CN112746270B - Laser cladding method of high manganese steel frog and high manganese steel frog - Google Patents
Laser cladding method of high manganese steel frog and high manganese steel frog Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
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- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention provides a laser cladding method of a high manganese steel frog, which comprises the following steps: processing a cladding area on a substrate of the high manganese steel frog; adding alloy powder into the cladding area, and carrying out multilayer laser cladding treatment. According to the laser cladding method provided by the invention, the cladding layer can be ensured to be stacked to a certain thickness by processing the cladding region, so that the cladding layer with higher strength is prepared on the cladding region by mutually stacking multiple cladding layers, the structure is more uniform and compact, metallurgical bonding is achieved between layers, and the structural hardness, the wear resistance and the shear strength of the high manganese steel frog are enhanced, and the service life of the high manganese steel frog is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a surface treatment method for engineering materials, in particular to a laser cladding method for a high manganese steel frog and the high manganese steel frog manufactured by the method.
Background
At present, high manganese steel frog is used as a key component of turnout equipment of railway lines, and due to the fact that the high manganese steel frog has an impact hardening effect, a core structure still keeps extremely high toughness after being strongly impacted by wheels, so that high impact resistance, abrasion resistance and crack expansion resistance are achieved. However, in the actual operation process, the high manganese steel frog is subjected to strong impact, rolling and friction of wheels, and is often subjected to abrasion of different degrees before being subjected to impact hardening, and even the surface of the high manganese steel frog is cracked and peeled off to fail, so that the service life of the high manganese steel frog is influenced, and the railway running safety is also influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a laser cladding method for a high manganese steel frog.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a high manganese steel frog manufactured by using the above laser cladding method.
The laser cladding method for the high manganese steel frog provided by the technical scheme of the first aspect of the invention comprises the following steps: processing a cladding area on the substrate of the high manganese steel frog; adding alloy powder into the cladding area, and carrying out multilayer laser cladding treatment.
Specifically, with the laser cladding technology, a dense and narrow interactive cladding layer needs to be formed on a joint surface between a cladding material (alloy powder) and a base material (a substrate of a high manganese steel frog), and the excellent use effect of the laser cladding technology has a direct relation with the thickness of the cladding layer. For single-layer cladding laser cladding treatment, the cladding layer can only reach a certain thickness, and the thickness of the whole cladding layer can be increased through multilayer laser cladding. By arranging the cladding area, the cladding layer is formed in the cladding area, so that the effect of multi-layer superposition can be formed, and the thickness of the cladding layer is improved. The cladding area can be formed on the substrate of the existing high manganese steel frog by machining or can be integrally formed with the substrate of the high manganese steel frog.
The dilution rate can be further reduced through multilayer laser cladding, the dilution rate of a cladding layer is about 5% generally, and through multilayer laser cladding, only when cladding is carried out on a bonding layer located at the lowest part of a cladding area, the matrix of the high manganese steel frog is damaged, namely, the 5% only belongs to 5% of the bonding layer, so that for the multilayer cladding layer including the bonding layer, the dilution rate is less than 5% inevitably, the dilution rate of the multilayer cladding layer is reduced, and the mechanical property of damaging the matrix of the high manganese steel frog can be reduced through multilayer laser cladding. On the other hand, compared with single-layer laser cladding, the laser cladding layer with the same thickness is divided into multiple layers to be sequentially subjected to laser cladding treatment, so that the laser power, the powder feeding speed and the like can be correspondingly reduced, and the cladding layer with more uniform and compact structure, metallurgical bonding between the layers and higher strength can be prepared on a cladding area. Meanwhile, the lower cladding layer is subjected to laser cladding when each cladding layer is treated by carrying out multilayer laser cladding treatment, and the generation of cracks and holes in the whole cladding layer can be effectively slowed down due to the same physical properties of the alloy powder. Therefore, the surface layer of the high manganese steel frog obtained after multilayer laser cladding treatment has high hardness and high wear resistance, and the service life of the high manganese steel frog is prolonged.
It is worth mentioning that the cladding area is arranged to clad specific positions on the high manganese steel frog, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of key parts on the high manganese steel frog can be improved in a more targeted manner, the laser cladding process of other parts which are not key parts is omitted, the cost is reduced, and the laser cladding operation speed of a plurality of high manganese steel frog matrixes is accelerated.
