CN114082987B - Gradient structure design method for additive manufacturing of high manganese steel frog and railway steel rail - Google Patents

Gradient structure design method for additive manufacturing of high manganese steel frog and railway steel rail Download PDF

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CN114082987B
CN114082987B CN202111197546.7A CN202111197546A CN114082987B CN 114082987 B CN114082987 B CN 114082987B CN 202111197546 A CN202111197546 A CN 202111197546A CN 114082987 B CN114082987 B CN 114082987B
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frog
rail
railway
gradient structure
printing
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CN114082987A (en
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刘世锋
韩李雄
王岩
廖相巍
魏瑛康
杨鑫
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Xian University of Architecture and Technology
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    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a design method for a gradient structure of a high manganese steel frog for additive manufacturing and a railway steel rail, which belongs to the technical field of frog manufacturing and comprises the following steps of S1: establishing a three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail through Solidworks software; s2: importing the optimized three-dimensional data model of the frog and the railway steel rail gradient structure into Materialise Magics software for slicing; s3: converting the format of a steel rail gradient structure slice model file for frog and railway; s4: setting printing equipment parameters and printing; s5: monitoring the whole printing process until the printing is finished; s6: blowing powder on the surface of the steel rail-frog part and removing support; compared with the traditional welding, the finished steel rail-frog part prepared by the invention has higher impact resistance and higher wear resistance.

Description

Gradient structure design method for additive manufacturing of high manganese steel frog and railway steel rail
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of frog manufacturing, in particular to a design method for a gradient structure of a high manganese steel frog for additive manufacturing and a railway steel rail.
Background
The frog is a very important part in the railway, and the connection mode of the high manganese steel frog and the high carbon steel rail is always a hot spot to be explored, and is also a difficulty in the traditional railway design. The conventional method is to use welding, because the high-carbon steel rail steel is required to be slowly cooled in the welding process so as to prevent martensite from occurring in a heat affected zone and generate larger thermal stress, and carbide is extremely easy to precipitate along an austenite grain boundary and grain growth phenomenon occurs in the heat affected zone in the welding process, which can cause strong attenuation of the performance of the high-manganese steel, so that the high-manganese steel is required to be cooled as soon as possible after welding. In addition, the thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials are greatly different, and after direct welding, great internal stress is generated at the welding joint, so that the strength and toughness of the welding joint are reduced, and the fatigue life of the welding joint is also reduced.
The railway frog is manufactured by adopting the wear-resistant steel rail, but the wear is faster due to the impact load, especially the hardness difference between the two parts is obvious at the joint of the frog and the steel rail, and the wear is faster, and the frog is the most stressed and most severely worn part in the railway. When a train passes through, huge impact is generated, the service life of the frog is shortened, and the maintenance workload is increased.
At present, the railways in China are developed towards high speed and heavy load, the frog is the most stressed part in the railway line, and the frog with impact load resistance and abrasion resistance is produced. It is difficult to meet the rapid development of the connection of rail-frog by means of medium, and a method is required to avoid the reduction of impact resistance and wear resistance due to the connection cracks and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a design method for manufacturing a high manganese steel frog and a railway steel rail gradient structure in an additive way.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a design method for a gradient structure of a high manganese steel frog and a railway steel rail for additive manufacturing comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the rail frog and the railway rail by adopting Solidworks software, and optimizing the structure of the rail frog by the data model through topological optimization to obtain the three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the rail frog and the railway rail frog after optimization;
s2: importing Materialise Magics software into an optimized three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail, adding support to the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail, presetting the slice thickness to be 35-45 mu m according to printing, and storing slice files to obtain slice model files of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail;
s3: converting the format of the obtained rail gradient structure slice model file for the frog and the railway into a file format recognizable by printing equipment, and obtaining the rail gradient structure slice recognizable model file for the frog and the railway;
s4: importing identifiable model files of the frog and the railway steel rail gradient structure slice into printing equipment, and setting printing parameters and a scanning strategy in the printing equipment;
s5: monitoring the whole printing process until the printing is finished, and obtaining a steel rail-frog part;
s6: and (3) blowing powder to the surface of the steel rail-frog part, removing redundant powder, and removing the supporting part of the steel rail-frog part to obtain the finished steel rail-frog part.
Further, the scanning strategy in step S4 is a honeycomb scanning strategy, the scanning strategy adopts a honeycomb scanning strategy, and compared with the traditional checkerboard scanning strategy, the square deformation is changed into a regular hexagon, the stress is borne by six corners, the stress concentration phenomenon is greatly reduced, and the scanning strategy adopts a honeycomb scanning strategy, so that the phenomena of cracking, deformation, warping and the like in the printing process can be effectively reduced, and the thermal stress can be borne in a scattered manner.
