CN114106886B - Staged gasification device and staged gasification method - Google Patents
Staged gasification device and staged gasification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114106886B CN114106886B CN202010868257.4A CN202010868257A CN114106886B CN 114106886 B CN114106886 B CN 114106886B CN 202010868257 A CN202010868257 A CN 202010868257A CN 114106886 B CN114106886 B CN 114106886B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
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Abstract
The invention provides a staged gasification device, comprising: a primary gasification unit (1); the separation device (2) is arranged at the downstream of the primary gasification unit (1) and communicated with the primary gasification unit (1); and a secondary gasification unit (3), wherein the secondary gasification unit (3) is arranged downstream of the separation device (2) and is communicated with the separation device (2), wherein the separation device (2) is configured to at least partially realize gas-solid separation of the products of the primary gasification unit (1) to form a primary gas (E) and a hot semicoke (D), and wherein the secondary gasification unit (3) comprises a primary gas inlet and a hot semicoke inlet which are separated from each other. The invention also provides a staged gasification method. According to the staged gasification device and the staged gasification method provided by the invention, the carbon conversion rate, the gasification performance and the system operation stability can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel gasification, in particular to a staged gasification device and a staged gasification method.
Background
The coal gasification technology is an important component of clean coal technology, is one of main ways for efficiently and cleanly utilizing coal, and has become a core technology of numerous modern energy and chemical systems. The fluidized bed gasification can realize good back mixing and contact between the gasification agent and the fuel, wide-screen crushed coal particles can be used as the fuel, and the adaptability of the coal type is strong; however, fluidized bed gasification is limited by the fluidization of the particles and can generally only be operated below 1000 ℃, and the gasification reaction rate is low, resulting in low carbon conversion. The entrained flow coal gasification process has the advantages of high reaction temperature, high gasification strength, high production capacity and high carbon conversion rate, is the main development direction of the existing coal gasification technology, but has the problems of small particle size of coal powder entering a furnace, high preparation cost, large limitation on coal types and the like. In order to solve the defects of the gasification process, a staged gasification process is provided: the staged gasification process combines the advantages of different reactors and gasification processes, realizes staged control of the coal gasification reaction process, reduces the fuel preparation cost, improves the average reaction temperature of the system, and realizes high-efficiency gasification.
The prior staged gasification technology has the following limitations in the practical application process:
(1) When the coal gasification system operates at the temperature lower than 950 ℃ and the low-oxygen coal ratio, the coal gas generated by the primary gasification unit contains tar and directly enters downstream, so that the environment is polluted while the operation stability of downstream equipment is influenced; in addition, the fly ash carried in the gas generated by the primary gasification unit directly leaves the system, and the carbon content of the fly ash is high, so that the overall carbon conversion rate of the system is influenced.
(2) The coal gas generated by the first-stage gasification unit enters the second-stage gasification unit together with fly ash, and is gasified with a gasifying agent introduced into the gasification furnace, if the reaction temperature in the gasification furnace is not high enough to ensure that carbon and CO in the coal gas are gasified 2 The water vapor completes the reduction reaction instantly, so that the gasifying agent is easier to react with combustible gas (CH) in the reducing flue gas 4 、CO、H 2 Etc.) to cause the gasification indexes such as carbon conversion rate, cold gas efficiency, effective gas yield, etc. of the whole system to be lowered.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to overcome at least partly the drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a new staged gasification unit and a staged gasification method.
The invention also aims to provide a staged gasification device and a staged gasification method so as to improve the carbon conversion rate.
The present invention also provides a staged gasification apparatus and a staged gasification method, which can improve the stability of system operation.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a staged gasification apparatus and a staged gasification method, which can improve the system gasification performance.
