O进行混合(质量比1:1/2/3/4),充分研磨15min成细腻的Fe2+/C粉末状混合物。
(2)将混合物至于镍舟的中间位置,放入管式炉中于N2气氛下以5℃/min的速率升温至1000℃并保温2小时,再以10℃/min的速率降温至300℃。
(3)自然冷却后加入100mL的1M的稀盐酸,在磁力搅拌器下搅拌6h去除杂质,离心去上清,dH2O水洗至中性。
(4)在超声仪中超声6h,离心弃液体后烘干。
实施例4石墨烯表征
(1)激光拉曼(RAMAN SPECTRA)检测
Thermo Fischer DXR显微激光拉曼检测样品石墨化程度,测试激发波长为532nm。
结果如图3所示:石墨烯拉曼图谱中D峰高表明缺陷多,G峰高表明石墨化程度高,2D峰高表明层数低。野生型和cesa9的石墨烯拉曼图中ID:IG分别为0.39和0.21,IG:I2D分别为为2.30和1.83,表明cesa9突变体晶体纤维素所制石墨烯石墨化程度更高、层数更少。
(2)X射线衍射(XRD)检测
使用广角X-射线衍射仪检测样品。测试条件为:Cu靶,Kα射线(λ=0.15406),管压为40kV,电流40mA,扫描速度为10°/min,步长为0.02°。扫描范围5°-45°。
结果如图4所示:XRD图谱中出现的002峰(2θ=26.5)是代表石墨的特征峰,002峰强度大表明石墨烯碳材料的结晶度高;峰形尖锐表明石墨烯碳材料的晶粒大,排列更规整。XRD图显示cesa9突变体晶体纤维素所制石墨烯结晶度更高,排列更规整。
(3)透射电镜(TEM)观察
利用FEI Tecnai F20型号的透射电子显微镜观察生物质石墨烯碳材料的样品形貌与层数。
结果如图5所示:图5中(a)到(c)放大倍数依次增加。(a)中展示的是表面含褶皱的石墨烯纱状片层结构;(b)、(c)中显示出明显的石墨平面所对应的晶格条纹;(c)显示所制得的石墨烯层数少,约8-10层。
(4)原子力显微镜(AFM)解析
利用bruker Dimension Icon型号的原子力显微镜测定石墨烯碳材料的片层厚度。
结果如图6所示:图6中(b)为(a)的部分放大。单层石墨烯的高度为0.4nm左右,石墨层的间隔距离约0.34nm。结果显示石墨烯碳材料高度为4.1-4.5nm,表明石墨烯层数小于6层。
(5)X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测定
利用EscaLab Xi+型号的电子能谱检测生物质石墨烯碳材料的元素成分进行分析。
结果如图7所示:(a)纵览图中显示所制石墨烯碳含量占89%以上,纯度较高。(b)为碳原子与其他原子的化学键合图,在284.7、285.2、285.4及290.9eV的位置分别对应sp2-C、sp3-C、C-O和O=C-O,其中sp2-C键占主导。(c)中534.2eV和534.5eV对应于O=C和C-OH。X射线光电子能谱图证明所制石墨烯的碳纯度高。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
序列表
<110> 华中农业大学
<120> 一种OsCESA9突变体在改良水稻茎秆纤维素聚合度以及制备石墨烯中的应用
<160> 5
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 3168
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
atggaggcga gcgccgggct ggtggccggg tcgcacaacc ggaacgagct ggtgctgatc 60
cgggggcacg aggagcccaa gccgctgcgg gcgctgagcg ggcaggtgtg cgagatatgc 120
ggcgacgagg tcggccgcac cgtcgacggc gacctcttcg tcgcctgcaa cgagtgcggc 180
ttcccggtgt gccgcccctg ctacgagtac gagcgccgcg agggcaccca gaactgcccc 240
cagtgcaaga cccgctacaa gcgcctcaag gggagcccga gggtgcccgg ggacgaggac 300
gaggaggaca ttgacgacct ggagcacgag ttcaacatcg acgacgagaa gcagaagcag 360
ctgcagcagg atcaggatgg catgcagaac agccacatca ccgaggcgat gctgcacggc 420
aagatgagct acgggagggg ccccgacgac ggcgacggca acagcacccc gctcccgccg 480
atcatcaccg gcgctcgctc cgtcccggtg agcggggagt tcccgatatc gaacagccat 540
ggccatggcg agttctcctc ttccctgcac aagcgcatcc acccctaccc ggtgtctgag 600
ccagggagtg caaagtggga cgagaagaaa gaggtgagct ggaaggagag gatggacgac 660
