CN114105982A - 基于萘酰亚胺的近红外染料、其制备及应用 - Google Patents
基于萘酰亚胺的近红外染料、其制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及基于萘酰亚胺的近红外染料、其制备及应用。本发明具体涉及下式A所示的化合物,式中,R1、R2、R4‑R6、n和m如文中所述。可利用式A化合物制备得到本发明式I、II和III所示的基于萘酰亚胺的近红外染料。本发明的基于萘酰亚胺的近红外染料可用于荧光成像、荧光探针、光声成像、光动力治疗、光热治疗等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于精细化工领域,具体涉及基于萘酰亚胺的近红外染料、其制备及应用。
背景技术
染料被广泛应用在光催化、光电材料、分析检测、临床诊断等方面,是化学、材料科学、环境科学和生物医学研究中不可或缺的工具。小分子染料对于化学生物学来说更是不可缺少,在分子标签、酶底物标记以及细胞染色中都有普遍应用。
近红外染料一般是指在近红外区域(650-900nm)吸收激发光并发出荧光的物质。近年来,近红外染料在夜视技术、荧光成像、生化分析、隔热涂层和医学诊断等领域的应用日益广泛。其中近红外染料作为显像剂应用时具有生物分子自身荧光干扰小、组织穿透深度较深以及活体的光毒性较小等优势。常用的近红外染料在很大程度上局限于一些传统的近红外荧光团,如菁染料、方酸染料和BODIPY类等。但是这些染料也都普遍存在一些缺陷,如光稳定性差、水溶性差等。并且大多数传统近红外染料通常没有光学可调节基团,因此在利用这些染料设计传感器时往往需要通过复杂的构建,从而造成合成的困难。
与近红外染料相比,可见光区染料由于其广泛的光学可调节机制而被用于构建荧光传感器。如经典的萘酰亚胺染料具有量子产率高、荧光发射波长适中、易于修饰、斯托克斯位移大以及光热稳定性好等优点,广泛应用于荧光染料、荧光增白剂、抗肿瘤先导化合物等领域。基于萘酰亚胺母核进行修饰的工作有许多报道,但大部分工作都集中在提高染料的亮度和稳定性,并没有将萘酰亚胺的吸收发射波长延长至近红外区域。
发明内容
本发明提供一种染料整合策略,设计合成了一类基于萘酰亚胺的新型近红外染料,可用于荧光成像、荧光探针、光声成像、光动力治疗、光热治疗等领域。
本发明第一方面提供下式A所示的化合物:
式中:
n为0-16的整数;且当n为0时,R1为-[(CH2)p-O]q-H,其中,p为1-6的整数,q为1-4的整数;当n为1-16的整数时,R1为H、羟基、氨基、巯基、醛基、羧基、磺酸基或生物靶向基团;
R2为氢、羧基、磺酸基或生物靶向基团;
R4和R5各自独立为H或C1-C4烷基;
R6为C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基或C2-C6炔基;
m为1-6的整数。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R1为H。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R2为磺酸基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R4和R5各自独立为C1-C4烷基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R6为C1-C6烷基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,n为2-6的整数。
在一个或多个实施方案中,m为2-4的整数。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述式A化合物为:
式中,R1、R2、n和m如前文任一实施方案所述。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述式A化合物为:
本发明第二方面提供下式I、II或III所示结构的化合物:
式中:
各n为0-16的整数;且当n为0时,各R1独立为-[(CH2)p-O]q-H,其中,p为 1-6的整数,q为1-4的整数;当n为1-16的整数时,各R1独立为H、羟基、氨基、巯基、醛基、羧基、磺酸基或生物靶向基团;
各R2独立为氢、羧基、磺酸基或生物靶向基团;
各L独立为C2-C6亚烯基或C2-C6亚炔基;
M不存在,或者为C1-C6亚烷基、C2-C6亚烯基或C2-C6亚炔基;
各R3独立为含有生色基团和任选的助色基团的基团;
R4和R5各自独立为H或C1-C4烷基;
R7为硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、氰基、磺酸基或卤素;
R8为卤素;
各m独立为1-6的整数。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R1为H。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R2为磺酸基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,L为C2-C4亚烯基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,M不存在,或为C1-C4亚烷基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R3为含有选自C=C-C=C、C=O、-COOH、C=C、 Ph-、-NO2、-CONH2和-COCl的生色基团和任选的选自-X、-OH、-OR、-NH2和- NRaRb的助色基团的基团;其中,X为卤素,R、Ra和Rb各自独立为C1-C4烷基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R4和R5各自独立为C1-C4烷基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R6为C1-C6烷基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,n为2-6的整数。
在一个或多个实施方案中,m为2-4的整数。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R7为硝基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R8为氯。
在一个或多个实施方案中,R3选自:
其中,*表示R3与L连接的位置。
在式I的一个或多个实施方案中,n为1-6的整数,R1为H,m为1-6的整数,R2为磺酸基,R4为甲基,R5为甲基,R3选自:
其中,*表示R3与L连接的位置。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述式I化合物选自:
在式II的一个或多个实施方案中,n为1-6的整数,R1为H,m为1-6的整数,R2为磺酸基,R4为甲基,R5为甲基,R7为硝基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,式II化合物为:
在式III的一个或多个实施方案中,各n独立为1-6的整数,R1为H,各m独立为1-6的整数,各R2为磺酸基,各R4为甲基,各R5为甲基,L为C2-C4亚烯基,M不存在或为C1-C4亚烷基。
在一个或多个实施方案中,式III化合物为:
本发明第三方面提供一种药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物含有本文任一实施方案所述的式I、II和/或III所示的化合物和药学上可接受的载体。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述药物组合物还含有抗癌药。
本发明第四方面提供一种纳米制剂,所述纳米制剂包含装载有本文任一实施方案所述的式I、II和/或III所示的化合物和药物的介孔有机氧化硅纳米颗粒。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述介孔有机氧化硅颗粒含有堵孔剂。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述堵孔剂为月桂酸和硬脂酸。