To achieve one of the above objects or purposes, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
a staged gasification apparatus, comprising:
a primary gasification unit;
the separation device is arranged at the downstream of the primary gasification unit and communicated with the primary gasification unit; and
a secondary gasification unit arranged at the downstream of the separation device and communicated with the separation device,
wherein the separation device is configured to at least partially effect gas-solid separation of the product of the primary gasification unit, forming a raw gas and a hot semicoke, and
wherein, the secondary gasification unit comprises a primary coal gas inlet and a hot semicoke inlet which are separated from each other.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the hot char inlet is arranged upstream of the primary gas inlet in the flow direction of the primary gas flow of the secondary gasification unit.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the primary gasification unit comprises a fuel inlet, a first gasification agent inlet and a gas-solid mixture outlet;
the separation device comprises a material inlet, a primary coal gas outlet and a hot semicoke outlet;
the secondary gasification unit comprises a secondary gasification hearth, the primary gas inlet, the hot semicoke inlet, the second gasification agent inlet, a final gas outlet and a bottom slag outlet are arranged on the secondary gasification hearth,
wherein, the gas-solid mixture outlet of the primary gasification unit is communicated with the material inlet of the separation device, the primary coal gas outlet of the separation device is communicated with the primary coal gas inlet of the secondary gasification unit, and the hot semicoke outlet of the separation device is communicated with the hot semicoke inlet of the secondary gasification unit.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the hot semicoke inlet of the secondary gasification unit is located at the top of the secondary gasification unit, the second gasifying agent inlet of the secondary gasification unit is located at the top of the secondary gasification unit, and the primary coal gas inlet of the secondary gasification unit is located at the side wall of the secondary gasification unit.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the primary gas inlet is located at a distance of 1/3-1/4 of the total height of the secondary gasification unit from the top of the secondary gasification unit, and the primary gas inlet is located at a higher position than the final gas outlet of the secondary gasification unit.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the central axis of the primary gas inlet forms an angle of less than 90 degrees with the side wall of the secondary gasification unit.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the separation device is a downdraft cyclonic separation device.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of the primary gas inlets is plural, and an intersection point of extension lines of central axes of the plural primary gas inlets is not lower than a position of the final gas outlet.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the secondary gasification furnace comprises two cylinder sections of unequal diameter, the diameter of the upper cylinder section being smaller than the diameter of the lower cylinder section, and the hot semicoke inlet and the second gasification agent inlet are arranged at the top of the upper cylinder section and the primary gas inlet is arranged on the lower cylinder section.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the staged gasification device further comprises an annular wind box arranged between the primary gas outlet of the separation device and the primary gas inlet of the secondary gasification unit for distributing the primary gas.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the annular windbox is arranged above the lower barrel section and the primary gas inlet is arranged at the top of the lower barrel section, so that the primary gas distributed through the annular windbox enters the secondary gasification furnace from the top of the lower barrel section.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the staged gasification device further comprises a burner, and the burner is arranged at the top of the secondary gasification furnace.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the burner is arranged on top of the upper cylinder section and the primary gas inlet is arranged on top of the lower cylinder section.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the included angle between the central axis of the primary gas inlet and the top wall of the secondary gasification furnace chamber is satisfied: alpha is more than or equal to 90 degrees and less than or equal to 135 degrees.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the annular windbox is arranged at the periphery of the lower barrel section and the primary gas inlet is arranged in the side wall of the lower barrel section, so that the primary gas distributed through the annular windbox enters the secondary gasification furnace from the side wall of the lower barrel section.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the included angle between the central axis of the primary gas inlet and the side wall of the secondary gasification furnace chamber satisfies the following condition: 0 DEG < delta.ltoreq.90 deg.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the annular wind box comprises a circular seam, and the primary gas distributed by the annular wind box vertically enters the secondary gasification furnace chamber downwards along the circular seam.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the secondary gasification furnace comprises a partition separating the secondary gasification furnace into a central zone and an insulating zone surrounding the central zone.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the primary gas which is passed into the secondary gasification furnace via the primary gas inlet is passed into the insulation zone, the secondary gasification agent which is passed into the secondary gasification furnace via the secondary gasification agent inlet and the hot semicoke which is passed into the secondary gasification furnace via the hot semicoke inlet are passed into the central zone.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the separation device is a horizontal separation device.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the staged gasification device further comprises a burner, the burner is positioned on the side wall of the secondary gasification furnace, and the position of the burner is higher than the position of the final gas outlet.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the number of the burners is multiple, and the multiple burners are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the primary gas inlet of the secondary gasification unit is located at the top of the secondary gasification unit, the hot semicoke inlet of the secondary gasification unit is located at the side wall of the secondary gasification unit, and the second gasifying agent inlet of the secondary gasification unit is located at the side wall of the secondary gasification unit.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a staged gasification method using the staged gasification apparatus according to any one of the preceding embodiments, the staged gasification method comprising:
a) Introducing the fuel and a first gasifying agent into a primary gasifying unit to carry out gasification reaction to generate a gas-solid mixture;
b) The gas-solid mixture at least partially realizes gas-solid separation through a separation device to form primary coal gas and hot semicoke; and
c) And introducing the primary coal gas and the hot semicoke into the secondary gasification unit through a primary coal gas inlet and a hot semicoke inlet which are separated from each other respectively, and reacting with a second gasification agent introduced into the secondary gasification unit to generate final coal gas and bottom slag.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second gasification agent fed to the secondary gasification unit is reacted with the hot semicoke first, and the product formed is reacted with the primary gas.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step c), the hot semicoke is introduced into the secondary gasification unit through a hot semicoke inlet provided at the top of the secondary gasification unit, the second gasification agent is introduced into the secondary gasification unit through a second gasification agent inlet provided at the top of the secondary gasification unit, and the primary gas is introduced into the secondary gasification unit through a primary gas inlet provided at a side wall of the secondary gasification unit.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gasification agent jet direction of the second gasification agent inlet opening into the secondary gasification unit forms an angle of less than 90 degrees with the side wall of the secondary gasification unit.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass of solids carried in the hot semicoke is between 70% and 95% of the mass of solids in the gas-solid mixture.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass of gas contained in the hot semicoke is less than 20% of the mass of gas in the gas-solid mixture.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step c), the reaction temperature of the hot semicoke and the second gasifying agent ranges from T2 to 100 ℃ < T1< T2+500 ℃, where T1 is the reaction temperature and T2 is the fuel ash softening temperature.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature range of the final gas is T2< T2, wherein T2 is the temperature range of the final gas and T2 is the fuel ash softening temperature.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first gasifying agent is air or oxygen or a mixture of air, oxygen and water vapor or both.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second gasifying agent is air or oxygen or a mixture of air, oxygen and steam or both.
According to the staged gasification device and the staged gasification method, products generated by the reaction of the primary gasification unit can be separated into primary coal gas and hot semicoke, and the primary coal gas and the hot semicoke are respectively introduced into different positions of the secondary gasification unit, so that incompletely reacted carbon generated by the primary gasification unit is intensively reacted with the second gasification agent, the carbon conversion is promoted, the reaction of the second gasification agent and the primary coal gas is reduced, and the problem of low gasification performance index in the prior art is solved. The hot semicoke contains certain gaseous substances, certain gas content in the hot semicoke is favorable for conveying the hot semicoke and quickly forming a high-temperature area, and the gas volume ratio is less than 20% so as to reduce effective gas (CH) generated in the primary gasification unit 4 、CO、H 2 Etc.) to improve system gasification performance. The second gasifying agent reacts with the hot semicoke firstly, and the generated product reacts with the primary gas, so that the gasification sensible heat generated by the reaction of the hot semicoke and the gasifying agent can be effectively utilized, the conversion of carbon in the semicoke carried in the primary gas and the cracking of tar can be promoted, the gasification performance can be improved, the tar in the primary gas can be reduced, and meanwhile, the temperature of the primary gas can be reduced, and the temperature of the wall surface of a secondary gasification furnace can be reduced, so that the complexity and the cost of a system can be reduced, and the operation stability of the system can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a staged gasification unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a staged gasification unit according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the annular windbox of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a staged gasification unit according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a staged gasification unit according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of the annular windbox of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a staged gasification unit according to example five of the present invention; and
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a staged gasification apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the invention will hereinafter be described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein like or similar designations denote like or similar elements. Furthermore, in the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in diagram form to simplify the drawing.
On the basis of the prior art, the inventor finds that in the staged gasification method, products generated by the reaction of the primary gasification unit are separated to form a first air flow and a second air flow, and then the first air flow and the second air flow are respectively sent to the secondary gasification unit for staged reaction, so that the gasification efficiency is favorably improved.
The product generated by the reaction of the first-stage gasification unit has low gas-solid separation efficiency before entering the second-stage gasification unit, so that a large amount of fly ash exists in the second gas flow, cannot react with a gasification agent or passes through a high-temperature reaction zone, and directly influences the gasification performance of the system, and especially has remarkable influence when the second-stage gasification unit is in the operation condition of solid slag discharge. In order to fully convert the carbon in the semi-coke generated by the primary gasification unit, a high-temperature environment is often required to be created in the secondary gasification unit, which greatly increases the cost of the equipment and the complexity of the post-system.
Therefore, the invention provides a novel grading gasification device and a grading gasification method.
