CN114082987A - Method for designing gradient structure of high manganese steel frog manufactured by additive manufacturing and steel rail for railway - Google Patents

Method for designing gradient structure of high manganese steel frog manufactured by additive manufacturing and steel rail for railway Download PDF

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CN114082987A
CN114082987A CN202111197546.7A CN202111197546A CN114082987A CN 114082987 A CN114082987 A CN 114082987A CN 202111197546 A CN202111197546 A CN 202111197546A CN 114082987 A CN114082987 A CN 114082987A
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frog
steel rail
railway
steel
gradient structure
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CN114082987B (en
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刘世锋
韩李雄
王岩
廖相巍
魏瑛康
杨鑫
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Xian University of Architecture and Technology
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Xian University of Architecture and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/10—Additive manufacturing, e.g. 3D printing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for designing a gradient structure of a steel rail for additive manufacturing of a high manganese steel frog and a railway, which belongs to the technical field of frog manufacturing and comprises the following steps of S1: establishing a three-dimensional data model of a frog and railway steel rail gradient structure through Solidworks software; s2: importing the optimized frog and the three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the steel rail for the railway into Materialise Magics software for slicing; s3: converting the format of a steel rail gradient structure slice model file for a frog and a railway; s4: setting printing equipment parameters and printing; s5: monitoring the whole printing process until the printing is finished; s6: blowing powder on the surface of the steel rail-frog part and removing support; the invention connects the frog with the rail by integral printing, compared with the traditional welding, the finished rail-frog part prepared by the invention has higher impact resistance and higher wear resistance.

Description

Method for designing gradient structure of high manganese steel frog manufactured by additive manufacturing and steel rail for railway
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of frog manufacturing, in particular to a method for designing a gradient structure of a high manganese steel frog and a steel rail for a railway in additive manufacturing.
Background
The frog is a very important part in a railway, and the connection mode of the high manganese steel frog and the high carbon steel rail is a researched hot spot and is also a difficult point of the traditional railway design. The traditional method is welding, because the high-carbon steel rail steel requires slow cooling in the welding process to prevent martensite from appearing in a heat affected zone and generate larger thermal stress, and the high-manganese steel is easy to precipitate carbide along austenite grain boundaries and generate grain growth phenomenon in the heat affected zone in the welding process, which can cause strong attenuation of the performance of the high-manganese steel, therefore, the high-manganese steel is required to be cooled as fast as possible after being welded. In addition, the thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials have larger difference, and the direct welding generates large internal stress at the welding joint, so that the strength and the toughness of the welding joint are reduced, and the fatigue life of the welding joint is also shortened.
Although the railway frog is made of wear-resistant steel rails, the frog is worn quickly under the action of impact load, particularly at the part where the frog is connected with the steel rails, the frog is worn quickly due to obvious hardness difference between the frog and the steel rails, and the frog is also the most stressed and worn part in the railway. When a train passes through, huge impact can be generated, the service life of the frog is shortened, and the maintenance workload is increased.
At present, the railway of China develops towards high speed and heavy load, the frog is the most stressed part in the railway line, and the manufacture of the anti-impact load and anti-abrasion frog is the trend of development. It is difficult to meet the demand for faster and faster development by media joining rail-frog, and a method is needed that avoids the reduction of impact and wear resistance due to joining cracks and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for designing a gradient structure of a high manganese steel frog and a steel rail for a railway by additive manufacturing.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a design method for manufacturing a gradient structure of a high manganese steel frog and a steel rail for a railway in an additive mode comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a three-dimensional data model of the frog and the railway steel rail gradient structure by adopting Solidworks software, and optimizing the steel rail-frog structure by the data model through topological optimization to obtain an optimized frog and railway steel rail gradient structure three-dimensional data model;
s2: importing the optimized frog and the three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the steel rail for the railway into Materialise Magics software, adding support to the optimized frog and the gradient structure of the steel rail for the railway, setting the slice thickness to be 35-45 mu m according to printing preset, and storing the slice file to obtain a slice model file of the gradient structure of the frog and the steel rail for the railway;
s3: converting the format of the obtained frog and railway steel rail gradient structure slice model file into a file format which can be identified by printing equipment to obtain a frog and railway steel rail gradient structure slice identifiable model file;
s4: leading the identifiable model file of the steel rail gradient structure slice for the frog and the railway into printing equipment, and setting printing parameters and a scanning strategy in the printing equipment;
s5: monitoring the whole printing process until the printing is finished to obtain a steel rail-frog part;
s6: and blowing powder on the surface of the steel rail-frog part, removing redundant powder, and removing the supporting part of the steel rail-frog part to obtain a finished steel rail-frog part.