本发明第五方面提供本文任一实施方案所述的式I、II和/或III所示的化合物在细胞染色或成像中的应用,在荧光传感中的应用,或在制备细胞染色或成像试剂、荧光传感试剂或活体成像试剂中的应用,或在制备光控释放的药物中的应用,或在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用,或在制备光治疗试剂中的应用,或在制备用于肿瘤的光动力治疗或光热治疗用的试剂中的应用,或在制备用于近红外超分辨成像试剂中的应用,或在检测细胞粘度和/或其变化中的应用,或在制备通过细胞粘度和/或其变化而诊断疾病的检测试剂中的应用。
附图说明
图1为化合物1归一化的吸收发射光谱图,黑色线为吸收曲线,红色线为发射曲线。
图2为化合物2归一化的吸收发射光谱图,黑色线为吸收曲线,红色线为发射曲线。
图3为化合物5归一化的吸收发射光谱图,黑色线为吸收曲线,红色线为发射曲线。
图4为化合物7归一化的吸收发射光谱图,黑色线为吸收曲线,红色线为发射曲线。
图5为化合物1、化合物2、化合物5、化合物7的细胞毒性测试图。
图6为化合物1、化合物2、化合物5的细胞染色图。
图7为化合物1的荧光强度随着粘度的增加而变化的图。(a)化合物1分别在PBS和甘油中的吸收光谱;(b)化合物1的荧光光谱随溶液粘度的变化(PBS/甘油体系)。
图8为10μM星形孢菌素(STS)刺激或不刺激细胞后,再用5μM化合物 1染色的共聚焦图,其中:(a)L929,(b)HepG2,(c)Hela,(d)Raw 264.7细胞。
图9为化合物1染色的活体荧光图像。其中:(a)膝关节注射化合物1(1mg/ mL,10μL)后实时监测RA小鼠关节积液荧光强度随着时间变化图。(b)Image-J 计算得到的不同时间点化合物1的相对荧光强度。
图10为化合物2的荧光强度随着粘度的增加而变化的图。(a)化合物2分别在PBS和甘油中的吸收光谱;(b)化合物2的荧光光谱随溶液粘度的变化(PBS/甘油体系)。
图11为10μM星形孢菌素(STS)刺激或不刺激细胞后,再用5μM化合物 2染色的共聚焦图,其中:(a)HepG2,(b)Raw 264.7细胞。
图12为化合物2染色的活体荧光图像。其中:(a)尾静脉注射化合物2后对照组(左)和实验组(右)肝脏的活体成像图;(b)Image-J计算得到对照组和实验组肝脏部位的相对荧光强度。
图13为化合物4在开环和关环形式下的吸收发射光谱图。
图14为化合物7的光热测试图。化合物7在不同浓度(a)和不同激光功率密度(b)下PBS溶液的温度曲线变化图。
图15为化合物7的单线态氧测试图。单线态氧指示剂DPBF在410nm处的吸光度随880nm激光照射时间的变化图。
图16为纳米制剂的NBD&ML@RMON制备合成图。
图17为纳米制剂的细胞毒性测试图。HepG2细胞分别与不同浓度的纳米粒子 NBD@RMON、ML@RMON和NBD&ML@RMON孵育后的在光照条件(a)和(b) 黑暗条件下的细胞活力。
图18为纳米制剂的肿瘤抑制图。(a)实验设计的方案示意图。(b)不同纳米制剂处理HepG2荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤体积生长曲线。
具体实施方式
本文中,烷基或烷基链可含有1-16碳原子,例如1-6个碳原子、2-4个碳原子、 2-6个原子等。烷基或烷基链可以为直连和支链。亚烷基指-(CH2)a-,a为1-16的整数。在一些实施方案中,a为2-6或2-4的整数。
本文中,烯基或烯基链可含有2-10个碳原子和1-3个碳碳双键。在一些实施方案中,烯基或烯基链含有2-6个碳原子和1或2个碳碳双键。在一些个实施方案中,烯基或烯基链含有2-4个碳原子和1个碳碳双键。亚烯基指含有2-10个碳原子和1-3个碳碳双键的二价烯基。在一些实施方案中,亚烯基是含有2-4个碳原子和1个碳碳双键的二价烯基。亚烯基的例子包括-CH=CH-、-CH=CH-CH2-、-CH2- CH=CH-CH2-、-CH=CH-CH=CH-等。
本文中,炔基或炔基链可含有2-10个碳原子和1-3个碳碳三键。在一些实施方案中,炔基或炔基链含有2-6个碳原子和1或2个碳碳三键。在一些个实施方案中,炔基或炔基链含有2-4个碳原子和1个碳碳三键。亚炔基指含有2-10个碳原子和1-3个碳碳三键的二价炔基。在一些实施方案中,亚炔基是含有2-4个碳原子和1个碳碳三键的二价炔基。亚炔基的例子包括-C≡C-、-C≡C-CH2-、-CH2-C≡C- CH2-等。
本文中,卤素包括氟、氯、溴和碘。
本文中,“生物靶向基团”指能靶向或定位感兴趣的目标的基团。这类基团包括但不限于溶酶体定位基吗啉基、线粒体定位基三苯基磷和IRGD、以及叶酸等。应理解,靶向基团与本发明式A和I中的亚烷基的连接方式应不影响到靶向基团自身所具备的靶向功能。通常,生物靶向基团可通过氨基与羧基缩合或氨基烷基的方式与所述亚烷基相连。
本文中,“给电子基团”也称为“供电子基团”,通常指当该基团取代苯环上的氢后,导致苯环上电子密度相对原来升高的基团。合适的给电子基团包括但不限于烷基、氨基、羟基、烷氧基等。
本文中,生色基团或生色团指分子中含有的能对光辐射产生吸收、具有跃迁的不饱和基团及其相关的化学键。示例性的生色团包括C=C-C=C、C=O、-COOH、 C=C、Ph-、-NO2、-CONH2和-COCl中的一种或多种。
本文中,助色基团或助色团指本身在200nm以上不产生吸收,但其存在能增强生色团的生色能力(改变分子的吸收位置和增加吸收强度)的一类基团。示例性的助色团包括-X、-OH、-OR、-NH2和-NRaRb的助色基团的基团;其中,X为卤素, R、Ra和Rb各自独立为C1-C4烷基。
本发明所述的含有生色基团和任选的助色基团的基团R3通常衍生自常用的染料分子,即该基团是染料分子去掉1个氢原子后所形成的基团。应理解,染料分子与本发明式I的L的连接位置可由本领域技术人员根据反应的便利性以及对染料分析发射吸收能力的影响程度等因素综合考虑进行选择。
示例性的染料包括但不限于偶氮染料、花青染料、三苯基甲烷染料、氧杂蒽染料、酞菁染料、萘醌染料、醌亚胺染料、次甲基染料、偶氮甲碱染料、方酸鎓盐染料、吖啶染料、苯乙烯基染料、香豆素染料、喹啉染料及硝基染料等。
在一些实施方案中,染料是香豆素,包括7-二乙基氨基-4-甲基香豆素、7-羟基 4-甲基香豆素、酮基香豆素和羰基双香豆素等。在一些实施方案中,染料是芳香族 2-羟基酮(如二苯甲酮)、苯乙酮、蒽醌、氧杂蒽酮、氟硼吡咯、半菁、硫杂蒽酮及苯乙酮缩酮等。
在一些实施方案中,R3来自以下染料分子:
这些染料分子通过醛基与式A的R6反应形成C2-C6亚烯基或C2-C6亚炔基,从而连接到式A的萘酰亚胺部分,形成式I所示的化合物。
本发明式A化合物的示例性制备方法可包括:
(1)由4-溴-1,8萘酐与H2N-(CH2)n-R1反应,制备得到下式ML-1所示的化合物:
(2)使式ML-1所示的化合物与水合肼反应,获得下式ML-2所示的化合物:
(3)使式ML-2所示的化合物与3-甲基-2-丁酮反应,获得下式ML-3所示的化合物:
(4)使式ML-3所示的化合物与丙磺酸内酯等试剂反应,制备得到式ML-4所示的化合物:
上述步骤(1)中,可将4-溴-1,8萘酐溶于适量的无水乙醇中,加热回流使其溶解后,缓慢滴加2-5当量的H2N-(CH2)n-R1,在70-90℃(如约80℃)加热回流6- 15小时(如10-12小时),冷却至室温后抽滤洗涤,可获得式ML-1化合物。
上述步骤(2)中,可将ML-1所示的化合物溶解于适量的乙二醇单甲醚中,加入1-3当量(如约1.5当量)的水合肼(60-80%)。惰性气体(如氩气)保护下,在120-140℃(如约130℃)反应2-5小时(如3小时)。反应结束后,冷却至室温,抽滤洗涤,可获得式ML-2所示的化合物。
上述步骤(3)中,可将式ML-2所示的化合物溶解于适量乙酸中,加入1.5-2 当量的3-甲基-2-丁酮,120-130℃(如约125℃)下反应6-15小时(如10-12小时),浓缩后分离,可得到式ML-3所示的化合物。根据不同的R4和R5基团可选择合适的反应物替换3-甲基-2-丁酮。例如,当R4为H、R5为甲基时,相应的反应物为 2-丁酮;当R4为H,R5为H时,相应的反应物为丙酮。
上述步骤(4)中,可将式ML-3所示的化合物溶解于1,2-二氯苯中,加入2-5 当量的1,3-丙磺酸内酯(或根据-(CH2)m-R2,选择合适的反应原料,如碘甲烷、碘乙烷、1,4-丁磺酸内酯、溴乙酸、3-溴丙酸、4-溴丁酸、6-溴己酸等试剂),在合适的反应温度下(如160-180℃)反应合适的时间,如15-25小时,然后分离获得式 ML-4所示的化合物。