According to the general inventive concept, there is provided a staged gasification apparatus including: a primary gasification unit; the separation device is arranged at the downstream of the primary gasification unit and communicated with the primary gasification unit; and the secondary gasification unit is arranged at the downstream of the separation device and communicated with the separation device, wherein the separation device is configured to at least partially realize gas-solid separation of products of the primary gasification unit to form primary gas and hot semicoke, and the secondary gasification unit comprises a primary gas inlet and a hot semicoke inlet which are separated from each other.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a staged gasification apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the staged gasification apparatus includes: a primary gasification unit 1; the separation device 2 is arranged at the downstream of the primary gasification unit 1, and is communicated with the primary gasification unit 1; and a secondary gasification unit 3, wherein the secondary gasification unit 3 is arranged at the downstream of the separation device 2 and is communicated with the separation device 2, the separation device 2 is configured to at least partially realize gas-solid separation of the product of the primary gasification unit 1 to form a primary gas E and a hot semicoke D, and the secondary gasification unit 3 comprises a primary gas inlet and a hot semicoke inlet which are separated from each other.
The primary gasification unit 1 comprises a fuel inlet, a first gasification agent inlet and a gas-solid mixture outlet; the separation device 2 comprises a material inlet, a primary coal gas outlet and a hot semicoke outlet; the secondary gasification unit 3 comprises a secondary gasification furnace 33, the primary gas inlet, the hot semicoke inlet, a second gasification agent inlet, a final gas outlet and a bottom slag outlet are arranged on the secondary gasification furnace 33, wherein the gas-solid mixture outlet of the primary gasification unit 1 is communicated with the material inlet of the separation device 2, the primary gas outlet of the separation device 2 is communicated with the primary gas inlet of the secondary gasification unit 3, and the hot semicoke outlet of the separation device 2 is communicated with the hot semicoke inlet of the secondary gasification unit 3. The primary gasification unit 1, the separation device 2 and the secondary gasification unit 3 are communicated with each other, the separation device 2 is a high-efficiency separation device, the separation efficiency of the gas-solid mixture C generated by the primary gasification unit 1 is more than 70%, the solid material outlet contains a certain amount of gas, and the mass of the gas is less than 20% of the mass of the gas in the gas-solid mixture C.
Advantageously, in the embodiment of fig. 1, the hot semicoke inlet is arranged upstream of the primary gas inlet in the flow direction of the gasification agent of the secondary gasification unit 3. Specifically, the hot semicoke inlet of the secondary gasification unit 3 is located at the top of the secondary gasification unit 3, the second gasifying agent inlet of the secondary gasification unit 3 is located at the top of the secondary gasification unit 3, and the primary coal gas inlet of the secondary gasification unit 3 is located at the side wall of the secondary gasification unit 3.
According to this embodiment, the staged gasification process comprises: a) Introducing a fuel B (taking coal as an example) and a first gasifying agent A into a primary gasification unit 1 to carry out gasification reaction to generate a gas-solid mixture C; b) The gas-solid mixture C at least partially realizes gas-solid separation through the separation device 2 to form primary coal gas E and hot semicoke D; and c) introducing the primary coal gas E and the hot semicoke D into the secondary gasification unit 3 through a primary coal gas inlet and a hot semicoke inlet which are separated from each other respectively, and reacting with a second gasification agent F introduced into the secondary gasification unit 2 to generate final coal gas G and bottom slag H.
Advantageously, the second gasification agent F introduced into the secondary gasification unit 2 reacts first with the hot semicoke D, the product thus formed then reacts with the primary gas E to form the final gas G and the bottom slag H, leaving the secondary gasification unit 3. Specifically, in step c), the hot semicoke D is introduced into the secondary gasification unit 3 through a hot semicoke inlet provided at the top of the secondary gasification unit 3, the second gasifying agent F is introduced into the secondary gasification unit 3 through a second gasifying agent inlet provided at the top of the secondary gasification unit 3, and the primary gas E is introduced into the secondary gasification unit 3 through a primary gas inlet provided at a side wall of the secondary gasification unit 3.
In a preferred embodiment, the second gasification agent inlet jet direction of the second gasification agent F which is introduced into the secondary gasification unit 3 forms an angle β of less than 90 degrees with the side wall of the secondary gasification unit 3.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass of the solids carried in the hot semicoke D is 70% -95% of the mass of the solids in the gas-solid mixture C, so that the incompletely reacted carbon carried by the gas-solid mixture C generated by the primary gasification unit 1 can be intensively reacted with the second gasification agent F to promote the conversion of the carbon.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass of gas contained in the hot char D is less than 20% of the mass of gas in the gas-solids mixture C. On one hand, the hot semicoke D contains gas, which is beneficial to conveying the hot semicoke and realizes rapid reaction with the second gasifying agent F (combustible gas contained in the gas can rapidly generate combustion reaction with the gasifying agent), so as to form a high-temperature zone; on the other hand, the gas volume ratio is less than 20 percent to reduce the combustible gas (CH) in the second gasifying agent F and the gas-solid mixture C 4 、CO、H 2 Etc.) to increase the reaction ratio of the second gasifying agent F and carbon, thereby improving the gasification performance of the system.