In addition, the laser cladding method for the high manganese steel frog in the technical scheme provided by the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
in the above technical solution, the step of "adding alloy powder in the cladding region and performing multilayer laser cladding treatment" specifically includes: carrying out three-dimensional modeling on the cladding area; dividing the cladding area into a multilayer area to be clad according to a model structure constructed by three-dimensional modeling; and according to the layering condition of the cladding area, sending alloy powder into a laser beam, and carrying out layer-by-layer cladding treatment on each layer of the area to be clad from bottom to top in sequence.
Specifically, the structural shape of a cladding area is obtained through scanning or detection, a 3D structure is formed on intelligent equipment according to the structural shape, the 3D structure is divided into a plurality of layers of areas to be clad according to the shape of the bottom wall of the cladding area, alloy powder is uniformly fed to the center of a laser beam while laser is used as a heat source according to the sequence from bottom to top, and the intelligent equipment controls the laser to move and the alloy powder to be fed synchronously and synchronously in the same direction. After the laser cladding treatment of one layer is finished, the intelligent equipment controls the laser and the powder feeding to move reversely, and the laser cladding treatment of the second layer is carried out until the cladding layer is filled in the cladding area, so that the 3D structure is formed. It can be understood that in the process of two adjacent layers of laser cladding, a cooling step can be waited, so that the upper and lower cladding layers or the substrate of the high manganese steel frog can be rapidly cooled to form the high-performance cladding layer. Optionally, the thicknesses of the multiple layers of regions to be clad are equal, and cladding parameters such as laser power, laser spot size, laser scanning speed or powder feeding amount and the like can be reasonably set, so that the laser cladding and powder feeding processes are kept as stable as possible, and the cladding parameters do not need to be adjusted in the laser cladding process, so that the stability of the multiple layers of laser cladding is further improved, the prepared structure on the cladding region is more uniform and compact, metallurgical bonding between layers is achieved, and the cladding layer with higher strength is obtained.
Through carrying out multilayer laser cladding processing, can be so that alloy powder's melting degree is higher for alloy powder's availability factor is higher, can reduce the probability that the droplet appears near the cladding layer simultaneously, with the production probability that reduces crackle and hole, thereby the bonding effect of the base member of reinforcing cladding layer and high manganese steel frog helps improving the performance of high manganese steel frog. Meanwhile, the layers are sequentially clad, when the second layer is clad, laser acts on the first layer, namely the combination layer, the second layer and the combination layer mutually permeate, so that the phenomenon that metal elements in the base body of the high manganese steel frog permeate the cladding layer too much to cause strength reduction is avoided, and adverse effects on the performance of the base body of the high manganese steel frog can be reduced. In addition, by pretreating the alloy powder to remove impurities and moisture in the alloy powder, the generation of cracks and holes can be further suppressed.
It is worth mentioning that, for a curved surface structure, for example, the point rail of the high manganese steel frog is not a plane structure, through carrying out three-dimensional modeling and layering, the curved surface walking of laser and powder feeding is realized, thereby multilayer laser cladding in the three-dimensional direction is realized, the uniformity degree of each layer of cladding layer is effectively improved, the processing or polishing allowance after cladding is reduced, the surface layer of the high manganese steel frog obtained after multilayer laser cladding processing has high hardness and high wear resistance, and the service life of the high manganese steel frog is further prolonged.
In the technical scheme, the matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: c:0.95 to 1.20, mn:12 to 14, si:0.3 to 0.65, P: less than or equal to 0.040, S: less than or equal to 0.030, and Mn/C is more than or equal to 10.
In any of the above technical solutions, before the step of "adding alloy powder in the cladding region and performing multilayer laser cladding processing", the method further includes: carrying out nondestructive testing on the substrate; and if the surface of the substrate has defects, performing repairing treatment.
In any of the above technical solutions, after the step of "adding alloy powder in the cladding region and performing multilayer laser cladding processing", the method further includes: carrying out heat treatment after cladding to enable the matrix and the alloy powder to form the high manganese steel frog; carrying out nondestructive testing on the high manganese steel frog; and/or machining the high manganese steel frog to restore the high manganese steel frog to the size of the matrix.
In any of the above technical solutions, the cladding region is disposed on the top of the base body and is located on at least a part of the core rail of the base body and the wing rail corresponding to the core rail.