Further, the scanning strategy in step S4 is a honeycomb scanning strategy, the scanning strategy adopts a honeycomb scanning strategy, and compared with a conventional checkerboard scanning strategy, a square is changed into a regular hexagon, and stress is born by six corners, so that the phenomenon of stress concentration is greatly reduced.
Furthermore, the frog and the frog part in the gradient structure of the steel rail for the railway are printed by adopting high manganese steel powder, the frog and the steel rail part in the gradient structure of the steel rail for the railway are printed by adopting carbon steel metal powder, the frog is the most stressed and seriously worn part in the railway, so the frog is printed by adopting the high manganese steel powder, and the steel rail is printed by adopting the carbon steel powder to meet the normal use requirement.
Furthermore, the printing equipment adopts a laser array and a high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system to print the metal powder, the printing speed is improved through the laser array and the high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system, and meanwhile, the printing of the integrated part by using different metal powder is realized, and the printing of the steel rail-frog gradient structure is realized.
Further, the high manganese steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.9-1.2%, Mn: 11-14.0%, Si: 0.3-1%, S is less than or equal to 0.05%, P is less than or equal to 0.08%, and the balance is Fe; the carbon steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: is C: 0.54-0.71%, Si: 0.35-1.15%, Mn: 0.7-1.42%, Cr: 0.2-0.7%, Cu: 0.2-0.6%, Nb: 0.01-0.06%, V: 0.05 to 0.10%, Ni: 0.1-0.3%, Mo: 0.15-0.35 percent and the balance of Fe, the frog printed by the high manganese steel metal powder has high impact resistance and high wear resistance, and the carbon steel metal powder has high wear resistance and can prolong the service life of the steel rail.
Furthermore, the high manganese steel metal powder and the carbon steel metal powder are both prepared by PREP plasma rotating electrode atomization powder making equipment, and the efficiency of preparing the metal powder is high.
Furthermore, the particle size of the high manganese steel metal powder is 15-60 mu m, and the particle size of the carbon steel metal powder is 50-100 mu m, so that the particle size preparation is favorable for improving the wear resistance and the compressive strength of the finished steel rail-frog component.
Further, before the metal powder is subjected to laser printing in the step S4, the equipment is vacuumized to a vacuum degree of 3-4Pa, and then argon gas is introduced into the equipment until the internal air pressure of the printing equipment is 0.1-0.13MPa, so that the performance reduction of the part caused by the oxidation of the metal powder in the printing process is prevented.
Furthermore, the sphericity of the high manganese steel metal powder and the sphericity of the carbon steel metal powder are both 0.8-0.9, and the obtained finished product steel rail-frog component has smooth surface and excellent mechanical property.
Further, the printing parameters in the step S4 include laser power of 200-.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention realizes additive manufacturing by using a mode of small laser spot and high focusing energy, and realizes gradient structural change of the steel rail steel-high manganese steel along with the internal structural change of the steel rail-frog through the laser array and the high-flux nozzle, thereby realizing the integrated forming of the steel rail-frog.
