CN114105882B - 一种基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114105882B CN114105882B CN202111400108.6A CN202111400108A CN114105882B CN 114105882 B CN114105882 B CN 114105882B CN 202111400108 A CN202111400108 A CN 202111400108A CN 114105882 B CN114105882 B CN 114105882B
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- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- isocyanate
- imidazole structure
- carbonate
- structure group
- Prior art date
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- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- -1 cyano, phenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclopentane Chemical compound COC1CCCC1 SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WCMAGBUGKRNIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl prop-1-ynyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC#CC WCMAGBUGKRNIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 abstract description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 125000001207 fluorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000001731 2-cyanoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C#N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000005004 perfluoroethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000005009 perfluoropropyl group Chemical group FC(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004205 trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl sulfate;hydron Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OC=C VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- WRJWRGBVPUUDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonyl isocyanate Chemical compound ClS(=O)(=O)N=C=O WRJWRGBVPUUDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OPUAWDUYWRUIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanedisulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CS(O)(=O)=O OPUAWDUYWRUIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLBRCZAHAHECKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Pt] Chemical compound [Co].[Pt] CLBRCZAHAHECKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002388 carbon-based active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011834 metal-based active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002409 silicon-based active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/90—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/64—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms, e.g. histidine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂及其应用,属于锂电池非水电解液添加剂技术领域。
背景技术
锂二次电池自从商业化以来,由于它的比能量高、循环性能好,被广泛用于数码、储能、动力、军用航天和通讯设备等领域。与其他二次电池相比,锂二次电池具有工作电压高、循环寿命长、自放电率低、环境友好、无记忆效应等优点。