In the step c), the reaction temperature of the hot semicoke D and the second gasifying agent F is T2-100 ℃ < T1< T2+500 ℃, wherein T1 is the reaction temperature, T2 is the softening temperature of the fuel ash, and the high-temperature reaction promotes the conversion of carbon in the hot semicoke D.
The temperature range of the final gas G is T2<T2, wherein T2 is the temperature range of the final gas G, T2 is the softening temperature of the ash content of the fuel, the temperature of the reaction product of the second gasifying agent F and the hot semicoke D is high, the temperature of the primary gas E is relatively low, and the first gasifying agent F and the hot semicoke D are mixed to generate heat exchange and C + CO 2 →CO、C+H 2 O→CO+H 2 And methane decomposition, tar cracking and other endothermic reactions, further strengthen carbon conversion, reduce the tar content in the final gas, reduce the temperature T2 of the final gas G at the outlet of the secondary gasification unit 3, realize solid slag discharge and reduce the complexity and cost of the system.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first gasifying agent a is air or oxygen or a mixture of air, oxygen and water vapor or both; and/or the second gasifying agent F is air or oxygen or a mixture of air, oxygen and steam or the mixture of air, oxygen and steam.
In the first embodiment, the distance between the position of the primary gas inlet and the top of the secondary gasification unit 3 is 1/3-1/4 of the total height of the secondary gasification unit 3, and the position of the primary gas inlet is higher than that of the final gas outlet of the secondary gasification unit 3.
Further, the central axis of the primary gas inlet may form an angle of less than 90 degrees with the side wall of the secondary gasification unit 3. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the separation device 2 is a downward exhaust type cyclone separation device, so that the overall height of the system can be effectively reduced and the construction cost can be reduced while the separation efficiency is ensured.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of the primary gas inlets is plural, and an intersection point of extensions of central axes of the plural primary gas inlets is not lower than a position of the final gas outlet.
As shown in FIG. 1, the secondary gasification furnace 33 comprises two cylinder sections with unequal diameters, the diameter d1 of the upper cylinder section is smaller than the diameter d2 of the lower cylinder section, and the hot semicoke inlet and the second gasification agent inlet are arranged on the top of the upper cylinder section and the primary gas inlet is arranged on the lower cylinder section. In this way, on one hand, the section heat load of the hot semicoke and gasifying agent reaction zone can be improved, which is beneficial to the formation of a high-temperature zone, on the other hand, the gas flow velocity at the lower part of the hearth is reduced, the retention time of the solid semicoke brought into the hearth by the primary gas is prolonged, and the gasification reaction is strengthened.
Example two
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a staged gasification unit according to a second embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 is a top view of the annular windbox of FIG. 2. As shown in fig. 2-3, the staged gasification device further comprises an annular wind box 32, said annular wind box 32 being arranged between the primary gas outlet of the separation device 2 and the primary gas inlet of the secondary gasification unit 3 for distributing the primary gas. Specifically, the annular windbox 32 is disposed above the lower barrel section, and the primary gas inlet is disposed at the top of the lower barrel section, so that the primary gas E distributed through the annular windbox 32 enters the secondary gasification furnace 33 from the top of the lower barrel section.
The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the staged gasification device further comprises a burner 31, and the burner 31 is arranged at the top of the secondary gasification furnace chamber 33. The burner 31 is arranged on the top of the upper cylinder section, and the primary gas inlet is arranged on the top of the lower cylinder section.
The annular air box 32 is used for redistributing the primary gas E from the separation device 2, the primary gas E enters the secondary gasification furnace 33 in a multi-path manner and is close to the wall surface of the secondary gasification furnace 33, and the primary gas E with lower temperature surrounds the outer side of a high-temperature zone formed by the reaction of the second gasification agent F and the hot semicoke D through uniform distribution, so that the heat radiation of the high-temperature zone to the wall surface of the furnace is reduced, the temperature of the wall surface of the furnace is reduced, the wall surface of the furnace is protected, and the construction cost of the furnace is reduced. The burner 31 is located at the top of the furnace of the cylinder section (diameter is d 1) at the upper part of the secondary gasification furnace 33, the primary gas inlet is located at the top of the furnace of the cylinder section (diameter is d 2) at the upper part of the secondary gasification furnace 33, and the primary gas inlet is located at the upstream of the final gas outlet.