上述式ML-1、ML-2、ML-3和ML-4中,R1、R2、n和m如本文任一实施方案所述。
在制备式I化合物时,示例性的方法包括,将式ML-4所述的化合物与含有醛基的染料分子溶于合适的溶剂(如乙酸/醋酸酐),在合适的温度下(如115-130℃) 反应一段时间(如6-15小时),最终分离得到式I化合物。
可采用类似的方法制备式II和III的化合物。
本文中,可采用本领域常规的分离手段进行分离,如浓缩柱层析。
本发明式I、II和III所示的化合物具有光热和光动力活性,其本身可作为光治疗试剂用于肿瘤治疗。在一些实施方案中,本发明提供一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物含有本文任一实施方案所述的式I、II和/或III所示的化合物和药学上可接受的载体。在一些实施方案中,本发明还提供疾病治疗方法,尤其是肿瘤治疗方法,该方法包括给予需要的对象治疗有效量的本发明式I、II和/或III所示的化合物或其药物组合物。本文中,对象包括哺乳动物,尤其指人。
在一些实施方案中,由于其光热活性,本发明式I、II和III所示的化合物可用作控制药物释放的开关,用于制备控释药物。该控释药物可含有本文任一实施方案所述的式I、II和/或III所示的化合物、药物和相变材料,以任选的药学上可接受的载体。该药物可以是任何需要在特定位置(如病灶)发挥其治疗或预防功能的药物,包括但不限于抗肿瘤药物、抗炎药等。使用这类控释药物时,给予病灶部位施与光照,受光激发的本发明式I、II和/或III所示的化合物将产生热量,将封住药物的相变材料熔化而使药物在病灶部位释放。相变材料可以是本领域常规用于控释药物的相变材料,如月桂酸和硬脂酸。光照的波长可根据所使用的式I化合物为 650-1100nm的光,功率密度可以是例如0.2-2W/cm2。在一些实施方案中,本发明的控释药物为一种纳米制剂,其包含装载有本文任一实施方案所述的式I、II和/或 III所示的化合物和药物的介孔有机氧化硅纳米颗粒。该介孔有机氧化硅纳米颗粒用相变材料如月桂酸和硬脂酸堵孔。当将该纳米制剂递送至病灶部位后,施与光照,受光激发的本发明式I、II和/或III所示的化合物将产生热量,将相变材料熔化而使药物从介孔有机氧化硅纳米颗粒中释放出来。在优选的实施方案中,本发明的控释药物或纳米制剂中含有本发明式III所示的化合物。在一些实施方案中,所述式 III化合物是本发明的化合物7。在一些实施方案中,本发明还提供疾病治疗方法,尤其是肿瘤治疗方法,该方法包括给予需要的对象治疗有效量的本发明的控制药物,然后对对象的病灶部位施与光照的步骤。本文中,对象包括哺乳动物,尤其指人。
本文中,“药学上可接受的”是指不影响本发明化合物的生物活性或性质的物质(如载体、稀释剂、赋形剂等),并且相对无毒,即该物质可施用于个体而不造成不良的生物反应或以不良方式与组合物中包含的任意组分相互作用。
本文中,“药学上可接受的载体”包括但不限于任何被相关的政府管理部门许可为可接受供人类或家畜使用的佐剂、赋形剂、助流剂、增甜剂、稀释剂、防腐剂、染料/着色剂、矫味剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂、分散剂、助悬剂、稳定剂、等渗剂、溶剂或乳化剂。
本文中,“预防”和“防止”包括使病患减少疾病或病症的发生或恶化的可能性。“治疗”和其它类似的同义词包括以下含义:(i)预防疾病或病症在哺乳动物中出现,特别是当这类哺乳动物易患有该疾病或病症,但尚未被诊断为已患有该疾病或病症时;(ii)抑制疾病或病症,即遏制其发展;(iii)缓解疾病或病症,即,使该疾病或病症的状态消退;或者(iv)减轻该疾病或病症所造成的症状。
药物组合物中可含有有效量的式I、II和/或III所示的化合物,或药物组合物本身有效量的方式施用。本文中,“有效量”、“治疗有效量”或“药学有效量”是指服用后足以在某种程度上缓解所治疗的疾病或病症的一个或多个症状的至少一种药剂或化合物的量。其结果可以为迹象、症状或病因的消减和/或缓解,或生物系统的任何其它所需变化。例如,用于治疗的“有效量”是在临床上提供显著的病症缓解效果所需的包含本文公开化合物的组合物的量。可使用诸如剂量递增试验的技术测定适合于任意个体病例中的有效量。
本文中,肿瘤包括实体瘤和血液肿瘤。恶性肿瘤称为癌症。在一些实施方案中,本文所述的肿瘤或癌症包括但不限于肝癌、黑素瘤、霍奇金病、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、急性淋巴白血病、慢性淋巴白血病、多发性骨髓瘤、成神经细胞瘤、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、维尔姆斯瘤、子宫颈癌、睾丸癌、软组织肉瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、原发性巨球蛋白血症、膀胱癌、慢性粒细胞白血病、原发性脑癌、恶性黑素瘤、非小细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、恶性胰腺胰岛瘤、恶性类癌性癌症、恶性黑素瘤、绒毛膜癌、蕈樣肉芽腫、头颈癌、骨原性肉瘤、胰腺癌、急性粒细胞白血病、毛细胞白血病、横纹肌肉瘤、卡波西肉瘤、泌尿生殖系统肿瘤、甲状腺癌、食管癌、恶性高钙血症、子宫颈增生症、肾细胞癌、子宫内膜癌、真性红细胞增多症、特发性血小板增多症、肾上腺皮质癌、皮肤癌和前列腺癌等。
本文所述的疾病还包括本领域周知的其它疾病,例如炎症和自身免疫疾病等。可将本发明的控释药物递送至炎症部位,通过光照而精准控制抗炎药的释放。在一些实施方案中,所述疾病是风湿性关节炎和类风湿性关节炎。
本文所用术语“服用”、“施用”、“给药”等是指能够将化合物、药物组合物或药物递送到进行生物作用的所需位点的方法。这些方法包括但不限于口服途径、经十二指肠途径、胃肠外注射(包括静脉内、皮下、腹膜内、肌内、动脉内注射或输注)、局部给药和经直肠给药。本领域技术人员熟知可用于本文所述化合物和方法的施用技术,例如在Goodman andGilman,The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,current ed.;Pergamon;andRemington’s,Pharmaceutical Sciences(current edition),Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pa中讨论的那些。在优选的实施方案中,本文讨论的化合物和组合物通过胃肠外注射。
本发明的式I、II和III化合物具有细胞染色能力,且对细胞没有明显毒性。因此,在一些实施方案中,本发明提供本文任一实施方案所述的式I、II和/或III化合物在细胞染色或成像中的应用,在荧光传感中的应用,或在制备细胞染色或成像试剂、荧光传感试剂或活体成像试剂中的应用。在一些实施方案中,本发明提供一种细胞染色或成像方法,包括使用本文任一实施方案所述的式I、II和/或III化合物与细胞共同孵育的步骤。通常,本文任一实施方案所述的式I、II和/或III化合物的浓度不高于50μM。孵育时间可根据具体的实验条件由本领域技术人员确定。孵育结束后,可通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜进行成像拍摄。在特别优选的实施方案中,使用本文所示的式I和/或式III的化合物进行细胞染色和/或成像。
本发明的式I、II和III化合物对粘度具有较好的响应,表现出灵敏的粘度检测能力。本发明化合物的荧光强度随着粘度的增加而增强。因此,在一些实施方案中,本发明提供本文任一实施方案所述的式I、II和/或III化合物在检测细胞粘度和/或其变化中的应用,或在制备用于检测细胞粘度和/或其变化的检测试剂中的应用。在一些实施方案中,本发明提供检测细胞粘度和/或其变化的方法,该方法包括使用本文任一实施方案所述的式I、II和/或III化合物孵育细胞并检测荧光强度的步骤。应理解,当检测粘度变化时,可在孵育后定期检测荧光强度。
在一些实施方案中,检测细胞粘度和/或其变化可检测细胞凋亡。因此,在这些实施方案中,本发明提供本文任一实施方案所述的式I、II和/或III化合物在检测细胞凋亡中的应用,或在制备用于检测细胞凋亡的试剂中的应用,以及检测细胞凋亡的方法,包括使用所述化合物孵育细胞并检测荧光强度的步骤。该方法中,通过比较正常细胞和凋亡细胞在一定检测波长的检测条件下的荧光强度来观察细胞凋亡过程中微环境粘度的变化。与正常细胞相比,目标细胞荧光强度增强,表明其为凋亡细胞。本发明的化合物可以实现不同种类细胞凋亡引起的粘度变化的监测。
