CN114087972B - Device for measuring shape error of long hole part - Google Patents
Device for measuring shape error of long hole part Download PDFInfo
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- CN114087972B CN114087972B CN202111463448.3A CN202111463448A CN114087972B CN 114087972 B CN114087972 B CN 114087972B CN 202111463448 A CN202111463448 A CN 202111463448A CN 114087972 B CN114087972 B CN 114087972B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/22—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B21/24—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing alignment of axes
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- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring shape errors of long hole parts, which belongs to the field of measuring shape errors of long hole parts and comprises the following components: the basic device comprises a main shell mechanism and a lathe spindle, a sliding device is fixedly connected with the main shell mechanism, the measuring device comprises an angle measuring device, an interferometer, a reflector, a displacement measuring device and an ultrasonic measuring device, the ultrasonic measuring device is fixed on the main shell mechanism and is kept horizontal to the rotary axis of the lathe spindle, the reflector is fixed on the connecting surface of the main shell mechanism and an ultrasonic measuring unit, the axis angles of the displacement sensor and the ultrasonic measuring device are always kept constant and are positioned in the same vertical plane, the calibrating device comprises a calibrating ball and a calibrating reference plate, and the interferometer, the interferometer and the reflector are arranged coaxially.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of shape error measurement of long-hole parts, and particularly relates to a shape error measuring device for long-hole parts.
Background
With the rapid development of modern equipment production, high-precision long-hole parts are widely applied to the fields of aviation, ships, petrochemical industry, metallurgy and other manufacturing industries, the processing quality of the long-hole parts can directly affect the performance of the whole machine, as an important technical index for measuring the processing quality of the long-hole parts, the ultra-poor roundness and axis straightness errors can cause part stress concentration, the service life of the parts is reduced, and even certain potential safety hazards can be brought.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a device for measuring the shape error of a long hole part, which is simple in structure and convenient to use, and can realize accurate and efficient measurement of the roundness and axis straightness error of the long hole part and ensure the use performance of the part.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a long hole type part shape error measuring device comprises: the device comprises a base device, a measuring device, a calibration device and a sliding device;
the basic device comprises a main shell mechanism and a lathe spindle;
the sliding device comprises an oblique sliding unit, a horizontal sliding unit and a vertical sliding unit, and is fixedly connected with the main shell mechanism;
the measuring device comprises an angle measuring device, an interferometer, an interference mirror, a reflecting mirror, a displacement measuring device and an ultrasonic measuring device, wherein the angle measuring device is fixed at one end of the lathe spindle, the ultrasonic measuring device is fixed on the main shell mechanism and is kept horizontal to the rotary axis of the lathe spindle, the reflecting mirror is fixed on the connecting surface of the main shell mechanism and the ultrasonic measuring unit, and the axis angles of the displacement sensor and the ultrasonic measuring device are always kept constant and are positioned in the same vertical plane;
the calibration device comprises a calibration ball and a calibration reference plate; the interferometer, the interference mirror and the reflector are arranged coaxially, the calibration ball is fixedly connected with the displacement measuring device, and the calibration reference plate is arranged on the main shell mechanism;
the angle measuring device is in communication connection with the computer, and the displacement measuring device, the ultrasonic measuring device and the interferometer are in communication connection with the computer through respective controllers.
Preferably, ultrasonic measurement device includes water spray mechanism, flowing water fixed establishment, probe chuck and ultrasonic probe, flowing water fixed establishment with ultrasonic probe fixed connection, flowing water fixed establishment outside circumference is provided with a plurality of the probe chuck, flowing water fixed establishment with water spray mechanism intercommunication, water spray mechanism lateral wall intercommunication has the water pipe.
Preferably, the main shell mechanism is provided with a middle inclined inner cavity, a right inclined inner cavity, a left inclined inner cavity, an upper horizontal inner cavity and a lower horizontal inner cavity.