Furthermore, the frog part in the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail is printed by adopting high manganese steel powder, the frog part in the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail is printed by adopting carbon steel metal powder, and the frog is the part with the greatest stress and most serious abrasion in the railway, so that the high manganese steel powder is adopted for printing, and the normal use requirement is met by adopting the carbon steel powder for printing.
Furthermore, the printing equipment prints the metal powder by adopting a laser array and a high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system, the printing speed is improved by adopting the laser array and the high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system, and meanwhile, the printing of integrated parts by using different metal powders is realized, so that the printing of a steel rail-frog gradient structure is realized.
Further, the high manganese steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c:0.9-1.2%, mn:11-14.0%, si:0.3-1%, S is less than or equal to 0.05%, P is less than or equal to 0.08%, and the balance is Fe; the carbon steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: is C:0.54-0.71%, si:0.35-1.15%, mn:0.7-1.42%, cr:0.2-0.7%, cu:0.2-0.6%, nb:0.01-0.06%, V:0.05-0.10%, ni:0.1-0.3%, mo:0.15-0.35%, and the balance being Fe, the frog printed by the high manganese steel metal powder has high impact resistance and high wear resistance, and the carbon steel metal powder has high wear resistance, so that the service life of the steel rail can be prolonged.
Furthermore, the high manganese steel metal powder and the carbon steel metal powder are prepared by PREP plasma rotary electrode atomization powder making equipment, and the metal powder preparation efficiency is high.
Further, the grain size of the high manganese steel metal powder is 15-60 mu m, and the grain size of the carbon steel metal powder is 50-100 mu m, so that the grain size is beneficial to improving the wear resistance and the compressive strength of the finished steel rail-frog part.
Further, before laser printing is performed on the metal powder in the step S4, vacuumizing treatment is performed on the equipment, the vacuum degree is 3-4Pa, and then argon is introduced into the equipment until the internal air pressure of the printing equipment is 0.1-0.13MPa, so that the performance of the part is prevented from being reduced due to oxidation of the metal powder in the printing process.
Further, the sphericity of the high manganese steel metal powder and the carbon steel metal powder is 0.8-0.9, and the obtained finished steel rail-frog part has smooth surface and excellent mechanical property.
Further, the printing parameters in the step S4 comprise laser power of 200-250W, scanning speed of 650-750mm/S, scanning interval of 0.07-0.09mm, and powder spreading layer thickness consistent with slice thickness in the step S2, so that the efficiency of printing the steel rail-frog part is highest under the printing parameters, and the mechanical property of the printed finished steel rail-frog part is excellent.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention realizes additive manufacturing by utilizing a mode of small laser spots and high focusing energy, realizes gradient structural change of rail steel-high manganese steel along with the internal structural change of the rail-frog by a laser array and a high-flux nozzle, and realizes integrated formation of the rail-frog.
(2) The invention improves the printing speed through a laser array and a high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system, simultaneously realizes printing of integrated parts by using different metal powders, realizes the printing of a steel rail-frog gradient structure, has higher precision of the formed metal parts, can reach the use standard by slightly polishing the surface, has excellent mechanical properties, can generally reach the level of a forging piece, even has better performance than the forging piece, generally does not need to be subjected to heat treatment, and can be subjected to simple heat treatment sometimes to enhance the mechanical properties, thereby obviously improving the mechanical properties.
(3) Compared with the traditional welding, the finished steel rail-frog part prepared by the invention has higher impact resistance and higher wear resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a gradient structure diagram of the frog and railway rail of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of additive manufacturing of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cellular scanning strategy of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The design method for the gradient structure of the high manganese steel frog and the railway steel rail for additive manufacturing comprises the following steps:
s1: as shown in fig. 1, a three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail is established by adopting Solidworks software, and the data model optimizes the structure of the rail-frog through topological optimization to obtain the three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail after optimization;
s2: importing Materialise Magics software into an optimized three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail, adding support to the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail, presetting the slice thickness to be 35 mu m according to printing, and storing slice files to obtain slice model files of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail;
s3: converting the format of the obtained rail gradient structure slice model file for the frog and the railway into a file format recognizable by printing equipment, and obtaining the rail gradient structure slice recognizable model file for the frog and the railway;
s4: as shown in fig. 2, the identifiable model file of the gradient structure slice of the frog and the railway rail is led into printing equipment, printing parameters and a scanning strategy are set in the printing equipment, the printing equipment prints metal powder by adopting a laser array and a high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system, the printing speed is improved by adopting the laser array and the high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system, and meanwhile, printing of integrated parts by using different metal powder is realized, so that the gradient structure printing of the rail-frog is realized;
s5: monitoring the whole printing process until the printing is finished, and obtaining a steel rail-frog part;
s6: and (3) blowing powder to the surface of the steel rail-frog part, removing redundant powder, and removing the supporting part of the steel rail-frog part to obtain the finished steel rail-frog part.