在一些实施方案中,检测细胞粘度和/或其变化可以诊断疾病。因此,在这些实施方案中,本发明提供本文任一实施方案所述的式I、II和/或III化合物在制备诊断试剂中的应用。在一些具体的实施方案中,所述疾病是类风湿性关节炎。在另外一些实施方案中,所述疾病是肝脏疾病,如肝炎。可通过检测患病组织内的细胞或积液的荧光强度和/或其变化,和/或与正常组织或积液的荧光强度对比来进行诊断。
在一些实施方案中,本发明式II化合物具有开关环性质。因此,在这些实施方案中,本发明提供本发明式II化合物在近红外超分辨成像中的应用,或在制备近红外超分辨成像试剂中的应用。在一些实施方案中,本发明提供一种近红外超分辨成像方法,使用本发明式II化合物与细胞共孵育后施与光照,进行光激活点亮,实现单分子超分辨成像。在一些实施方案中,本发明式III化合物具有亚稳态,可用于SIM超分辨成像。因此,在这些实施方案中,可使细胞与本发明式III化合物共孵育,然后在超分辨光学成像仪器中成像,如此可观察细胞的精细结构。
下文将以具体实施例的方式阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅仅是阐述性的,并不意图限制本发明的范围。实施例中所用的材料和试剂以及检测方法,除非另有说明,否则均为本领域常规的材料和试剂以及常规的检测方法。
实施例一
ML-5-1的合成:无水条件下,在25mL的双口烧瓶中,氩气保护下加入4mL 的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),4mL的三氯氧磷(POCl3),于60℃下反应30分钟后,产生猩红色粘稠液体。将商业购买的7-(二乙氨基)香豆素(0.80g,3.68mmol) 溶解于15mL的无水DMF中,取粘稠液体2.3mL缓慢滴加,70℃反应1小时后,TLC跟踪反应完全,冷却至室温后倒入冰水中,NaOH调节pH约7,析出大量黄色固体后抽滤,收集滤饼并用冰水洗涤,于红外烘箱烘干,得到黄色固体0.78 g,收率86%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ10.12(s,1H),8.24(s,1H),7.40(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.63(dd,J=9.0,2.4Hz,1H),6.48(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),3.47(q,J=7.1Hz,4H), 1.25(t,J=7.1Hz,6H)。
ML-1的合成:将4-溴-1,8-萘酐(2.00g,528mmol)溶于130mL乙醇溶液中,加热回流约1小时后,缓慢滴加正丁胺(4mL),80℃加热回流约10小时。冷却至室温后抽滤,收集滤饼并用乙醇洗涤,得到白色固体1.60g,收率67%。1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.62(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.52(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.38(d,J=7.6 Hz,1H),8.01(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.82(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.16(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.75- 1.68(m,2H),1.50-1.40(m,2H),0.98(t,J=8.0Hz,3H)。
ML-2的合成:将ML-1(2.00g,6.02mmol)溶于40mL乙二醇单甲醚溶液中,加入80%水合肼(1mL),130℃反应3小时,冷却至室温抽滤洗涤,得到黄色固体 1.53g,收率90%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.10(s,1H),8.60(d,J=8.4Hz, 1H),8.40(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.28(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.63(dd,J=8.0Hz,8.0Hz,1H), 7.24(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),4.66(s,2H),4.01(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.62-1.55(m,2H),1.38- 1.29(m,2H),0.92(t,J=7.6Hz,3H)。
ML-3的合成:将ML-2(2g,7.06mmol)溶解于50mL醋酸中,加入3-甲基- 2-丁酮4mL,125℃反应10小时后,减压蒸除溶剂。柱层析分离(纯二氯甲烷)得到橙色固体1.2g,收率51%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.87(d,J=8.3Hz,1H), 8.61(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.58(s,1H),7.80(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.19(t,J=8Hz,2H),2.47 (s,3H),1.76-1.59(m,2H),1.57-1.38(m,8H),0.97(t,J=7.4Hz,3H)。
ML-4的合成:将ML-3(5g,14.95mmol)溶于3mL 1,2-二氯苯,加入1,3-丙磺酸内酯(9.13g,74.76mmol),170℃反应20小时,快速柱层析分离得到黄棕色固体,直接用于下一步。或将化合物ML-3(5g,14.95mmol)加入微波管中,加入 1,3-丙磺酸内酯(9.13g,74.76mmol),150℃微波反应0.5小时,快速柱层析分离得到ML-4。
化合物1的合成:将上一步得到的化合物ML-4溶于10mL混合溶剂中(乙酸酐/乙酸=3:2,v/v),加入ML-5-1(200mg,815.4μmol),无水乙酸钠(66.89mg,815.4 μmol),氩气保护下120℃反应10小时,减压蒸除溶剂,柱层析分离 (MeOH:DCM=1:15)得到蓝绿色固体120mg,收率22%。1HNR(400MHz,CDCl3) δ9.77(s,1H),8.77(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),8.69(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),8.18(d,J=15.5Hz,1H), 8.05(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),6.71(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),6.47(d,J= 2.1Hz,1H),4.21(t,J=8.2Hz,2H),3.57(q,J=7.1Hz,4H),3.32(s,2H),2.71(s,2H), 2.07(s,3H),1.88(s,6H),1.74(dt,J=15.1,7.6Hz,3H),1.45(dt,J=14.6,7.4Hz,3H), 1.32(t,J=7.1Hz,6H),0.99(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ181.65, 174.27,163.46,163.10,160.96,159.53,155.95,152.96,149.03,141.87,140.56,136.08, 132.08,129.81,129.26,127.07,124.32,124.12,122.22,120.08,113.81,112.67,111.93, 107.85,97.29,50.34,48.00,46.90,46.10,40.60,30.13,28.24,25.09,20.64,20.32,13.82, 12.74.