Preferably, the diagonal slip unit includes: the scale hand wheel, the oblique adjusting plate, the miniature planar thrust needle roller bearing, the screw nut, the screw rod, the limiting ring and the two oblique guide rods are fixed on the main shell mechanism, and the two oblique guide rods are respectively fastened with the oblique adjusting plate; one end of the screw rod is connected with the scale hand wheel, the other end of the screw rod is connected with the limiting ring, two micro plane thrust needle roller bearings are circumferentially arranged on the screw rod, and the inclined guide rods are respectively arranged in the right inclined inner cavity and the left inclined inner cavity.
Preferably, the vertical sliding unit includes: the clamping device comprises a vertical guide rod, a vertical baffle, a sliding rail, a sliding adjusting plate and a clamping panel, wherein the sliding adjusting plate is fixedly connected with the clamping panel, the clamping panel is tightly matched with the sliding rail, the vertical baffle is fixedly connected with the sliding rail, and the vertical guide rod is arranged in a middle oblique inner cavity.
Preferably, the horizontal slip unit comprises: the clamping block and the two horizontal guide rods, the cylindrical surfaces of the two horizontal guide rods of the horizontal sliding unit are respectively contacted with the grooves at the upper end and the lower end of the clamping block, the horizontal guide rods are fixedly connected with the sliding adjusting plate, and the horizontal guide rods are arranged in the upper horizontal inner cavity and the lower horizontal inner cavity.
Preferably, the displacement measuring device comprises an eddy current displacement sensor and a displacement measuring rod, the eddy current displacement sensor is fixedly connected to one end of the displacement measuring rod, the calibration ball is fixedly connected to the other end of the displacement measuring rod, a signal cable of the eddy current displacement sensor penetrates through the inner cavity of the displacement measuring rod from the side wall and is connected with the controller, and the displacement measuring rod is fixedly connected with the oblique adjusting plate.
Preferably, the axes of the eddy current displacement sensor and the ultrasonic probe are always kept at a constant included angle of 30 degrees.
Preferably, the angle measuring device is a rotary encoder.
Preferably, the rotary encoder is connected with the computer through a PMAC control card, and the PMAC control card is respectively connected to the eddy current displacement sensor and the controller of the ultrasonic probe through an I/O interface.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention is based on a numerical control lathe and a foundation structure, takes a multi-sensor integration mode as a method, realizes the reconstruction of the outer surface contour and the inner surface contour of a workpiece through a displacement measuring device and an ultrasonic measuring device, unifies the coordinate values of sampling points under a measuring coordinate system into an absolute coordinate system, is externally connected with one end of a lathe spindle, can accurately record the rotating angle in the process of rotating the lathe spindle, and can perform equal-angle sampling on the measuring section, so that the angles between adjacent sampling points of the same section are equalized, and the measuring precision is improved; the method can also ensure that the number of sampling points of each measuring section is the same, is convenient for subsequent evaluation, has simple structure, low cost and convenient use, and can realize accurate and efficient online measurement of the roundness and axis straightness errors of the long-hole parts.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the slant slide unit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the lathe of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the measurement principle of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the parameter calibration principle of the measuring device of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a model structure of the adjustable gauge block of the invention.