tggaaatcca agcagggcat cgtcgccggc ggcgcccccg atcccgacga ctacgacgcc 720
gacgtcccac tgaacgacga ggcgaggcag ccgctgtcga ggaaggtgtc gatcgcgtcg 780
agcaaggtga acccgtaccg gatggtgatc atcctccgtc tcgtggtgct cggcttcttc 840
ctccggtacc gcatcctcca cccggtgccc gacgccatcc cgctgtggct cacctccatc 900
atctgcgaga tctggttcgc cgtgtcgtgg atcctcgacc agttccccaa gtggtacccg 960
atcgacaggg agacctacct cgaccgcctc tccctccgct acgagcgcga gggggagccg 1020
tcgctgctgt cggcggtgga cctgttcgtc agcacggtgg atccgctcaa ggagccgccg 1080
ctggtcacgg ccaacaccgt gctgtccatc ctcgccgtcg actaccccgt cgacaaggtg 1140
tcctgctacg tctccgacga cggcgcgtcc atgctcacgt tcgagttgct gtcggagacg 1200
gcggagttcg cccgcaagtg ggtgccattc tgcaagaagt tcagcatcga gccccgcgcc 1260
ccggagttct acttctccca gaaggtcgac tacctcaagg acaaggtcca tcccaacttc 1320
gtccaggagc gccgcgccat gaagagagag tacgaggagt tcaaggtgag gatcaacgcg 1380
ctggtggcga aggcgcagaa ggtgccggcg gaagggtgga tcatgaagga cgggacgcca 1440
tggccgggga acaacacccg cgaccacccg ggcatgatcc aggtgttcct cggccacagc 1500
ggcggccacg acaccgaggg caacgagctc ccccgcctcg tctacgtctc ccgtgagaag 1560
cgccccggct tccagcacca caagaaggcc ggcgccatga acgccctcat tcgtgtgtcg 1620
gccgtgctga cgaacgcgcc gttcatgctc aacttggatt gcgatcacta catcaacaac 1680
agcaaggcca tcagggaggc gatgtgcttc ctcatggatc cgcaggtcgg acggaaggtt 1740
tgctacgtgc agttcccgca gaggttcgac ggcatcgacg tccacgaccg atacgccaac 1800
cgcaacaccg tcttcttcga catcaacatg aaggggcttg atgggatcca gggcccggtg 1860
tacgtcggga cagggtgcgt gttcaggcgg caggcgctgt acggatacaa cccacccaag 1920
ggacccaaga ggcccaagat ggtgacctgc gactgctgcc cttgcttcgg gaggaagaag 1980
cggaagcacg gcaaggacgg cctcccggag gccgtcgccg ccgacggcgg gatggacagc 2040
gacaaggaga tgctcatgtc gcagatgaac ttcgagaagc ggttcgggca gtcggcggcg 2100
ttcgtgacgt cgacgctgat ggaggaaggc ggcgtcccgc cgtcgtccag ccccgccgcg 2160
ctcctcaagg aggccatcca tgtcatcagc tgcggctacg aggacaagac cgactggggt 2220
ctcgagctgg ggtggatcta cgggtcgatc acggaggaca tcctaacggg gttcaagatg 2280
cactgccgcg ggtggaggtc ggtgtactgc atgccgaaga gggcggcgtt caaggggtca 2340
gcgccgatca acctatctga ccgtctcaac caggtgctcc ggtgggcgct cggctccgtc 2400
gagatcttct tcagccggca cagcccgctc ctctacggct acaagaacgg caacctcaag 2460
tggctcgagc gcttctccta catcaacacc accatctacc ccttcacttc tctccccctc 2520