The point rail part of the high manganese steel frog and the corresponding wing rail belong to the area which is seriously impacted and abraded, and the overall structural strength of the high manganese steel frog can be effectively improved by enhancing the structural strength of the point. The effects of strong impact, rolling and friction of the high manganese steel frog on wheels in the actual running process are reduced, and the possibility of failure caused by cracking, stripping and chipping is reduced, so that the next-course proportion of the problems is reduced.
In the technical scheme, the part on the point rail comprises a part with a section width of 20mm to 50mm along a direction parallel to the length direction of the high manganese steel frog; and/or the thickness of the cladding area on the cross section of the high manganese steel frog in the length direction is more than or equal to 5mm.
The strength and the wear resistance of the key parts of the high manganese steel frog can be more effectively enhanced by reasonably setting the range of the cladding area. Alternatively, the cross-sectional width may be a portion of 20mm to 40mm, or a portion of 30mm to 50 mm; the thickness in cross section may be 7mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm.
In any of the above technical solutions, the power of the laser is in the range of 4200W to 5000W; and/or the laser light spot is rectangular, the length of the rectangle is within the range of 8-20 mm, and the width of the rectangle is within the range of 2-3 mm; and/or the scanning speed of the laser is in the range of 10mm/s to 25 mm/s; and/or the powder feeding amount of the alloy powder is 2.0g/min to 4.0g/min.
The laser cladding process parameters comprise: the laser power, the spot size, the scanning speed and the powder feeding speed have great influence on the dilution rate, cracks, surface roughness of the cladding layer, the compactness of the cladding part and the like. Wherein, the comprehensive function of laser power P, facula diameter D and cladding speed V has proposed the notion of specific energy Es, namely: es = P/(DV), i.e. irradiation energy per unit area, a reduction in specific energy is advantageous for reducing the dilution ratio. Under the condition of certain laser power, the dilution rate of the cladding layer is reduced along with the increase of the diameter of a light spot, and when the cladding speed and the diameter of the light spot are fixed, the dilution rate of the cladding layer is increased along with the increase of the laser beam power. In addition, along with the increase of the cladding speed, the melting depth of the substrate of the high manganese steel frog is reduced, and the dilution rate of the substrate material to the cladding layer is reduced. The powder feeding amount in unit time affects the thickness of a cladding area, alloy powder can be guaranteed to be completely melted, waste of the alloy powder is reduced, and the influence on cladding effect caused by too small powder feeding amount is avoided. Through multilayer laser cladding, the alloy powder is completely melted, the burning loss and waste of the alloy powder are reduced, and the utilization rate of the alloy powder is further improved. By reasonably setting the process parameters, the laser cladding method provided by the invention has the effects on the dilution rate, cracks, surface roughness of the cladding layer, compactness of the cladding part and the like, is favorable for ensuring that the surface layer of the high manganese steel frog obtained after multilayer laser cladding treatment has high performance and high wear resistance, and further prolongs the service life of the high manganese steel frog.
In any of the above technical solutions, the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.5 to 0.7% Co, 1.20 to 1.40% Ni, 0.12 to 0.15% Nb, 0.1 to 0.3% Mo, 14 to 18% Cr, 0.6 to 0.8% Mn, the balance Fe and unavoidable trace impurities; and/or the size distribution of the alloy powder is in the range of 100 mesh to 270 mesh.
Preferably, the alloy powder is an iron-cobalt-based alloy powder, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.58% Co, 1.30% Ni, 0.136% Nb, 0.181% Mo, 16.76% Cr, 0.662% Mn, the balance Fe and unavoidable trace impurities. By selecting the alloy powder matched with the components of the matrix of the high manganese steel frog, the fusion rate of the matrix and the alloy powder can be effectively improved, so that the cladding layer has higher performance.
Optionally, the alloy powder has a size of 130 mesh, 150 mesh, 200 mesh, 220 mesh, 250 mesh. Through the reasonable size that sets up alloy powder, can cooperate to set up corresponding cladding parameter, when improving the thickness of cladding layer, make the cladding layer of preparation more even compact, the effect of fusing between the layer is better.