在锂离子电池中,电解液的氧化分解劣化电池性能,而且在循环和高温存储过程中常常伴随着金属离子的溶出,导致电池性能严重下降。而随着市场对锂离子电池需求的不断增长,对电池的综合性能需求提出了更高的要求,添加剂的使用是提高锂离子电池综合性能有效途径之一。而添加剂的种类繁多,根据添加剂在电解液中起的作用不同可分为:成膜添加剂、过充保护添加剂、导电添加剂、阻燃添加剂、电解液稳定剂等。无论哪种添加剂,它在电解液中所占的比例很小,但是由于功能明显而被广泛地研究开发。
近年来,针对正极,已知的有LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiNiO2、LiFePO4等,使用了这些的锂离子电池在充电状态下变为高温时,在正极材料与非水系电解液的界面非水系电解液中的非水系溶剂会局部地部分氧化分解,因而由此产生的分解物、气体会阻碍电池原本的电化学反应,导致电池循环特性等性能下降。
专利文献WO2010/021236尝试了使用分子内含有异氰酸酯基的化合物来改善电池的长期稳定性,但并不能通过异氰酸酯化合物的种类、与其组合的添加剂的种类、或它们的配合量来获得充分的耐久性能,其电池特性仍得不到满足。
专利文献JP2010225522、JP2006164759和CN10153329公开了一种通过将异氰酸酯化合物添加到非水电解液中,可提高电池的循环特性,改善电池稳定性。但这些专利中记载的材料或电解液配方尚不能解决电池高温稳定性以及与其他磺酸酯类添加剂配伍使用时易变色,酸值易升高的问题。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的不足,提供一种基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂及其应用,所述的电解液添加剂用于锂离子电池,有效地抑制了高温循环和高温存储时,电池容量的降低,抑制电解液分解产气,大幅提高电池的使用寿命。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一种基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂,所述的电解液添加剂的结构式如式I所示:
R1、R2、R3相同或者不同,所述R1、R2、R3分别独立的选自氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、叔丁基、三氟甲基、三氟乙基、全氟乙基、全氟丙基、氰乙基、苯基、氟代苯基、含氰基氟代苯基、含烷氧基苯基、含烷基苯基中一种。
进一步的,所述的电解液添加剂为如下结构式中的任意一种或两种以上混合:
本发明还公开了所述基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂的制备方法,所述的制备方法包括如下步骤:
在惰性气体的保护下,将原料1和原料2均匀的分散在溶剂中,控制反应温度10℃~120℃,反应1~48小时,即得到含咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类添加剂反应液;
所述溶剂选自乙醚、THF、环戊基甲醚、乙腈、乙酸乙酯中的一种或多种混合,或无溶剂参与;
所述的溶剂用量为原料1质量用量与溶剂质量用量比为1.0:1.0~10.0;
所述的原料1的用量与原料2的用量的摩尔比为原料1:原料2=1.0:1.0~10.0;
R1、R2、R3相同或者不同,所述R1、R2、R3分别独立的选自氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、叔丁基、三氟甲基、三氟乙基、全氟乙基、全氟丙基、氰乙基、苯基、氟代苯基、含氰基氟代苯基、含烷氧基苯基、含烷基苯基中一种;
其中,M选自Li、Na、K、Ca中的一种。
所述基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类添加剂及其制备方法,原料廉价易得、反应条件温和、操作简单安全、环保高效。
本发明还公开了所述基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂的应用,所述的基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂应用于锂离子电池,所述锂离子电池包括负极、正极、设置在负极和正极之间的隔膜以及电解液。所述的负极选自由碳基活性材料、硅基活性材料、金属基活性材料或含锂氮化物组成的群组中的单一材料,或者其中的两种或更多种的混合物。
本发明所述的含咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂,配制锂离子电池非水电解液,应用于锂离子电池,能够有效地提高高温贮藏特性,有效抑制高温贮藏时产气。
进一步的,所述的电解液包括溶剂、电解质锂盐和所述的基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂。
进一步的,以电解液总质量为基准,所述的基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂质量含量为0.01~5%,优选0.1~2%。
进一步的,所述的电解质锂盐选自LiPF6、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiBOB、LiODFB、LiTDI、LiTFSI以及LiFSI中的一种或多种,优选LiPF6;以电解液总质量为基准,所述的电解质锂盐含量为10-20wt%。
进一步的,所述的溶剂包括选自由酯类溶剂和酰胺类溶剂组成的群组中的一种,或者两种或更多种的混合物,所述的酯类溶剂选自由环状碳酸酯化合物、直连碳酸酯化合物、直连酯化合物和环状酯化合物组成的群组中的至少一种化合物
进一步的,所述的溶剂选自碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚丁酯、氟代碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸甲丙酯、碳酸乙丙酯、碳酸甲丙炔酯、1,4-丁内酯、丙酸甲酯、丁酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸丙酯或丁酸乙酯中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明提供了一种基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂,并提供了该类化合物的合成方法,该合成方法中原料廉价易得,过程反应条件温和、操作简单安全、环保高效;