ctcgcctact gcaccctacc cgccgtctgc ctcctcaccg gcaagttcat catgcctccg 2580
attagcacgt ttgcgagttt gttcttcatc gcgctcttca tctccatctt cgcgacgggc 2640
atcctggaga tgaggtggag cggggtgagc atcgaggagt ggtggaggaa cgagcagttc 2700
tgggtcatcg gcggcgtgtc ggcgcacctg ttcgcggtgg tgcagggcct gctcaaggtg 2760
ctggccggga tcgacaccaa cttcaccgtc acgtccaagg ccaccggaga cgaggacgac 2820
gagttcgcgg agctctacgc cttcaagtgg accaccctcc tcatcccgcc caccacgctg 2880
ctcatcctca acatcatcgg cgtcgtcgcc ggcgtctccg acgccatcaa caacggctcc 2940
gaggcgtggg gcccgctctt cgggaagctc ttcttcgcct tctgggtcat cgtccacctc 3000
taccccttcc tcaaggggct catggggagg cagaaccgga cgcccaccat tgttgtcatc 3060
tggtccgtgc tgctcgcctc catcttttcc ttgctctggg tcaggattga tcccttcacc 3120
atcaaggcca ggggccctga cgtcaggcag tgcggcatca actgctga 3168
<210> 2
<211> 1055
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 2
Met Glu Ala Ser Ala Gly Leu Val Ala Gly Ser His Asn Arg Asn Glu
1 5 10 15
Leu Val Leu Ile Arg Gly His Glu Glu Pro Lys Pro Leu Arg Ala Leu
20 25 30
Ser Gly Gln Val Cys Glu Ile Cys Gly Asp Glu Val Gly Arg Thr Val
35 40 45
Asp Gly Asp Leu Phe Val Ala Cys Asn Glu Cys Gly Phe Pro Val Cys
50 55 60
Arg Pro Cys Tyr Glu Tyr Glu Arg Arg Glu Gly Thr Gln Asn Cys Pro
65 70 75 80
Gln Cys Lys Thr Arg Tyr Lys Arg Leu Lys Gly Ser Pro Arg Val Pro
85 90 95
Gly Asp Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp Ile Asp Asp Leu Glu His Glu Phe Asn
100 105 110
Ile Asp Asp Glu Lys Gln Lys Gln Leu Gln Gln Asp Gln Asp Gly Met
115 120 125
Gln Asn Ser His Ile Thr Glu Ala Met Leu His Gly Lys Met Ser Tyr
130 135 140
Gly Arg Gly Pro Asp Asp Gly Asp Gly Asn Ser Thr Pro Leu Pro Pro
145 150 155 160
Ile Ile Thr Gly Ala Arg Ser Val Pro Val Ser Gly Glu Phe Pro Ile
165 170 175
Ser Asn Ser His Gly His Gly Glu Phe Ser Ser Ser Leu His Lys Arg
180 185 190
Ile His Pro Tyr Pro Val Ser Glu Pro Gly Ser Ala Lys Trp Asp Glu
195 200 205
Lys Lys Glu Val Ser Trp Lys Glu Arg Met Asp Asp Trp Lys Ser Lys
210 215 220
Gln Gly Ile Val Ala Gly Gly Ala Pro Asp Pro Asp Asp Tyr Asp Ala
225 230 235 240
Asp Val Pro Leu Asn Asp Glu Ala Arg Gln Pro Leu Ser Arg Lys Val
245 250 255
Ser Ile Ala Ser Ser Lys Val Asn Pro Tyr Arg Met Val Ile Ile Leu
260 265 270
Arg Leu Val Val Leu Gly Phe Phe Leu Arg Tyr Arg Ile Leu His Pro
275 280 285