实施例二
ML-6的合成:在100mL的单口烧瓶中将商业购买的8-羟基久洛尼定-9-甲醛(1.80g,8.28mmol)和丙二酸二乙酯(2.65g,16.57mmol)溶解于40mL的乙醇中,5滴哌啶,室温约25℃反应24小时。减压蒸除溶剂后加入25mL的浓盐酸和25mL的醋酸,于80℃反应6小时后,TLC跟踪至反应完全。冷却至室温后,倒入冰水中,NaOH调节pH至7左右,析出大量固体后抽滤,收集滤饼用水洗涤,于红外烘箱烘干,得到黄橙色固体1.80g,收率90%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3) δ7.46(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),6.86(s,1H),6.01(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),3.27(dd,J=11.3,5.6 Hz,4H),2.89(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.77(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.10-1.85(m,4H)。
ML-5-2的合成:无水条件下,在25mL的双口烧瓶中,氩气保护下加入4mL 的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),4mL的三氯氧磷(POCl3),于60℃下反应30分钟后,产生猩红色粘稠液体。将ML-6(1.00g,4.14mmol)溶解于15mL的无水DMF 中,取粘稠液体4mL缓慢滴加,70℃反应2小时后,TLC跟踪反应完全,冷却至室温后倒入冰水中,NaOH调节pH约7,析出大量固体后抽滤,用冰水洗涤滤饼,于红外烘箱烘干,得到橙黄色固体0.98g,收率87%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3) δ10.10(s,1H),8.13(s,1H),6.97(s,1H),3.37(dd,J=11.3,5.3Hz,4H),2.89(t,J=6.4 Hz,2H),2.75(dt,J=11.6,5.9Hz,2H),2.08-1.89(m,4H)。
化合物2的合成:将化合物ML-4(0.37g,815.40μmol)溶于10mL混合溶剂中(乙酸酐/乙酸=3:2,v/v),加入ML-5-2(0.22g,815.40μmol),无水乙酸钠 (0.67g,815.40μmol),氩气保护下120℃反应4小时,减压蒸除溶剂,柱层析分离(DCM:MeOH=15:1)得到蓝绿色具有金属光泽的固体0.25g,收率42%。
实施例三
ML-7的合成:在250mL圆底烧瓶中加入丙二酸二苯酯(7.60g,29.66mmol) 和3-(二乙氨基)苯酚(4.90g,29.66mmol),再加入30mL甲苯,氩气保护,在110 ℃加热下搅拌反应12h,反应完成后,停止加热,将反应液冷却至室温,有固体析出后进行抽滤,用正己烷洗涤滤饼,将产物置于红外烘箱干燥,得到浅绿色固体1.20 g,产率17%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.55(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.66(dd,J= 9.0,2.4Hz,1H),6.45(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),5.26(s,1H),3.41(d,J=7.0Hz,4H),1.12(t, J=7.0Hz,6H)。
ML-5-3的合成:在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入2mL无水DMF,再在冰水浴条件下缓慢滴加2mL POCl3,氩气保护下在40℃加热回流搅拌30min后产生橙红色透明溶液,另取100mL圆底烧瓶中加入ML-7(1.20g,5.14mmol),加入6mL无水DMF溶解,氩气保护,并用针筒吸取上述橙红色透明溶液1.5mL在冰水浴条件下滴加进其中,滴加完毕后转移至油浴加热,逐渐升温至至70℃搅拌反应8h,反应完成后将反应液倒入25mL冰水中,用配制好的NaOH溶液调节pH=7析出固体,进行抽滤,用水洗涤滤饼,将产物置于红外烘箱干燥,可得到橙黄色固体0.77 g,产率54%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.84(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),7.27(s,1H),6.71 (d,J=11.6Hz,1H),6.45(s,1H),3.49(q,J=7.1Hz,4H),1.27(t,J=7.1Hz,6H)。
化合物3的合成:将化合物ML-4(0.37g,815.40μmol)溶于10mL混合溶剂中(乙酸酐/乙酸=3:2,v/v),加入ML-5-3(0.25g,815.40μmol),无水乙酸钠(0.67g,815.40μmol),氩气保护下120℃反应4小时,减压蒸除溶剂,柱层析分离 (DCM:MeOH=15:1)得到蓝绿色具有金属光泽的固体0.27g,收率40%。
实施例四
化合物4的合成:将化合物ML-4(0.37g,815.40μmol)溶于无水乙醇中,加入2-羟基-5-硝基苯甲醛(0.14g,815.40μmol)哌啶150mL,氩气保护下反应10 小时,冷却至室温析出橙黄色固体,过滤洗涤得到橙色固体258mg,收率为71%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.29(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),9.23(s,1H),9.02(s,1H),8.87 (d,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.71(d,J=16.1Hz,2H),8.48(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),8.31(dd,J=34.1, 9.6Hz,4H),8.11(s,1H),8.04(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.72–7.66(m,1H),7.35(d,J=10.2 Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),6.92(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),6.20(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),5.31 (s,2H),4.17-4.01(m,8H),3.40(t,J=5.9Hz,4H),2.87(s,2H),2.09(d,J=6.4Hz,2H), 1.95(s,5H),1.86–1.76(m,4H),1.72–1.55(m,7H),1.95(s,2H),1.05-0.88(m,6H)。13C NMR(151MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.13,163.34,158.73,148.38,141.47,132.43, 131.53,130.31,129.41,126.42,126.30,125.78,123.57,122.64,120.99,119.01,117.24, 116.08,112.36,107.33,69.37,51.42,49.03,48.91,30.22,26.21,26.00,25.91,20.26, 19.81,14.24,14.20。
实施例五
ML-8的合成:环己酮(10.00g,101.89mmol)溶于150mL DMF中,缓慢滴加三溴化磷(27.58g,101.89mmol),25℃搅拌18小时,减压蒸除溶剂,柱层析分离(PE:EA=10:1)得到无色油状物8.00g,收率41%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ10.02(s,1H),2.86-2.67(m,2H),2.26-2.30(m,2H),1.87-1.60(m,4H).