(2)本发明提供的基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂,其中异氰酸酯基团具有较强的亲电活性,可以与电解液体系中的水分,以及正负极中所包含的的活泼氢作用,减少由活泼氢导致的LiPF6分解;
(3)本发明提供的基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂中,所含有的咪唑结构含有具有孤电子对的氮原子,电解液中呈现弱碱性,能除去LiPF6分解产生的HF,进而有效抑制电解液酸度的上升,同时能够抑制PF5与电解液中微量杂质反应引起的色度上升,特别是在含有易导致电解液酸值和色度升高的硫酸乙烯酯(DTD)或亚甲基二磺酸亚甲基酯(MMDS)电解液体系中;
(4)本发明提供的基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂中,磺酰基良好成膜性能,添加到电解液中可以在电极表面反应成膜,可以给SEI膜引入了S元素,增加离子电导率,故而可以有效地提高锂离子电池循环性能;
(5)本发明提供的基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂,将磺酰基、含氮杂环咪唑和异氰酸酯结构基团有机结合到一起,与石墨负极具有较好的兼容性,同时利用异氰酸酯除水,咪唑基团除HF,以及磺酰基良好成膜性能,从而避免LiPF6分解的氟化氢致使SEI分解破碎,提高高温循环和高温存储性能,有效抑制电解液分解产气。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。
本实施例给出了化合物ZN01~ZN27中的部分化合物的制备方法。
合成实施方式1化合物ZN-01的制备
将33.6g(0.15mol)KTDI、42.4g(0.30mol)磺酰氯异氰酸酯和150g无水乙腈加入500mL三口烧瓶,缓慢升温至75~80℃,搅拌反应26.0hrs。降温,抽滤,滤液减压脱溶剂至无馏分得到棕黄色粘稠物,正庚烷+二氯甲烷过层析柱纯化得到24.0g白色固体ZN-01,收率55.00%。
GC-MS:291,13C NMR(,100MHz):溶剂氘代氯仿,δ(ppm):115.7ppm(s,-CN),119.8(q,-CF3),121.6(q,C=C),122.4(s,N=C=O)147.8(q,C-CF3)。
合成实施方式2化合物ZN-12的制备
将32.2g(0.10mol)全氟苯基咪唑钾盐、31.1g(0.22mol)磺酰氯异氰酸酯和150g无水乙腈加入500mL三口烧瓶,缓慢升温至75~80℃,搅拌反应36.0hrs。降温,抽滤,滤液减压脱溶剂至无馏分得到棕黄色粘稠物,正庚烷+二氯甲烷过层析柱纯化得到16.4g白色固体ZN-12,收率42.10%。
GC-MS:389,13C NMR(,100MHz):溶剂氘代氯仿,δ(ppm):113.4(m,CC5F5),116.1ppm(s,-CN),122.3(q,C=C),122.6(s,N=C=O),137.8(dm),140.4(dm),144.2(dm),146.7(q,C-PhF5)。
合成实施方式3化合物ZN-19的制备
将13.6g(0.2mol)咪唑、10g(0.25mol,60%含量)氢化钠和100g无水环戊基甲醚加入到500mL三口烧瓶中,搅拌1.0hrs,缓慢加入46.7g(0.33mol)磺酰氯异氰酸酯,缓慢升温至100~105℃,搅拌反应22.0hrs,降温,抽滤、滤液减压脱溶剂至无馏分,进一步减压精馏得到16.2g无色粘稠油状物ZN-19,收率46.82%。
GC-MS:173,1H NMR(400MHz):溶剂氘代氯仿,δ(ppm):7.155~7.173ppm(d,1H),7.313~7.331ppm(d,1H),7.912ppm(s,1H);13C NMR(100MHz):溶剂氘代氯仿,δ(ppm):121.8(s,N=C=O),125.4,134.5(s,NCH=CHN),136.8ppm(s,NCHN)。
电池实施例
电池实施例1-9和对比例1-6所列锂离子电池非水电解液的配方如表1所示。
表1.电池实施例1-9和对比例1-6锂离子电池非水电解液的配方
电解液稳定性测试:将上述实施例1~9和对比例1~6制备的锂离子电池电解液分别装到密封铝瓶中,铝瓶用铝塑膜抽真空封装,电解液样品同时置于设定温度为45℃的恒温箱中储存,分别在储存前和60天后在手套箱中取样检测电解液酸度和色度值,酸度采用电位滴定仪测试,酸度值为折算成HF,单位为ppm,色度采用铂-钴比色,色度单位为Hazen。部分测试结果如表2所示:
表2添加剂对电解液酸值和色度的影响
由表2可知,实施例1~6的电解液在45℃高温下存储60天,电解液的酸度和色度均低于对比例,即使对比例5的电解液体系中加入丙基二磺酸酐和1,8-辛基二异氰酸酯,酸值和色度的变化虽得到抑制,但效果远低于本发明专利提供的材料。
针对含有硫酸乙烯酯或亚甲基二磺酸亚甲酯的电解液体系,本发明提供的电解液添加剂抑制变色和酸值升高效果更为明显,由此本发明提供的新型添加剂能够有效抑制电解液酸度和色度的上升,提高电解液在高温条件下稳定性。
电池实施例1-9和对比例1~6锂离子电池非水电解液用来制备锂离子型扣式电池的方法为:
(1)正极片制备
以LiCoO2正极材料为例:将正极LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末、炭黑(粒度为1000nm)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)和N,N-二甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)混合制成均一的浆料,将浆料均匀涂敷在铝箔(15μm)集流体上,然后进行干燥,轧制,得到LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正极材料。于120℃下烘12小时,干燥后的极片中,LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2占总涂敷物的94%,粘结剂占4%,炭黑占2%。然后将所得极片裁剪成直径为8mm圆片作为正极。其它正极材料LiFePO4按同样的方法制备。