(2) According to the invention, the printing speed is improved through a laser array and high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system, meanwhile, different metal powder is used for printing an integrated part, the printing of a steel rail-frog gradient structure is realized, the formed metal part has higher precision, the surface can reach the use standard after being slightly polished, the mechanical property is excellent, the formed metal part can generally reach the level of a forged piece, even the performance of the formed metal part is better than that of the forged piece, the formed part does not need to be subjected to heat treatment generally, and the mechanical property can be obviously improved sometimes by performing simple heat treatment for enhancing the mechanical property.
(3) The invention connects the frog with the rail by integral printing, compared with the traditional welding, the finished rail-frog part prepared by the invention has higher impact resistance and higher wear resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a gradient structure view of a frog and a railway rail according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of additive manufacturing according to the present invention.
Figure 3 is a diagram of the cellular scanning strategy of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The design method for the gradient structure of the high manganese steel frog and the steel rail for the railway manufactured by the additive manufacturing comprises the following steps:
s1: as shown in fig. 1, a three-dimensional data model of a frog and a railway steel rail gradient structure is established by using solid works software, and the data model optimizes the steel rail-frog structure through topological optimization to obtain an optimized frog and railway steel rail gradient structure three-dimensional data model;
s2: importing the optimized frog and the three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the steel rail for the railway into Materialise Magics software, adding support to the optimized frog and the gradient structure of the steel rail for the railway, setting the slice thickness to be 35 mu m according to printing presetting, and storing the slice file to obtain a slice model file of the gradient structure of the frog and the steel rail for the railway;
s3: converting the format of the obtained frog and railway steel rail gradient structure slice model file into a file format which can be identified by printing equipment to obtain a frog and railway steel rail gradient structure slice identifiable model file;
s4: as shown in fig. 2, the identifiable model file of the frog and the railway steel rail gradient structure slice is led into a printing device, printing parameters and a scanning strategy are set in the printing device, the printing device adopts a laser array and a high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system to print metal powder, the printing speed is improved through the laser array and the high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system, and meanwhile, the printing of the steel rail-frog gradient structure is realized by printing an integrated part with different metal powder;
s5: monitoring the whole printing process until the printing is finished to obtain a steel rail-frog part;
s6: and blowing powder on the surface of the steel rail-frog part, removing redundant powder, and removing the supporting part of the steel rail-frog part to obtain a finished steel rail-frog part.
As shown in fig. 3, the scanning strategy in step S4 is a honeycomb scanning strategy, the scanning strategy adopts a honeycomb scanning strategy, and compared with the conventional checkerboard scanning strategy, the scanning strategy changes from a square shape to a regular hexagon, and the stress is born by six corners, so that the stress concentration phenomenon is greatly reduced.
The frog and the steel rail part in the steel rail gradient structure for the railway are printed by adopting high manganese steel powder, the frog and the steel rail part in the steel rail gradient structure for the railway are printed by adopting carbon steel metal powder, the frog is a part with the largest stress and the most serious abrasion in the railway, so the frog is printed by adopting the high manganese steel powder, and the steel rail is printed by adopting the carbon steel powder to meet the normal use requirement;
the high manganese steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.9%, Mn: 11%, Si: 0.3%, S: 0.04%, P: 0.05 percent and the balance of Fe; the carbon steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: is C: 0.54%, Si: 0.35%, Mn: 0.7%, Cr: 0.2%, Cu: 0.2%, Nb: 0.01%, V: 0.05%, Ni: 0.1%, Mo: 0.15 percent, and the balance being Fe, wherein the frog printed by the high manganese steel metal powder has high impact resistance and high wear resistance, and the carbon steel metal powder has high wear resistance and can prolong the service life of the steel rail;
the high manganese steel metal powder and the carbon steel metal powder are prepared by PREP plasma rotating electrode atomization powder making equipment, so that the efficiency of preparing the metal powder is high;
the grain size of the high manganese steel metal powder is 15-20 mu m, and the grain size of the carbon steel metal powder is 50-60 mu m, so that the grain size preparation is favorable for improving the wear resistance and the compressive strength of the finished steel rail-frog part;
the sphericity of the high manganese steel metal powder and the sphericity of the carbon steel metal powder are both 0.8, and the obtained finished product steel rail-frog component has smooth surface and excellent mechanical property.