The primary gas E firstly enters the annular air box 32, then is redistributed by the annular air box to form the primary gas E, and enters the secondary gasification hearth 33 in multiple paths, so that the primary gas E with lower temperature surrounds the outer side of a high-temperature zone formed by the reaction of the second gasification agent F and the hot semicoke D, the heat radiation of the high-temperature zone to the hearth wall surface is reduced, the hearth wall surface temperature is reduced, the hearth wall surface is protected, and the hearth construction cost is reduced. The primary gas E formed after redistribution by the annular air box 32 enters the secondary gasification furnace 33 from the top of the furnace with the diameter D2, so that the position of the primary gas E entering the furnace 33 is lower than the position of the second gasification agent F and the hot semicoke D entering the furnace 33, and the combustible gas in the primary gas E is prevented from prematurely contacting with the second gasification agent F to generate an oxidation reaction.
As a further preferable scheme, the included angle between the central axis of the primary gas inlet and the top wall of the secondary gasification furnace 33 satisfies the following condition: alpha is more than or equal to 90 degrees and less than or equal to 135 degrees.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a staged gasification apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the annular windbox 32 is provided at the outer periphery of the lower cylinder section, and the primary gas inlet is provided at the sidewall of the lower cylinder section, so that the primary gas E distributed through the annular windbox 32 enters the secondary gasification furnace 33 from the sidewall of the lower cylinder section. Preferably, the included angle between the central axis of the primary gas inlet and the side wall of the secondary gasification furnace 33 satisfies: 0 DEG < delta.ltoreq.90 deg.
The third embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that: the primary gas E formed after redistribution by the annular windbox 32 enters the secondary gasification furnace 33 from the side wall of the furnace with the diameter D2, so that the high-temperature reaction area of the hot semicoke D and the second gasification agent F is enlarged, and the hot semicoke is fully reacted. Wherein, the intersection point of the extension lines of the central axes of the plurality of primary coal gas inlets is not lower than the position of the final coal gas outlet.
Example four
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a staged gasification apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a top view of the annular windbox of FIG. 5. As shown in FIGS. 5 to 6, the annular windbox 32 includes an annular gap, and the primary gas E distributed by the annular windbox 32 vertically flows downward along the annular gap into the secondary gasification furnace 33.
The fourth embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that: the primary gas outlet of the annular air box 32 is of a circular seam structure, and primary gas formed after distribution vertically and uniformly enters the secondary gasification furnace 33 downwards along the circular seam, so that the wall surface of the furnace is better protected.
EXAMPLE five
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a staged gasification device according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 7, the secondary gasification furnace 33 includes a partition 34, and the partition 34 divides the secondary gasification furnace 33 into a central region and an insulating region surrounding the central region. The primary gas E introduced into the secondary gasification furnace 33 through the primary gas inlet enters the heat insulation area, the second gasification agent F introduced into the secondary gasification furnace 33 through the second gasification agent inlet and the hot semicoke D introduced into the secondary gasification furnace 33 through the hot semicoke inlet enter the central area.
The fifth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: an independent heat insulation area and a central area are isolated in the secondary gasification furnace 33 through an annular partition plate 34, and the heat insulation area is positioned on the wall surface of the secondary gasification furnace 33 and surrounds the central area. The primary gas E enters the heat insulation area, the second gasifying agent F and the hot semicoke D enter the central area to react, heat conduction can be realized between the two areas without mass transfer, and therefore the wall surface of the secondary gasification hearth 33 is protected by the primary gas E, and meanwhile, the second gasifying agent F does not react with combustible gas in the primary gas E. The products generated by the reaction in the central area are merged with the primary gas E in the lower space of the secondary gasification furnace chamber 33.
EXAMPLE six
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a staged gasification device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 8, the staged gasification device includes a burner 31, the burner 31 is located on a side wall of a secondary gasification furnace 33, and the position of the burner 31 is higher than that of a final gas outlet; the number of the burners 31 is multiple, and the burners 31 are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction; a primary gas inlet of the secondary gasification unit 3 is positioned at the top of the secondary gasification unit 3, a hot semicoke inlet of the secondary gasification unit 3 is positioned on the side wall of the secondary gasification unit 3, and a second gasifying agent inlet of the secondary gasification unit 3 is positioned on the side wall of the secondary gasification unit 3; the separation device 2 is a horizontal separation device.