The technical scheme of the second aspect of the invention provides a high manganese steel frog, which is manufactured by using the laser cladding method of any one of the technical schemes of the first aspect of the invention. The high manganese steel frog provided by the technical scheme of the second aspect of the invention is manufactured by the laser cladding method of any one of the technical schemes of the first aspect, so that all the beneficial effects of any one of the technical schemes are achieved, and the details are not repeated.
The laser cladding method provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the surface layer of the high manganese steel frog obtained after multilayer laser cladding treatment has high hardness and high wear resistance, and the service life of the high manganese steel frog is prolonged;
the cladding layer and the high manganese steel substrate have strong binding force, so that the service performance of the high manganese steel frog is improved;
the material consumption of the alloy powder is saved, and the utilization rate of the alloy powder is improved;
the cladding layer is more uniform and compact, metallurgical bonding is achieved between layers, and the generation of cracks and holes can be slowed down.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a laser cladding method according to some embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a laser cladding method according to some embodiments of the invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of a high manganese steel frog according to some embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high manganese steel frog according to some embodiments of the present invention.
Wherein, the correspondence between the reference numbers and the part names in fig. 1 to 4 is:
1, a substrate; 2, a point rail; 3, a wing rail; 4, cladding layer; 10 high manganese steel frog.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein and, therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
A laser cladding method of a high manganese steel frog according to some embodiments of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 4.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the laser cladding method of the high manganese steel frog provided by the invention comprises the following steps: step S10, processing a cladding area on the substrate 1 of the high manganese steel frog 10; and S30, adding alloy powder into the cladding area, and carrying out multilayer laser cladding treatment.
The hardness and the wear resistance of key parts on the high manganese steel frog 10 can be improved more pertinently by arranging the cladding area, and the laser cladding process of other parts which are not key parts is omitted, so that the cost is reduced, and the operation speed of carrying out laser cladding strengthening on a plurality of high manganese steel frog 10 is accelerated. Meanwhile, the cladding layer is formed in the cladding area, so that the stacking of the cladding layer with a certain thickness can be ensured. In addition, the damage to the mechanical property of the matrix 1 of the high manganese steel frog 10 can be reduced by carrying out multilayer laser cladding, so that the surface layer of the obtained high manganese steel frog 10 has high hardness and high wear resistance, and the service life of the high manganese steel frog 10 is prolonged.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2, the laser cladding method of the high manganese steel frog provided by the invention comprises the following steps: step S10, processing a cladding area on the substrate 1 of the high manganese steel frog 10; step S20, carrying out nondestructive testing on the matrix 1; step S301, carrying out three-dimensional modeling on a cladding area; step S303, dividing a cladding area into a multilayer to-be-clad area according to a model structure constructed by three-dimensional modeling; step S305, according to the layering condition of the cladding area, sending alloy powder into a laser beam, and carrying out layer-by-layer cladding treatment on each layer of area to be clad from bottom to top in sequence; step S40, carrying out thermal treatment after cladding to enable the matrix and the alloy powder to form a high manganese steel frog; s51, carrying out nondestructive testing on the high manganese steel frog; and S53, machining the high manganese steel frog to restore the high manganese steel frog to the size of the matrix.
Specifically, a cladding area is firstly processed, then, nondestructive testing is carried out for the first time, and the defect surfaces generated in the casting of the high manganese steel frog 10 are cleaned by adopting a machining method, wherein the defects comprise air holes, slag inclusions, shrinkage cavities, cracks and the like, so that the adverse effects of the defects on the formed cladding layer are reduced, and the structural hardness, the wear resistance, the shearing strength and other properties of the subsequently manufactured high manganese steel frog 10 can be correspondingly improved. And then, performing 3D printing type laser cladding treatment through the steps S301, S303 and S305, thereby realizing multilayer laser cladding in the three-dimensional direction, being beneficial to improving the uniformity of each layer of cladding layer, and further correspondingly improving the structural performance of the subsequently manufactured high manganese steel frog 10. After step S40, the heat treatment may include solid solution treatment and/or aging treatment, so that the matrix 1 and the alloy powder are solidified together to form the high manganese steel frog 10 with a high hardness and high wear resistance surface layer. Then, there is no sequence between step S51 and step S53, the high manganese steel frog 10 may be subjected to second nondestructive testing and then machined to restore the high manganese steel frog 10 to the size before the cladding area is not machined, or the high manganese steel frog 10 may be subjected to nondestructive flaw detection such as penetration and ultrasonic after being restored to the size before the cladding area is not machined.