(2)负极片制备
以人造石墨负极材料为例:将人造石墨,聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)混合制成均一的浆料,将浆料均匀涂敷在铜箔(15μm)集流体上,然后进行干燥,轧制,得到碳负极材料。于120℃下烘12小时,干燥后的极片中,石墨占总涂敷物的96.4%,粘结剂占3.6%,然后将所得极片裁剪成直径为8mm圆片作为负极。
(3)电解液制备
在含水量<1ppm的氩气气氛手套箱中,将锂盐溶解于溶剂中,再加入新型含膦异氰酸酯类,混合均匀后获得电解液;
(4)锂离子电池的制备
以上述步骤(1)和(2)所述的材料作为工作电极,Celgard 2400膜(天津)为隔膜,组装CR2430型扣式电池。组装顺序按负极到正极依次为:负极壳,弹片,垫片,负极片,电解液,隔膜,正极片,正极壳,然后由封口机密封。此操作均在纯氩气手套箱完成,静置6h后取出进行电化学性能测试。
锂离子电池性能测试
测试一、高温循环性能测试
将制备得到的电池均分别进行下述测试:
①在45℃下,将电池在0.1C倍率下恒流充电至4.3V,再用相应倍率恒流放电至2.7V,此时为首次循环;
②首次循环完成后,以1.0C倍率下恒流充电至4.3V,再用相应倍率恒流放电至2.7V,按照此循环条件分别进行100周、500周循环测试,分别计算得出电池循环100次、500次循环后的容量保持率,其中,循环后的容量保持率按照下式进行计算。各个电池中所得到的相关测试数据参见表2,其中实施例1-9的电池编号分别为电池1-电池9,所述对比例1-6的电池编号分别为电池1#-电池6#;
循环后的容量保持率=(对应循环次数后的放电容量/首次循环的放电容量)×100%。
表3 45℃下电池的循环性能测试结果
由表3对不同电池的数据发现,在不同正极材料体系中,使用本发明提供的添加剂,做成的锂电池在45℃下,其循环稳定性,容量保持率远高于未添加添加剂的电池1#和2#。
针对含有硫酸乙烯酯或亚甲基二磺酸亚甲酯的电池4#和5#,由于该类材料热稳定性差,高温循环后以及导致电池性能劣化。
电池5#和6#,通过加入磺酸酐+异氰酸酯类材料作为稳定剂,数据显示循环100周,其容量保持率得到改善,但500周循环后,其容量保持率远低于含本发明专利提供的添加剂的电池,由此说明本发明专利提供的新型添加剂应用于锂离子电池,可明显改善电池的高温循环性能,即使在热稳定差的硫酸乙烯酯或亚甲基二磺酸亚甲酯电池体系中,本发明提供的电解液添加剂也能表现出良好的效果。
测试二、将实施例1-9和对比例1-6制备得到的电池经过100次循环后,进行循环后的热稳性测试:
在25℃条件下,以0.5C电流恒流充电至4.3V,再以4.3V恒压充电至电流为0.025C,使其处于4.3V满充状态,然后将电池放在50℃的高温炉中存储15天,同时测试电池在高温炉中电压降以及测试后电池的体积变化,测试数据见表4。
其中,锂离子电池高温存储后的电压降变化率(%)=(锂离子电池高温存储前的电压-锂离子电池高温存储后的电压)/锂离子电池高温存储前的电压×100%;
锂离子电池高温存储后的体积变化率(%)=(锂离子电池高温存储后的体积-锂离子电池高温存储前的体积)/锂离子电池高温存储前的体积×100%。
表4
从表4可见,与电池1#-6#进行100次循环后经过热稳性测试所呈现的状态相比,含有本发明专利提供的新型添加剂的电池1-9进行100次循环再经过高温下的热稳定测试后,电池电压降变化率仅为9.18-12.42%,远低于电池1#-6#的电压降变化率。
同时,对于体积变化率同样存在较大差异,电池1#-6#体积膨胀变大较为明显,即使电池5~6#添加了磺酸酐+异氰酸酯类材料作为稳定剂,虽然体积变化有所改善,但其效果远低于含有本发明专利提供的添加剂的电池。由此可以得知,本发明制备的新型含咪唑膦异氰酸酯类电解液添加剂应用到锂离子电池中后,能够大幅提高多次循环后的锂离子电池的热稳定性,抑制电解液分解产气,具有良好的应用前景。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (7)
3.一种根据权利要求1所述的一种基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂的应用,其特征在于,所述的基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂应用于锂离子电池,所述锂离子电池包括负极、正极、设置在负极和正极之间的隔膜以及电解液。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂的应用,其特征在于,所述的电解液包括溶剂、电解质锂盐和所述的基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂的应用,其特征在于,以电解液总质量为基准,所述的基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂质量含量为0.01~5%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂的应用,其特征在于,所述的电解质锂盐选自LiPF6、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiBOB、LiODFB、LiTDI、LiTFSI以及LiFSI中的一种或多种;以电解液总质量为基准,所述的电解质锂盐含量为10-20wt%。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种基于咪唑结构基团的异氰酸酯类的电解液添加剂的应用,其特征在于,所述的溶剂选自碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚丁酯、氟代碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸甲丙酯、碳酸乙丙酯、碳酸甲丙炔酯、1,4-丁内酯、丙酸甲酯、丁酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸丙酯或丁酸乙酯中的一种或多种的组合。
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