ML-5-5的合成:将ML-8(2.00g,10.47mmol)溶于50mL DMF中,加入4- (二乙氨基)-2-羟基苯甲醛(2.02g,10.47mmol),碳酸铯(6.82g,20.94mmol),25℃反应10小时,减压蒸除溶剂,柱层析分离得到橙色固体2.05g,收率69%。1H NMR (400MHz,CDCl3)δ10.29(s,1H),6.99(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.62(s,1H),6.41(dd,J= 8.6,2.5Hz,1H),6.36(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),3.39(q,J=7.1Hz,4H),2.54(t,J=6.2Hz, 2H),2.45(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),1.70(dt,J=12.3,6.2Hz,2H),1.20(t,J=7.1,6H)。
化合物5的合成:将化合物ML-4(0.37g,815.40μmol)溶于10mL混合溶剂中(乙酸酐/乙酸=3:2,v/v),加入ML-5-5(0.20g,815.40μmol),无水乙酸钠(0.67g, 815.40μmol),氩气保护下120℃反应5小时,减压蒸除溶剂,柱层析分离 (DCM:MeOH=15:1)得到带有红色金属光泽固体0.21g,收率36%。1H NMR(600 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.01(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.63(s,1H),8.59(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.45 (d,J=13.4Hz,1H),8.09(s,1H),7.92(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.69(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.16 (dd,J=9.1,1.9Hz,1H),6.80(s,1H),6.66(s,1H),4.80(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.08(t,J= 7.2Hz,2H),3.64(q,J=6.8Hz,4H),2.86(s,2H),2.80(m,4H),1.99(dt,J=12.1,6.9 Hz,2H),1.89-1.85(m,2H),1.83(s,6H),1.69-1.60(m,2H),1.36(dq,J=14.7,7.4Hz, 2H),1.24(t,J=5.9Hz,6H),0.93(t,J=7.4Hz,3H)。13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ171.61,164.88,163.99,163.68,157.13,152.71,143.13,141.91,140.96,138.38,131.75, 130.85,130.11,128.67,127.79,124.72,123.51,120.43,119.01,118.07,115.28, 114.56,114.54,102.54,96.70,64.40,47.53,46.23,40.33,30.19,29.30,29.10,25.38, 24.99,24.40,20.91,20.38,13.88,12.69。HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+calcd forC42H48N3O6S,722.3264;found,722.3265。
实施例六
化合物6的合成:将化合物ML-4(0.37g,815.40μmol)溶于10mL混合溶剂中(乙酸酐/乙酸=3:2,v/v),加入ML-5-6(0.27g,815.40μmol),无水乙酸钠(0.67g, 815.40μmol),氩气保护下120℃反应5小时,减压蒸除溶剂,柱层析分离 (DCM:MeOH=15:1)得到带有红色金属光泽固体0.3g,收率35%。
实施例七
ML-5-7的合成:圆底烧瓶中加入40mL无水DCM和40mL无水DMF,将 20mL的三氯氧磷和20mL的无水DMF混合溶液缓慢滴加进入,而后加入环己酮(7.00g,0.07mol),氩气保护下,加热回流反应4小时,冷却至室温,倒入冰水中,4℃静置,析出淡黄色固体,过滤洗涤,得到淡黄色固体2.10g,收率 17%。
化合物7的合成:将化合物ML-4(0.37g,815.40μmol)与ML-5-7(0.071g,408.49μmol)溶于10mL混合溶剂中(乙酸酐/乙酸=3:2,v/v),无水乙酸钠(0.67g, 815.40μmol),氩气保护下120℃反应5小时,减压蒸除溶剂,柱层析分离 (DCM:MeOH=15:1),得到红棕色固体0.12g,收率28%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO- d6)δ9.09(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),8.74(s,2H),8.62(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),8.44(d,J=13.4Hz, 2H),7.96(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.93(d,J=13.9Hz,2H),4.93(s,4H),4.08(s,4H),2.90 (s,4H),2.81(s,4H),2.54(s,4H),2.29(s,4H),1.82(s,12H),1.36(dd,J=14.1,7.0Hz, 6H),0.94(t,J=7.1Hz,6H)。13C NMR(151MHz,DMSO-d6)δ182.57,173.58,162.75, 162.19,148.98,143.77,141.72,139.57,130.62,129.77,128.91,128.67,127.37,124.17, 122.26,118.35,117.96,104.35,47.67,46.99,45.68,29.04,26.93,25.51,23.63,21.74, 19.92,19.16,13.15。HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M]calcd forC56H60ClN4O10S2 -,1047.3445;found, 1047.3438。
实施例八
本发明的基于萘酰亚胺的新型近红外染料的波长都处于近红外区域。配置适合浓度的染料待测液,在不同溶剂中分别于紫外分光光度计和荧光光度计中测试,测试结果如下:
(1)在DCM、THF、EA、1,4-二噁烷、CH3COOH、MeCN溶液中测试化合物1吸收发射波长,发现其最大吸收波长落在680-700nm范围内,最大发射波长落在723-728nm范围内,最大吸收发射波长都落在近红外区域。其中在DCM溶液中,化合物1的最大吸收波长为700nm,最大发射波长为726nm(图1)。