Wherein, in the figure: 1-an eddy current displacement sensor, 2-a displacement measuring rod, 3-a scale hand wheel, 4-an oblique adjusting plate, 5-M5X 8 type screws, 6-M5X 20 type screws, 7-M6X 30 type screws, 8-a calibration ball, 9-a calibration reference plate, 10-a vertical guide rod gasket, 11-a vertical guide rod, 12-an elastic retainer ring, 13-a vertical baffle plate, 14-a slide rail, 15-a clamping handle, 16-a horizontal guide rod I, 17-a sliding adjusting plate, 18-a horizontal guide rod II, 19-a clamping block, 20-M6X 30 type screws, 21-a main shell mechanism, 22-a reflector, 23-a baffle plate for an axis, 24-an oblique retainer ring, 25-a oblique guide rod I, 26-a oblique guide rod II, 27-M5X 16 type screws, 28-ultrasonic probe fixing block, 29-screw rod nut, 30-screw rod, 31-knurled screw, 32-water inlet mechanism gasket, 33-water inlet nut, 34-locking nut, 35-miniature plane thrust needle bearing I, 36-miniature plane thrust needle bearing II, 37-M5X 16 type screw, 38-M5X 16 type screw, 39-clamping panel, 40-water spray mechanism, 41-M6X 8 screw, 42-flowing water fixing mechanism, 43-sealing ring, 44-probe chuck, 45-ultrasonic probe, 46-rotary encoder, 47-lathe spindle, 48-triangular chuck, 49-interference mirror, 50-laser interferometer, 51-workpiece, 52-outer surface profile and 53-fixed electric eddy current sensor track, 54-inner surface profile, 55-inner hole fitting circle, 56-locking screw, 57-rotating block, 58-fixing block and 59-thimble.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, a device for measuring shape errors of long hole parts comprises: the eddy current displacement sensor 1 is connected with the head end of a displacement measuring rod 2 by virtue of self threads, a sensor signal cable penetrates out of the inner cavity of the displacement measuring rod 2 through the side wall and is connected to acquisition equipment, and the arrangement mode enables the eddy current displacement sensor 1 to slide obliquely along with the oblique sliding unit so as to ensure that the origin of a measuring coordinate system on an initial measuring section coincides with the axis of a workpiece as much as possible; the displacement measuring rod 2 can slide obliquely along the oblique sliding unit to ensure that the origin of a measuring coordinate system on an initial measuring section coincides with the axis of a workpiece as far as possible, and can also move back and forth along the axis direction of the eddy current displacement sensor 1, so that the measured value of the sensor is positioned in a reliable measuring range.
The inclined sliding unit comprises a scale hand wheel 3, an inclined adjusting plate 4, a knurled screw 31, an inclined retainer ring 24, an inclined guide rod I25, an inclined guide rod II 26, a miniature planar thrust needle bearing I35, a miniature planar thrust needle bearing II 36, a screw nut 29 and a screw rod 30, wherein the screw rod 30 is of a stepped shaft type structure and is provided with an upper stepped surface, a middle stepped surface and a lower stepped surface, the stepped shaft can be divided into an upper end shaft, an upper middle shaft, a lower middle shaft and a lower end shaft according to different shaft diameter sizes, the upper end shaft is connected with the scale hand wheel 3 and fixed by the upper stepped surface and an M5 multiplied by 8 type screw 5, the upper middle shaft is circumferentially divided into the miniature planar thrust needle bearing I35 and the miniature planar thrust bearing II 36, the former is positioned on the upper side of a groove plane of the inclined adjusting plate 4, the latter is positioned between the middle stepped surface and the inclined adjusting plate 4, and the axial fixation of the two pieces of the bearings is realized by the position relation among the locking nut 34, the inclined adjusting plate 4 and the stepped surface, the lower middle shaft is arranged in the middle oblique inner cavity of the main shell mechanism 21, the circumferential screw nut 29 is fixed on the main shell mechanism 21 by M5X 20 type screws 6, the lower end shaft is connected with a limiting ring 24 and is fixed by using a lower step surface and a shaft retaining ring 23, a first oblique guide rod 25 and a second oblique guide rod 26 are respectively fastened with an oblique adjusting plate 4 by screws and are respectively arranged in the right oblique inner cavity and the left oblique inner cavity of the main shell mechanism 21, before the oblique sliding unit works, a knurled screw 31 is opened, a scale hand wheel 3 is rotated to enable the whole unit to move obliquely, after the scale hand wheel 3 is adjusted to a proper position, the knurled screw 31 is screwed, so that the current position is maintained, when the limiting ring 24 contacts the screw nut 29, the upper limit position of the oblique sliding unit is reached, and when the micro plane thrust needle bearing 36 contacts the screw nut 29, the lower limit position appears, two miniature plane thrust needle roller bearings are arranged in the circumferential direction of the screw rod, the axial positioning of the two bearings is realized by utilizing the stepped surface and the locking nut, the friction influence on the screw rod in the rotating process can be reduced, and the extremely high rigidity can be provided in a small axial space, so that the screw rod is protected to a certain degree, and the service life of the screw rod is prolonged.