As shown in fig. 3, the scanning strategy in step S4 is a honeycomb scanning strategy, and the scanning strategy adopts a honeycomb scanning strategy, and compared with the traditional checkerboard scanning strategy, the square deformation is changed into a regular hexagon, and the stress is borne by six corners, so that the stress concentration phenomenon is greatly reduced, and the scanning strategy adopts a honeycomb scanning strategy, so that the phenomena of cracking, deformation, warping and the like in the printing process can be effectively reduced, and the thermal stress can be borne in a dispersed manner.
The frog part in the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail is printed by adopting high manganese steel powder, the frog part in the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail is printed by adopting carbon steel metal powder, and the frog is the part with the greatest stress and the most serious abrasion in the railway, so that the high manganese steel powder is printed, and the normal use requirement is met by adopting the carbon steel powder for printing;
the high manganese steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c:0.9%, mn:11%, si:0.3%, S:0.04%, P:0.05%, the balance being Fe; the carbon steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: is C:0.54%, si:0.35%, mn:0.7%, cr:0.2%, cu:0.2%, nb:0.01%, V:0.05%, ni:0.1%, mo:0.15 percent and the balance of Fe, the frog printed by the high manganese steel metal powder has high impact resistance and high wear resistance, and the carbon steel metal powder has high wear resistance and can improve the service life of the steel rail;
the high manganese steel metal powder and the carbon steel metal powder are prepared by PREP plasma rotary electrode atomization powder making equipment, so that the metal powder preparation efficiency is high;
the grain size of the high manganese steel metal powder is 15-20 mu m, and the grain size of the carbon steel metal powder is 50-60 mu m, so that the grain size preparation is favorable for improving the wear resistance and the compressive strength of the finished steel rail-frog part;
the sphericity of the high manganese steel metal powder and the carbon steel metal powder is 0.8, and the obtained finished steel rail-frog part has smooth surface and excellent mechanical property.
And before laser printing is performed on the metal powder in the step S4, vacuumizing the equipment, wherein the vacuum degree is 3Pa, and then introducing argon into the equipment until the internal air pressure of the printing equipment is 0.1MPa, so that the performance of the part is prevented from being reduced due to oxidation of the metal powder in the printing process.
The printing parameters in the step S4 comprise laser power of 200W, scanning speed of 650mm/S, scanning interval of 0.07mm, and the powder spreading layer thickness is consistent with the slice thickness in the step S2, so that the printing parameters have the highest efficiency of printing the steel rail-frog parts, and the printed finished steel rail-frog parts have excellent mechanical properties.
Example 2
The design method for the gradient structure of the high manganese steel frog and the railway steel rail for additive manufacturing comprises the following steps:
s1: as shown in fig. 1, a three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail is established by adopting Solidworks software, and the data model optimizes the structure of the rail-frog through topological optimization to obtain the three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail after optimization;
s2: importing Materialise Magics software into an optimized three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail, adding support to the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail, presetting the slice thickness to be 40 mu m according to printing, and storing slice files to obtain slice model files of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail;
s3: converting the format of the obtained rail gradient structure slice model file for the frog and the railway into a file format recognizable by printing equipment, and obtaining the rail gradient structure slice recognizable model file for the frog and the railway;
s4: as shown in fig. 2, the identifiable model file of the gradient structure slice of the frog and the railway rail is led into printing equipment, printing parameters and a scanning strategy are set in the printing equipment, the printing equipment prints metal powder by adopting a laser array and a high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system, the printing speed is improved by adopting the laser array and the high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system, and meanwhile, printing of integrated parts by using different metal powder is realized, so that the gradient structure printing of the rail-frog is realized;
s5: monitoring the whole printing process until the printing is finished, and obtaining a steel rail-frog part;
s6: and (3) blowing powder to the surface of the steel rail-frog part, removing redundant powder, and removing the supporting part of the steel rail-frog part to obtain the finished steel rail-frog part.
As shown in fig. 3, the scanning strategy in step S4 is a honeycomb scanning strategy, and the scanning strategy adopts a honeycomb scanning strategy, and compared with the traditional checkerboard scanning strategy, the square deformation is changed into a regular hexagon, and the stress is borne by six corners, so that the stress concentration phenomenon is greatly reduced, and the scanning strategy adopts a honeycomb scanning strategy, so that the phenomena of cracking, deformation, warping and the like in the printing process can be effectively reduced, and the thermal stress can be borne in a dispersed manner.