In some embodiments, the cast high manganese steel frog is produced according to a conventional method, subjected to water toughening treatment, machined, subjected to flaw detection and defect-free surface, and subjected to 3D printing laser cladding. The method comprises the following steps: controlling smelting components (in percentage by mass) of the cast high manganese steel frog: c:0.95 to 1.20, mn:12 to 14, si:0.3 to 0.65, P: less than or equal to 0.040, S: less than or equal to 0.030, and Mn/C is more than or equal to 10; and (3) detecting the performance of the frog after water toughening treatment: the Brinell hardness HBW is less than or equal to 200, the wear rate W is more than 1500mg/h measured by the abrasion of impact abrasive, and the shear strength tau is less than 460MPa measured by a shear test; and (4) carrying out flaw detection after machining the frog to ensure that the surface to be clad is free of defects. The method comprises the following steps of cladding metal powder on the top surface of a rail at the key part of the high manganese steel frog by using a 3D printing laser cladding technology, wherein the performance after cladding is as follows: the Brinell hardness HBW of the cladding layer is more than 320, the Brinell hardness HBW of the bonding layer is more than 250, the wear rate W is less than 800mg/h measured by impact abrasive wear, and the shear strength tau is more than 540MPa measured by a shear test. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the key parts of the high manganese steel frog 10 refer to the section of the point rail 2 with the width of 20-50mm and the corresponding wing rail 3 section. The high manganese steel frog mechanical processing scheme is that the high manganese steel frog is processed according to a frog part drawing, then the processing depth of the key parts of the frog is about 5mm downwards along the top surface of the frog, and the key parts are processed again after cladding. The laser cladding thickness d is more than or equal to 5mm, the used alloy powder is iron-based 431-Co-40, and the cladding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 4200-5000W, the facula is rectangular, the size is length 8-20 mm multiplied by width 2-3 mm, the scanning speed is 10-25 mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 2.0-4.0 g/min. Wherein the alloy powder is optionally: the iron-based 431-Co-40 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.58% Co, 1.30% Ni, 0.136% Nb, 0.181% Mo, 16.76% Cr, 0.662% Mn, the balance Fe and inevitable trace impurities.
By using the method, the problems that the high manganese steel frog manufactured by the traditional production process cannot overcome low initial hardness, poor initial wear resistance, short service life and the like are solved, after 3D printing laser cladding treatment, the surface layer of the key part of the frog has high hardness and high wear resistance, the bonding force between the cladding layer and the high manganese steel matrix is strong, the service performance of the high manganese steel frog is improved, the service life of the high manganese steel frog is prolonged, and the running safety of a train is guaranteed.
The steps of the laser cladding method for the high manganese steel frog and the strength performance of the high manganese steel frog are described in the following by combining specific embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Smelting components (mass percent) of the cast high manganese steel frog: c =1.10, mn =13.0, si =0.51, P =0.037, S =0.009, and Mn/C =11.82; the frog is treated by water toughening; performing flaw detection after machining the frog to ensure that the surface to be clad is free of defects; d. the method comprises the following steps of cladding metal powder on the top surface of a rail at the key part of the high manganese steel frog by using a 3D printing laser cladding technology, wherein the performance after cladding is as follows: the Brinell hardness of the cladding layer is 337HBW, the Brinell hardness of the bonding layer is 259HBW, the abrasion rate is W =793mg/h measured by impact abrasive wear, and the shear strength is tau =543MPa measured by a shear test. Wherein the laser cladding thickness d is more than or equal to 5mm, the used alloy powder is iron-based 431-Co-40, and the cladding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 4500W, the spot size is 9.5mm multiplied by 2mm, the scanning speed is 20mm/s, and the powder feeding amount is 2.5g/min.
Comparative examples
Smelting components (mass percent) of the cast high manganese steel frog: c =1.10, mn =13.0, si =0.51, P =0.037, S =0.009, and Mn/C =11.82; after the frog is subjected to water toughening treatment by the same process as that in the embodiment 1, the performances of the frog are as follows: the Brinell hardness is 186HBW, the abrasion rate is W =1569mg/h measured by impact abrasive abrasion, and the shear strength is tau =451MPa measured by a shear test.