The horizontal sliding unit comprises a first horizontal guide rod 16, a second horizontal guide rod 18, a clamping block 19 and an M6 x 30 type screw 20, the first horizontal guide rod 16 and the second horizontal guide rod 18 are respectively arranged in an upper horizontal inner cavity and a lower horizontal inner cavity of a main shell mechanism 21, the tail ends of the first horizontal guide rod 16 and the second horizontal guide rod 18 are fixed with a sliding adjusting plate 17 through screws, the clamping block 19 is arranged on the main shell mechanism 21, a groove at the upper end and a groove at the lower end of the clamping block 19 are respectively contacted with cylindrical surfaces of the first horizontal guide rod 16 and the second horizontal guide rod 18, after the M6 x 30 type screw 20 in the clamping block 19 is screwed down, certain fastening force can be generated on the first horizontal guide rod 16 and the second horizontal guide rod 18 by the clamping block the movement of the horizontal sliding unit, and therefore the current measuring device state is maintained, and after the M6 x 30 type screw 20 is unscrewed, the fastening force is reduced, so that the main shell mechanism 21 can linearly move along the first horizontal guide rod 16 and the second horizontal guide rod 18.
The vertical sliding unit comprises a vertical guide rod gasket 10, a vertical guide rod 11, an elastic check ring 12, a vertical baffle 13, a slide rail 14, a sliding adjusting plate 17 and a clamping panel 39, wherein the sliding adjusting plate 17 is fixed with the clamping panel 39 in a screw connection mode, and is tightly matched with the slide rail 14 by means of the clamping panel 39 so as to ensure the self sliding state, the vertical baffle 13 is fixed with the slide rail 14 through an M5X 16 type screw 38, the adjustment position is kept by utilizing the vertical guide rod 11, the elastic check ring 12 and the vertical guide rod gasket 10, a clamping handle 15 is fixedly connected with the slide rail 14 through screws, the clamping handle 15 is clamped on a lathe tool rest, the measuring device makes axial or radial linear motion along with the lathe tool rest, the vertical sliding unit and the calibration unit are uniformly integrated on a numerical control lathe or a base structure, and are sequentially connected and matched with each other, and the roundness and the axial linearity error measurement efficiency and the accuracy are good.
The reflector 22 is fixedly bonded on the connecting surface of the main shell mechanism and the ultrasonic measuring unit and is positioned at the rear side of the ultrasonic measuring unit and used for receiving a measuring light path from a laser interferometer 50 through an interference mirror 49, the axes of the laser interferometer 50 and the interference mirror 49 are required to be always positioned on the same straight line with the axis of the reflector 22, no barrier exists among the three, so as to ensure the accuracy and stability of the measuring light path, the calibration reference plate 9 is connected by adopting an M5X 16 type screw 37, the ultrasonic probe fixing block 28 is connected by adopting an M5X 16 type screw 27, the ultrasonic probe fixing block 28 fixes the position of the ultrasonic measuring unit by adopting an M6X 8 type screw 41, the ultrasonic measuring unit comprises a water spraying mechanism 40, a running water fixing mechanism 42, a sealing ring 43, a probe chuck 44 and an ultrasonic probe 45, the right end of the running water fixing mechanism 42 is connected with the ultrasonic probe 45 by a self clamping structure, the sealing ring 43 is arranged between the running water fixing mechanism 42 and the ultrasonic probe chuck 45, so as to ensure that the running water does not overflow, the probe chuck 44 is circumferentially arranged at the right end of the running water fixing mechanism 42 is connected with the water chuck 44, the water feeding mechanism can adjust the length of the water feeding pipe according to the requirements of a changing system, and the water feeding pipe, and the pipe 33, and the water feeding mechanism can adapt to the water feeding mechanism according to the requirements of the water feeding mechanism, and the pipe.