The frog part in the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail is printed by adopting high manganese steel powder, the frog part in the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail is printed by adopting carbon steel metal powder, and the frog is the part with the greatest stress and the most serious abrasion in the railway, so that the high manganese steel powder is printed, and the normal use requirement is met by adopting the carbon steel powder for printing;
the high manganese steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c:1%, mn:12.0%, si:0.8%, S: 04%, P0.07%, and Fe in balance; the carbon steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: is C:0.6%, si:0.87%, mn:1.11%, cr:0.5%, cu:0.4%, nb:0.04%, V:0.08%, ni:0.7%, mo:0.25 percent and the balance of Fe, the frog printed by the high manganese steel metal powder has high impact resistance and high wear resistance, and the carbon steel metal powder has high wear resistance and can improve the service life of the steel rail;
the high manganese steel metal powder and the carbon steel metal powder are prepared by PREP plasma rotary electrode atomization powder making equipment, so that the metal powder preparation efficiency is high;
the grain size of the high manganese steel metal powder is 20-40 mu m, and the grain size of the carbon steel metal powder is 60-80 mu m, so that the grain size preparation is beneficial to improving the wear resistance and the compressive strength of the finished steel rail-frog part;
the sphericity of the high manganese steel metal powder and the carbon steel metal powder is 0.87, and the obtained finished steel rail-frog part has smooth surface and excellent mechanical property.
And before laser printing is performed on the metal powder in the step S4, vacuumizing the equipment, wherein the vacuum degree is 4Pa, and then introducing argon into the equipment until the internal air pressure of the printing equipment is 0.11MPa, so that the performance of the part is prevented from being reduced due to oxidation of the metal powder in the printing process.
The printing parameters in the step S4 comprise 220W of laser power, 700mm/S of scanning speed and 0.08mm of scanning interval, the powder spreading layer thickness is consistent with the slice thickness in the step S2, and under the printing parameters, the efficiency of printing the steel rail-frog parts is highest, and the mechanical properties of the printed finished steel rail-frog parts are excellent.
Example 3
The design method for the gradient structure of the high manganese steel frog and the railway steel rail for additive manufacturing comprises the following steps:
s1: as shown in fig. 1, a three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail is established by adopting Solidworks software, and the data model optimizes the structure of the rail-frog through topological optimization to obtain the three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail after optimization;
s2: importing Materialise Magics software into an optimized three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail, adding support to the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail, presetting the slice thickness to be 45 mu m according to printing, and storing slice files to obtain slice model files of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail;
s3: converting the format of the obtained rail gradient structure slice model file for the frog and the railway into a file format recognizable by printing equipment, and obtaining the rail gradient structure slice recognizable model file for the frog and the railway;
s4: as shown in fig. 2, the identifiable model file of the gradient structure slice of the frog and the railway rail is led into printing equipment, printing parameters and a scanning strategy are set in the printing equipment, the printing equipment prints metal powder by adopting a laser array and a high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system, the printing speed is improved by adopting the laser array and the high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system, and meanwhile, printing of integrated parts by using different metal powder is realized, so that the gradient structure printing of the rail-frog is realized;
s5: monitoring the whole printing process until the printing is finished, and obtaining a steel rail-frog part;
s6: and (3) blowing powder to the surface of the steel rail-frog part, removing redundant powder, and removing the supporting part of the steel rail-frog part to obtain the finished steel rail-frog part.
As shown in fig. 3, the scanning strategy in step S4 is a honeycomb scanning strategy, and the scanning strategy adopts a honeycomb scanning strategy, and compared with the traditional checkerboard scanning strategy, the square deformation is changed into a regular hexagon, and the stress is borne by six corners, so that the stress concentration phenomenon is greatly reduced, and the scanning strategy adopts a honeycomb scanning strategy, so that the phenomena of cracking, deformation, warping and the like in the printing process can be effectively reduced, and the thermal stress can be borne in a dispersed manner.