Val Pro Asp Ala Ile Pro Leu Trp Leu Thr Ser Ile Ile Cys Glu Ile
290 295 300
Trp Phe Ala Val Ser Trp Ile Leu Asp Gln Phe Pro Lys Trp Tyr Pro
305 310 315 320
Ile Asp Arg Glu Thr Tyr Leu Asp Arg Leu Ser Leu Arg Tyr Glu Arg
325 330 335
Glu Gly Glu Pro Ser Leu Leu Ser Ala Val Asp Leu Phe Val Ser Thr
340 345 350
Val Asp Pro Leu Lys Glu Pro Pro Leu Val Thr Ala Asn Thr Val Leu
355 360 365
Ser Ile Leu Ala Val Asp Tyr Pro Val Asp Lys Val Ser Cys Tyr Val
370 375 380
Ser Asp Asp Gly Ala Ser Met Leu Thr Phe Glu Leu Leu Ser Glu Thr
385 390 395 400
Ala Glu Phe Ala Arg Lys Trp Val Pro Phe Cys Lys Lys Phe Ser Ile
405 410 415
Glu Pro Arg Ala Pro Glu Phe Tyr Phe Ser Gln Lys Val Asp Tyr Leu
420 425 430
Lys Asp Lys Val His Pro Asn Phe Val Gln Glu Arg Arg Ala Met Lys
435 440 445
Arg Glu Tyr Glu Glu Phe Lys Val Arg Ile Asn Ala Leu Val Ala Lys
450 455 460
Ala Gln Lys Val Pro Ala Glu Gly Trp Ile Met Lys Asp Gly Thr Pro
465 470 475 480
Trp Pro Gly Asn Asn Thr Arg Asp His Pro Gly Met Ile Gln Val Phe
485 490 495
Leu Gly His Ser Gly Gly His Asp Thr Glu Gly Asn Glu Leu Pro Arg
500 505 510
Leu Val Tyr Val Ser Arg Glu Lys Arg Pro Gly Phe Gln His His Lys
515 520 525
Lys Ala Gly Ala Met Asn Ala Leu Ile Arg Val Ser Ala Val Leu Thr
530 535 540
Asn Ala Pro Phe Met Leu Asn Leu Asp Cys Asp His Tyr Ile Asn Asn
545 550 555 560
Ser Lys Ala Ile Arg Glu Ala Met Cys Phe Leu Met Asp Pro Gln Val
565 570 575
Gly Arg Lys Val Cys Tyr Val Gln Phe Pro Gln Arg Phe Asp Gly Ile
580 585 590
Asp Val His Asp Arg Tyr Ala Asn Arg Asn Thr Val Phe Phe Asp Ile
595 600 605
Asn Met Lys Gly Leu Asp Gly Ile Gln Gly Pro Val Tyr Val Gly Thr
610 615 620
Gly Cys Val Phe Arg Arg Gln Ala Leu Tyr Gly Tyr Asn Pro Pro Lys
625 630 635 640
Gly Pro Lys Arg Pro Lys Met Val Thr Cys Asp Cys Cys Pro Cys Phe
645 650 655
Gly Arg Lys Lys Arg Lys His Gly Lys Asp Gly Leu Pro Glu Ala Val
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Ala Ala Asp Gly Gly Met Asp Ser Asp Lys Glu Met Leu Met Ser Gln
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Met Asn Phe Glu Lys Arg Phe Gly Gln Ser Ala Ala Phe Val Thr Ser
690 695 700
Thr Leu Met Glu Glu Gly Gly Val Pro Pro Ser Ser Ser Pro Ala Ala
705 710 715 720
Leu Leu Lys Glu Ala Ile His Val Ile Ser Cys Gly Tyr Glu Asp Lys
725 730 735