Referring to FIGS. 6-7, a triangular chuck 48 is used to secure one end of the workpiece to be measured to the numerically controlled lathe if desiredIf the workpiece is large, the other end of the workpiece needs to be clamped by using a tip, and the tail end of a lathe spindle 47 is externally connected with a rotary encoder 46 in a screw connection mode; the lathe spindle 47 drives the workpiece to make a rotating motion with a constant rotating speed, the eddy current displacement sensor 1 and the ultrasonic probe 45 are triggered by the rotary encoder 46 at regular intervals to perform simultaneous sampling, and the angle needs to satisfy the following requirements:
(n is a positive integer), the angle is easy to determine the position relation between the eddy current displacement sensor 1 and the ultrasonic probe 15, so that the measured data of the eddy current displacement sensor 1 and the ultrasonic probe 15 can keep good consistent correspondence, the displacement value and the thickness value corresponding to a certain position can be obtained simultaneously in one rotation process, the eddy current displacement sensor 1, the ultrasonic probe 45 and the interference mirror 49 of the laser interferometer 50 are integrated on a displacement measuring device in a unified way, and the axes of the eddy current displacement sensor 1 and the ultrasonic probe 45 are ensured to be positioned in the same vertical plane and are separately arranged at intervals of 30 degrees, the displacement measuring device is fastened and connected with a lathe tool rest by virtue of a self-clamping handle structure, the lathe tool rest drives the displacement measuring device to be adjusted along the radial direction, and the measured value of each sensor can be positioned in a reliable measuring range; the lathe tool rest drives the displacement measuring device to feed along the axial direction, and the axial displacement of the displacement measuring device is recorded by utilizing an output light path, a measuring light path, a reflected light path and a converged light path among the laser interferometer 50, the interference mirror 49 and the reflecting mirror 22, so that a plurality of measuring sections are obtained, the rotary encoder 46, the eddy current displacement sensor 1, the ultrasonic probe 45 and the laser interferometer 50 are subjected to data acquisition and processing and are transmitted to the terminal of an upper computer in the form of digital signals, square wave pulse signals of the rotary encoder 46 are connected into a PMAC control card, the PMAC control card is respectively connected into controllers of the eddy current displacement sensor 1 and the ultrasonic probe 45 through an I/O interface by means of trigger pulses generated by a counter and a comparator, and under the sampling control mode, the rotary encoder 46 triggers the eddy current displacement sensor 1 and the ultrasonic probe 45 to simultaneously perform equal-angle sampling on the measuring sections, so that angles between adjacent sample points of the same section can be equal, and the measuring precision is improved; can also ensure the sample of each measured sectionThe number of points is the same, which is convenient for subsequent evaluation.