(2)在DCM、THF、EA、1,4-二噁烷、CH3COOH、MeCN中测试化合物2在吸收发射波长,其最大吸收波长落在710-720nm范围内,最大发射波长落在745- 755nm范围内,最大吸收发射波长都落在近红外区域。其中化合物2在DCM溶液中的最大吸收波长为720nm,最大发射波长为750nm(图2)。
(3)在DCM、1,4-二噁烷、MeOH、MeCN、DMF、DMSO中测试化合物5在吸收发射波长,其最大吸收波长落在745-760nm范围内,最大发射波长落在765- 790nm范围内,最大吸收发射波长都落在近红外区域。其中化合物5在DMSO溶液中的最大吸收波长为760nm,最大发射波长为787nm(图3)。
(4)在1,4-二噁烷、EtOH、MeOH、MeCN、DMF、DMSO中测试化合物7在吸收发射波长,其最大吸收波长落在860-890nm范围内,最大发射波长落在880- 915nm范围内,最大吸收发射波长都落在近红外区域。其中化合物7在DMSO溶液中的最大吸收波长为880nm,最大发射波长为912nm(图4)。
实施例九
(1)细胞毒性
提前24小时在96孔板中进行HepG2细胞铺板,细胞密度每孔8000个,每孔体积100μL。于细胞培养箱中孵育24小时贴壁后,分别用含有不同浓度的染料的培养基进行替换(每个化合物浓度对应5个孔进行平行实验),继续孵育24小时。而后直接加入CCK-8试剂10μL/孔,在酶标仪中读取不同孔的450nm处的吸光值,计算得出不同化合物浓度相应的细胞存活率,发现基于萘酰亚胺的新型近红外染料如化合物1、化合物2、化合物5、化合物7在50μM以内基本没有明显毒性,细胞毒性较低(图5)。
(2)细胞染色
将生长状况良好的HepG2细胞接种于共聚焦皿中,细胞密度约为5×105个,总体积约为1mL,于细胞培养箱中培养24小时。在培养基中加入适宜浓度的商业化共定位探针Mito-Green-Tracker,在培养箱中孵育30分钟,再用含有适宜浓度染料的培养基替换,继续孵育30分钟后,使用无血清培养进行2-3次洗涤,于激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下进行成像拍摄。本发明的基于萘酰亚胺的新型近红外染料如化合物1、化合物2、化合物5具有优异的细胞染色能力(图6)。
实施例十
本发明的近红外染料化合物1、化合物2具有近红外粘度探针的应用潜力。
(1)化合物1体外测试
在不同比例的水和甘油体系中模拟不同的粘度值,测试化合物1对粘度的响应。结果如图7所示。结果显示,化合物1在PBS溶液中是一个从500-800nm的宽吸收,且基本没有荧光,而在甘油体系中,吸收峰变窄,并表现出强荧光。随着 PBS-甘油体系中甘油占比增加,730nm处的荧光强度也随之增强,化合物1对粘度具有较好的响应性,表现出灵敏的粘度检测能力。
(2)化合物1细胞成像
本发明的化合物1具有检测凋亡细胞的能力。进行两组实验。第一组:在正常细胞L929、癌细胞HepG2和Hela细胞、炎症细胞RAW264.7细胞中进行化合物 1染色;第二组:将这些细胞分别用凋亡诱导剂星形孢菌素诱导细胞凋亡后,再用探针化合物1进行染色。通过比较正常细胞和凋亡细胞在647nm通道的荧光强度来观察细胞凋亡过程中微环境粘度的变化。成像结果如图8所示。结果显示,诱导凋亡后的细胞都具有不同程度的变亮,表明细胞凋亡过程中,细胞内的粘度变大,使得化合物1的非辐射跃迁受到限制,发出强荧光。结果证明,化合物1可以实现不同种类细胞凋亡引起的粘度变化的监测。
(3)化合物1活体成像
本发明的化合物1具有全身性类风湿性关节炎(RA)小鼠模型活体成像的能力。通过膝关节注射化合物1后,在活体成像仪中平均每10分钟拍摄一次正常老鼠和RA模型鼠膝关节的活体成像图。结果如图9所示。结果显示,RA模型鼠膝关节注射探针后,随着时间延长,荧光强度逐渐变强,约90分钟达到最大,而后荧光强度减弱,但是在相同时间点,RA模型鼠的荧光强度都要强于正常组,表明探针化合物1可以通过检测膝关节积液的粘度变化来区分类风湿性关节炎和健康小鼠,并且可以动态检测积液的粘度变化。24小时后化合物1的荧光基本消失,说明化合物1可以有效地被清除。
(4)化合物2体外测试
在不同比例的水和甘油体系中模拟不同的粘度值,测试化合物2对粘度的响应。结果如图10所示。结果显示,探针化合物2在PBS溶液中是一个从550-850 nm的宽吸收,且基本没有荧光,而在甘油体系中,吸收峰变窄,并表现出强荧光。随着PBS-甘油体系中干甘油占比增加,760nm处的荧光强度也随之增强,化合物 2对粘度具有较好的响应性,表现出灵敏的粘度检测能力。
(5)化合物2细胞成像
本发明的化合物2具有检测凋亡细胞的能力。进行两组实验。第一组:在癌细胞HepG2和炎症细胞RAW264.7细胞中进行化合物2染色;第二组:将这些细胞分别用凋亡诱导剂星形孢菌素诱导细胞凋亡后,再用探针化合物2进行染色。通过比较正常细胞和凋亡细胞在647nm通道的荧光强度来观察细胞凋亡过程中微环境粘度的变化。成像结果如图11所示。结果显示,诱导凋亡后的细胞都具有不同程度的变亮,表明细胞凋亡过程中,细胞内的粘度变大,使得化合物2的非辐射跃迁受到限制,发出强荧光。化合物2可以实现不同种类细胞凋亡引起的粘度变化的监测。
(6)化合物2活体成像
本发明的化合物2具有监测肝毒性粘度变化的活体成像的能力。对照组为正常小鼠,实验组为对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)引起肝毒性模型小鼠。结果如图12所示。结果显示,化合物2通过静脉注射5min后,对照组小鼠肝脏出现微弱荧光,而实验组小鼠的肝脏出现较强的荧光。对小鼠肝脏区域的荧光强度进行量化,数据显示实验组的小鼠荧光强度约为对照组的2倍。这些结果表明探针化合物2可以通过检测肝脏的粘度变化来区分肝炎小鼠和健康小鼠。
实施例十一
如图13所示,本发明的化合物4具有开关环性质。其在关环形式下的最大吸收波长为445nm,最大发射波长为554nm,开环形式下的最大吸收波长为622nm,最大发射波长为675nm,具有应用于超分辨成像的潜力。
实施例十二
本发明的化合物7具有优异的光热和光动力性质,可作为光治疗试剂应用于肿瘤治疗。由于小分子的血液循环时间较短,以及利用肿瘤微环境中高水平的活性氧(ROS),我们构建了一个光热/ROS双响应的可降解给药系统NBD&ML@ RMON,用于近红外激光和ROS辅助联合治疗肝癌。具体实施方案为采用相变材料(PCM)月桂酸和硬脂酸将化合物7和化疗药物谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶特异性抑制剂NBDHEX装封入ROS降解的介孔有机硅(RMON)中,制备得到NBD&ML@ RMON。纳米载体尾静脉注射到肿瘤小鼠中,通过被动转运富集在肿瘤区域,被肿瘤细胞内高浓度H2O2破坏。同时在880nm激光照射下,化合物7产生的光热效应将相变材料融化,释放出装载的化疗药进行化学治疗,实现药物的光控精准释放,同时释放出的小分子染料进行光热以及光动力共同治疗,实现活体肿瘤 PTT/PDT/Chemotherapy三模式的有效治疗。
(1)小分子染料化合物7的光热性质