Before the metal powder is subjected to laser printing in the step S4, equipment is vacuumized, the vacuum degree is 3Pa, then argon is introduced into the equipment until the internal air pressure of the printing equipment is 0.1MPa, and the performance reduction of parts caused by the oxidation of the metal powder in the printing process is prevented.
The printing parameters in the step S4 include that the laser power is 200W, the scanning speed is 650mm/S, the scanning distance is 0.07mm, and the powder spreading layer thickness is consistent with the slice thickness in the step S2.
Example 2
The design method for the gradient structure of the high manganese steel frog and the steel rail for the railway manufactured by the additive manufacturing comprises the following steps:
s1: as shown in fig. 1, a three-dimensional data model of a frog and a railway steel rail gradient structure is established by using solid works software, and the data model optimizes the steel rail-frog structure through topological optimization to obtain an optimized frog and railway steel rail gradient structure three-dimensional data model;
s2: importing the optimized frog and the three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the steel rail for the railway into Materialise Magics software, adding support to the optimized frog and the gradient structure of the steel rail for the railway, setting the slice thickness to be 40 mu m according to printing presetting, and storing the slice file to obtain a slice model file of the gradient structure of the frog and the steel rail for the railway;
s3: converting the format of the obtained frog and railway steel rail gradient structure slice model file into a file format which can be identified by printing equipment to obtain a frog and railway steel rail gradient structure slice identifiable model file;
s4: as shown in fig. 2, the identifiable model file of the frog and the railway steel rail gradient structure slice is led into a printing device, printing parameters and a scanning strategy are set in the printing device, the printing device adopts a laser array and a high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system to print metal powder, the printing speed is improved through the laser array and the high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system, and meanwhile, the printing of the steel rail-frog gradient structure is realized by printing an integrated part with different metal powder;
s5: monitoring the whole printing process until the printing is finished to obtain a steel rail-frog part;
s6: and blowing powder on the surface of the steel rail-frog part, removing redundant powder, and removing the supporting part of the steel rail-frog part to obtain a finished steel rail-frog part.
As shown in fig. 3, the scanning strategy in step S4 is a honeycomb scanning strategy, the scanning strategy adopts a honeycomb scanning strategy, and compared with the conventional checkerboard scanning strategy, the scanning strategy changes from a square shape to a regular hexagon, and the stress is born by six corners, so that the stress concentration phenomenon is greatly reduced.
The frog and the steel rail part in the steel rail gradient structure for the railway are printed by adopting high manganese steel powder, the frog and the steel rail part in the steel rail gradient structure for the railway are printed by adopting carbon steel metal powder, the frog is a part with the largest stress and the most serious abrasion in the railway, so the frog is printed by adopting the high manganese steel powder, and the steel rail is printed by adopting the carbon steel powder to meet the normal use requirement;
the high manganese steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 1%, Mn: 12.0%, Si: 0.8%, S: 0: 04%, P0.07%, and the balance Fe; the carbon steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: is C: 0.6%, Si: 0.87%, Mn: 1.11%, Cr: 0.5%, Cu: 0.4%, Nb: 0.04%, V: 0.08%, Ni: 0.7%, Mo: 0.25 percent of Fe, and the balance of Fe, wherein the frog printed by the high manganese steel metal powder has high impact resistance and high wear resistance, and the carbon steel metal powder has high wear resistance and can prolong the service life of the steel rail;
the high manganese steel metal powder and the carbon steel metal powder are prepared by PREP plasma rotating electrode atomization powder making equipment, so that the efficiency of preparing the metal powder is high;
the grain size of the high manganese steel metal powder is 20-40 mu m, and the grain size of the carbon steel metal powder is 60-80 mu m, so that the grain size preparation is favorable for improving the wear resistance and the compressive strength of the finished steel rail-frog part;
the sphericity of the high manganese steel metal powder and the sphericity of the carbon steel metal powder are both 0.87, and the obtained finished product steel rail-frog part has smooth surface and excellent mechanical property.