The measurement coordinate system established by taking the intersection point of the axes of the eddy current displacement sensor 1 and the ultrasonic probe 45 as an origin is o ' -x ' y ' z ', the axis direction of a main shaft is a z ' coordinate axis, the horizontal direction is an x ' coordinate axis, the vertical direction is a y ' coordinate axis, on an initial measurement section, the intersection point of the axes of the eddy current displacement sensor 1 and the ultrasonic probe 45 is made to fall on the workpiece axis as much as possible by adjusting the vertical sliding unit and the oblique sliding unit, and the measurement coordinate system of the section is taken as an absolute coordinate system o-xyz; the horizontal sliding unit and the displacement measuring rod 2 are adjusted to enable the measuring values of the two sensors to fall within respective reliable measuring range ranges so as to meet the using conditions of the sensors, the distance L from the original point of the measuring coordinate system to the transmitting end of the eddy current displacement sensor 1 is obtained through measurement and calibration, and the eddy current displacement sensor 1 measures to obtain the displacement value from the corresponding measuring point on the outer surface of the long hole part to the transmitting end of the sensor so as to describe the actual profile of the outer surface of the workpiece; the ultrasonic probe 45 obtains a wall thickness value h of the workpiece through non-contact measurement, the wall thickness value h refers to a distance value from the outer surface to the corresponding inner surface in the connecting line direction of the outer surface of the workpiece and the origin of a measurement coordinate system, the description of the inner surface profile of the workpiece is realized according to a geometric relationship, because the eddy current displacement sensor 1 and the ultrasonic probe 45 are arranged at an interval of 30 degrees, when data is processed, the nth measuring point corresponding to the eddy current displacement sensor 1 corresponds to the first measuring point corresponding to the ultrasonic probe 45, so that the measuring points of the two sensors are consistent, through the arrangement and processing method, the displacement value e and the wall thickness value h of all measuring points on one measurement section can be obtained at the same time through one-time rotation, and the distance R from the origin of the measurement coordinate to each measurement position on the inner surface of the hole part can be calculated according to the formula (1).
R＝L-e-h (1)
On each measuring section, according to the solved distance R, the rotation angle recorded by the rotary encoder 46 and the distance l of the measuring section axially moving recorded by the laser interferometer 50, the coordinate value of each measuring position under the absolute coordinate is obtained by calculation according to the formula (2), the section roundness error and the section circle center coordinate value are solved by using a correlation evaluation algorithm, after the circle center coordinates of a plurality of measuring sections are obtained, the circle center coordinates are subjected to linear fitting by using a linearity error evaluation method, and thus the axis linearity error value is obtained.
Referring to fig. 8, it can be known from the measurement principle that a distance value L from an intersection point (i.e., an origin of a measurement coordinate system) of axes of the eddy current displacement sensor 1 and the ultrasonic probe 45 to a transmitting end of the eddy current displacement sensor 1 on the measuring apparatus needs to be calibrated, and according to a geometric relationship, the parameter value L can be calculated according to the following formula (3):
L＝3r 1 +2h 1 +2h 2 -l 1 (3)
wherein r is 1 To calibrate the spherical radius,/ 1 Is the distance value h from the transmitting end of the eddy current displacement sensor 1 to the tail end of the calibration ball 8 2 In order to calibrate the distance value from the reference plane of the reference plate 9 to the axis of the ultrasonic probe 45, the parameter values can be measured by a three-coordinate measuring machine after the assembly is finished and are always constant; h is 1 In order to calibrate the distance value from the reference plane of the reference plate 9 to the lower end of the calibration ball 8, the loose gauge block designed by the invention can be used for measurement, the loose gauge block is arranged between the reference plane of the calibration reference plate 9 and the lower end of the calibration ball 8, and the gauge block is continuously adjusted to ensure that the upper and lower measuring surfaces of the loose gauge block are respectively contacted with the lower end of the calibration ball 8 and the reference plane of the calibration reference plate 9; and measuring the thickness value of the measuring block by using a micrometer to obtain a distance value.