The sixth embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that: the separation device 2 is a horizontal separation device, so that the overall height of the system is further reduced; the burner 31 is positioned on the side wall of the secondary gasification furnace chamber 33 and is higher than the outlet of the final gas G; the number of the burners 31 is 2-20, and the burners are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction; thus, the primary gas E enters the hearth from the top of the secondary gasification hearth 33 along the axial direction, and directly passes through a high-temperature zone formed by the reaction of the hot semicoke D and the second gasification agent F, so that the reaction of carbon carried in the primary gas E can be promoted to the maximum extent, and the cracking of tar carried in the primary gas E is promoted.
According to the staged gasification device and the staged gasification method, the product generated by the reaction of the primary gasification unit can be separated into the primary coal gas and the hot semicoke which are respectively introduced into different positions of the secondary gasification unit, so that the incompletely reacted carbon generated by the primary gasification unit is intensively reacted with the second gasification agent, the carbon conversion is promoted, and the instable operation of the prior art equipment is avoidedAnd low gasification performance index. The hot semicoke contains certain gaseous substances, the certain gas content in the hot semicoke is helpful for conveying the hot semicoke and quickly forming a high-temperature zone, and the gas volume ratio is less than 20% so as to reduce the effective gas (CH) generated 4 、CO、H 2 Etc.) to improve system gasification performance. The gasification performance is improved and tar in the final gas is reduced by effectively utilizing the gasification sensible heat of the reaction of the hot semi-coke and the gasification agent, and simultaneously, the temperature of the final gas is reduced through the primary gas, and the temperature of the wall surface of the secondary gasification furnace hearth is reduced, so that the complexity and the cost of the system are reduced, and the operation stability of the system is improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. The scope of applicability of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
List of reference numerals:
1. first-stage gasification unit
2. Separating device
3. Two-stage gasification unit
31. Burner nozzle
32. Annular air box
33. Two-stage gasification hearth
34. Partition board
A first gasifying agent
B fuel
C gas-solid mixture
D hot semicoke
E primary gas
F second gasifying agent
G final gas
H, bottom slag.
Claims (14)
1. A staged gasification apparatus, comprising:
a primary gasification unit (1);
the separation device (2) is arranged at the downstream of the primary gasification unit (1), and is communicated with the primary gasification unit (1); and
a secondary gasification unit (3), wherein the secondary gasification unit (3) is arranged at the downstream of the separation device (2) and is communicated with the separation device (2),
wherein the separation device (2) is configured to at least partially effect a gas-solid separation of the product of the primary gasification unit (1), forming a raw gas (E) and a hot semicoke (D), and
wherein the secondary gasification unit (3) comprises a primary gas inlet and a hot semicoke inlet which are separated from each other; and
the secondary gasification furnace (33), the primary gas inlet, the hot semicoke inlet, the second gasification agent inlet, the final gas outlet and the bottom slag outlet are arranged on the secondary gasification furnace (33);
the secondary gasification furnace (33) comprises two cylinder sections with unequal diameters, the diameter of the cylinder section positioned at the upper part is smaller than that of the cylinder section positioned at the lower part, the hot semicoke inlet and the second gasification agent inlet are arranged at the top of the cylinder section positioned at the upper part, and the primary coal gas inlet is arranged on the cylinder section positioned at the lower part; or
The secondary gasification furnace hearth (33) comprises a partition plate (34), the partition plate (34) divides the secondary gasification furnace hearth (33) into a central area and an insulating area surrounding the central area, primary gas E which is introduced into the secondary gasification furnace hearth (33) through the primary gas inlet enters the insulating area, a second gasifying agent F which is introduced into the secondary gasification furnace hearth (33) through the second gasifying agent inlet and hot semicoke D which is introduced into the secondary gasification furnace hearth (33) through the hot semicoke inlet enter the central area.
2. The staged gasification device of claim 1, wherein:
the primary gasification unit (1) comprises a fuel inlet, a first gasification agent inlet and a gas-solid mixture outlet;
the separation device (2) comprises a material inlet, a primary coal gas outlet and a hot semicoke outlet;
wherein, the gas-solid mixture outlet of the primary gasification unit (1) is communicated with the material inlet of the separation device (2), the primary coal gas outlet of the separation device (2) is communicated with the primary coal gas inlet of the secondary gasification unit (3), and the hot semicoke outlet of the separation device (2) is communicated with the hot semicoke inlet of the secondary gasification unit (3).
3. The staged gasification device of claim 1, wherein: the hot semicoke inlet of the secondary gasification unit (3) is positioned at the top of the secondary gasification unit (3), the second gasification agent inlet of the secondary gasification unit (3) is positioned at the top of the secondary gasification unit (3), and the primary coal gas inlet of the secondary gasification unit (3) is positioned on the side wall of the secondary gasification unit (3).