Thr Asp Trp Gly Leu Glu Leu Gly Trp Ile Tyr Gly Ser Ile Thr Glu
740 745 750
Asp Ile Leu Thr Gly Phe Lys Met His Cys Arg Gly Trp Arg Ser Val
755 760 765
Tyr Cys Met Pro Lys Arg Ala Ala Phe Lys Gly Ser Ala Pro Ile Asn
770 775 780
Leu Ser Asp Arg Leu Asn Gln Val Leu Arg Trp Ala Leu Gly Ser Val
785 790 795 800
Glu Ile Phe Phe Ser Arg His Ser Pro Leu Leu Tyr Gly Tyr Lys Asn
805 810 815
Gly Asn Leu Lys Trp Leu Glu Arg Phe Ser Tyr Ile Asn Thr Thr Ile
820 825 830
Tyr Pro Phe Thr Ser Leu Pro Leu Leu Ala Tyr Cys Thr Leu Pro Ala
835 840 845
Val Cys Leu Leu Thr Gly Lys Phe Ile Met Pro Pro Ile Ser Thr Phe
850 855 860
Ala Ser Leu Phe Phe Ile Ala Leu Phe Ile Ser Ile Phe Ala Thr Gly
865 870 875 880
Ile Leu Glu Met Arg Trp Ser Gly Val Ser Ile Glu Glu Trp Trp Arg
885 890 895
Asn Glu Gln Phe Trp Val Ile Gly Gly Val Ser Ala His Leu Phe Ala
900 905 910
Val Val Gln Gly Leu Leu Lys Val Leu Ala Gly Ile Asp Thr Asn Phe
915 920 925
Thr Val Thr Ser Lys Ala Thr Gly Asp Glu Asp Asp Glu Phe Ala Glu
930 935 940
Leu Tyr Ala Phe Lys Trp Thr Thr Leu Leu Ile Pro Pro Thr Thr Leu
945 950 955 960
Leu Ile Leu Asn Ile Ile Gly Val Val Ala Gly Val Ser Asp Ala Ile
965 970 975
Asn Asn Gly Ser Glu Ala Trp Gly Pro Leu Phe Gly Lys Leu Phe Phe
980 985 990
Ala Phe Trp Val Ile Val His Leu Tyr Pro Phe Leu Lys Gly Leu Met
995 1000 1005
Gly Arg Gln Asn Arg Thr Pro Thr Ile Val Val Ile Trp Ser Val Leu
1010 1015 1020
Leu Ala Ser Ile Phe Ser Leu Leu Trp Val Arg Ile Asp Pro Phe Thr
1025 1030 1035 1040
Ile Lys Ala Arg Gly Pro Asp Val Arg Gln Cys Gly Ile Asn Cys
1045 1050 1055
<210> 3
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 3
cgagtcgctg tcggagacgg 20
<210> 4
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 4
acagggagac ctacctcgac 20
<210> 5
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 5
gtagcaaacc ttccgtccga 20
Claims (1)
1.一种改良水稻茎秆纤维素聚合度的OsCESA9突变体在制备石墨烯中的应用,其特征在于,所述OsCESA9突变体为OsCESA9蛋白第396位氨基酸S突变为L,所述突变蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示,编码所述突变蛋白的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示;
将OsCESA9突变体水稻植株茎秆纤维素与FeCl2·4H2O进行混合反应制备所述石墨烯;
所述茎秆纤维素经过分离纯化得到晶体纤维素后,再将所述晶体纤维素与FeCl2·4H2O按照质量比1:1-1:4混合反应制备所述石墨烯;
相比野生型水稻植株,所述晶体纤维素聚合度下降,结晶度提高。
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