Referring to fig. 9, the adjustable gauge block comprises: the locking screw 56, the rotating block 57, the fixed block 58 and the thimble 59 are locked, the upper surface of the rotating block 57 is used as the upper measuring surface of the adjustable gauge block, the lower surface of the fixed block 58 is used as the lower measuring surface of the adjustable gauge block, the locking screw 56 is opened, the rotating block 57 is rotated clockwise or anticlockwise, the thread part slides along the thimble 59, and the whole thickness of the gauge block is changed; tightening the locking screw 56 maintains the current gauge block thickness.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. A long hole part shape error measuring device is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a base device, a measuring device, a calibration device and a sliding device;
the basic device comprises a main shell mechanism and a lathe spindle;
the sliding device comprises an oblique sliding unit, a horizontal sliding unit and a vertical sliding unit, and is fixedly connected with the main shell mechanism;
the measuring device comprises an angle measuring device, an interferometer, an interference mirror, a reflecting mirror, a displacement measuring device and an ultrasonic measuring device, wherein the angle measuring device is fixed at one end of the lathe spindle, the ultrasonic measuring device is fixed on the main shell mechanism and is kept horizontal to the rotary axis of the lathe spindle, the reflecting mirror is fixed on the connecting surface of the main shell mechanism and the ultrasonic measuring device, and the axis angles of the displacement measuring device and the ultrasonic measuring device are always kept constant and are positioned in the same vertical plane;
the calibration device comprises a calibration ball and a calibration reference plate; the interferometer, the interference mirror and the reflector are arranged coaxially, the calibration ball is fixedly connected with the displacement measuring device, and the calibration reference plate is arranged on the main shell mechanism;
the angle measuring device is in communication connection with a computer, and the displacement measuring device, the ultrasonic measuring device and the interferometer are in communication connection with the computer through respective controllers;
the ultrasonic measuring device comprises a water spraying mechanism, a flowing water fixing mechanism, probe chucks and an ultrasonic probe, wherein the flowing water fixing mechanism is fixedly connected with the ultrasonic probe, a plurality of probe chucks are circumferentially arranged on the outer side of the flowing water fixing mechanism, the flowing water fixing mechanism is communicated with the water spraying mechanism, and the side wall of the water spraying mechanism is communicated with a water pipe;
the main shell mechanism is provided with a middle oblique inner cavity, a right oblique inner cavity, a left oblique inner cavity, an upper horizontal inner cavity and a lower horizontal inner cavity;
the slant slip unit includes: the device comprises a scale hand wheel, an inclined adjusting plate, a micro plane thrust needle bearing, a screw nut, a screw rod, a limiting ring and two inclined guide rods, wherein the screw nut is fixed on the main shell mechanism, and the two inclined guide rods are respectively fastened with the inclined adjusting plate; one end of the screw rod is connected with the scale hand wheel, the other end of the screw rod is connected with the limiting ring, two micro plane thrust needle roller bearings are circumferentially arranged on the screw rod, and the inclined guide rods are respectively arranged in the right inclined inner cavity and the left inclined inner cavity;
the displacement measuring device comprises an eddy current displacement sensor and a displacement measuring rod, the eddy current displacement sensor is fixedly connected to one end of the displacement measuring rod, the calibration ball is fixedly connected to the other end of the displacement measuring rod, a signal cable of the eddy current displacement sensor penetrates through the inner cavity of the displacement measuring rod from the side wall and is connected with the controller, and the displacement measuring rod is fixedly connected with the oblique adjusting plate;
the axes of the eddy current displacement sensor and the ultrasonic probe are always kept at a constant included angle of 30 degrees.
2. A long hole part shape error measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vertical sliding unit comprises: vertical guide arm, vertical baffle, slide rail, the accent board that slides and press from both sides tight panel fixed connection, the accent board that slides with press from both sides tight panel fixed connection, press from both sides tight panel with the slide rail tight fit, vertical baffle with slide rail fixed connection, vertical guide arm set up in well oblique to the intracavity.
3. The long hole part shape error measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the horizontal sliding unit comprises: the clamping block and the two horizontal guide rods, the cylindrical surfaces of the two horizontal guide rods of the horizontal sliding unit are respectively contacted with the grooves at the upper end and the lower end of the clamping block, the horizontal guide rods are fixedly connected with the sliding adjusting plate, and the horizontal guide rods are arranged in the upper horizontal inner cavity and the lower horizontal inner cavity.
4. A long hole type part shape error measuring device according to claim 1, wherein said angle measuring device is a rotary encoder.
5. A long hole part shape error measuring device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the rotary encoder is connected with the computer through a PMAC control card, and the PMAC control card is respectively connected with the eddy current displacement sensor and the controller of the ultrasonic probe through I/O interfaces.
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