4. The staged gasification device of claim 1, wherein: the staged gasification device further comprises an annular air box (32), wherein the annular air box (32) is arranged between the primary gas outlet of the separation device (2) and the primary gas inlet of the secondary gasification unit (3) and is used for distributing primary gas.
5. The staged gasification device of claim 4, wherein: the annular wind box (32) is arranged above the cylinder section at the lower part, and the primary gas inlet is arranged at the top of the cylinder section at the lower part, so that the primary gas (E) distributed by the annular wind box (32) enters the secondary gasification furnace (33) from the top of the cylinder section at the lower part.
6. The staged gasification device of claim 1, wherein: the staged gasification device further comprises a burner (31), and the burner (31) is arranged at the top of the secondary gasification furnace (33).
7. The staged gasification device of claim 4, wherein: the annular wind box (32) is arranged on the periphery of the cylinder section at the lower part, and the primary gas inlet is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder section at the lower part, so that the primary gas (E) distributed by the annular wind box (32) enters the secondary gasification furnace chamber (33) from the side wall of the cylinder section at the lower part.
8. A staged gasification method using the staged gasification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the staged gasification method comprises:
a) Introducing the fuel (B) and the first gasifying agent (A) into the primary gasifying unit (1) to carry out gasification reaction to generate a gas-solid mixture (C);
b) The gas-solid mixture (C) at least partially realizes gas-solid separation through the separation device (2) to form primary coal gas (E) and hot semicoke (D); and
c) And (3) introducing the primary coal gas (E) and the hot semicoke (D) into the secondary gasification unit (3) through a primary coal gas inlet and a hot semicoke inlet which are separated from each other, and reacting with a second gasification agent (F) introduced into the secondary gasification unit (3) to generate final coal gas (G) and bottom slag (H).
9. The staged gasification process of claim 8, wherein: the second gasifying agent (F) introduced into the secondary gasifying unit (3) reacts with the hot semicoke (D) first, and the generated product reacts with the primary coal gas (E).
10. The staged gasification process of claim 8, wherein: in step c), the hot semicoke (D) is introduced into the secondary gasification unit (3) through a hot semicoke inlet arranged at the top of the secondary gasification unit (3), the second gasification agent (F) is introduced into the secondary gasification unit (3) through a second gasification agent inlet arranged at the top of the secondary gasification unit (3), and the primary gas (E) is introduced into the secondary gasification unit (3) through a primary gas inlet arranged at the side wall of the secondary gasification unit (3).
11. The staged gasification process of claim 8, wherein: the mass of the solid carried in the hot semicoke (D) is 70-95% of the mass of the solid in the gas-solid mixture (C).
12. The staged gasification process of claim 8, wherein: the mass of the gas contained in the hot semicoke (D) is less than 20% of the mass of the gas in the gas-solid mixture (C).
13. The staged gasification process of claim 8, wherein: in step C), the reaction temperature of the hot semicoke (D) and the second gasifying agent (F) is in the range of T2-100 ℃ to < T1< T2+500 ℃, wherein T1 is the reaction temperature and T2 is the fuel ash softening temperature.
14. The staged gasification process of claim 8, wherein: the temperature range of the final gas (G) is T2< T2, wherein T2 is the temperature range of the final gas (G), and T2 is the softening temperature of the fuel ash.
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| JP2011105890A (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-06-02 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology | Circulating fluidized bed gasification reactor |
| CN109609190A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-12 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of refuse gasification and tar catalytic gasification device |
| CN111500319A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-07 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Preheating type gasification device and preheating type gasification method |
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| JP5483058B2 (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2014-05-07 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Circulating fluidized bed gasifier structure |
| US8383871B1 (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2013-02-26 | Brian G. Sellars | Method of hydrogasification of biomass to methane with low depositable tars |
| CN102465043B (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2013-07-31 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Multi-section fractional pyrolysis gasification device and method for solid fuel |
| CN107286993B (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2023-07-18 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Variable cross-section circulating fluidized bed gasification device and gasification method |
| WO2019029458A1 (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-02-14 | 山东大学 | Pulverized coal gasification device and process for producing high calorific value gas with low residual carbon amount |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011105890A (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-06-02 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology | Circulating fluidized bed gasification reactor |
| CN109609190A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-12 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of refuse gasification and tar catalytic gasification device |
| CN111500319A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-07 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Preheating type gasification device and preheating type gasification method |
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