Before the metal powder is subjected to laser printing in the step S4, equipment is vacuumized, the vacuum degree is 4Pa, then argon gas is introduced into the equipment until the internal air pressure of the printing equipment is 0.11MPa, and the performance reduction of parts caused by the oxidation of the metal powder in the printing process is prevented.
The printing parameters in the step S4 include that the laser power is 220W, the scanning speed is 700mm/S, the scanning interval is 0.08mm, and the powder spreading layer thickness is consistent with the slice thickness in the step S2.
Example 3
The design method for the gradient structure of the high manganese steel frog and the steel rail for the railway manufactured by the additive manufacturing comprises the following steps:
s1: as shown in fig. 1, a three-dimensional data model of a frog and a railway steel rail gradient structure is established by using solid works software, and the data model optimizes the steel rail-frog structure through topological optimization to obtain an optimized frog and railway steel rail gradient structure three-dimensional data model;
s2: importing the optimized frog and the three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the steel rail for the railway into Materialise Magics software, adding support to the optimized frog and the gradient structure of the steel rail for the railway, setting the slice thickness to be 45 mu m according to printing presetting, and storing the slice file to obtain a slice model file of the gradient structure of the frog and the steel rail for the railway;
s3: converting the format of the obtained frog and railway steel rail gradient structure slice model file into a file format which can be identified by printing equipment to obtain a frog and railway steel rail gradient structure slice identifiable model file;
s4: as shown in fig. 2, the identifiable model file of the frog and the railway steel rail gradient structure slice is led into a printing device, printing parameters and a scanning strategy are set in the printing device, the printing device adopts a laser array and a high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system to print metal powder, the printing speed is improved through the laser array and the high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system, and meanwhile, the printing of the steel rail-frog gradient structure is realized by printing an integrated part with different metal powder;
s5: monitoring the whole printing process until the printing is finished to obtain a steel rail-frog part;
s6: and blowing powder on the surface of the steel rail-frog part, removing redundant powder, and removing the supporting part of the steel rail-frog part to obtain a finished steel rail-frog part.
As shown in fig. 3, the scanning strategy in step S4 is a honeycomb scanning strategy, the scanning strategy adopts a honeycomb scanning strategy, and compared with the conventional checkerboard scanning strategy, the scanning strategy changes from a square shape to a regular hexagon, and the stress is born by six corners, so that the stress concentration phenomenon is greatly reduced.
The frog and the steel rail part in the steel rail gradient structure for the railway are printed by adopting high manganese steel powder, the frog and the steel rail part in the steel rail gradient structure for the railway are printed by adopting carbon steel metal powder, the frog is a part with the largest stress and the most serious abrasion in the railway, so the frog is printed by adopting the high manganese steel powder, and the steel rail is printed by adopting the carbon steel powder to meet the normal use requirement;
the high manganese steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 1.2%, Mn: 14.0%, Si: 1%, S: 0.05%, P: 0.08 percent, and the balance being Fe; the carbon steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: is C: 0.71%, Si: 1.15%, Mn: 1.42%, Cr: 0.70%, Cu: 0.6%, Nb: 0.06%, V: 0.10%, Ni: 0.3%, Mo: 0.35 percent and the balance of Fe, the frog printed by the high manganese steel metal powder has high impact resistance and high wear resistance, and the carbon steel metal powder has high wear resistance and can prolong the service life of the steel rail;
the high manganese steel metal powder and the carbon steel metal powder are prepared by PREP plasma rotating electrode atomization powder making equipment, so that the efficiency of preparing the metal powder is high;
the grain size of the high manganese steel metal powder is 40-60 mu m, and the grain size of the carbon steel metal powder is 80-100 mu m, so that the grain size preparation is favorable for improving the wear resistance and the compressive strength of the finished steel rail-frog part;
the sphericity of the high manganese steel metal powder and the sphericity of the carbon steel metal powder are both 0.9, and the obtained finished product steel rail-frog component has smooth surface and excellent mechanical property.