本发明的化合物7具有优异的光热效果,具有光热试剂的潜力。如图14所示,化合物7在880nm激光照射下,随着化合物7浓度的增加或者激光功率的提高,含有化合物7的PBS溶液温度都有所上升。
(2)小分子染料化合物7的光动力性质
本发明的化合物7具有一定的光动力效果,具有光动力试剂的潜力。在甲醇体系中,用氧化剂指示探针DPBF探究小分子染料化合物7的光动力性能。如图15 所示,DPBF在410nm处的吸光度随着光照时间延长而下降,表明化合物7在光照条件下可以产生一定的单线态氧,具有作为光动力试剂的潜力。
(3)NBD&ML@RMON的构建
如图16所示,首先合成对H2O2响应的硫缩酮片段S-ketal,硅烷化得到Si-S-ketal,再按照模板反应与TEOS合成得到ROS响应的介孔有机氧化硅纳米颗粒 RMON。将RMON作为药物载体,分别以及同时装载诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶抑制剂NBD(图16中显示为NBDHEX)和化合物7(图16中显示为 ML880),并用相变材料月桂酸和硬脂酸堵孔,作为热响应开关,制备得到纳米制剂NBD&ML@RMON。
作为对照组,制备分别装载化疗药物NBD的纳米制剂NBD@RMON,和装载化合物7的纳米制剂ML@RMON。
(4)纳米制剂的细胞毒性
分别选取生长状况良好的癌细胞HepG2细胞,正常细胞L929细胞、LO2细胞(人肝细胞)进行暗毒性和光毒性实验。暗毒性:96孔板中接种细胞孵育24小时后,分别评价不同浓度的纳米颗粒NBD@RMON、ML@RMON和 NBD&ML@RMON的细胞毒性。光毒性:96孔板中接种细胞孵育24小时后,用不同浓度的纳米颗粒进行细胞孵育24小时,在最后加入MTT前先进行光照5分钟(880nm激光,1W/cm2),放入培养箱孵育2小时后再进行细胞毒性评价。
结果如图17所示。对于肿瘤细胞HepG2细胞,不施加激光照射时,三种纳米制剂对细胞都没有表现出明显的毒性。只装载化疗药物NBD的纳米制剂 NBD@RMON无论是在暗环境还是在光照环境中,不同浓度组的细胞存活率都高于80%,表明在光照条件下,NBD@RMON的相转变材料无法被破坏,药物无法实现释放,表现出较好的生物相容性。而只装载染料的ML@RMON的暗毒性较小,而在施加880nm激光后,表现出一定的细胞杀伤能力。这说明ML@RMON中装载的染料化合物7在激光作用下可以实现光热和光动力作用。而同时装载化疗药物和小分子染料的NBD&ML@RMON暗毒性同样较小。施加880nm激光后,肿瘤细胞进行杀伤效果明显。这说明NBD&ML@RMON在激光作用下实现光热和光动力作用,同时化合物7产生的光热作用可以使得相变材料融化,释放出装载的药物NBD,实现药物的精准光控释放,对肿瘤细胞进行更强的杀伤。因此, NBD&ML@RMON具有PTT/PDT/Chemotherapy三模式结合的肿瘤细胞杀伤效果。
(5)小鼠抗肿瘤治疗
选取肿瘤体积约为100mm3的HepG2荷瘤小鼠为实验对象。35只荷瘤小鼠随机分成7组,分别为注射生理盐水组(1),注射游离药物NBDHEX组(2),注射 NBD@RMON组(3),注射ML@RMON组(4),注射ML@RMON后激光照射组 (5),注射NBD&ML@RMON组(6),注射NBD&ML@RMON后激光照射组(7)。每隔三天注射一次对应药物,对于组5和7在尾静脉注射18小时后施加激光照射 5分钟(880nm激光器,1W/cm2),每隔三天对肿瘤体积以及小鼠体重进行测量记录。
量取并计算对应组的肿瘤体积,结果如图18所示。组(2)与对照组(1)相比几乎没有差距,表明游离药物NBD的递送效率有限,无法有效发挥药物的肿瘤治疗作用。通过组(4)和组(5)比较可以发现在多次激光照射治疗作用后,肿瘤得到一定的抑制,表明染料化合物7是一个有效的近红外光动力和光热试剂。分别比较组(4)和(5),(6)和(7)发现激光照射是一个精准控制药物释放的有效途径。进一步比较组(2)、(3)、(6)、(7),发现组(7)的肿瘤抑制效果最佳,这说明将药物装载在纳米递送系统中可以增加药物到达肿瘤区域的效率,组(7)优异的肿瘤抑制效果也说明了联合光热、光动力和化学治疗可以发挥不同治疗模式的优势,起到共同甚至协同的肿瘤治疗作用。
Claims (10)
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,
R1为H;和/或
R2为磺酸基;和/或
R4和R5各自独立为C1-C4烷基;和/或
R6为C1-C6烷基;和/或
n为2-6的整数;和/或
m为2-4的整数。
4.下式I、II或III所示结构的化合物:
式中:
各n为0-16的整数;且当n为0时,各R1独立为-[(CH2)p-O]q-H,其中,p为1-6的整数,q为1-4的整数;当n为1-16的整数时,各R1独立为H、羟基、氨基、巯基、醛基、羧基、磺酸基或生物靶向基团;
各R2独立为氢、羧基、磺酸基或生物靶向基团;
各L独立为C2-C6亚烯基或C2-C6亚炔基;
M不存在,或为C1-C6亚烷基、C2-C6亚烯基或C2-C6亚炔基;
R3为含有生色基团和任选的助色基团的基团;
R4和R5各自独立为H或C1-C4烷基;
R7为硝基、C1-C4烷氧基、磺酸基、氰基或卤素;
R8为卤素;
各m独立为1-6的整数。
5.如权利要求4所述的化合物,其特征在于,
R1为H;和/或
R2为磺酸基;和/或
L为C2-C4亚烯基;和/或
M不存在或为C1-C4亚烷基;和/或
R3为含有选自C=C-C=C、C=O、-COOH、C=C、Ph-、-NO2、-CONH2和-COCl的生色基团和任选的选自-X、-OH、-OR、-NH2和-NRaRb的助色基团的基团;其中,X为卤素,R、Ra和Rb各自独立为C1-C4烷基;和/或
R4和R5各自独立为C1-C4烷基;和/或
R6为C1-C6烷基;和/或
R7为硝基;和/或
n为2-6的整数;和/或
m为2-4的整数。
7.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物含有权利要求4-6中任一项所述的化合物和药学上可接受的载体。
8.如权利要求7所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物还含有抗癌药。
9.一种纳米制剂,其特征在于,所述纳米制剂包含装载有权利要求4-6中任一项所述的化合物和药物的介孔有机氧化硅纳米颗粒;优选地,所述介孔有机氧化硅颗粒含有堵孔剂;优选地,所述堵孔剂为月桂酸和硬脂酸;优选地,所述治疗药物为抗癌药。
10.权利要求4-6中任一项所述的化合物在细胞染色或成像中的应用,在荧光传感中的应用,或在制备细胞染色或成像试剂、荧光传感试剂或活体成像试剂中的应用,或在制备光控释放的药物中的应用,或在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用,或在制备光治疗试剂中的应用,或在制备用于肿瘤的光动力治疗或光热治疗用的试剂中的应用,或在制备用于近红外超分辨成像试剂中的应用,或在检测细胞粘度和/或其变化中的应用,或在制备通过检测细胞粘度和/或其变化而诊断疾病的检测试剂中的应用。
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