The results of the performance tests comparing the specific examples and the comparative examples are as follows:
| test item | Brinell hardness | Rate of wear | Shear strength |
| Comparative examples | 186HBW | 1569mg/h | 451MPa |
| DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION | 259HBW | 793mg/h | 543MPa |
| Comparative conclusion | Is remarkably improved | Is remarkably reduced | Is greatly improved |
By comparison, the high manganese steel frog manufactured by the laser cladding method provided by the invention solves the problems of low initial hardness, poor initial wear resistance, short service life and the like of the high manganese steel frog manufactured by the production process in the related technology, and meanwhile, after the 3D printing laser cladding treatment, the surface layer of the high manganese steel frog has high hardness and high wear resistance, and the cladding layer has strong binding force with the high manganese steel substrate, so that the service performance of the high manganese steel frog is improved, the service life of the high manganese steel frog is prolonged, and the running safety of a train is also ensured.
In conclusion, the laser cladding method provided by the invention ensures that the cladding layers can be stacked to a certain thickness by processing the cladding region, so that the cladding layers with more uniform and compact tissues, metallurgical bonding among the layers and higher strength are prepared on the cladding region by stacking the plurality of cladding layers, the structural hardness, the wear resistance and the shear strength of the high manganese steel frog are strengthened, and the service life of the high manganese steel frog is prolonged.
In the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "plurality" means two or more unless expressly limited otherwise. The terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; "coupled" may be direct or indirect through an intermediary. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or unit must have a specific direction, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description herein, the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiments," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A laser cladding method of a high manganese steel frog is characterized by comprising the following steps:
processing a cladding area on the substrate of the high manganese steel frog;
adding alloy powder into the cladding area, and carrying out multilayer laser cladding treatment;
the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 0.7% Co, 1.20 to 1.40% Ni, 0.12 to 0.15% Nb, 0.1 to 0.3% Mo, 14 to 18% Cr, 0.6 to 0.8% Mn, the balance Fe and unavoidable trace impurities; and
the size distribution of the alloy powder is in the range of 100 mesh to 270 mesh.
2. The laser cladding method according to claim 1, wherein the step of adding alloy powder in the cladding region and performing multilayer laser cladding processing specifically comprises:
carrying out three-dimensional modeling on the cladding area;
dividing the cladding area into a multilayer area to be clad according to a model structure constructed by three-dimensional modeling;
and according to the layering condition of the cladding area, sending alloy powder into a laser beam, and carrying out layer-by-layer cladding treatment on each layer of the area to be clad from bottom to top in sequence.
3. Laser cladding method according to claim 1,
the matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: c:0.95 to 1.20, mn:12 to 14, si:0.3 to 0.65, P: less than or equal to 0.040, S: less than or equal to 0.030, and Mn/C is more than or equal to 10.
4. The laser cladding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising, before said step of "adding alloy powder in said cladding region and performing a multilayer laser cladding process", the step of:
carrying out nondestructive testing on the substrate;
and if the surface of the substrate has defects, performing repairing treatment.
5. Laser cladding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising, after said step of "adding alloy powder in said cladding region and performing multilayer laser cladding treatment", a step of:
carrying out thermal treatment after cladding to enable the matrix and the alloy powder to form the high manganese steel frog;
carrying out nondestructive testing on the high manganese steel frog; and/or
And machining the high manganese steel frog to restore the high manganese steel frog to the size of the matrix.
6. Laser cladding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the cladding area is arranged at the top of the base body and is positioned on at least part of the point rail of the base body and the wing rail corresponding to the point rail.
7. Laser cladding method according to claim 6,
the part on the point rail comprises a part with a section width of 20mm to 50mm along the direction parallel to the length direction of the high manganese steel frog; and/or
The thickness of the cladding area on the cross section of the high manganese steel frog in the length direction is more than or equal to 5mm.
8. Laser cladding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the power of the laser is in the range of 4200W to 5000W; and/or
The laser spot is rectangular, the length of the rectangle is within the range of 8 to 20mm, and the width of the rectangle is within the range of 2 to 3mm; and/or
The scanning speed of the laser is within the range of 10mm/s to 25 mm/s; and/or
The powder feeding amount of the alloy powder is 2.0g/min to 4.0g/min.
9. A high manganese steel frog made using the laser cladding method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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