The frog part in the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail is printed by adopting high manganese steel powder, the frog part in the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail is printed by adopting carbon steel metal powder, and the frog is the part with the greatest stress and the most serious abrasion in the railway, so that the high manganese steel powder is printed, and the normal use requirement is met by adopting the carbon steel powder for printing;
the high manganese steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c:1.2%, mn:14.0%, si:1%, S:0.05%, P:0.08%, the balance being Fe; the carbon steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: is C:0.71%, si:1.15%, mn:1.42%, cr:0.70%, cu:0.6%, nb:0.06%, V:0.10%, ni:0.3%, mo:0.35 percent and the balance of Fe, the frog printed by the high manganese steel metal powder has high impact resistance and high wear resistance, and the carbon steel metal powder has high wear resistance and can improve the service life of the steel rail;
the high manganese steel metal powder and the carbon steel metal powder are prepared by PREP plasma rotary electrode atomization powder making equipment, so that the metal powder preparation efficiency is high;
the grain size of the high manganese steel metal powder is 40-60 mu m, and the grain size of the carbon steel metal powder is 80-100 mu m, so that the grain size preparation is beneficial to improving the wear resistance and the compressive strength of the finished steel rail-frog part;
the sphericity of the high manganese steel metal powder and the carbon steel metal powder is 0.9, and the obtained finished steel rail-frog part has smooth surface and excellent mechanical property.
And before laser printing is performed on the metal powder in the step S4, vacuumizing the equipment, wherein the vacuum degree is 4Pa, and then introducing argon into the equipment until the internal air pressure of the printing equipment is 0.13MPa, so that the performance of the part is prevented from being reduced due to oxidation of the metal powder in the printing process.
The printing parameters in the step S4 comprise laser power of 250W, scanning speed of 750mm/S, scanning interval of 0.09mm, and the powder spreading layer thickness is consistent with the slice thickness in the step S2, so that the printing parameters have the highest efficiency of printing the steel rail-frog parts, and the printed finished steel rail-frog parts have excellent mechanical properties.
Comparative examples 1-3 the finished rail-frog part produced in example 2 was found to be the most excellent in wear resistance and impact resistance, and thus example 2 is the best example.

Claims (3)

1. The design method for the gradient structure of the high manganese steel frog and the railway steel rail for additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: establishing a three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the rail frog and the railway rail by adopting Solidworks software, and optimizing the structure of the rail frog by the data model through topological optimization to obtain the three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the rail frog and the railway rail frog after optimization;
s2: importing Materialise Magics software into an optimized three-dimensional data model of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail, adding support to the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail, presetting the slice thickness to be 35-45 mu m according to printing, and storing slice files to obtain slice model files of the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail;
s3: converting the format of the obtained rail gradient structure slice model file for the frog and the railway into a file format recognizable by printing equipment, and obtaining the rail gradient structure slice recognizable model file for the frog and the railway;
s4: importing identifiable model files of the frog and the railway steel rail gradient structure slice into printing equipment, and setting printing parameters and a scanning strategy in the printing equipment;
s5: monitoring the whole printing process until the printing is finished, and obtaining a steel rail-frog part;
s6: blowing powder to the surface of the steel rail-frog part, removing redundant powder, and removing the supporting part of the steel rail-frog part to obtain a finished steel rail-frog part;
the scanning strategy in the step S4 is a cellular scanning strategy;
the frog part in the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail is printed by adopting high manganese steel metal powder, and the frog part in the gradient structure of the frog and the railway steel rail is printed by adopting carbon steel metal powder;
the printing equipment is used for printing metal powder by adopting a laser array and a high-flux multi-nozzle deposition system;
the high manganese steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c:0.9-1.2%, mn:11-14.0%, si:0.3-1%, S is less than or equal to 0.05%, P is less than or equal to 0.08%, and the balance is Fe; the carbon steel metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: is C:0.54-0.71%, si:0.35-1.15%, mn:0.7-1.42%, cr:0.2-0.7%, cu:0.2-0.6%, nb:0.01-0.06%, V:0.05-0.10%, ni:0.1-0.3%, mo:0.15-0.35%, and the balance being Fe;
the high manganese steel metal powder and the carbon steel metal powder are prepared by PREP plasma rotary electrode atomization powder making equipment;
the grain size of the high manganese steel metal powder is 15-60 mu m, and the grain size of the carbon steel metal powder is 50-100 mu m;
and before laser printing is performed on the metal powder in the step S4, vacuumizing the equipment, wherein the vacuum degree is 3-4Pa, and then introducing argon into the equipment until the internal air pressure of the printing equipment is 0.1-0.13MPa.
2. The method for designing gradient structure of high manganese steel frog and railway rail according to claim 1, wherein the printing parameters in the step S4 include laser power of 200-250W, scanning speed of 650-750mm/S and scanning interval of 0.07-0.09mm.
3. The method for designing gradient structure of high manganese steel frog and railway rail according to claim 1, wherein the printing parameters in step S4 include laser power of 200-250W, scanning speed of 650-750mm/S, scanning interval of 0.07-0.09mm, and thickness of powder layer consistent with thickness of slice in step S2.
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