Before the metal powder is subjected to laser printing in the step S4, equipment is vacuumized, the vacuum degree is 4Pa, then argon is introduced into the equipment until the internal air pressure of the printing equipment is 0.13MPa, and the performance reduction of parts caused by the oxidation of the metal powder in the printing process is prevented.
The printing parameters in the step S4 include that the laser power is 250W, the scanning speed is 750mm/S, the scanning distance is 0.09mm, and the powder spreading layer thickness is consistent with the slice thickness in the step S2.
Comparative examples 1-3 the finished rail-frog assembly prepared in example 2 was found to have the best wear resistance and impact resistance, and thus example 2 is the best example.

Claims (10)

1. The design method for the gradient structure of the high manganese steel frog and the steel rail for the railway through additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: establishing a three-dimensional data model of the frog and the railway steel rail gradient structure by adopting Solidworks software, and optimizing the steel rail-frog structure by the data model through topological optimization to obtain an optimized frog and railway steel rail gradient structure three-dimensional data model;
s2: importing the optimized frog and railway steel rail gradient structure three-dimensional data model into materialism networks software, adding support to the optimized frog and railway steel rail gradient structure, setting the slice thickness to be 35-45 mu m according to printing presetting, and storing slice files to obtain frog and railway steel rail gradient structure slice model files;
s3: converting the format of the obtained frog and railway steel rail gradient structure slice model file into a file format which can be identified by printing equipment to obtain a frog and railway steel rail gradient structure slice identifiable model file;
s4: leading the identifiable model file of the steel rail gradient structure slice for the frog and the railway into printing equipment, and setting printing parameters and a scanning strategy in the printing equipment;
s5: monitoring the whole printing process until the printing is finished to obtain a steel rail-frog part;
s6: and blowing powder on the surface of the steel rail-frog part, removing redundant powder, and removing the supporting part of the steel rail-frog part to obtain a finished steel rail-frog part.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the scanning strategy in step S4 is a honeycomb scanning strategy.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the frog portion of the gradient frog-to-rail structure is printed with high manganese steel powder, and the rail portion of the gradient frog-to-rail structure is printed with carbon steel metal powder.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the printing device prints metal powder using a laser array and a high throughput multi-nozzle deposition system.
5. The method for designing a gradient structure of a high manganese steel frog and a steel rail for a railway according to claim 3, wherein the high manganese steel metal powder consists of the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.9-1.2%, Mn: 11-14.0%, Si: 0.3-1%, S is less than or equal to 0.05%, P is less than or equal to 0.08%, and the balance is Fe; the carbon steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: is C: 0.54-0.71%, Si: 0.35-1.15%, Mn: 0.7-1.42%, Cr: 0.2-0.7%, Cu: 0.2-0.6%, Nb: 0.01-0.06%, V: 0.05 to 0.10%, Ni: 0.1-0.3%, Mo: 0.15-0.35% and the balance Fe.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the high manganese steel metal powder and the carbon steel metal powder are both prepared by a PREP plasma rotary electrode atomization powder making device.
7. The method for designing a gradient structure for the additive manufacturing of a high manganese steel frog and a steel rail for a railway according to claim 3, wherein the grain size of the high manganese steel metal powder is 15-60 μm, and the grain size of the carbon steel metal powder is 50-100 μm.
8. The method for designing a gradient structure of a high manganese steel frog and a steel rail for a railway in an additive manufacturing manner according to claim 1, wherein before the metal powder is printed by laser in the step S4, the equipment is vacuumized to a vacuum degree of 3-4Pa, and then argon is introduced into the equipment until the internal pressure of the printing equipment is 0.1-0.13 MPa.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the printing parameters in step S4 include laser power of 200-.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the printing parameters in step S4 include laser power of 200-.
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